Emerging Wireless Technologies - Northwestern Universityusers.eecs.northwestern.edu/~mh/MSIT/MITP...

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Emerging Wireless TechnologiesDavid FindlingChief Solutions ArchitectEmail: [email protected]

14 May, 2005

MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners.

© Motorola, Inc. 2005.

SURFboard™

Cable Modems

1996

First Practical and Affordable

Automobile Radioby Galvin Manufacturing

1930Handie-Talkie™Two-Way Radio

1940Golden ViewTelevision

1947Coaxial

Cable TV System (GI)

19503-Amp Power

Transistor

1955

Telematics EmergencyMessaging

System

1996First All DigitalHDTV Standard

1990First PortableCellular Phone

DynaTAC

1983First MotorolaComputerized,

Electronic Engine Control Modules

(EEC III)

1980

All ElectronicAlternator System

1961First Words

from the Moon Replayed by

MotorolaTransponder

1969

First WearableCellular Phone

StarTAC®

1996

Handie-TalkieRadio Pager

1955

i250 Wireless Chipset

2001The Motorola V60

Cellular Phone

2001 2002The SBG1000 Wireless Cable Modem Gateway

2003Motorola SoftSwitch

(MSS)

2003Architected Automobile

iDEN® i1000 Portable Radio Handset

1998

Computer-Controlled Trunked

Two-Way Radio Systems

1978

The MTH500 Digital TETRA

Radio

2002

Motorola Innovation

First MotorolaMicroprocessor

MC6800

1974World’s First

Full-Text Two-Way PagerThe PageWriter®

1996

2



A Global LeaderWherever We Compete

# 1 in Public Safety and Private two-way radio systems

# 2 in wireless handsets sold globally; #1 in North America

# 1 in digital broadband set-top boxes

# 1 in cable modems# 1 in broadband communications

systems# 1 in embedded computing# 1 in intelligent automotive

electronics



MOBILE DEVICE

CONNECTED HOMEGOVERNMENT/ENTERPRISE

NETWORKS

Motorola’s Organization

3



We have identified three disruptive trends

Digitization of EverythingDigitization of Everything

Devices are getting smarter… really fast!

Explosion of Broadband



@home@home

In In the the

AutoAuto

@work@work

Out inOut inthethe

WorldWorld

The Next Big Thing: Seamless Mobility

4

Mesh Networks



General Definitions - MeshGeneral Definitions - Mesh• Mesh defines a network topology

– Multi-Point to Multi-Point– Routing functionality– Benefits

• Aids in mobility• Reduces congestion• Improves throughput• Requires less power• Load balancing• Can be applied to variety of technologies

11 Mbps 5.5 Mbps 2 Mbps 1 Mbps

11 Mbps 11 Mbps 11 Mbps

Traditional Wireless LAN

Mesh Networking applied to

Traditional Wireless LAN

5



General : Mesh / Ad Hoc• Mesh / Ad-Hoc Networking

– The ability to extend coverage by integrating router functionality in each device.

– Automatically switches between Ad-Hoc (no infrastructure) & infrastructure modes

– Can be applied to all PAN, LAN, MAN & WAN technologies

WLAN, privatepublic

Coverage is limitedBy the network

Mesh

Coverage is extended by each node



Wireless Ad Hoc Mesh Network Technology•Automatic Network Formationand Repair (Ad Hoc)

•Range Extension (Multi-Hopping)

•Optimized Spectrum Utilization

•No Cables needed for AP’s

•APs act as Routers in the network

•Clients can also act as Routers

•Supports standalone clientMeshing (No infrastructure required)

Note: Currently 802.11 does not support client assisted meshing

6



Mesh Enabled Architecture Overview

Wireless Sensor Networks

7



802.16e

802.16a

1990 2000 2010

Dat

a R

ate

(Mbp

s)802.11n

802.15.1

PersonalAreaEvolutionary Path

Transitions fromWired to Wireless

802.15.3a

LocalArea

0.1

10

1

100

1000

0.01

802.15.4

MetroArea

CellularWide Area

802.3 Ethernet10 base-T

1000 base-T

1-3 km

3-10 km

100-300 m

10-30 m

LinkRange

PSTN

100 base-T

ANSI/EIA 709.1LonWorks™

IEEE 1451smart sensor Low rate-power-%duty

for low cost sensing, controls & location.

Pervasive fabric “mesh” networks.

1G

2.5G

802.11g 802.15.3

3G

802.20

2G

4G

802.11b

802.11a

Canopy™

The Evolving Wireless Landscape –where does 802.15.4 fit in?



TV, VCRDVD/CDremote

securityHVAClightinglawn & garden irrigation

mousekeyboardjoystick

consolesportables

educational

securitymonitors

sensorsbuilding automation

access control

monitorsdiagnostics

sensors

LOW DATA RATELONG BATTERY LIFE

RADIO DEVICES

RESIDENTIAL CONTROL

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

PC & PERIPHERALS

TOYS & GAMES

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL

www.zigbee.org

8



802.15.4 / ZigBee™ Protocol StackZigBee™ Mesh Network

• In preparation, to be published in 2004

• Logical Addresses (16b) are assigned using a “spanning tree” hierarchy with 3 shared parameters (from Motorola)

• Messages to distant nodes can follow parent-child hierarchy of spanning tree (deterministic, no network flooding, no routing tables to be stored) OR use a flexibly-defined cost method to determine optimum route at the time of the message (from Intel & Ember).

IEEE

IEEE 802.15.4868 / 915 MHz PHY

IEEE 802.15.42400 MHz PHY

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

IEEE 802.2LLC, Type I IEEE 802.15.4 LLC

ProprietaryNetwork, Stack

ZigBee™ Network & ASL

ApplicationsZigBee™

App Profiles

Application

ZigBee™Alliance

802.15.4 / ZigBee™ / Applications• Apps can be built to follow ZigBee

Application profiles (as they become published), or independently using the ZigBee™ Network and Application Support Layer (ASL).

• Applications can also use proprietary network protocols built on top of the 802.15.4 RF platform.



Cost

<1(to reader)

Can read >1000 tags per

sec

n/a

n/a

32 b – 1 Kb

Information Tag

Passive RFID

Data Rate,TCP/IP

Streaming Audio + Data

Energy Efficiency,Scaleable low-cost

Infrastructure

OutdoorRange

Success Metrics

100-30010-30 10-30

(+ multi-hop)100-300Range

(meters)

11 – 55 Mb/s720 Kb/s20, 40 – 250 Kb/s

868, 915 – 2450 MHz28, 60 Kb/s

433, 2450 MHzBandwidth

< 50(typical)

8255 - 65,000star - mesh

1,000-10,000per Receiver

Nodes per Access Pt

0.1 – 5 1 – 7 100 – 2,500+ 100-2,500+Battery Life (days)

1 MB+250 KB+8 KB – 60 KB32 b – 1 KbSystem Resources

Wireless Ethernet

Pt-2-Pt Wire Elimination

Assets, Sensing& Control

Transmit-onlyInformation Tag

Application Focus

Wi-Fi®802.11x

Bluetooth®

802.15.1ZigBee®

802.15.4RTLS

Active RFID

Protocol Comparison

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Connect the Cyber World (www) to the Physical World!

Wireless Network Wireless Network ServerServer EnterpriseEnterprise

ServerServer

Internet Service Internet Service ProviderProvider

WLANWLAN

Self OrganizingHighly Scalable

Machine-to-MachineRapidly Deployed

Easy To Install

Autonomous OperationLow Maintenance

Easy To Use

Easy To AffordLow Cost Devices

Sensing & ControlLocation

Lower Data Rates

Data Management

Easy To Apply

A Technology Driver for the IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Standard

The neuRFon™ Vision



neuRFonTM Applications

Canopy™, Cellular, Pt2Pt WLAN backhaul

Gateway serves web pages to D.O.T.

Gateway linked toGPS & 2-way radioGateway linked toGPS & 2-way radio

Assets INSIDE the container

Gateway linkedto GPS & cellular

Assets INSIDE the container

Gateway linkedto GPS & cellular

Remote Monitoring & Control• Sensor data collection

Temperature, Acceleration, Pressure, Strain, Shaft Position, Pivot AngleRain, Wind Speed & DirectionChemical, Environmental

• Sensor location• Structural Monitoring• 2-way communication for

automatic or user based control

Asset Visibility• Associate Container with:

•Sensors & Assets•Container

• Create a real-time, self-documenting database of asset history

• Automate Paperwork for conveyed goods

Manufacturing/Logistics• Location

Limited infrastructureAccuracy ~ 1-2 metersNo high-power readerIndoor/Outdoor Operation

• Remote Monitoring:Sensor data collectionSensor locationAdaptive scheduling

• Information FlowData fusion/correlationDiagnosis/PrognosisDistributed database

d9A

d32

12

456

8

9A B

C

73

Engine Block #21980 Lot # 412309• Passed rotor test• Failed ring wear test

Electrical Panel 76B8• CB1 32C, CB2 40C, CB3 47C

d9A

d32

12

456

8

9A B

C

73

d9Ad9A

d32d32

1122

445566

88

99AA BB

CC

7733



Electrical Panel 76B8• CB1 32C, CB2 40C, CB3 47CElectrical Panel 76B8• CB1 32C, CB2 40C, CB3 47C

Modular Sensor Network NodesRadio Board

Sensor(s) Module orExt. interface

Battery/Energy2x “2/3 A” shown

Modular Sensor Network NodesRadio Board

Sensor(s) Module orExt. interface

Battery/Energy2x “2/3 A” shownCellular, Satellite, Private

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Credit Cards 1949Magnetic 1970

SmartPhones, PDA’s - The Fifth Wave

Coin Money3,000 B.C.

Checks1875

Barter 50,000 B.C.

Paper Money1650

• Personal Consumer Credit has revolutionized payment - 54% of in store purchases in 2003 – from 11% in 1995

• Personal Credit limited by outdated technology (plastic – magnetic stripe)

• Banks view payment via personal electronic device as way to capture next 50% of payments, now made by cash

• Personal Electronic payment represents the 5th wave of payment evolution

Evolution Of Payment – The 5th Wave

Wireless Broadband

11



Motorola Fixed Wireless Broadband CanopyTM

• Wireless Broadband Network Extension– Supports Data, voice, and video– Built-in Ethernet interface (10/100baseT) & T1/E1 Interface

• Range– 2-35 miles (Point to multipoint)– 35 miles (Point to Point)

• Data Rates– 1.9 – 15 Mbps (Point to multipoint)– 7.5 - 300 Mbps (Point to Point)

• Operates in the Unlicensed – 900Mhz, 2.4Ghz ISM, 5.2/5.7Ghz U-NII bands

• Features– Encryption (DES, AES, FIPS 197 Certified)– Highly resistant to Interference (~3db C/I)– Canopy Advantage: Software Defined Radio– WiMAX Support– Backward compatible– Low Cost and rapid deployment– <7mS latency

• Globally Deployed in over 85 countries– 200,000+ Units

S ubscr iber M odu le

(S M )

S ubscr iber M odu le

(S M )

Access Point (AP)

Access Point (AP)

Backhaul Module (BH)

Backhaul Module (BH)



WiMAX

• Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access• WiMAX Represents

– OFDM/OFDMA core technology– Open network model– IP based broadband wireless network– Carrier grade infrastructure– Application agnostic network

• Defines profiles based on the 802.16 standards– 5 profiles defined as of April 2005.

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WiMAX Roadmap

802.16Approved

802.16aApproved

802.16dApproved

802.16eTargeted

Cost-effective Broadband Wireless IP Products

begin to Appear

Up to 20 Mbps Fixed

Up to 74 Mbps fixed

Up to 20 Mbps mobileTraditional Fixed Wireless Access

Products

WiMAX-Certified™ 802.16d Products begin to Appear

2002 20082004 20062003 2005 2007

WiMAX-Certified™ 802.16e Products begin to Appear

802.16e Starts Shipping with Laptops



Delivering Real WiMAX Products

RealityPerception

802.16 equipment will tend to cost more than many solutions available today. Over time, the 802.16 standard will drive CPE cost as low as $350 in volumes

The WiMAX Forum will begin equipment certification testing sometime in late 2004 or 2005, and will only give its WiMAX Forum Certified™ stamp of approval to products that pass these tests. Therefore, no product can claim to be “WiMAX compliant” today

WiMAX Equipment is Available Now

802.16 is more susceptible to in-band interference than today’s products like Motorola Canopy. However, this is not an issue in licensed bands.

WiMAX in License-Exempt Bands

Radio Frequency and Power have the greatest effect on Non Line-of-Sight performance ― and those are not usually under the control of the operator

Non Line-of-Sight

But not both at the same time. WiMAX speed is highly dependent on distance: Longer distance = Lower speed

Up to 70 Mbps as far as 30 km

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Mobile Broadband



THE FUTURE OF MOBILE DATA SERVICES

HSDPAPeak user rate 3.6 to 14 Mbps*

Predicted: >1 Mbps - 150 KbpsExisting UMTS spectrum

UMTSPeak user rate 384 KbpsRealistic: 125 - 70 KbpsSimultaneous voice & dataFull QoS: real-time servicesNew spectrum

EDGEPeak user rate 238 Kbps*Realistic: 100 - 60 Kbps (2TS)GSM spectrum

GPRSPeak user rate 80 Kbps*Realistic: 35 - 30 Kbps (2 TS)GSM spectrum

HSDPA

GPRS

GSM

EDGE

UMTS

E-MAIL w/ Attachment

S/W DownloadMusic Download

Full Web Browsing

Live Video Broadcast

Video Conference

Voice

Location Specific Services

Multi-MediaMessaging

Download RingersTransaction Based Apps

SMS

HIGH DATA RATE & CAPACITY

LOW-MED DATA & CAPACITY

NO

N-R

EAL

TIM

E REA

L TIME

E-MAIL

Interactive Gaming

* Handset limited (EDGE and GPRS maximum of 4 timeslots, HSDPA first phase of handsets support peak data rate of 3.6Mbps)

14



Mobile Broadband Technologies and Evolution

>100 Mbps

2.0 Mbps

473 Kbps

14.4 Mbps

2.4 Mbps

3.1 Mbps

16.0 Mbps

115 Kbps

307 Kbps

0 5 10 15 20

OFDM 4G

802.16x

HSDPA

DO Rev A

1xEV-DO

W-CDMA

EDGE

1X

GPRS

Java Games 1 MBMusic Files 4MB

P E A K R A T E (Mbps)

SMS 9KBEmail 10KBText file 40 KB

Rich 100MBMultimedia

Typical File Size

100



MOTODrivetm - Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) Communications

Control & Data Base

Traffic Management Center(TMC)

WiFiHot Spot

Satellite toVehicle(GPS)

Vehicle-to-Vehicle

Vehicle -to -Roadside

DSRC/Wi-Fi

PrivateSectorUses

DSRC/Wi-Fi

Cellular

A vehicle/highway cooperative system for Location Based Services, Consumer Communications, and Active Safety

15

Seamless Mobility



Enterprise Seamless Mobility

16



Opportunity: Convergence at the Person



Enterprise Communications Issues• Mobility Costs

– Multiple devices– Decentralized service contracts– IT support requirements– Cellular expenses– ROI

• Employee Productivity– Multiple phone numbers/voicemail– Accessibility to/for mobile employees– Easy to use– Enterprise features everywhere

• Network Management– Protect/control network access– Standards based solutions

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Enterprise Seamless Mobility Solution

EnterpriseApp

Outside the Enterprise Inside the Enterprise

Dual Network (802.11/Cellular) Device

WLAN Infrastructure

IP-PBX

IP LAN/WAN

PSTN

Wireless Services Manager PIM

Email

Internet

Cellular Wide Area Network

EnterpriseApp

Outside the Enterprise Inside the Enterprise

Dual Network (802.11/Cellular) Device

WLAN Infrastructure

IP-PBX

IP LAN/WAN

PSTN

Wireless Services Manager PIM

Email

Internet

Cellular Wide Area Network



WLAN Requirements

• Subnet mobility• Fast roaming• QoS

– Predictable and manageable performance for high-quality voice applications

• Call admission control• Power management• Network capacity• Minimized Interference• 802.11b/g - limited to 3 channels• 802.11a - up to 24 channels

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Key Parameters - Capacity

Minimum Number of APs Vs. Erlang/user

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0.05 0.1 0.17 0.25 0.3Erlang/user

Num

ber o

f APs

ADCF

HCF

EDCF

ADCF (history)

HCF (history)

EDCF (history)

802.11a

802.11b



Key Parameters - Channels

• 802.11a has 24 non-overlapping channels• 802.11b offers just 3 channels

• Allows almost eight times more access points in a close area

1

321

3

5

72

46

82

4

38

802.11b802.11a

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Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA)

Source: UMA Technology http://www.umatechnology.org

Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) technology enables access to GSM and GPRS mobile services over unlicensed spectrum, including Bluetooth™ and WiFi™. Highlights of UMA Technology:

• Seamless delivery of mobile voice and data services over unlicensed wireless networks.

• Seamless transitions (roaming and handover) between Cellular RAN and unlicensed wireless networks.

• Independent of underlying unlicensed spectrum technology (e.g. WiFi™, Bluetooth™) • Transparent to existing, standard CPE devices (e.g. access points, routers and modems) • Utilizes standard “always on" broadband IP access networks (e.g. DSL, Cable, T1/E1,Broadband Wireless …)



@home@home

In In the the

AutoAuto

@work@work

Out inOut inthethe

WorldWorld

The Next Big Thing: Seamless Mobility

Emerging Wireless Technologies - Northwestern Universityusers.eecs.northwestern.edu/~mh/MSIT/MITP...

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