emerging pathogen and serious treat for the production of Allium ...
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Iris Yellow Spot Virus -
emerging pathogen and
serious treat for the production
of Allium species
A. Bulajić1, I. Stanković1, A. Vučurović1, D. Ristić1,
K. Milojević1, V. Trkulja2 and B. Krstić1 1Institute of Phytomedicine, Department of Phytopathology,
University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia 2Faculty of Agriculture, Banja Luka,
Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV)
One of 23 distinct species – genus Tospovirus (family
Bunyaviridae)
Genome organization – 3 single-stranded RNA segments of
negative or ambisense polarity
With nucleocapsid protein - form ribonucleoproteins
RNPs are encased within a lipid envelope consisting of two
virus-coded glycoproteins and a host-derived membrane
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IYSV gained significance in 1999;
2000 - EPPO Alert List
Comprehensive studies in the EPPO region
and several pest risk analysis conducted by joint
international efforts = IYSV is excluded from EPPO Alert list
Presently - possible economic impact of IYSV in Europe is
considered to be less valuable compared to the cost of
imposing quarantine measures
Considered to be an emerging virus whose world presence
and distribution have recently dramatically increased
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Republic of Serbia
IA part I of the Lists of harmful organisms
IA part II (The Law on Plant Health)
http://www.mpt.gov.rs/postavljen/123/bilje1.pdf
Currently – not regulated as quarantine organism
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Host range
IYSV
Onion (Allium
cepa)
other
cultivated and
wild Allium
species
Ornamentals:
1. Iris
2.Eustoma
3.Amaryllis
4. Geranium
Monocots
mostly
fam. Liliaceae
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For an adult thrips to transmit the virus
has to be acquired by the first or second larval stages
It multiplies in the larvae,
survives through the developmental stages
the emerging adult thrips become infective
Thrips tabaci, onion thrips, is the only
confirmed vector of IYSV
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Sirig locality 2007.godina
cv. Stuttgarter
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straw-coloured, dry, necrotic spindle- or
diamond-shaped lesions on scapes
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Diagnostic symptom
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Secondary pathogen - Alternaria sp.
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Obrenovac, 2007
Symptoms of little
diagnostic value
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Obrenovac, 2007
Symptoms of little
diagnostic value
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Eustoma russellianum
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Eustoma russellianum
Necrotic ring spots on
the leaves
Leaf necrosis
Whole plant decay
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Year Host plant No. of
localities
No. of tested
samples
reference
2005
35 genera of
ornamentals
24 453
Bulajić et al.
(2009) Onion 31 52
2006
14 genera of
ornamentals
16 215
Onion 15 149
2007 Onion 16 189
2008 Onion, leek 11 51
This study 2009 Onion 10 63
2010 Onion, garlic, leek 16 58
2011 Onion, garlic, leek 10 53
Table 1. Overview of the survey on the presence of Iris
yellow spot virus during 2005-2011 in Serbia
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Detection methods - serology
47 crops in different localities
Total of 225 samples were collected
including 204 samples of onion (Allium cepa),
13 samples of garlic (A. sativum)
8 samples of leek (A. porrum)
DAS-ELISA kit (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach,
Germany),
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Detection methods – molecular analyses
conventional reverse transcription (RT)-PCR
132 randomly selected samples –
from all 47 inspected crops, at least two from each locality
Total RNA was extracted using the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit
(Qiagen, Hilden, Germany)
Serbian 605-SRB isolate of IYSV (GenBank Acc. No.
EU586203)
healthy onion, garlic and leek leaves
+/-K
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Primer Sequence Amplicon
size (bp)
Reference
IYSV917L
IYSV56U
5’-TAAAACTTAACTAACACAAA-3’
5’-TCCTAAGTATTCACCAT-3’
896
Robène–
Soustrade
et al.
(2006)
IYSV-Pappu1*
IYSV-Pappu2
5’-TAAAACAAACATTCAAACAA-3’
5’-CTCTTAAACACATTTAACAAGCAC-3’
1200
Pappu et
al. (2006)
IYSV-459
TOS-R15
5’-ACCAGAGGAAGCCCGCAG-3’
5’-GGGAGAGCAATYGWGKYR-3’
459
Uga and
Tsuda
(2005)
IYSV-F*
IYSV-R
5’-TCAGAAATCGAGAAACTT -3’
5’-TAATTATATCTATCTTTCTTGG-3’
700
du Toit et
al. (2004)
Table 2. The primers used for IYSV detection in Allium leaves and scapes
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IYSV – different primers suitability
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Conclusions:
In July 2007, onion plants with distinctive
symptoms - in seed production field in the
Sirig locality (South Bačka District).
Very high disease incidence, estimated at 80%.
Disease occurrence - associated with a high
population of Thrips tabaci.
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Conclusions:
Another outbreak - June 2007 in onion bulb crop
in the Obrenovac locality (City of Belgrade
District).
Only two infected onion plants with chlorotic
spots and streaks
Relatively low population of Thrips tabaci.
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After IYSV outbreaks in Serbia (Bulajić et al., 2008, 2009)
the measures of thorough eradication were applied
according to Sunsford and Woodhall (2007).
The intensive sampling in the municipalities of Temerin,
especially surrounding locality of Sirig, and Obrenovac
was performed and greater number of samples tested.
No virus presence was detected in any of the tested
samples which proved that IYSV eradication conducted in
2007 was successful.
The eradication performed in Serbia one the successful
examples described in world
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There are strong indications that IYSV is spreading
through the region of West Balkans
IYSV should not be underestimated
IYSV was considered to be of a minor importance in the
USA until 2000. After establishment today is one of the
most important viral pathogens of onion
For that reason and due to previous documentation of
multiple introductions in Serbia (Bulajić et al., 2009), the
surveillance for the presence of IYSV must be conducted
in the period to come.
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Thank you for your attention