Nocardiosis: An Emerging Infectious Actinomycetic Disease ...
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Transcript of Emerging and RE-Emerging Infectious Disease In Medieval times disease was seen as punishment from...
Emerging and RE-Emerging Infectious Disease
In Medieval times disease was seen as punishment from God.
AIDS???????
Germ Theory ( Bacterial Pathogens)
1- Organism always present in sick animals. 2- Organism Can be isolated and grown in a
pure culture. 3-When culture is introduced to health animal
it must cause sickness. 4-Organism re-isolated from healthy animal
must be same as original animal.
Bacterial Diseases
Disease Year Discovered Scientist
anthrax 1876 Kotch
gonorrhea 1879 Neisser
tuberculosis 1882 Kotch
plague 1894 Kitasato,Yersin
Whooping cough 1906 Bordet,Gengoe
Other pathogens
Virus- (made of Protein and nucleic acid) require a host cell to reproduce.-ex. Yellow Fever
Fungi- ex.- athletes foot, yeast infections. Parasites- Live at the expense of other organisms –
protozoa ex. malaria and helminths(from the round worm or flat worm phyla) ex. Hook worms
Prions????? Unusual proteins may be a pathogen.
Prevention and treatment
Survivors of disease become immune Chinese “valorization ” using dried material from
Small Pox sores.( risk of severe infection) Edward Jenner uses cow pox in immunize against
Small Pox( much safer) Louis Pasteur- develops immunization against
anthrax( bacterial Pathogen) and Rabies( viral pathogen) he also discovers that heating or “pasteurizing” liquids kills potentially harmful bacteria.
Antibacterial Drugs( Antibiotics)
Kill microbes without killing the patient. Alexander Fleming – Penicillin produced from
mold – kills staphylococcal bacteria Antibiotics flourished after WWII and many
infectious diseases were eradicated. Anti-viral meds are more difficult because
viruses reproduce within the cells of the host. Most meds would harm the healthy cells while trying to kill the virus.
Emerging Diseases
New diseased not seen before- Escherichia coli strain0157:H7- sickness and death in the 1990’sEbola hemorrhagic fever- 50- 90% Fatality rate. Appeared in the Congo in 1976.AIDS- Emerges simultaneously in US and Africa in 1980’sWhat do you think might explain the emergence of these “new pathogens”???
Re- Emerging diseases
Diseases that were previously controlled are making a “comeback”.
WHY???? Les strict enforcement of immunization programs and other
public health programs , Antibiotic resistant pathogens have evolved.
Tuberculosis and Malaria – major killers world wide Staphylococcus aureus- causes Bacterial
Pneumonia and is immune to ALL known antibiotics Could we be heading for another “pandemic era”???