Embedding Enterprise at York - Tony
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www.york.ac.uk/enterprise
Embedding Enterprise at York
Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning in Enterprise
Tony Ward, Director CETLE
Department of Electronics
European Association for Education in Electrical and Information Engineering
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Enterprise at York
1999 – 2005 WRCE, UK Science Enterprise Challenge
5 year funded project
Enterprise in STEM
>200 Teaching resources created
Strong brand developed
It had its problems
2005 – 2010 WRCTLE, HEFCE Centre for Excellence
5 year funded project
Enterprise in SSAH & STEM
2010 – Enterprise at York Relocated to the Ron Cooke Hub on new Heslington East Campus
Slide 2 of 164
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Mission and Objectives
Effect a durable change in culture
Embed enterprise in all disciplines
Provide a physical focus
The Enterprise Zone
Support student enterprise activities
Discipline focus
Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities
Science, Engineering & Technology
Reward demonstrated excellence by staff
Disseminate outcomes
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The Enterprise Zone
Bright and fresh facility
Teaching room
Microincubator
Resource room
Flexible group working space
Video conferenced
IT Support
Freely accessible
Student interns
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Student & Staff activities
Home of student businesses in CETLE Incubator
Student ‘proof of concept’ fund
>1,400 students in ‘York Entrepreneurs’
Programme of events and activities
Curriculum development projects
Broader activities
Member of European Foundation for Entrepreneurship Research
Member of the EAEEIE ELLEIEC Thematic Network Project
NCGE / Kauffman Scholarships
Nanjing York Joint Centre for Enterprise & Employability
World University Network Enterprise Strand
Centre for Intrapreneurship Research
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Curriculum Development Projects
Embedding enterprise into academic modules
NOT Business School led
Distributed teaching
Bottom up
Funded through a curriculum development budget
Departmental enterprise champions
Ensures sustainability
All developed teaching materials go into the pool
STEM subjects - 8 (WRCE) + 3
Health Sciences - 1
Arts and Humanities - 10
York Award - 3
Careers / Life Long Learning - 1
Professional Organisational Development - 1
Continuing Education - 2
Colleges – 1
Postgraduate training – 1 course
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Confusing concepts
Enterprise – having an idea, and taking advantage of the opportunities to make things happen
Entrepreneurship – an activity which leads to the creation and management of a new organisation designed to pursue a unique, innovative opportunity (Hindle & Rushworth, 2000)
Intrapreneurship - "dreamers who do," those who take hands-on responsibility for creating innovation of any kind within an organization’. (Pinchot 1999)
University view:
It’s not about starting a business
It’s about developing a student who is ‘enterprising’ in whatever walk of life they choose to follow.
Enterprise skills depend on the discipline.The adopted definition depends on the discipline.
Our interpretation is flexible!
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Enterprise in Electronics
• Department of Electronics, York – Entrepreneurial model
• Stage 1: One intervention
• First year group project
• Development of transferable skills
• Rag-bag ‘catch-all’ module
• Transformed to strong enterprise introduction module
• Improved flow and cohesion
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Year 1 Project
• Year 1 ‘technical’ project• Supervision groups• 4 – 5 students• Never met before• Cultural adjustment from
school• Multicultural mix
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Year 1 Project
Working in teams
What is a small business?
Creativity
Project planning
Product design in thebusiness context
Intro to marketing
Report writing
Use of wordprocessors
Managing meetings
Poster preparation
Term 1 Term 2 Term 3
Submit productidea and
business name
Present posterof product
Theory
Practice• Year 1 ‘technical’ project• Supervision groups• 4 – 5 students• Never met before• Cultural adjustment from
school• Multicultural mix
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Year 1 Project
Theory
Practice
Use of speadsheets
Project costing
Intro to production
Intro to finance
Public speaking
Intro to legal matters
Producing the businessplan
Design and buildproduct
Presentation of product &
business plan
Term 1 Term 2 Term 3
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Year 1 Project
Theory
Practice
Use of speadsheets
Project costing
Intro to production
Intro to finance
Public speaking
Intro to legal matters
Producing the businessplan
Design and buildproduct
Presentation of product &
business plan
Term 1 Term 2 Term 3
• JIT Teaching model• Experimental• ‘Fun’ activity
• Motivational• Team Building• Work ethic
• Behavioural development
• Foundation to build theory upon
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Enterprise in Electronics
• Department of Electronics, York
• Stage 1: One intervention
• First year group project
• Development of transferable skills
• Rag-bag ‘catch-all’ module
• Transformed to strong enterprise introduction module
• Improved flow and cohesion
• Stage 2: More than one module
• Year 4 Enterprise module
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Year 4 Enterprise
Project Centered Learning Module Investigation into a real product or technology
Real ‘Owner’ Team activity Self-study Extensive web-based support resource Weekly tutorials (process) Ad hoc meetings with ‘Owner’ Strong emphasis on reality
http://www.prod-dev.com/stage-gate.shtm
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Enterprise in Electronics
• Department of Electronics, York
• Stage 1: One intervention
• First year group project
• Development of transferable skills
• Rag-bag ‘catch-all’ module
• Transformed to strong enterprise introduction module
• Improved flow and cohesion
• Stage 2: More than one module
• Year 4 Enterprise module
• Stage 3: Full Integration
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Enterprise in Electronics
Strategic Management
Enterprise
Marketing Accounting and Finance
Project Management
People & Quality
People in Technology Based Organisations
Introduction to Business Management in Electronic EngineeringYear 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
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Are we successful? How do we assess?
Domain ‘technical’ knowledge
Enterprepreneurial ‘technical’ knowledge
Enterprepreneurial behaviours
Equipped student
What are the measures of success for enterprise related modules?
assessment by conventional knowledge and application (appropriate cognitive level)
Transferable skills – through demonstration of the skill
Enterprising skill – a complex metacompetence / meta-behaviour
Entrepreneurship – not a competence but a process requiring competences and behaviours – What is entrepreneurship?
+
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Integrated model of X’trapreneurship
Imagine entrepreneurship
opportunity
Disposition to act
Decision to act
Act of ‘x’preneurship
Entrepreneurship
Establish the enterprise
Manage the enterprise
Return to entrepreneur
Uncertainty in market place
Change in market place
Opportunity in market place
Available resources & facilities in local
environment
Entrepreneurial personality
•Risk tolerance•Uncertainty tolerance•Vision & Creativity•Capacity to inspire•High internal locus of control•Resilience & Tenacity•Self aware
•Self confidence•High energy•Achievement orientation•Proactive•Desire for autonomy•Flexibility•Ability to learn
Societal influences
•Dependency culture•Role model culture•Tradition culture•Failure / success culture•Societal safety net
Control over resources & facilities in local environment
Access to finance
Intrapreneurship
Process innovation
management
Product innovation
management
Technical skillsSmall business forms
IPRMarketing
FinanceBusiness planning
Legal issuesLogistics management
Technical skillsMarketing
FinanceStrategic planning
HRMProduction managementLogistics managementQuality management
Behavioural skillsMotivation
Problem solvingNegotiation
Team working
Behavioural skillsCommunications
JudgementNegotiation
Technical skillsChange management
IPR, MarketingHRM, Finance
Business planningLegal issues
Logistics management Strategic planning
Production managementQuality management
Behavioural skillsCommunications
NegotiationJudgementMotivation
Problem solvingNegotiation
Team working
Creative ability
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Are we successful?
• What are the measures of success for enterprise related modules?
• Enterprise ‘Technical’ modules – assessment by conventional knowledge and application (appropriate cognitive level)
• Transferable skills – through demonstration of the skill
• Enterprising skill – a complex metacompetence
• Entrepreneurship – not a competence but a process requiring competences and behaviours
• Possibly through:
• Entrepreneurial Intent (EI) &
• Venturing Self-Efficacy (VSE)
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Enterprise Research
Study of Entrepreneurial Intent and Venturing Self-Efficacy Statistically reliable measures of VSE & EI Longitudinal study of Engineering Students Regional Entrepreneurial Intentions Survey Effectiveness of Industrial Placements Pan European ‘Tuning’ perception analysis (Students/Staff/Employers)
EU Project - Virtual Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning Bite-sized learning + Language mentoring – Quick plug for this later
Effectiveness of teaching modules (Accounting) Measure for accounting and finance self-efficacy Comparative study of MBA v taught Masters v Undergrad methods Multi-institutional study
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Are we successful?
• What are the measures of success for enterprise related modules?
• Enterprise ‘Technical’ modules – assessment by conventional knowledge and application (appropriate cognitive level)
• Transferable skills – through demonstration of the skill
• Enterprising skill – a complex metacompetence
• Entrepreneurship – not a competence but a process requiring competences and behaviours
• Entrepreneurial Intent (EI) & Venturing Self-Efficacy (VSE)
• Questionnaire with reliable metrics
• Enterprising/Entrepreneurship:
• Outcome measure – The ability to start a business (if I want to)?
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Other random embeds
Palliative Care Module- Health Sciences
History of Art – College Art Gallery
Personal Professional Practitioner
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Your Module Challenge
Where / What do you want to put into your curriculum
Is the embedded model best for you?
What are the challenges you face?
What resources do you have/need?
What are your learning objectives?
Where can you develop these and how?
What might be appropriate assessment techniques?
Discuss in groups and report back
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Enterprise skills
Working in teams, Creativity, Innovation, Project planning and management, Presentation skills, Managing meetings Problem solving
Business research, Nature of business, Business plan, Marketing, Product design, Accounting and Finance, Legal issues Human Resource Management Production, Quality & Logistics
SOFT
HARD
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Wrap Up & Advertisement
Thank you for your participation - Any questions
EU funded ELLEIEC projectVirtual Centre for EnterpriseLearning in 1ECU chunks
Currently under developmentBut – if anyone is interested in looking at it, please contact me.
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Strategic options
Embedded model
+ Taught by familiar staff
+ Contextualised to subject
+ Enthuses staff + students?
+ Real culture change
+ Pedagogy locally set
- Teaching staff not experts
- Long term sustainability
- Needs departmental champions
Service teaching model
+ Teaching economy of scale
+ Taught by an ‘expert’
- Timetabling complexities
- Teaching subject based
- Pedagogy set by expert (but to ‘customer’ spec?)
- Mass ‘Sheep dipping’ ?
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Education Process
Enterprise at York
EnterpriseT & L
Resources
Staff development, TLDC, FELT , VLE, Careers, Research agenda
York AwardMillennium Volunteers
Active York, STEP, BUSY
Enterprise ZonePre-UniversityFeeder system Industry
(Intrapreneurship)
Enterprise(Entrepreneurship)
Social&
‘For-profit’EnterpriseExperience
Innovations
Enterprise &Innovation Office
Industry
External bodies(DTI, HEFCE, HEA, LSC, NCGE)
(Yorkshire Forward, Higher York, Science City York)
York’s Enterprise connections