Elements and the Periodic Table COLLEGE PREP EXPLORING SCIENCE.
-
Upload
linda-walters -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Elements and the Periodic Table COLLEGE PREP EXPLORING SCIENCE.
Elements and the Elements and the Periodic TablePeriodic Table
COLLEGE PREP EXPLORING COLLEGE PREP EXPLORING SCIENCESCIENCE
The Modern Periodic Table - The Modern Periodic Table - JournalJournal
1.What happens to properties when you move from left to right across the table?
2.What type of elements are in yellow? In green? In blue?
3.What is an important fact about the Actinide series?
The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table
PROPERTIES ARE GROUPED BY PROPERTIES ARE GROUPED BY COLUMNSCOLUMNS
Example - Example - Group (Family 1) – Alkali Group (Family 1) – Alkali MetalsMetals
What is similar?What is similar?
The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table
HOW CAN WE CLASSIFY ELEMENTS?HOW CAN WE CLASSIFY ELEMENTS?
1.1. State: solid, liquid, gasState: solid, liquid, gas
2.2. Natural & manmade: (91 of the first Natural & manmade: (91 of the first 92 are natural)92 are natural)
3.3. METALS, NONMETALS & METALS, NONMETALS & METALLOIDSMETALLOIDS
PROPERTIESPROPERTIESMETALSMETALS Mostly solid,Mostly solid, Good conductors of electricity and heatGood conductors of electricity and heat
METALLOIDSMETALLOIDS All solidsAll solids Properties between metals and nonmetalsProperties between metals and nonmetals Known as ‘semi-conductors”Known as ‘semi-conductors”
NONMETALSNONMETALS Solids, liquids and gasesSolids, liquids and gases Good insulatorsGood insulators
The Modern Periodic TableThe Modern Periodic Table
Classified by Properties
What happens to properties when you move from left to right across the table?
ELEMENTS BECOME LESS METALLIC AND MORE NON-METALLIC
Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups
Elements in a group have Elements in a group have SIMILARSIMILAR (not (not identical) identical) PROPERTIESPROPERTIES because they because they have the same number of valence have the same number of valence electronselectrons
Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups
ALKALI METALS (group 1):ALKALI METALS (group 1): Single valence electronSingle valence electron EXTREMELY REACTIVEEXTREMELY REACTIVE Reactivity increases from Reactivity increases from
top to bottomtop to bottom
It is not a metal, but Hydrogen is It is not a metal, but Hydrogen is
grouped here. Why?grouped here. Why?
Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups
ALKALINE EARTH METALS (group 2):ALKALINE EARTH METALS (group 2): TWO valence electronsTWO valence electrons Less reactive than group 1Less reactive than group 1
Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups
BORON FAMILY (group 3A):BORON FAMILY (group 3A): THREE valence electronsTHREE valence electrons FYI- Aluminum is the most FYI- Aluminum is the most
abundant metal in Earth’s crustabundant metal in Earth’s crust
Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups
CARBON FAMILY (group 4A):CARBON FAMILY (group 4A): FOUR valence electronsFOUR valence electrons FYI- Except for water, most FYI- Except for water, most
compounds in your body compounds in your body contain Carbon.contain Carbon.
Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups
NITROGEN FAMILY (group 5A):NITROGEN FAMILY (group 5A): FIVE valence electronsFIVE valence electrons FYI- Nitrogen and FYI- Nitrogen and
Phosphorous are used to Phosphorous are used to make fertilizers.make fertilizers.
Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups
OXYGEN FAMILY (group 6A):OXYGEN FAMILY (group 6A): SIX valence electronsSIX valence electrons FYI- Oxygen is the most FYI- Oxygen is the most
abundant nonmetal in abundant nonmetal in Earth’s crust, and Earth’s crust, and OzoneOzone is is another form of oxygen.another form of oxygen.
Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups
THE HALOGENS (group 7A):THE HALOGENS (group 7A): SEVEN valence electronsSEVEN valence electrons EXTREMELY REACTIVEEXTREMELY REACTIVE Reactivity increases from Reactivity increases from
bottom to topbottom to top FYI- Halogen means “salt FYI- Halogen means “salt
former”.former”.
Representative GroupsRepresentative Groups
THE NOBLE GASES (group 8A):THE NOBLE GASES (group 8A): EIGHT valence electronsEIGHT valence electrons INERT (don’t react easily)INERT (don’t react easily) FYI- make “neon” lights when FYI- make “neon” lights when
a current is passed thru a current is passed thru them.them.
JournalJournal1.1. Color in the Periodic Table given to Color in the Periodic Table given to
you and color it in according to the you and color it in according to the following LIST. following LIST.
Use a different color for each of the items below.Use a different color for each of the items below. Metals Metals Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals Transition MetalsTransition Metals MetalloidsMetalloids NonmetalsNonmetals HalogensHalogens Noble GasesNoble Gases