2014-15 ieee embedded projects list,ieee projects for embedded,ieee projects in embedded
Electrical Embedded Projects
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Transcript of Electrical Embedded Projects
www.projectspals.com 09271412204
www.projectspals.com 09271412204
1) STREET LIGHT THAT GLOWS ON DETECTING VEHICLE MOVEMENT
The project is designed to detect vehicle movement on highways to switch
ON only a block of street lights ahead of it (vehicle), and to switch OFF the
trailing lights to save energy. During night all the lights on the highway
remain ON for the vehicles, but lots of energy is wasted when there is no
vehicle movement.
This proposed system provides a solution for energy saving. This is achieved
by sensing an approaching vehicle and then switches ON a block of street
lights ahead of the vehicle. As the vehicle passes by, the trailing lights
switch OFF automatically. Thus, we save a lot of energy. So when there are
no vehicles on the highway, then all the lights remain OFF. However, there is
another mode of operation where instead of switching OFF the lights
completely, they remain ON with 10% of the maximum intensity of the light.
As the vehicle approaches, the block of street lights switch to 100% intensity
and then as the vehicle passes by, the trailing lights revert back to 10%
intensity again. High intensity discharge lamp (HID) presently used for urban
street light are based on principle of gas discharge, thus the intensity is not
controllable by any voltage reduction. White Light Emitting Diode (LED)
based lamps are soon replacing the HID lamps in street light. Intensity
control is also possible by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) generated by the
microcontroller. Sensors used on either side of the road senses vehicle
movement and sends logic commands to microcontroller to switch ON/OFF
the LEDs. Thus this way of dynamically changing intensity ON/OFF helps in
saving a lot of energy. The project uses an 8051 series microcontroller.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
Further the project can be enhanced by using appropriate sensors for
detecting the failed street light and then sending an SMS to the control
department via GSM modem for appropriate action.
2) GSM BASED ENERGY METER READING WITH LOAD CONTROL
The main objective of the project is to develop a GSM based energy meter
reading system and load control through SMS. Electricity department sends
employees to take meter reading every month, which is an expensive and
time consuming job. The proposed project provides a convenient and
efficient method to avoid this problem. The electricity department and the
user can get the readings of the energy meter of consumers via SMS. The
loads can also be controlled by the user of this system via SMS using this
project.
A microcontroller input is effectively interfaced to a digital energy meter that
takes the reading from the energy meter and displays the same on an LCD.
The reading of the energy meter is also sent to the control room by an SMS
via SIM loaded GSM modem. This GSM modem can also receive commands
from the cell phone to control the owner‟s electrical loads. It uses a standard
digital energy meter that delivers output pulses to the microcontroller to
perform counting for necessary action. On receiving command it can switch
ON/OFF the loads.
Further this project can be interfaced with a non volatile memory IC like
EEPROM along with a keypad so that the user the change the mobile number
as per the requirement.
3) LIFE CYCLE TESTING OF ELECTRICAL LOADS BY DOWN COUNTER
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
A desired number is entered through a keypad interfaced to a
microcontroller of 8051 family. Upon activation, the system counts down one
in each second till the set number reaches zero. A relay switches the load
ON & OFF for every count thus testing the life cycle of the product.
The working life of many products such as lamps depends on the number of
ON/OFF cycles it encounters. This project is designed to be used in industries
for testing the life cycle of such electrical loads (lamps, motors etc) using a
down counter.
This proposed system uses microcontroller of 8051 family with a keypad
interfaced to it to enter a required number.7-segment displays are used for
displaying the number /count. Once the circuit is powered, the counter is set
using the keypad to count down anywhere from 999 to 0. The counter starts
decrementing from the set number to 0 per each count and simultaneously
making the load (i.e. bulb in this circuit) turn ON and OFF by a relay.
Reaching the zero count it finally remains OFF.
The project can be further enhanced by using mono stable triggering device
to stop the counter in the event of failure of the load before reaching the
zero. Thus the exact life cycle of the load can be estimated.
4) AUTOMATIC DIALING TO ANY TELEPHONE USING I2C PROTOCOL
ON DETECTING BURGLARY
The main objective of this project is to intimate the concerned authorities
about an unauthorized access of secured areas such as museums, residential
houses, banks etc. As crime rate is on the rise and burglars are getting
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
smarter, the security system for banks, shops and houses needs to be full
proof. This proposed system ensures that at any moment if any
unauthorized person tries to open the bank locker; a telephone number will
be dialed through the telephone line connected to it.
This project uses a microcontroller from 8051 family. An external memory
EEPROM is interfaced to the microcontroller to store the contact number to
which the call is to be made. The arrangement is made in such a way that
when someone tries to open the door forcefully even when it is locked the
microcontroller gets an interrupt through a hidden switch mechanism
interfaced to it. Microcontroller will automatically dial to the number which is
stored in the EEPROM through DTMF encoder interfaced to it. Microcontroller
fetches information from external memory like EEPROM using I2C (Inter IC
communication) protocol.
Further this project can be enhanced to use a cell phone or GSM modem
with a serial camera connected to it. The camera will take photographs and
sends it over MMS/ email attachment to the concerned authorities.
5) NETWORKING OF MULTIPLE MICROCONTROLLERS
The project is designed to demonstrate how multiple microcontrollers can be
connected in a network to achieve the desired output. This technology is
widely used in modern automobiles. More and more microcontrollers are
embedded in different kinds of products from industrial environment to
domestic area; a good example is the automobile sector. A modern day car
has number of microcontrollers integrated within its system. As this number
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increases, the networking and communication between them becomes
necessary. The importance of having multiple microcontrollers against a
single one is if one of the microcontrollers goes bad only the function related
to that particular microcontroller will be affected.
The project demonstrates a command based monitoring tool using the
RS232 protocol. A network of three microcontrollers is used in this project.
The first one is connected to a keypad for input action while the second one
is connected to an LCD display and the third one to drive a relay for
controlling any load (LAMP). Input takes a password on the first MC to
display it on the second MC while the third one executes the output only if
the password is right. Wrong password if entered will generate a buzzer
sound. Though this task can be performed by a single microcontroller, the
project uses multiple microcontrollers to explain the concept of networking.
It is practically impossible by a single microcontroller to handle input action,
display and output which are located way apart. For example, a display unit
requiring 15 connections from the microcontroller needs to be managed
using a multi core cable, similarly for a keypad using 7 connections. Thus,
for large number of inputs and displays it would require multi core data
cable to be connected to the MC running over kilometers, whereas this
project uses a pair of wire only thereby reducing the complications in wiring
and cost as well.
Further this project being based on serial communication can be enhanced
by using wireless communication among the controllers by avoiding costly
cabling.
www.projectspals.com 09271412204
www.projectspals.com 09271412204
6) LINE FOLLOWING ROBOTIC VEHICLE USING MICROCONTROLLER
The project is designed to develop a robotic vehicle that follows a specific
path. This project uses a microcontroller of 8051 family for its operation. A
pair of photo sensors comprising IR transmitter and photo diode is interfaced
to the controller to detect the specified path for its movement.
Line follower robot is a useful robot that is used in ware houses, industries,
and stores etc, where it follows a dedicated path. This proposed system of a
line following robot fulfils the desired functionality and demonstrates the
working of it. It uses a pair of photo sensors, comprising of one IR
transmitter and a photo diode in each. It guides the robot to follow a
specified path by giving appropriate signal to the microcontroller. Two DC
motors are used interfaced to the microcontroller through a motor driver IC.
Input signals given to the microcontroller from the sensors and then the
controller takes the appropriate action according to the program written in it
and drives motors as desired.
Further the project can be enhanced by adding more advanced sensors to it.
This will add more features to the existing project. For example, we can use
ultrasonic sensors for detect any obstacle in front of the robot and to take
appropriate action.
7) RFID BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
The main objective of this project is to record the attendance of students
using RFID tags. Each student is provided with his/her authorized tag to
swipe over the reader to record their attendance.
In classrooms, time is wasted in roll calls as it is done manually. In this
proposed system, authorized student is given an RFID tag. This tag contains
an integrated in built circuit that is used for storing, processing information
through modulating and demodulating of the radio frequency signal that is
being transmitted. Thus, the data stored in this card is referred as the
identification/attendance of the person. Once the student places the card in
front of the RFID card reader, it reads the data and verifies it with the data
stored in the microcontroller from 8051 family. If the data matches, then it
displays a message on the LCD confirming the entry of that student else
displays a message denying the attendance. The status of a student‟s
attendance can be retrieved from this system by pressing the status button
interfaced to the microcontroller. Hence, a lot of time is saved as all the
students attendance is directly stored in the data base.
The project can be further enhanced by adding features like sending an SMS
of the daily attendance of students to their parents. It can also be enhanced
by using a finger print module in place of RFID module that has certain
drawbacks of tags be misused.
8) DETECTING POWER GRID SYNCHRONISATION FAILURE ON
SENSING FREQUENCY OR VOLTAGE BEYOND ACCEPTABLE RANGE
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
The project is designed to develop a system to detect the synchronization
failure of any external supply source to the power grid on sensing the
abnormalities in frequency and voltage.
There are several power generation units connected to the grid such as
hydel, thermal, solar etc to supply power to the load. These generating units
need to supply power according to the rules of the grid. These rules involve
maintaining a voltage variation within limits and also the frequency. If any
deviation from the acceptable limit of the grid it is mandatory that the same
feeder should automatically get disconnected from the grid which by effect is
termed as islanding. This prevents in large scale brown out or black out of
the grid power. So it is preferable to have a system which can warn the grid
in advance so that alternate arrangements are kept on standby to avoid
complete grid failure.
This system is based on a microcontroller of 8051 family. The
microcontroller monitors the under/over voltage being derived from a set of
comparators. As the frequency of the mains supply cannot be changed, the
project uses a variable frequency generator (555-timer) for changing the
frequency, while a standard variac is used to vary the input voltage to test
the functioning of the project. A lamp load (indicating a predictable blackout,
brownout) being driven from the microcontroller in case of
voltage/frequency going out of acceptable range.
Further the project can be enhanced by using power electronic devices to
isolate the grid from the erring supply source by sensing cycle by cycle
deviation for more sophisticated means of detection.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
9) NON CONTACT TECHOMETER
The aim of the project is to design a contactless speed sensing device
(tachometer) for a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor. Traditional tachometers
require a physical contact to the shaft of the motor to measure the speed. In
certain applications, where it is not feasible to measure the speed for safety
and technical reasons, it is possible for a contactless tachometer to take the
readings from a certain distance.
This proposed system uses the IR transmitting and receiving technique. This
is achieved by receiving IR rays from a reflecting spot on the shaft of the
motor. Such arrangements can measure the rate at which the IR rays are
getting reflected back. The project uses a microcontroller of 8051 family. A
pair of sensors (Transmitter and receiver) is used to develop a pulse for each
reflection that sends an interrupt to the microcontroller. The timer of the
controller calculates the speed by each pulse received in a particular time
interval and displays the same. The microcontroller is interfaced with an LCD
to display the speed.
The concept of the contact-less tachometer can be enhanced and
implemented in the bikes, cars for speed measurement, avoiding the use of
traditional analog speedometer.
10) DISPLAY OF DIALED TELEPHONE NUMBERS ON SEVEN SEGMENT
DISPLAYS
The main objective of this project is to display the dialed telephone number
on seven segment display for better visibility. This project is based on the
concept of DTMF (dual tone multi frequency). Every button on the key pad of
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
a telephone generates a unique frequency when pressed. These frequencies
are decoded by a DTMF decoder and the digital signals are fed to the
microcontroller through buffer circuits. While the program is executed, the
output of the microcontroller delivers the same data to parallel connected
seven segment displays.
The parallel connected seven segment displays operate in the multiplexing
mode fed from the microcontroller through driving switches to generate
exact display of the numbers dialed. In actual operation only one seven
segment display shows the number at any given time out of the ten used.
Owing to persistence of vision, all the numbers appear glowing at the same
time as they are in high speed multiplexing mode. The project uses an 8051
family microcontroller, and a cell phone duly connected from its ear phone
socket to the DTMF decoder for receiving the data. This data is transmitted
to the microcontroller for processing. The processed data is then given to the
parallel connected seven segment displays.
Further the project can be enhanced to displaying the time, cost, day and
date parameters on the digital display.
11) UNDERGROUND CABLE FAULT DISTANCE LOCATOR
The objective of this project is to determine the distance of underground
cable fault from base station in kilometers. The underground cable system is
a common practice followed in many urban areas. While a fault occurs for
some reason, at that time the repairing process related to that particular
cable is difficult due to not knowing the exact location of the cable fault. The
proposed system is to find the exact location of the fault.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
The project uses the standard concept of Ohms law i.e., when a low DC
voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series resistor (Cable lines),
then current would vary depending upon the location of fault in the cable. In
case there is a short circuit (Line to Ground), the voltage across series
resistors changes accordingly, which is then fed to an ADC to develop
precise digital data which the programmed microcontroller of 8051 family
would display in kilometers.
The project is assembled with a set of resistors representing cable length in
KM‟s and fault creation is made by a set of switches at every known KM to
cross check the accuracy of the same. The fault occurring at a particular
distance and the respective phase is displayed on a LCD interfaced to the
microcontroller.
Further this project can be enhanced by using capacitor in an ac circuit to
measure the impedance which can even locate the open circuited cable,
unlike the short circuited fault only using resistors in DC circuit as followed in
the above proposed project.
12) CELL PHONE BASED DTMF CONTROLLED GARAGE DOOR OPENING
SYSTEM
The main objective of this project is to unlock a garage door by a mobile
phone using a unique password entered through the keypad of the phone.
Opening and closing of garage doors involves human labor. In this proposed
system, the opening and closing of a garage door is achieved by using a
mobile phone. The owner can call to a mobile phone interfaced to the system
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
which in turn is connected to the garage door that can open/close the door
by entering the password. This method is very convenient as one doesn‟t
have to get down of his car to open/close the door physically.
This project is based on the concept of DTMF (dual tone multi - frequency).
Every numeric button on the keypad of a mobile phone generates a unique
frequency when pressed. These frequencies are decoded by the DTMF
decoder IC at the receiving end which is fed to the microcontroller. If this
decoded values (password entered by the user) matches with the password
stored in the microcontroller, then the microcontroller initiates a mechanism
to open the door through a motor driver interface.
Further this project can be incorporated with an EEPROM i.e., a non-volatile
memory so that the password can be changed by the owner.
13) BLDC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL WITH RPM DISPLAY
The main objective of this project is controlling speed of BLDC motor and
displays its speed using an IR method of speed sensor mechanism. The DC
motor has various application used in industries like in drilling, lathes,
spinning, elevators and etc. The speed control of the DC motors is very
essential. This proposed system provides a very precise and effective speed
control system. The user can increase or decrease the speed as per the
requirement and the motor will run at that exact speed.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
The project is divided into three stages: input, processing and output stage.
The input stage consists of entering the required speed through switches.
The processing stage provides RPM reference of the motor, by a shaft
mounted IR sensor interfaced to the microcontroller in the circuit. The
microcontroller develops PWM pulses which are varied with switches to
regulate the DC power to the motor such that the desired speed is achieved.
The output stage uses a MOSFET being driven by the microcontroller output.
An 8051 family microcontroller is used with a set of switches to increase or
decrease the speed of the BLDC motor. This speed is sensed by the sensors
and is given to microcontroller which in turn displays it on a LCD display.
The above operation is carried out by using one opto-isolator and a MOSFET
for driving the BLDC motor. IR sensing is used for getting the speed
reference to the microcontroller.
14) PREDEFINED SPEED CONTROL OF BLDC MOTOR
The main objective of this project is to force the BLDC motor in electric
vehicles to run exactly at stored speed in EEPROM (non volatile memory).
The BLDC motor has various application used in industries like in drilling,
lathes, spinning, electric vehicles, elevators and etc. The speed control of
BLDC motors is very essential. The present system speed control is not very
effective. This proposed system provides a very precise and effective control
system. The user can enter the desired speed (predefined speed) which is
stored in an EEPROM and the motor will run at that speed. If the power
supply is off, the EEPROM retains the last speed entered. When the supply is
resumed, the motor will run at the last entered speed.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
Based on the principle of PWM speed can be controlled. This is achieved by
keeping BLDC motor on closed loop feedback and giving RPM reference of
the motor by a shaft mounted IR sensing arrangement which is fed to the
microcontroller in the circuit. A display unit displays the full speed and one
can enter the desired percentage with help of switches to vary the speed.
The pulse width would be automatically adjusted to maintain the DC power
to the motor such that the entered speed percentage matches the present
RPM. The above operation is carried out by using one opto-isolator and a
MOSFET for driving the BLDC motor and IR sensing is used for getting the
speed reference to the microcontroller.
An EEPROM is interfaced to the microcontroller. EEPROM being a non volatile
memory stores the speed reference to feed to the control circuit that forces
the motor to always run at the same speed. Two switches are used as input
to the MC for increasing or decreasing the speed of the BLDC motor.
15) STAMP VALUE CALCULATOR FOR POSTAGE NEEDS
The aim of this project is to develop a stamp value calculator for the postal
operations that is carried out in a post office. These postal letters are tariffed
at the post offices depending on the weight of the postal letter measured on
a weighing scale. Normal weight checking instruments used in the shops like
the grocery stores are not applicable in post offices, where the weights
range from kilograms and above, but in post offices the weights are
considered in the order of grams and the tariff rate is imposed accordingly.
Hence, there is a need of a precise weighing scale that can measure the
weights in grams and display it. This concept can be achieved by an
electronically weighing machine. This proposed system can fulfill the desired
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
functionality and it is exact in its precise weight measurement and price of
the stamp required.
This system is built upon using an 8051 microcontroller, which uses weight
sensor by a spring loaded variable resistor to determine the weight of the
particular letter placed on it. This data is processed through an ADC which is
interfaced to the microcontroller to generate an appropriate display on the
LCD, both in terms of weight and its corresponding stamp value required.
This project can be enhanced by integrating a mini printer with this system,
which can be used for printing the value of stamp for franking machines. It
can also be interfaced with a keypad and an EEPROM to store the price
details corresponding to its weight.
16) TAMPERED ENERGY METER INFORMATION CONVEYED TO
CONCERNED AUTHORITY BY WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
The main objective of this project is to send a message in the event of
energy meter being tampered. The alert message is sent via GSM modem to
the concerned authority. As electricity consumption is increasing, so is the
attempt for tampering the energy meter. Identifying a tampered meter is
only possible when the electricity board‟s authority manually checks it, which
is a time consuming and costly method. This proposed system is a possible
solution to detect meter tampering.
Energy meter is integrated with the system in such a way that if anybody
opens the cover of the meter, an IR sensing arrangement sends a command
to the microcontroller (8051 family). Microcontroller then senses a change in
the logical input from IR sensor and gives command to the GSM modem to
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
send an SMS to the designated mobile phone number stored in the
controller‟s memory. This information also gets displayed on an LCD.
The project in future can be enhanced by having an added feature of
disconnecting the supply to the load by electricity department through SMS
in case of any tampering of energy meter.
17) CYCLO CONVERTER USING THYRISTORS
The project is designed to control the speed of a single phase induction
motor in three steps by using cyclo convertor technique by thyristors. A.C.
motors have the great advantages of being relatively inexpensive and very
reliable. Induction motors in particular are very robust and therefore used in
many domestic appliances such as washing machines, vacuum cleaners,
water pumps, and used in industries as well. The induction motor is known
as a constant-speed machine, the difficulty of varying its speed by a cost
effective device is one of its main disadvantages.
As the AC supply frequency cannot be changed, so this project uses a
thyristor controlled cyclo converter which enables the control of speed in
steps for an induction motor. The microcontroller used in this project is from
8051 family, a pair of slide switches is provided to select the desired speed
range (F, F/2 and F/3) of operation of the induction motor. These switches
are interfaced to the microcontroller. The status of the switches enables the
microcontroller to deliver the pulses to trigger the SCR‟s in a dual bridge.
Thus, the speed of the induction motor can be achieved in three steps i.e.
(F, F/2 and F/3).
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
This very concept can be further enhanced and implemented to control the
speed of a three phase induction motor. It can also be coupled with firing
angle control for any desired speed. Note: An induction motor is used to
observe the output of the project. Motor is not supplied along with the kit.
However, it can be purchased on extra cost.
18) DISTANCE MEASUREMENT BY ULTRASONIC SENSOR
The project is designed to measure the distance of any object by using an
ultrasonic transducer. Ultrasonic means of distance measurement is a
convenient method compared to traditional one using measurement scales.
This kind of measurement is particularly applicable to inaccessible areas
where traditional means cannot be implemented such as high temperature,
pressure zones etc.
This proposed system uses an ultrasonic module interfaced to a
microcontroller of 8051 family. An ultrasonic transducer comprising of a
transmitter and receiver are used for the project. The transmitted waves are
reflected back from the object and received by the transducer again. The
total time taken from sending the waves to receiving it is calculated by
taking into consideration the velocity of sound. Then the distance is
calculated by a program running on the microcontroller and displayed on an
LCD screen interfaced to the microcontroller. The ultrasonic sensor produces
40 kHz sound waves.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
Further the project can be enhanced by using high frequency transducers to
make is fit for medical applications like ultrasound machine.
19) PORTABLE PROGRAMMABLE MEDICATION REMINDER
The aim of this project is to remind people who forget to take their
medicines on time. Elderly people because of their age usually forget to take
their medicines. This project will help to remind the patient to take his/her
medicine at prescribed time. The proposed system is best suited for elderly
people and people who are very busy, as this device will not only remind
them of their medicines with a buzzer sound but also displays the name of
the medicine to be taken at that time.
The patient can store the respective time of the particular medicine through
a matrix keypad. Based on an RTC (Real Time Clock) interfaced to the
microcontroller, the programmed time for medicine is displayed on the LCD
along with a buzzer sound to alert the patient about taking the appropriate
medicine. The microcontroller used in this project is of 8051 family. RTC
used maintains an accurate time as it is supported by a crystal.
This project in future can be enhanced by integrating it with GSM
technology, so that the patient receives a reminder about the medicine he
has to take via SMS on his/her cell phone. Also a provision to change the
name of the medicine can be incorporated by interfacing the device with a
PC or EEPROM (non-volatile memory).
20) IR OBSTACLE DETECTION TO ACTUATE LOAD
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The project is designed to actuate a load when IR rays are interrupted by
any object. his is helpful in industries for sensing movement of material in a
conveyor belt for any action to be taken.
The project uses 38 KHz IR signal generated feeding an IR diode which is
received by tuned IR receiver. These IR sensors are interfaced to a
microcontroller of 8051. The IR transmitter continuously transmits rays over
the receiver and when these rays are blocked by any object an interrupt is
sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller according to program written
performs the desired action. A lamp is used as load in this project for
demonstration purpose. This lamp is actuated by a relay which is interfaced
to the microcontroller output. So when the interrupt is sent to the controller,
it in turn switches ON the relay to actuate the load.
Further the project can be enhanced by using a counting arrangement with a
display. This arrangement will be helpful in manufacturing industries where
keeping a total count of production is required.
21) PROGRAMABLE ENERGY METER FOR ELECTRICAL LOAD SURVEY
The project is designed to evaluate consumption of any load in units and
cost in rupees as per the energy tariff and the number of hours the load is
going to be used. The evaluation is almost instantaneous thus assisting the
user to save hours of waiting time for the load survey.
An energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy consumption
with possible conservation in domestic sector or industrial environment etc.
As unit cost of electricity is very high these days it is essential to know if a
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
particular device or instrument is energy efficient or not. This system
proposes an energy auditing system for the instruments where the
microcontroller calculates the units that will be consumed by the loads and
the rupees that will be spent on it. The input data i.e. energy tariff and
number of hours the load is likely to be used, is given by the user through
push button switches. The relevant information is displayed on an LCD
interfaced with the microcontroller. The microcontroller used in the project is
of 8051 family.
Further the project can be enhanced by using a GSM modem interfaced to
the device for remote monitoring of these data over GSM network via SMS.
Even load control can also be achieved over SMS.
22) WIRELESS ELECTRONIC NOTICE BOARD USING GSM
Notice Board is primary thing in any institution / organization or public utility
places like bus stations, railway stations and parks. But sticking various
notices day-to-day is a difficult process. This project deals with an advanced
wireless notice board.
The main objective of this project is to develop a wireless notice board that
displays messages sent from the user‟s mobile. When a user sends a
message from his mobile phone, it is received by a SIM loaded GSM modem
at the receiver unit. The GSM modem is duly interfaced through level shifter
IC for establishing RS232 communication protocol to the microcontroller.
The message so received is thus sent to the microcontroller that further
displays it on electronic notice board which is equipped with a LCD display
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interfaced to a microcontroller from 8051 family duly powered by a
regulated power supply from mains supply of 230 volt ac.
Further development to this project can be done by providing message
storage facility by non-volatile memory i.e. EEPROM attached to the
microcontroller for retrieval of old messages if required. It can also be
expanded to a bigger LCD screen.
23) SUN TRACKING SOLAR PANEL
The project uses a solar panel coupled to a stepper motor to track the Sun
so that maximum sun light is incident upon the panel at any given time of
the day. This is better compared to light sensing method that may not be
accurate always for example during cloudy days.
With the impending scarcity of nonrenewable resources, people are
considering to use alternate sources of energy. From all other available
resources sun energy is the most abundant and it‟s comparatively easy to
convert it to electrical energy. Use of solar panel to convert sun‟s energy to
electrical is very popular, but due to transition of the Sun from east to west
the fixed solar panel may be able to generate optimum energy. The
proposed system solves the problem by an arrangement for the solar panel
to track the Sun.
This tracking movement is achieved by coupling a stepper motor to the solar
panel such that the panel maintains its face always perpendicular to the Sun
to generate maximum energy. This is achieved by using a programmed
microcontroller to deliver stepped pulses in periodical time intervals for the
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stepper motor to rotate the mounted panel as desired. The microcontroller
used in this project is from 8051 family. The stepper motor is driven by an
interfacing IC as the controller is not capable of handling the power
requirements of the stepper motor. The project is provided with a dummy
solar panel which can be used for demonstration purpose only.
Further the project can be enhanced by using RTC (Real Time Clock) to
follow the Sun. This helps in maintaining the required position of the panel
even if the power is interrupted for some time.
24) RAILWAY TRACK SECURITY SYSTEM
The project is designed to detect a crack, if any, on the railway track and
alert the respective railway department. This is to avoid rail accidents by
using latest communication technologies. In this project GSM communication
protocols are used to convey the message of crack detection via SMS.
This project uses a microcontroller from 8051 family. The primary objective
of this project is to detect the crack in the railway track and alert the nearby
station through effective and highly reliable communication mode. To
demonstrate this project, two rails forming the part of a track are made
using a pair of wire which is connected with a detachable jumper in between
each wire/track. Removing the detachable jumper creates a fault in the
respective track; otherwise it is generally shorted by the jumper wire to
simulate healthy track condition. Removing the jumpers result in driving
transistors delivering a different logic to the controller. The program
thereafter takes over to send an SMS through GSM modem interfaced
through a level shifter IC to the microcontroller. An LCD is also interfaced to
the MC to display the status of GSM and track condition.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
Thus the proposed model is designed to recognize the cracks in the railway
tracks and provides instant information to the concerned railway authorities.
The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230/12V, which steps
down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier.
The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter and it is then regulated to
+5V using a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the operation of
the microcontroller and other components.
25) SECURITY SYSTEM WITH USER CHANGEABLE PASSWORD
The main objective of this project is to provide a security system having the
provision to change the password by the authority only. The security of any
organization or house is of prime importance always. The concern is for the
physical property and also for the intellectual property in case of any
organization. This proposed system provides a user friendly security system
for organizations and homes. This system is password based and allows only
authorized person to access it with a password. It also has the provision of
changing the password.
The system is fully controlled by the 8 bit microcontroller of 8051 family. The
password is stored in an EEPROM, interfaced to the microcontroller and the
password can be changed any time unlike a fixed one burnt permanently on
to the microcontroller. A keypad is used to enter the password and a relay to
lock or unlock the electric door, which is indicated by a lamp. Any wrong
attempt to open the door (by entering the wrong password) an alert will be
actuated, indicated by another lamp.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
Further this project can be enhanced by interfacing a GSM modem to the
device so that when a wrong password is entered, an alert SMS will be sent
to the concerned authority.
26) DISH POSITIONING CONTROL BY IR REMOTE
The project is designed to develop a dish positioning system which can be
operated by using a conventional TV remote. The main application of using a
dish is to receive signal from satellites and other broadcasting sources. In
order to position the dish to the exact angle to receive the maximum signal
of a particular frequency, it needs to be adjusted manually.
In order to overcome the difficulty of adjusting manually, this proposed
system helps in adjusting the position of the dish through a simple TV
Remote. This system consists of two motors that enable the dish to move
both in horizontal and vertical direction. The TV remote acts as a transmitter
whose data is received by an IR receiver which is interfaced to a
microcontroller of 8051 family. The TV remote sends coded data to the
receiver whose output is then sent to the microcontroller. The
microcontroller sends control signals to the motors through an interface IC
also known as motor driver IC. The code followed by the TV remote is a
standard RC5 code. This code is used in the program to recognize the input
code from the TV remote for the controller to develop appropriate output
signal for the motor driver IC.
Further the project can be enhanced by using RF control instead of IR which
has got line of sight communication restrictions.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
27) SOLAR POWERERD LED STREET LIGHT WITH AUTO INTENSITY
CONTROL
The project is designed for LED based street lights with auto intensity control
using solar power from photovoltaic cells. As awareness for solar energy is
increasing, more and more individuals and institutions are opting for solar
energy. Photovoltaic panels are used for charging batteries by converting the
sunlight into electricity. A charge controller circuit is used to control the
charging.
Intensity of street lights is required to be kept high during the peak hours.
As the traffic on the roads tends to decrease slowly in late nights, the
intensity can be reduced progressively till morning to save energy. Thus, the
street lights switch ON at the dusk and then switch OFF at the dawn
automatically. The process repeats every day.
High Intensity Discharge lamps (HID) used for urban street light are based
on principle of gas discharge, thus the intensity is not controllable by any
voltage reduction method as the discharge path is broken. LED lights are the
future of lighting, because of their low energy consumption and long life they
are fast replacing conventional lights world over. White Light Emitting Diode
(LED) can replace the HID lamps where intensity control is possible by pulse
width modulation. The intensity control helps in saving energy during late
nights while traffic density on the streets is low. A programmable
microcontroller of 8051 family is engaged to provide different intensities at
the different times of night using PWM technique, for energy saving for solar
based system, using a charge controller for battery charging, overload and
deep discharge protection.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
Further the project can be enhanced by using time programmed dusk to
dawn switching based on latitude and longitude of a specific place. It can
also be interfaced to a LDR to follow the switching operation precisely.
28) INTEGRATED ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON GSM
PROTOCOL WITH ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FEATURE
The main objective of this project is to develop a device that controls the
home appliances through SMS with integrated acknowledgement feature.
Unlike the conventional system present in houses, where one has to
manually switch on and off the appliances. The proposed system allows the
owner of the house to control the appliances by just sending an SMS to the
device and then also receiving the status of the same via return SMS.
This is extremely convenient for users as they can control their house loads
any time and from any place in the world. An example of how this
technology can make our lives better is that when a person is travelling and
wishes that the moment he enters his room, it should be cool enough to
make him comfortable. In such a case, with the help of this system, he can
switch on the AC while he is travelling. An SMS is sent to the GSM modem
which is interfaced to the microcontroller. The modem receives the message
and sends the command to the microcontroller which processes this and
initiates a mechanism that activates a relay to control the corresponding
home appliance.
An added feature of this system is that the owner can get the status of all
the loads (whether on or off) in the house by sending a status query SMS to
the base station. All the status can also be seen on an LCD display interfaced
to the microcontroller.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
29) RFID SECURITY ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
The main objective of this project is to provide security in an organization by
allowing only the authorized personnel to access the secure area. The
security of any organization is a priority for the authorities. The concern is
for the physical property and also for the intellectual property. For this
reason only the authorized person with a valid RFID tag is allowed into the
secured premises.
This tag contains an integrated circuit that is used for storing and processing
information, modulating and demodulating the radio frequency signal that is
being transmitted. Thus, once the person shows the RFID tag to the card
reader it scans the data present in the tag and compares it with the data
present in the microcontroller. When the data matches with that in the
microcontroller, the load will be turned ON which is operated by a relay
being driven from the output of the microcontroller. If a valid tag is swiped
then the system displays a message “AUTHORIZED” else it states
“UNAUTHORIZED” and doesn‟t allow access. A lamp is used as an indication
besides the LCD display.
This project can be further enhanced by interfacing it with GSM technology.
Any attempt for unauthorized access can be intimated to the security
personnel through an SMS. It can also be interfaced with a finger print
module to reduce the drawback of RFID system i.e. exchanging RFID tags.
30) THEFT INTIMATION OF VEHICLE OVER SMS TO OWNER WHO CAN
STOP THE ENGINE REMOTELY
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The aim of this project is to use wireless technology to intimate the owner of
the vehicle about any unauthorized entry. This is done by sending an auto-
generated SMS to the owner. An added advantage of this project is that the
owner can send back the SMS which will disable the ignition of the vehicle.
As the crime rate is going up, security system for vehicles is extremely
essential. In this proposed system if someone tries to steal the car, the
microcontroller gets an interrupt through a switch mechanism connected to
the system and commands the GSM modem to send an SMS. The owner
receives the SMS that his car is stolen. He can then send back an SMS to the
GSM modem to „stop the engine‟. The GSM modem interfaced to the
microcontroller, receives the message, the output of which activates a
mechanism that disables the ignition of the vehicle resulting in stopping the
vehicle. The project uses a lamp to indicate the engine ON/OFF condition.
Thus, owner of the vehicle from anywhere can switch off ignition of his car.
This project can be further enhanced by integrating a GPS system, which will
give exact position of the vehicle in terms of its latitude and longitude.
Further this data can be sent to the owner via SMS who can enter this value
on Google maps to get the exact location of the vehicle
31) SINE PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (SPWM)
Sinusoidal PWM has been a very popular technique used in AC motor control.
This is a method that employs a triangular carrier wave modulated by a sine
wave and the points of intersection determine the switching points of the
power devices in the inverter. Though this method is unable to make full use
of the inverter‟s supply voltage and the asymmetrical nature of the PWM
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switching characteristics produces relatively high harmonic distortion in the
supply it is still popular for its simplicity.
This abstract describes the theory of SPWM and the project shall be made
using a programmed microcontroller of 8051 family duly interfaced to 3
phase inverter with 6 no‟s MOSFET from DC derived from a single phase or 3
phase ,50 Hz supply. The load shall be a three phase 50Hz motor, 440volt,
0.5 to 1 HP motor. Alternatively a star lamp load can be used to view the
waveform only. This project uses an 8051 family microcontroller duly
interfaced to the opto-isolators for feeding to the bridge drivers. 3 no‟s of
dual bridge drivers are used to feed 3 phase bridge inverter with the DC
supply developed from single phase AC after rectification. Powering the
circuit is achieved by a pair of control transformers with bridge rectifier and
filter capacitors. One set of this power is used for the microcontroller and the
other one is used for driving circuits of the three phase bridge.
Further this project can be enhanced by following Space Vector Pulse Width
Modulation Technique for higher efficiency and low harmonic distortion for
motors.
NOTE: A 3 phase induction motor of 0.5HP or 1HP is required to see the
output. Motor is not supplied along with the kit. However, it can be
purchased at extra cost.
32) WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER
The main objective of this project is to develop a device for wireless power
transfer. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas
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tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of
the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper
cables and current carrying wires. Based on this concept, the project is
developed to transfer power within a small range. This project can be used
for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected
electrically such as pace makers (An electronic device that works in place of
a defective heart valve) implanted in the body that runs on a battery. The
patient is required to be operated every year to replace the battery. This
project is designed to charge a rechargeable battery wirelessly for the
purpose. Since charging of the battery is not possible to be demonstrated,
we are providing a DC fan that runs through wireless power.
This project is built upon using an electronic circuit which converts AC 230V
50Hz to AC 12V, High frequency. The output is fed to a tuned coil forming as
primary of an air core transformer. The secondary coil develops a voltage of
HF 12volt. Thus the transfer of power is done by the primary(transmitter) to
the secondary that is separated with a considerable distance(say 3cm).
Therefore the transfer could be seen as the primary transmits and the
secondary receives the power to run load.
Moreover this technique can be used in number of applications, like to
charge a mobile phone, iPod, laptop battery, propeller clock wirelessly. And
also this kind of charging provides a far lower risk of electrical shock as it
would be galvanically isolated. This concept is an Emerging Technology, and
in future the distance of power transfer can be enhanced as the research
across the world is still going on.
33) SPEED CHECKER TO DETECT RASH DRIVING ON HIGHWAYS
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
The aim of this project is to develop a device to detect rash driving on
highways and to alert the traffic authorities in case of any speed violation.
Accidents due to rash driving on highways are on the rise and people are
losing their lives because of others mistakes. In the present system, to
detect rash driving the police has to use a handheld radar gun and aim at
the vehicle to record its speed. If the speed of the vehicle exceeds the speed
limit, nearest police station is informed to stop the speeding vehicle. This is
an ineffective process as after detecting one has to inform the same and a
lot of time is wasted.
The proposed system will check on rash driving by calculating the speed of a
vehicle using the time taken to travel between the two set points at a fixed
distance. A set point consists of a pair of sensors comprising of an IR
transmitter and an IR receiver, each of which are installed on either sides of
the road. The speed limit is set by the police who uses the system depending
upon the traffic at the very location. The time taken by the vehicle to travel
from one set point to the other is calculated by a microcontroller program.
Based on that time it then calculates the speed and displays that on an LCD.
Moreover if the vehicle crosses the speed limit, a buzzer sounds alerting the
police.
This concept can be extended in future by integrating a camera with the
system which could capture the image of the number plate of the vehicle to
sends that to the traffic authorities.
34) REMOTE JAMMING DEVICE
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
The project develops a remote jamming device which can jam the TV remote
rays. It develops IR rays of 38 KHz usually emitted by a standard TV remote.
The rays developed are powerful enough to overshadow the IR receiver in
TV.
This system is built by using a 555 Timer in the astable mode which is made
to produce the higher power pulses in the range of 38 KHZ emitted by an IR
diode. These rays while aimed at TV receiver disables the IR sensor built in
the TV. Thus, while any number is pressed on the TV remote, the IR rays
sent will not have any effect on TV.
Further the project can be enhanced by using powerful IR diodes such that it
can be operated from a long distance.
35) USING TV REMOTE AS A CORDLESS MOUSE FOR THE COMPUTER
USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER
The project is designed to use a TV remote as a cordless mouse for the
computer. A conventional PC/laptop uses a mouse to operate and control all
its applications. As a PC mouse is wired to the system, one has to sit near
the PC to operate it. This becomes very tedious when the PC is used for
presentation purposes (when using a projector). In this proposed system TV
remote can be used as a cordless mouse, and the user need not operate the
PC sitting near it.
A typical TV remote sends coded infrared data that is read by an IR sensor
interfaced to an 8051 family microcontroller. This data so received by the
microcontroller sends it to the COM port of a PC through a level shifter IC.
This IR code is traditionally RC5 code as followed by some manufacturers.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
Software named PC remote is used on the PC that recognizes data received
from the microcontroller through the COM port and performs the required
operation. Designated numbers on the TV remote are used to perform up -
down, right - left cursor movement. Features like left click and right click of
the mouse can also be performed with the TV remote.
Further this project can be enhanced using Bluetooth/ RF technology to
overcome the traditional line of sight communication drawbacks of the
infrared type.
36) PRE STAMPEDE MONITORING AND ALARM SYSTEM USING PIC
MICROCONTROLLER
The main objective of this project is to develop a pre warning system to
avoid stampede in places where large gathering of people take place.
In many religious places, political rallies and places where large public
gathering takes place there are chances for stampede to occur due to
various reasons. This proposed system warns in advance to authorities about
gathering of a large number of people in a particular place before any
stampede occurs. This project will help us develop a turbulent pedestrian
flow prediction and risk management system in most of pilgrimage places,
where stampede is often encountered owing to mass movement. This is
achieved when a large number of pressure switches are actuated as the
people start gathering in one place. The switches are interfaced to a
microcontroller of PIC16F8 family, when a certain number of switches are
pressed which exceeds the predefined number then microcontroller
generates an output to switch on a buzzer alerting the authorities about a
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
possible stampede. The status is also displayed on the LCD which is duly
interfaced to the microcontroller.
Further the project can be enhanced by interfacing a GSM modem to the
microcontroller so that a warning message is sent to the concerned
authorities via SMS.
37) PORTABLE PROGRAMMABLE MEDICATION REMINDER USING PIC
MICROCONTROLLER
The aim of this project is to remind people who forget to take their
medicines on time. Elderly people because of their age usually forget to take
their medicines. This project will help to remind the patient to take his/her
medicine at prescribed time. The proposed system is best suited for elderly
people and people who are very busy, as this device will not only remind
them of their medicines with a buzzer sound but also displays the name of
the medicine to be taken at that time.
The patient can store the respective time of the particular medicine through
a matrix keypad. Based on an RTC (Real Time Clock) interfaced to the
microcontroller, the programmed time for the medicine is displayed on the
LCD along with a buzzer sound to alert the patient about taking the
appropriate medicine. The microcontroller used in this project is of PIC16F8
family. RTC used maintains an accurate time as it is supported by a crystal.
This project in future can be enhanced by integrating it with GSM
technology, so that the patient receives a reminder about the medicine he
has to take via SMS on his/her cell phone. Also a provision to change the
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
name of the medicine can be incorporated by interfacing the device with a
PC or EEPROM (non-volatile memory).
38) SPEED SYNCHRONISATION OF MULTIPLE MOTORS IN
INDUSTRIES USING PIC MICRO CONTROLLER
The aim of this project is synchronization of multiple motors using wireless
technology. This project uses radio frequency to synchronize motor speeds.
This is applicable to many industries like textile mills, steel plants, and paper
plants wherein all the motors used on conveyor are desired to be
synchronized.
For example, in textile mills where multiple motors work simultaneously on a
conveyor belt to draw clothes, it is essential that all the motors there should
run at same speed, so that balanced tension is achieved to avoid clothes
getting damaged. In this project motors are wirelessly synchronized to make
the differential speed error among multiple motors to zero. One motor acts
as transmitter and all the rest as receivers. Thus, if a particular speed is set
in the transmitter then all other motors speed would be matched to the
same speed of the main motor. The mode of communication is radio
frequency. BLDC motors used operate on the basis of PWM control. Each
motor has a closed loop feedback mechanism providing RPM reference by a
shaft mounted IR sensor arrangement whose output is fed to the controller
in the circuit. A display unit displays the full speed and one can enter the
desired percentage with help of a keypad to obtain the required speed for all
the motors. The pulse width output from the microcontroller would be
automatically adjusted to maintain the DC power to the motor such that the
entered speed percentage matches the running RPM. The above operation is
carried out by using one opto isolator and a MOSFET for driving the BLDC
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motor duly interfaced from the microcontroller.
In various stages of operations motors have to rotate at different speeds, so
if we change the speed in transmitting motor then rest of the motors are
adjusted accordingly. The whole operation is made simple by using this
technology. Manpower and time is also saved in this system.
The future works include giving intelligence to the whole system like if any of
the motor senses any fault, the whole system will shutdown.
39) SYNCHRONIZED TRAFFIC SIGNALS AT VARIOUS JUNCTIONS
USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER
The objective of this project is to synchronize traffic lights at each junction in
such a way that the traffic moving at a specific speed always gets a green
light, so that it never stops.
Due to rapid urbanization and increase in population, the traffic congestion
has also increased in all major cities. This has become a major problem
affecting everybody. Due to unplanned traffic management and sticking to
outdated methods, problem has only deteriorated.
In this proposed system multiple microcontrollers are used. They
communicate with each other via serial communication. Three
microcontrollers are used to synchronize the traffic lights at three junctions.
Each microcontroller is responsible for one particular junction. If the vehicles
are assumed to travel at a particular speed, then the traffic signals change in
such a way, that the vehicle gets green signal which results in less traffic
congestion.
This kind of technology is used in modern automobiles where multiple
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
microcontrollers are used, as the number of microcontrollers increase, the
communication between them becomes essential for collective decision. For
communication among themselves serial communication is preferred and a
lot of serial buses and protocols were developed optimizing different
parameters of the communication. The major advantage of adopting this
technology is that, there is no need for any centralized body to monitor the
direction of traffic flow. As human involvement is negligible, there will be
little scope of human error.
Hence, this approach is boon for government and local authorities facing
financial constraints as they can‟t spend money on costly cameras and
software.
40) PASSWORD BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER
The project is designed to control a circuit breaker with help of a password
only. A keypad is connected to the project to enter the password. Fatal
electrical accidents to the line man are increasing during the electric line
repair due to the lack of communication and co-ordination between the
maintenance staff and the electric substation staff.
This proposed system provides a solution, which can ensure the safety of the
maintenance staff e.g. line man. The control to turn ON/OFF the line lies
with the line man only. This system has an arrangement such that a
password is required to operate the circuit breaker (ON/OFF). Line man can
turn off the supply and comfortably repair it, and return to the substation,
then turn on the line by entering the correct password.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
The system is fully controlled by a microcontroller from 8051 family. A
matrix keypad is interfaced to the microcontroller to enter the password. The
entered password is compared with the password stored in the ROM of the
microcontroller. If the password entered is correct, then only the line can be
turned ON/OFF. Activation / deactivation of the circuit breaker is indicated
by a lamp (ON/OFF).
Further the project can be enhanced by using an EEPROM for user to change
the password for a more secured system. It can also be interfaced with a
GSM modem for remotely controlling the circuit breaker via SMS.
41) THEFT INTIMATION OF THE VEHICLE OVER SMS TO OWNER WHO
CAN STOP THE ENGINE REMOTELY
The aim of this project is to use wireless technology to intimate the owner of
the vehicle about any unauthorized entry. This is done by sending an auto-
generated SMS to the owner. An added advantage of this project is that the
owner can send back the SMS which will disable the ignition of the vehicle.
As the crime rate is going up, security system for vehicles is extremely
essential. In this proposed system if someone tries to steal the car, the
microcontroller gets an interrupt through a switch mechanism connected to
the system and commands the GSM modem to send an SMS. The owner
receives the SMS that his car is stolen. He can then send back an SMS to the
GSM modem to „stop the engine‟. The GSM modem interfaced to the
microcontroller, receives the message, the output of which activates a
mechanism that disables the ignition of the vehicle resulting in stopping the
vehicle. The project uses a lamp to indicate the engine ON/OFF condition.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
Thus, owner of the vehicle from anywhere can switch off ignition of his car.
This project can be further enhanced by integrating a GPS system, which will
give exact position of the vehicle in terms of its latitude and longitude.
Further this data can be sent to the owner via SMS who can enter this value
on Google maps to get the exact location of the vehicle.
42) WAR FIELD SPYING ROBOT WITH NIGHT VISION WIRELESS
CAMERA
The project is designed to develop a robotic vehicle using RF technology for
remote operation attached with wireless camera for monitoring purpose. The
robot along with camera can wirelessly transmit real time video with night
vision capabilities. This is kind of robot can be helpful for spying purpose in
war fields. An 8051 series of microcontroller is used for the desired
operation.
At the transmitting end using push buttons, commands are sent to the
receiver to control the movement of the robot either to move forward,
backward and left or right etc. At the receiving end two motors are
interfaced to the microcontroller where they are used for the movement of
the vehicle. The RF transmitter acts as a RF remote control that has the
advantage of adequate range (up to 200 meters) with proper antenna, while
the receiver decodes before feeding it to another microcontroller to drive DC
motors via motor driver IC for necessary work. A wireless camera is
mounted on the robot body for spying purpose even in complete darkness by
using infrared lighting.
Further the project can be enhanced using DTMF technology. Using this
technology we can control the robotic vehicle by using cell phone. This
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
technology has an advantage over long communication range as compared
to RF technology.
43) FIRE FIGHTING ROBOTIC VEHICLE
The project is designed to develop a fire fighting robot using RF technology
for remote operation. The robotic vehicle is loaded with water tanker and a
pump which is controlled over wireless communication to throw water. An
8051 series of microcontroller is used for the desired operation.
At the transmitting end using push buttons, commands are sent to the
receiver to control the movement of the robot either to move forward,
backward and left or right etc. At the receiving end three motors are
interfaced to the microcontroller where two of them are used for the
movement of the vehicle and the remaining one to position the arm of the
robot. The RF transmitter acts as a RF remote control that has the
advantage of adequate range (up to 200 meters) with proper antenna, while
the receiver decodes before feeding it to another microcontroller to drive DC
motors via motor driver IC for necessary work. A water tank along with
water pump is mounted on the robot body and its operation is carried out
from the microcontroller output through appropriate signal from the
transmitting end. The whole operation is controlled by an 8051 series
microcontroller. A motor driver IC is interfaced to the microcontroller
through which the controller drives the motors.
Further the project can be enhanced by interfacing it with a wireless camera
so that the person controlling it can view operation of the robot remotely on
a screen.
44) FLASH FLOOD INTIMATION OVER GSM NETWORK
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The main objective of this project is to detect rising water level in a river at
a reasonable distance from the rail track/ roadways and intimate that to the
respective authorities through SMS, to take appropriate action.
For example, railways face major challenges in prior detection of possible
flash flood along the track, which might cause accidents. In this proposed
system, water level rise is sensed at a considerable distance from the tracks
and necessary action is initiated. Thus, many lives and properties can be
saved by this warning system.
In this project a water sensing arrangement is made which is interfaced to a
programmable microcontroller. During flash flood conditions if the device
senses a rise in water level beyond a danger mark at a considerable distance
from railway tracks, it will alert the station master via SMS. Hence, train
services of that route can be detained to prevent accidents. An LCD display
is also attached to indicate the status.
This project in future can be enhanced by adding a feature of changing the
stored phone number by the user as per his requirement. This can be
achieved by interfacing an EEPROM along with a keypad to the
microcontroller for storing the desired contact number.
45) SCADA (SUPERVISORY CONTROL & DATA ACQUISITION) FOR
REMOTE INDUSTRIAL PLANT
The main aim of the project is to process the real time data acquisition
under supervisory control for large scale remote industrial environment.
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In large industrial establishments many processes go on, therefore it is
essential to monitor all the processes and control the factors affecting them.
Adapting a technology like SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition) one can achieve the above mentioned objective effectively, and
thus saving a lot of manpower.
For achieving this real-time scenario, a temperature logging system for a
remote plant operation is taken. Here temperature sensors are duly
interfaced to the 8051 microcontroller. Data collected from the temperature
sensors are constantly sent to the microcontroller which is in turn connected
to a PC. At the front end, “DAQ System” (software) is loaded on the
computer which takes these values and displays them on its front panel, and
also logs them in the database. One can set parameters like set point, low
limit and high limit on the computer screen. When the temperature of a
sensor goes beyond set point the microcontroller sends a command to the
corresponding relay. The heaters (shown as lamps) connected through relay
contacts (corresponding to their sensors) are turned OFF (or ON in vice
versa). High limit and low limit features are available for generating an AV
alarm on the PC in the event of system failure.
Hence, processes at hazardous areas can be controlled with more accuracy
and better safety using SCADA. Adapting such a technology will save both
money and time. NOTE: This project works only on Windows XP operating
system. The computer must have a serial port (RS232) in it.
46) AUTOMATIC SURVELLIANCE CAMERA PANNING SYSTEM FROM
PC
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The project is designed for using surveillance camera on a panning platform
i.e. moving the camera, mounted on a DC motor in clockwise and
anticlockwise direction in periodic intervals. For security reasons,
surveillance cameras are used everywhere like roads, shops, colleges and
offices. Surveillance cameras are basically stationary devices therefore 360
degree coverage is not possible. However, 270 degree coverage is possible if
this proposed system is interfaced with the camera along with power to
control the panning speed. One can follow a moving object.
This system is interfaced with a PC where the input is given from keyboard
using hyper terminal. The functionality of this circuit is, that once the PC
sends a command to the microcontroller (of 8051 family) through level
shifter IC (used to convert the voltage level from PC to that of the
microcontroller), the microcontroller analyses this signal and activates the
motor driver to drive it at the desired speed. The program on the
microcontroller is executed based on the input signal from the PC to develop
output to drive the motor through motor driver IC.
Further this project can be enhanced by interfacing it to a tilt arrangement
for up and down movement besides 270 degree pan movement. It can also
be wirelessly controlled (using RF technology) to manually adjust the camera
movement or the stop the panning movement if desired with a RF remote.
NOTE: The project works only on operating systems having hyper terminal
(E.g. Windows XP). The computer must have a RS232 serial port.
47) CLOSED LOOP CONTROL FOR A BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR TO RUN
AT THE EXACTLY ENTERED SPEED
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The project is designed to control the speed of a BLDC motor using closed
loop control technique. BLDC motor has various application used in
industries like in drilling, lathes, spinning, elevators, electric bikes etc. The
speed control of the DC motors is very essential. This proposed system
provides a very precise and effective speed control system. The user can
enter the desired speed and the motor will run at that exact speed.
Based on the principle of PWM speed can be controlled. This is achieved by
keeping BLDC motor on closed loop feedback by giving RPM reference to the
microcontroller upon a shaft mounted IR reflection arrangement. An LCD
duly interfaced to the microcontroller to display the running speed. The
desired speed in percentage of full speed is fed with the help of keypad. The
controller delivers desired pulse width to automatically adjust the DC power
to the motor for required speed. The above operation is carried out by using
one opto-isolator and a MOSFET for driving the BLDC motor with IR sensing
for getting the speed reference to the microcontroller.
Further the project can be enhanced to a fully fledged fuzzy logic control of a
BLDC motor for industrial applications. It can also be developed for an
intelligent cruise control used in modern automobiles these days.
48) USING TV REMOTE AS A CORDLESS MOUSE FOR THE COMPUTER
The project is designed to use a TV remote as a cordless mouse for the
computer. A conventional PC/laptop uses a mouse to operate and control all
its applications. As a PC mouse is wired to the system, one has to sit near
the PC to operate it. This becomes very tedious when the PC is used for
presentation purposes (when using a projector). In this proposed system TV
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remote can be used as a cordless mouse, and the user need not operate the
PC sitting near it.
A typical TV remote sends coded infrared data that is read by an IR sensor
interfaced to an 8051 family microcontroller. This data so received by the
microcontroller sends it to the COM port of a PC through a level shifter IC.
This IR code is traditionally RC5 code as followed by some manufacturers.
Software named PC remote is used on the PC that recognizes data received
from the microcontroller through the COM port and performs the required
operation. Designated numbers on the TV remote are used to perform up -
down, right - left cursor movement. Features like left click and right click of
the mouse can also be performed with of the TV remote.
Further this project can be enhanced using Bluetooth/ RF technology to
overcome the traditional line of sight communication drawbacks of the
infrared type. NOTE: The project works only on operating systems having
hyper terminal (E.g. Windows XP). The computer must have a RS232 serial
port.
49) MOVEMENT SENSED AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING SYSTEM
The project is designed for automatic door opening system using PIR sensor.
Opening and closing of doors is always a tedious job, especially in places like
shopping malls, hotels and theatres where a person is always required to
open the door for visitors.
This project proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of door by
sensing any body movement near the door.This is achieved with help of a
PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor. A live body generally emits infrared energy
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which is sensed by the PIR sensor from a considerable distance. This sensing
signal is fed to a microcontroller to operate a door motor through motor
driver IC. When a body approaches within the operating range of the sensor,
it sends a logical command to open the door. The door automatically closes
with a fixed time delay. If there is no further movement within the PIR
operating range. Interrupt signals are used through limit switches to avoid
locked rotor condition of the motor.
Further this project can be enhanced interfacing a counting arrangement for
keeping a record of entry and exit of people at particular place. This can be
achieved by interfacing the system with an EEPROM (non-volatile memory)
to avoid loss of stored data even if the power fails.
50) RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING GATE CONTROL THROUGH SMS BY
THE STATION MASTER OR THE DRIVER
The project is designed to achieve control over the railway level crossing
gate through SMS sent by the station master or driver. Opening and closing
of railway level crossing involves manpower, which could be often erroneous
leading to accidents. The proposed system rules out the need of any human
involvement at the railway level crossing. This system involves opening and
closing of the level crossing gate with help of an SMS.
A GSM modem is interfaced with the system. When the driver or station
master sends an SMS “close” (when the train is approaching at the level
crossing) to the modem then the microcontroller interfaced to the modem
sends an output signal which activates a mechanism to switch on the motor
to close the gate. To open the gate, another SMS “open” needs to be sent
for the microcontroller to open the gate with help of motor driver IC. In this
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project we use a microcontroller of 8051 family, and the input to it is a GSM
modem which receives the SMS from the user. The output to microcontroller
is given to a motor through a motor driver IC for required operation. The
status, whether the gate is open / close is displayed on an LCD display
interfaced to the microcontroller.
Further the project can be enhanced by sending an acknowledgement to the
sender about the status of the gate via SMS.
51) DTMF BASED LOAD CONTROL SYSTEM
The project works on the principle of DTMF tone command so received from
any phone to remotely switch any electrical load such as agricultural pump,
domestic and industrial loads etc. In industries, the loads are spread over a
large area and thus, operating these loads is a very tiresome and difficult
task. In agricultural fields also, pumps and other loads are connected over a
large area and hence it is difficult for the farmer to operate all the loads and
similarly for house hold loads. Keeping these problems in mind, the
proposed system has been designed which uses DTMF technology to control
the loads remotely.
A cell phone is interfaced to a DTMF decoder in the system from its audio
output socket for receiving tone commands. The receiving cell phone codes
are converted into digital commands by using a DTMF Decoder which will
identify the frequency of the key and convert that frequency to its equivalent
digital code which is then fed to a microcontroller (8051 family). As per the
commands sent from the sender‟s mobile, the microcontroller will send
signals through a buffer to actuate the respective loads by turning the relays
ON/OFF. These relays are actuated by a relay driver IC interfaced to the
microcontroller.
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Further this project can be enhanced by using a GSM modem, where the
loads can be controlled by sending an SMS. This will eliminate the need of
answering the call for the system to work.
52) SYNCHRONIZED TRAFFIC SIGNALS
The objective of this project is to synchronize traffic lights at each
consecutive junction in such a way that the traffic moving at a specific speed
gets a green signal, so that it never stops.
Due to rapid urbanization and increase in population, the traffic congestion
has also increased in all major cities. This has become a major problem
affecting everybody. Due to unplanned traffic management and sticking to
outdated methods, problem has only deteriorated. In this proposed system
multiple microcontrollers are used. They communicate with each other via
serial communication. Three microcontrollers are used to synchronize the
traffic lights at three junctions as a model. Each microcontroller is
responsible for one particular junction. If the vehicles are assumed to travel
at a particular speed, then the traffic signals change in such a way, that the
vehicle gets green signal all through the junctions.
This kind of technology is used in modern automobiles where multiple
microcontrollers are used, as the number of microcontrollers increase, the
communication between them becomes essential for collective decision. For
communication among themselves serial communication is preferred and a
lot of serial buses and protocols were developed optimizing different
parameters of the communication. The major advantage of adopting this
technology is that, there is no need for any centralized body to monitor the
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direction of traffic flow. As human involvement is negligible, there will be
little scope of human error.
Hence, this approach is boon for government and local authorities facing
financial constraints as they can‟t spend money on costly cameras and
software.
53) PICK N PLACE WITH SOFT CATCHING GRIPPER
The project is designed to develop a pick n place robotic vehicle with a soft
catching gripper. For example, it can safely handle a bomb very carefully to
avoid explosion while catching. The robotic vehicle is RF controlled for
remote operation.
At the transmitting end using push buttons, commands are sent to the
receiver to control the movement of the robot either to move forward,
backward and left or right etc. At the receiving end four motors are
interfaced to the microcontroller where two for them are used for arm and
gripper movement of the robot while the other two are for the body
movement. The RF transmitter acts as a RF remote control that has the
advantage of adequate range (up to 200 meters) with proper antenna, while
the receiver decodes before feeding it to another microcontroller to drive DC
motors via motor driver IC for necessary work. The main advantage of this
robot is its soft catching arm that is designed to avoid extra pressure on the
suspected object for safety reasons.
Further the project can be enhanced by interfacing it with a wireless camera
so that the person controlling it can view operation of the arm and gripper
remotely.
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54) PARALLEL TELEPHONE LINES WITH SECURITY SYSTEM
The project is designed to maintain secrecy among four parallel telephones
connected to a single telephone line. When more than one phone is
connected to a single telephone line, anyone can lift a phone to hear the
conversation on the other one. The proposed system provides a solution for
the secrecy among the telephones connected. In order to meet this
requirement we are using 4 telephones connected in parallel through a
single telephone line with each telephone connected through a relay in the
system.
When any one of the telephone is lifted all other phones are disconnected by
the relays through an arrangement of opto-couplers, the output of which is
fed to a programmable microcontroller of 8051 family. The microcontroller
sends a signal to a 7 Segment display to display which telephone is lifted,
while other telephones are disconnected by the respective relays with help of
a Relay Driver IC interfaced to the microcontroller. This Project can be used
in houses and offices where more than one telephone is connected in parallel
through a single telephone line. The project is suitable for both incoming and
outgoing calls.
Further the project can be enhanced by adding more number of phones with
an intercom facility. An incoming caller id facility can also be added to it.
Note: The project needs 4 telephone instruments to be connected to the
board for the functioning of the project. Telephone instruments are not
provided with the kit.
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55) OBJECT DETECTION BY ULTRASONIC MEANS
The project is designed to demonstrate detection of any object ahead of the
ultrasonic transducer. It can be used for applications like security area
monitoring and wild life photography etc.
This ultrasonic detector consists of two parts: an emitter, which produces a
40 kHz sound wave; and a detector, which detects this 40 kHz sound wave
and sends the signal back to the microcontroller. The ultrasonic module is
interfaced to the microcontroller of 8051 family. Whenever any object
approaches near the ultrasonic module, the signal transmitted the
transmitter is reflected by this object and is received by the module. When
the microcontroller receives the signal from ultrasonic receiver it actuates
the output to take the appropriate action. An LCD is interfaced to the
microcontroller for displaying the status of the module like whether the
object is detected or not.
Further the project can be enhanced by interfacing a GSM modem to the
project so that, when the object is detected then the controller sends an
SMS to the user.
56) AUTO INTENSITY CONTROL OF STREET LIGHTS
White Light Emitting Diodes (LED) replaces HID lamps in street lighting
system to include dimming feature. A microcontroller of 8051 family is used
to control the intensity by developing pulse width modulated signals that
drives a MOSFET to switch the LEDs according to achieve desired operation.
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In the present system, mostly the lightning up of highways is done through
High Intensity Discharge lamps (HID), whose energy consumption is high.
Its intensity cannot be controlled according to the requirement so there is a
need to switch on to an alternative method of lightning system i.e., by using
LEDs. This system is build to overcome the present day drawbacks of HID
lamps. This system demonstrates the usage of the LED‟s (light emitting
diodes) as the light source and its variable intensity control, according to the
requirement. LED‟s consume less power and its life time is more, as
compared to the conventional HID lamps. The more important and
interesting feature is its intensity can be controlled according to the
requirement during non peak hours which is not feasible in HID lamps.
A cluster of LEDs are used to form a street light. The microcontroller
contains programmable instructions which controls the intensity of lights
based on the PWM (Pulse width modulation) signals generated. The intensity
of lights are kept high during the peak hours, as the traffic on the roads tend
to decrease slowly in the late nights, the intensity also decreases
progressively till morning. Final it completely shuts down at morning 6, and
again resumes at 6pm in the evening. The process is repeated.
This concept in future can be enhanced by integrating it with the solar panel,
which converts the solar intensity into corresponding voltage, and this
energy is used to feed up the highway lights.
57) AUTOMATIC WIRELESS HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM IN
HOSPITALS FOR PATIENTS
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In this project, a wireless communication system is designed and developed
for remote patient monitoring. The primary function of this system is to
monitor the temperature of a patient‟s body, and display the same to the
doctor through RF communication.
In hospitals, where patient‟s body temperature needs to be constantly
monitored, is usually done by a doctor or other paramedical staff by
constantly observing the temperature and maintaining a record of it. It is a
very tedious method. In this proposed system transmitting module
continuously reads patient‟s body temperature through a digital temperature
sensor, displays it on the LCD screen and sends it to the microcontroller
which transmits the encoded serial data over the air by RF (radio frequency)
through an RF module. At the receiving end, a receiver is used to receive the
data, decode it and feed it to another microcontroller which is then displayed
on an LCD screen. The receiver module is kept in the doctor‟s chamber to
continuously display the patient‟s body temperature wirelessly.
This project can be further enhanced by sensing and displaying other vital
statistics of a patient like blood pressure, pulse rate etc. Another feature can
be added where a warning signal is generated if the parameters cross the
safe limit.
58) PRECISE DIGITAL TEMPERATURE CONTROL
The project uses a digital temperature sensor for precise control of
temperature in medical applications or industries. This system is better than
analog/thermostat system, which has poor accuracy. For example, it can
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used for temperature control of an incubator where maintaining a precise
temperature is very important.
An incubator is an apparatus used to maintain temperature conditions
suitable for a neonate (newborn baby) and used particularly for preterm
births of babies. This proposed control system provides the temperature
information on a display and, when the temperature exceeds the set point,
then the load (i.e. heater) switches OFF. In this project a lamp is provided as
a load for demonstration purpose.
The system is using a microcontroller of 8051 family. Display unit consists of
four no‟s of seven segment display, and are interfaced to the
microcontroller. A digital temperature sensor interfaced to the
microcontroller for sensing the temperature conditions. This system also
provides four push button switches for adjusting the temperature settings.
Then the microcontroller continuously polls the temperature information
through a digital temperature sensor and displays over the 7_segment
display unit and automatically switches OFF the lamp, when the
corresponding temperature exceeds the set point.
59) OPTIMUM ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The project is designed to monitor the number of persons entering as well as
exiting a room. Electrical loads are switched ON as the first person enters
and switches OFF when the last person leaves. IR sensors used in
combination with microcontroller to monitor all the operations. This helps in
saving lot of energy.
There are two pair sensors, each kept at certain distance from the other.
One pair of sensor consists of a transmitter and a receiver, kept exactly
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opposite to each other. The transmitting part emits modulated IR light which
is received at the receiver end and fed to a microcontroller of 8051 family.
When a person enters the room then microcontroller senses it (with the help
of IR sensors) and increments the count and displays it on 7 segment
displays and also switches ON the load. In the same way when a person
exits the room, the count gets decremented. When the last person exits
from the room, the lamp is switched OFF. The load operation is handled by a
relay interfaced to the microcontroller.
Further the project can be enhanced by using timer arrangement in the
project so that if the load switching doesn‟t take place for some reason as
desired, then timer would complete the task after prefixed time.
60) FOUR QUADRANT DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL WITH
MICROCONTROLLER
The project is designed to develop a four quadrant speed control system for
a DC motor. The motor is operated in four quadrants i.e. clockwise; counter
clock-wise, forward brake and reverse brake. It also has a feature of speed
control.
The four quadrant operation of the dc motor is best suited for industries
where motors are used and as per requirement as they can rotate in
clockwise, counter-clockwise and also apply brakes immediately in both the
directions. In case of a specific operation in industrial environment, the
motor needs to be stopped immediately. In such scenario, this proposed
system is very apt as forward brake and reverse brake are its integral
features.
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Instantaneous brake in both the directions happens as a result of applying a
reverse voltage across the running motor for a brief period and the speed
control of the motor can be achieved with the PWM pulses generated by the
microcontroller. The microcontroller used in this project is from 8051 family.
Push buttons are provided for the operation of the motor which are
interfaced to the microcontroller that provides an input signal to it and in
turn controls the speed of the motor through a motor driver IC. Speed
control feature by push button operation is also available in this project.
This project can be enhanced by using higher power electronic devices to
operate high capacity DC motors. Regenerative braking for optimizing the
power consumption can also be incorporated.
61) SECURITY SYSTEM USING SMART CARD TECHNOLOGY
This project is designed to gain access to an area or control a device by
using a valid smart card only. The security of any organization is the top
most priority for the concerned authorities. For this reason only, the
authorized person with a valid smart card is allowed to operate the device/
to access a secure area. Earlier, human supervision was required to monitor
all these parameters, but with this proposed system no supervision is
required as only authorized persons are provided with valid smart cards to
operate devices.
A smart card reader is provided to read data from the card assigned to the
authorized personnel. The smart card reader is interfaced to an 8051 family
microcontroller. Whenever the data read by the smart card matches with the
data on the microcontroller then LCD would display that the card is
authorized and a relay is used simultaneously to switch ON a lamp
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(indicating a device or access to secure area). If an invalid card is inserted in
the smart card reader, it displays that the card is not authorized and the
load (i.e. lamp) remains OFF indicating that the user is not authorized to
access the particular area/device. This project can be enhanced further by
integrating GSM modem such that any attempt of unauthorized access is
made, then an alert SMS is sent to the concerned department.
Further it can be upgraded to RFID / Thumb / IRIS identification system for
higher degree of security system.
62) SPEED SYNCHRONISATION OF MULTIPLE MOTORS IN
INDUSTRIES
The aim of this project is synchronization of multiple motors using wireless
technology. This project uses radio frequency to synchronize motor speeds.
This is applicable to many industries like textile mills, steel plants, paper
plants wherein all the motors used on conveyor are desired to be
synchronized.
For example, in textile mills where multiple motors work simultaneously on a
conveyor belt to draw clothes, it is essential that all the motors there should
run at same speed, so that balanced tension is achieved to avoid clothes
getting damaged. In this project motors are wirelessly synchronized to make
the differential speed error among multiple motors to zero. One motor acts
as transmitter and all the rest as receivers. Thus, if a particular speed is set
in the transmitter then all other motors speed would be matched to the
same speed of the main motor. The mode of communication is radio
frequency. BLDC motors used operate on the basis of PWM control. Each
motor has a closed loop feedback mechanism providing RPM reference by a
shaft mounted IR sensor arrangement whose output is fed to the controller
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in the circuit. A display unit displays the full speed and one can enter the
desired percentage with help of a keypad to obtain the required speed for all
the motors. The pulse width output from the microcontroller would be
automatically adjusted to maintain the DC power to the motor such that the
entered speed percentage matches the running RPM. The above operation is
carried out by using one opto isolator and a MOSFET for driving the BLDC
motor duly interfaced from the microcontroller.
In various stages of operations motors have to rotate at different speeds, so
if we change the speed in transmitting motor then rest of the motors are
adjusted accordingly. The whole operation is made simple by using this
technology. Manpower and time is also saved in this system. The future
works include giving intelligence to the whole system like if any of the motor
senses any fault, the whole system will shutdown.
63) PRE STAMPEDE MONITORING AND ALARM SYSTEM
The main objective of this project is to develop a pre warning system to
avoid stampede in places where large gathering of people take place.
In many religious places, political rallies and places where large public
gathering takes place there are chances for stampede to occur due to
various reasons. This proposed system warns in advance to authorities about
gathering of a large number of people in a particular place before any
stampede occurs. This project will help us develop a turbulent pedestrian
flow prediction and risk management system in most of pilgrimage places,
where stampede is often encountered owing to mass movement. This is
achieved when a large number of pressure switches are actuated as the
people start gathering in one place. The switches are interfaced to a
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microcontroller of 8051 family, when a certain number of switches are
pressed which exceeds the predefined number then microcontroller
generates an output to switch on a buzzer alerting the authorities about a
possible stampede. The status is also displayed on the LCD which is duly
interfaced to the microcontroller.
Further the project can be enhanced by interfacing a GSM modem to the
microcontroller so that a warning message is sent to the concerned
authorities via SMS.
64) PC BASED ELECTRICAL LOAD CONTROL
The aim of this project is to control the electrical appliances through a
personal computer (PC). For example, theatre lighting can be centrally
controlled form the PC for better stage management. Presently, they are
manually managed which makes it difficult to coordinate the lighting with the
respective scene. With this system, one can control the electrical appliances
ON/OFF by just being seated at one place using a PC.
This system is integrated with the electrical loads and also connected to the
PC where centralized control takes place. It uses an RS-232 protocol from
the microcontroller to communicate with the PC. To turn on/off the
appliances, we use Hyper Terminal on PC. Once the connection is established
with the PC, then the system starts working. The microcontroller used in this
project belongs to 8051 family.
This project can be further enhanced by implementing a GUI based control
panel on the PC with appropriate embedded software. The intensity control
can also be incorporated using power electronics devices. Note: The project
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works only on operating systems having hyper terminal (E.g. Windows XP).
The computer must have a RS232 serial port.
65) UNIQUE OFFICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING RF
This project is a PC based communication tool in office for data(text)
transmission to a individual or multiple users using radio frequency
technology.
In most of the offices, if an employer has to convey a message to a
particular employee or a group of employees, he has to call them personally
or send the message through a middleman. But there is a possibility of
message to be misinterpreted and there is wastage of time.
In this proposed system, employer in an office will have a transmission
module while the employees will have one receiver module each. If the
employer wants to convey any message to employees or any particular
employee, he can send it through the transmitting module which is
connected to the PC. Receiver section consists of a module which receives
the data and feeds to the microcontroller that displays the message on an
LCD. A buzzer is also interfaced to the microcontroller on the receiver side,
which gives intimation that data is received. Adapting this technique one can
eliminate the need of a third person for communication, so that the exact
message is delivered to the desired person.
This project in future can be enhanced, by adding a feature of two way
communication between the employer and the employee(s).
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NOTE: The project works only on operating systems having hyper terminal
(E.g. Windows XP). The computer must have a RS232 serial port.
65) BIDIRECTIONAL ROTATION OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR WITH A
REMOTE CONTROL DEVICE
The project is designed to drive an induction motor for the required
application in forward and reverse directions using wireless technology. For
an example, an exhaust fan can be used in both the directions to fresh air in
and throw hot air out. This can be used in case of conventional exhaust a fan
that rotates in one direction only.
This proposed system demonstrates a technology to rotate a squril cage
induction motor in both clockwise and counter clockwise direction. It also
has the provision to control the direction of the motor using a TV remote.
When a TV remote button is pressed, it sends an IR signal in RC5 code which
is received by a IR receiver called TSOP-1738. Output from the TSOP is fed
to a microcontroller of 8051 family which is interfaced to a relay driver IC.
Thereafter, the relay switching is done in by-stable mode for an split-phase
induction motor to rotate in forward and reverse directions.
In future, it can further be enhanced by controlling the operation of
induction motor using thyristors in place of relays for noise free operation.
Note: An induction motor is used to observe the output of the project. Motor
is not supplied along with the kit. However, it can be purchased on extra
cost.
66) PRECISE ILLUMINATION CONTROL OF LAMP
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The project is designed to maintain precise illumination of a lamp. A
microcontroller of 8051 family is used along with thyristor controlled lamp
for maintaining the illumination.
Illumination of a lamp varies depending on the voltage applied to it. In
certain specific applications it is necessary to have controlled illumination as
per requirement. This system overcomes the faults in the present system
and provides a solution for light illumination control mechanism of the lamp.
This system is built by using an 8051 microcontroller and based on the
principle of firing angle control of thyristors, which in turn can control the
illumination of lamp. An LCD display unit is used, which displays entered
percentage of the illumination through a matrix keypad. The firing angle
control of thyristors is done by the microcontroller, according to the desired
percentage entered by the user. Based on this input the microcontroller will
automatically adjust the power delivered to the lamp through a solid state
switching mechanism.
Further the project can be enhanced by interfacing the current system with a
GSM modem. The user can send an SMS with the desired percentage of
illumination entered in it through his cell phone. The GSM modem accepts
this message and thus controls the illumination of the lamp through
microcontroller.
67) SPEED CONTROL UNIT DESIGNED FOR A DC MOTOR
The project is designed to control the speed of a DC motor using an 8051
series microcontroller. The speed of DC motor is directly proportional to the
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voltage applied across its terminals. Hence, if voltage across motor terminal
is varied, then speed can also be varied.
This project uses the above principle to control the speed of the motor by
varying the duty cycle of the pulse applied to it (popularly known as PWM
control). The project uses two input buttons interfaced to the
microcontroller, which are used to control the speed of motor. PWM (Pulse
Width Modulation) is generated at the output by the microcontroller as per
the program. The program can be written in Assembly language or in
Embedded C. The average voltage given or the average current flowing
through the motor will change depending on the duty cycle (ON and OFF
time of the pulses), so the speed of the motor will change. A motor driver IC
is interfaced to the microcontroller for receiving PWM signals and delivering
desired output for speed control of a small DC motor.
Further the project can be enhanced by using power electronic devices such
as IGBTs to achieve speed control higher capacity industrial motors.
68) THYRISTOR POWER CONTROL BY IR REMOTE
The project is designed to control the speed of an induction motor such as
fans, by using a standard TV remote. In home automation application,
convenience of remotely controlling the speed of the fan is achieved.
A standard TV remote sends coded infrared data to the control board, which
is then received by an IR sensor (at the receiver end) interfaced to a
microcontroller of 8051 family. Each time a button is pressed it sends a
specific coded data in infrared range. This coded data is executed by the
microcontroller to deliver delayed firing pulses to the thyristor through
optical isolation. The power to the load connected in series with the thyristor
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is controlled based on the received signal. Also the firing angle is displayed
on a 7-segment display. A lamp load shall be provided in place of a motor
whose varying intensity demonstrates the varying power to the motor for
speed control. A lamp is provided in place of an induction motor for
demonstration purpose.
Further the project can be enhanced by adding more outputs from the
microcontroller feeding relay drivers to switch ON/OFF the domestic loads
together with the speed control of fan.
69) THREE PHASE SOLID STATE RELAY WITH ZVS
The project is designed for a three phase solid state relay system. It
incorporates three single phase units where each phase is controlled
individually by a power triac with RC snubber network for zero voltage
switching.
Opto-isolators are used for each phase to receive switching signals from a
microcontroller of 8051 family. Loads are connected in series with a set of
triacs being driven by the opto-isolator. The microcontroller is designed to
generate output pulses after zero voltage pulse to ensure that the load is
getting switched on at zero cross of the supply waveform. The zero crossing
feature of the TRIAC driver, (an opto-isolator) ensures low noise generation
thus avoiding sudden inrush of current on resistive and inductive loads. Here
in this project we are using two push buttons for generating output pulses
from the microcontroller randomly, not coinciding with zero voltage supply
voltage of the waveform. Using a CRO or a DSO we can see the waveform of
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the voltage supplied to the load for verifying the switching of the load at the
zero voltage point.
Further the project can be enhanced by using 2 back to back SCRs ,in each
phase for heavy load switching as used in industries. Over load and short
circuit protection can also be incorporated for higher reliability.
70) AUTO POWER SUPPLY CONTROL FROM 4 DIFFERENT SOURCES:
SOLAR, MAINS, GENERATOR & INVERTER TO ENSURE NO BREAK
POWER
The main objective of this project is to provide uninterrupted power supply
to a load, by selecting the supply from any source out of 4 such as mains,
generator, and inverter and solar automatically in the absence of any of the
source. The demand for electricity is increasing every day and frequent
power cuts is causing many problems in various areas like industries,
hospitals and houses. An alternative arrangement for power source is a
must.
In this project uses four switches to demonstrate the respective failure of
that power supply. When any of the switches is pressed it shows the
absence of that particular source, switches are connected to microcontroller
as input signals. A microcontroller of 8051 family is used. The output of
microcontroller is given to the relay driver IC, which switches appropriate
relay to maintain uninterrupted supply to the load. The output shall be
observed using a lamp drawing power supply from mains initially. On failure
of the mains supply (which is actuated by pressing the appropriate switch)
the load gets supply from the next available source, say an inverter. If the
inverter also fails it switches over to the next available source and so on.
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The current status, as to which source supplies the load is also displayed on
an LCD. As it is not feasible to provide all 4 different sources of supply, one
source with alternate switches are provided to get the same function.
The project can be further enhanced by using other sources like wind power
also and then taking into consideration for using the best possible power
whose tariff remains lowest at that moment.
71) THYRISTOR CONTROLLED POWER FOR INDUCTION MOTOR
The project is designed to control AC power to a load by using firing angle
control of thyristor. Efficiency of such power control is very high compared to
any other method.
The project uses zero crossing point of the waveform which is detected by a
comparator whose output is then fed to the microcontroller. The
microcontroller provides required delayed triggering control to a pair of SCRs
through opto isolator interface. Finally the power is applied to the load
through the SCRs in series. This project uses a microcontroller from 8051
family which is interfaced through a push button switch for increasing or
decreasing the AC power to the load. A lamp is used in place of an induction
motor whose varying intensity demonstrates the varying power to the
motor. The varying power results in variation in speed of the motor.
The project can be further enhanced by using direct 230 volt supply instead
of 12 volt AC to the bridge rectifier for achieving higher voltage control for
charging number of batteries in series.
72) LAMP LIFE EXTENDER BY ZVS (ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCHING)
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The project is designed to develop a device to increase the life of
incandescent lamps. Incandescent lamps exhibit very low resistance in cold
condition due to which it draws high current while switched ON, resulting in
fast failure.
Random switching of lamps may switch the load at peak supply voltage.
When such switching occurs while the lamp is having low resistance (cold
condition) then the current further shoots up (at the time of peak supply
voltage switch ON) leading to premature failure of the lamp. The proposed
project provides a solution by engaging a TRIAC in such a way that the
switch ON time is precisely controlled by exactly firing it after detecting the
zero cross point of the waveform of supply voltage. This would result in
current waveform rising from zero at the time of switch to full value, thereby
increasing the life of the lamp. The project is having comparator which is
used for ZVS output. The ZVS (zero voltage switching) is given as reference
interrupt to the microcontroller of 8051 family. A push button is used for
switching ON the lamp at zero voltage of the supply voltage so the lamp
draws current gradually from zero to full value.
Further the project can be enhanced by using three TRIACS, one in each
phase for three phase load switching.
73) INDUSTRIAL POWER CONTROL BY INTEGRAL CYCLE SWITCHING
WITHOUT GENERATING HARMONICS
The project is designed to achieve integral cycle switching, a method to
remove whole cycle, cycles or portions of cycles of an AC signal. It is a well-
known and old method of controlling AC power, especially across linear loads
such as heaters used in electric furnace. However the concept of achieving
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the cycle stealing of voltage waveform by use of microcontroller can be very
precise as per the program written in assembly / C language so that the
actual time-average voltage or current experienced at the load is
proportionately lower than the whole signal if applied to the load. In place of
a linear load to be used in the output, a series motor or lamp can be used to
verify the output. One side effect of utilizing this scheme is an imbalance in
the input current or voltage waveform as the cycles are switched on and off
across the load.
In this project we are using comparator for zero crossing detection which is
fed as an interrupt to microcontroller of 8051 family. Here the
microcontroller delivers the output based on the interrupt received as the
reference for generating triggering pulses. Using these pulses, we drive the
opto-isolators for triggering the TRIAC to achieve integral cycle control as
per the input switches interfaced to the microcontroller. A lamp is provided
in this project in place of a motor for demonstration purpose.
Further this project can be enhanced by using feedback mechanism to
automatically maintain desired output to the load by appropriate cycle
stealing.
74) INDUSTRIAL BATTERY CHARGER BY THYRISTOR FIRING ANGLE
CONTROL
The project is designed for charging batteries by DC from AC power supply.
DC power for a battery charger is derived from a thyristor controlled rectifier
system. AC power is applied to a bridge rectifier comprising of diodes and a
triac getting desired control from microcontroller.
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The project uses zero crossing point of the waveform which is detected by a
comparator whose output is then fed to the microcontroller. The
microcontroller provides required delayed triggering control to a triac
through opto isolator interface. Finally the power is applied to the load
through the triac in series with the bridge rectifier. The rectified and
controlled DC output is given to the load i.e., a resistor used in our project in
place of a battery. The output DC voltage is measured using a multimeter.
This project uses a microcontroller from 8051 family which is interfaced
through push button switches used for increasing or decreasing the DC
voltage for proper charging purposes.
The project can be further enhanced by using direct 230 volt supply instead
of 12 volt AC to the bridge rectifier for achieving higher voltage control for
charging number of batteries in series.
75) OBJECT COUNTER WITH 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
The project is designed to monitor the counting operations in industries. For
example, products moving on a conveyor belt are counted by IR interruption
concept and displayed on a seven segment display.
There are two pair sensors, each kept at certain distance from the other.
One pair of sensor consists of a transmitter and a receiver, kept exactly
opposite to each other. The transmitting part emits modulated IR light which
is received at the receiver end and fed to a microcontroller of 8051 family.
When an object passes through the sensors then microcontroller gets
interrupt signal (from IR sensors) and increments the count to displays it on
7 segments displays. Count down is also achieved if the object moves in
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reverse direction. This project can also be used in any public transport/trains
to count the number of passengers for monitoring purpose.
Further the project can be enhanced by interfacing it with a warning system
so that if total number of occupants in the vehicle exceeds the passenger
carrying capacity then an alarm is generated by the device.
76) ULTRA FAST ACTING ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT BREAKER
The project is designed to shut down the power supply when it is
overloaded. Conventional circuit breaker like MCB based is on thermal
bimetal lever trip mechanism. It is very slow and the trip time is dependent
upon the percentage of overload. This project senses the current passing
through a series element and the corresponding voltage drop is compared
against the preset voltage proportional to the current by a level comparator
to generate an output for the load to trip.
The concept of electronic circuit breaker came into focus realizing that
conventional circuit breakers such as MCBs take longer time to trip.
Therefore, for sensitive loads it is very important to activate the tripping
mechanism at the shortest possible time, preferably instantaneously. This
project is demonstrates fast tripping mechanism as against the slow one like
MCB. Electronic circuit breaker is based on the voltage drop across a series
element proportional to the load current, typically a low value resistor. This
voltage is sensed and rectified to DC which is and then compared with a
preset voltage by a level comparator to generate an output that drives a
relay through a MOSFET to trip the load. The unit is extremely fast and
overcomes the drawback of the thermal type. It uses a microcontroller from
8051 family.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
Further the project can be enhanced by using a CT for galvanic isolation
between mains and control circuit. Power electronic devices such as
thyristors / IGBTs can be used for ultra fast operation compared to all the
methods.
77) AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM ON SENSING SOIL MOISTURE
CONTENT
The project is designed to develop an automatic irrigation system which
switches the pump motor ON/OFF on sensing the moisture content of the
soil. In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is
important. The advantage of using this method is to reduce human
intervention and still ensure proper irrigation.
The project uses an 8051 series microcontroller which is programmed to
receive the input signal of varying moisture condition of the soil through the
sensing arrangement. This is achieved by using an op-amp as comparator
which acts as interface between the sensing arrangement and the
microcontroller. Once the controller receives this signal, it generates an
output that drives a relay for operating the water pump. An LCD display is
also interfaced to the microcontroller to display status of the soil and water
pump. The sensing arrangement is made by using two stiff metallic rods
inserted into the field at a distance. Connections from the metallic rods are
interfaced to the control unit.
The concept in future can be enhanced by integrating GSM technology, such
that whenever the water pump switches ON/OFF, an SMS is delivered to the
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concerned person regarding the status of the pump. We can also control the
pump through SMS.
78) TOUCH SCREEN BASED INDUSTRIAL LOAD SWITCHING
The objective of this project is electrical load control in hazardous industrial
environment with touch screen based switching system. Conventional
switches produce sparks which is potentially dangerous for industries where
inflammable gases are present. In such a scenario it is always advisable to
go for a control system involving touch screen based switches. Owners
familiar with the icon system appreciate touch screens that make industrial
load control user friendly. This kind of system makes operations simpler and
thus reduces errors.
In order to achieve this, a touch screen panel is interfaced to the
microcontroller. By touching a specific portion of this module the loads can
be turned ON/OFF. The microcontroller used here is of 8051 family. This kind
of technology gives control over various loads thus providing comfort,
security and efficiency for the users.
Further the project can be enhanced by using RF technology. A touch panel
is connected to a RF transmitter. So, instead of using a standalone control
unit, by using RF technology the switching of the loads can be done
wirelessly.
79) DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEM
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The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal
system. The signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic
density at the junction. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major
cities across the world and it has become a nightmare for the commuters in
these cities.
Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to
each side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic
density. Junction timings allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density
at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to
standard allotted time. The proposed system using a microcontroller of 8051
family duly interfaced with sensors, changes the junction timing
automatically to accommodate movement of vehicles smoothly avoiding
unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project
are IR and photodiodes are in line of sight configuration across the loads to
detect the density at the traffic signal. The density of the vehicles is
measured in three zones i.e., low, medium, high based on which timings are
allotted accordingly.
Further the project can be enhanced by synchronizing all the traffic junctions
in the city by establishing a network among them. The network can be wired
or wireless. This synchronization will greatly help in reducing traffic
congestion.
80) TOUCH SCREEN BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM
The main objective of this project is to develop a home automation system
with a touch screen based control panel.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
As technology is advancing so houses are also getting smarter. Modern
houses are gradually shifting from conventional switches to centralized
control system, involving touch screen switches. Presently, conventional wall
switches located in different parts of the house makes it difficult for the user
to go near them to operate. Even more it becomes more difficult for the
elderly or physically handicapped people to do so. Remote controlled home
automation system provides a simpler solution with touch screen
technology. Touch screen control panels are also designed for commercial,
industrial and medical systems.
In order to achieve this, a touch panel is interfaced to the microcontroller on
transmitter side which sends ON/OFF commands to the receiver where loads
are connected. By touching the specified portion on the touch screen panel,
the loads can be turned ON/OFF remotely through wireless technology. The
microcontroller used here is of 8051 family. The loads are interfaced to the
microcontroller using opto-isolators and triacs.
Further the project can be enhanced by using GSM modem interfaced to the
control unit. Using GSM modem, the user can control home appliances by
sending an SMS. Advantage of using this technology is that there is not
range limitation when compared to RF technology.
81) IR CONTROLLED ROBOTIC VEHICLE
The project is designed to control a robotic vehicle using a standard TV
remote. IR sensor is interfaced to the control unit on the robot for sensing
the IR signals transmitted by the remote. This data is conveyed to the
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control unit which moves the robot as desired. An 8051 series
microcontroller is used in this project as control device.
Transmitting end uses a TV remote through which IR commands are
transmitted. At the receiver end, these commands are used for controlling
the robot in all directions such as forward, backward and left or right etc. At
the receiving end the movement is achieved by two motors that are
interfaced to the microcontroller. RC5 based coded data sent from the TV
remote is received by an IR receiver interfaced to the microcontroller. The
program on the microcontroller refers to the RC5 code to generate
respective output based on the input data to operate the motors through a
motor driver IC.
The motors are interfaced to the control unit through motor driver IC.
Further the project can be enhanced by DTMF technology. With this
technology we can control the robotic vehicle by a cell phone. This
technology has an advantage over long communication range as compared
to line of sight communication in IR technology.
82) AUTOMATIC BELL SYSTEM FOR INSTITUTIONS
The project is designed to operate an electric bell number of times as
required in an institution. It overcomes the difficulties of switching the bell
ON/OFF manually. This proposed has an inbuilt real time clock (RTC) to keep
tracking the time and thus to switch ON/OFF the load accordingly.
The project uses a real time clock (RTC) interfaced to a microcontroller of
8051 family. While the set time equals to the real time, then microcontroller
gives command to the corresponding relay to turn ON the bell and then
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another command to switch OFF as per the program. Multiple ON/OFF time
entry is the biggest advantage with this project. A matrix keypad helps
entering the time. A 7-sement display is interfaced to the microcontroller to
display time.
Further the project can be enhanced by interfacing a GSM modem to the
existing project so that the complete control of the bell can be done by
sending an SMS to the control unit.
83) CELL PHONE CONTROLLED ROBOTIC VEHICLE
The project is designed to develop a robotic vehicle that is controlled by a
cell phone. DTMF commands from a phone are sent to another cell phone
which is mounted on the robot. These commands are fed to a
microcontroller of 8051 family to operate the vehicle movement through
motor interface.
The main scope of project is to send commands from one cell phone to be
received by another cell phone mounted on the robot to receive the DTMF
(Dual Tone Multi Frequency) mode commands which are then decoded by a
DTMF decoder. The corresponding codes are then fed to a microcontroller,
programmed to recognize those codes to operate 2nos DC motors through
motor driver IC for any direction movement as per the sent commands from
sender‟s mobile. The motors are controlled using motor driver IC which is
interfaced to the microcontroller. It uses microcontroller from 8051 family
and a battery for power source.
Further the project can be enhanced by interfacing it with additional motors
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
for multipurpose activity. For example, it can be developed into pick n place
robot or fire fighting robot with water pump etc.
84) METAL DETECTOR ROBOTIC VEHICLE
The project is designed to develop a robotic vehicle that can sense metals
ahead of it on its path similar to sensing land mines. The robot is controlled
by a remote using RF technology. It consists of a metal detector circuit
interfaced to the control unit that alarms the user behind it about a
suspected land mine ahead. An 8051 series of microcontroller is used for the
desired operation.
At the transmitting end using push buttons, commands are sent to the
receiver to control the movement of the robot either to move forward,
backward and left or right etc. At the receiving end two motors are
interfaced to the microcontroller where they are used for the movement of
the vehicle. The RF transmitter acts as a RF remote control that has the
advantage of adequate range (up to 200 meters) with proper antenna, while
the receiver decodes before feeding it to another microcontroller to drive DC
motors via motor driver IC for necessary work. A metal detector circuit is
mounted on the robot body and its operation is carried out automatically on
sensing a any metal underneath. As soon as the robot senses this metal it
generates an alarm sound. This is to alert the operator of a possible metal
(eg: land mine) ahead on its path.
Further the project can be enhanced by mounting a wireless camera on the
robot so that the operator can control the movement of the robot remotely
by watching it on a screen.
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85) RFID BASED PASSPORT DETAILS
The main functionality of this project is to access the passport details of a
passport holder through RFID technology. For this purpose the authorized
person is given an RFID card. This card contains an integrated circuit that is
used for storing, processing information through modulating and
demodulating of the radio frequency signal that is being transmitted. Thus,
the data stored in this card is referred as the passport details of the person.
Passport verification and checking is a very time consuming process. This
proposed system simplifies the process by giving the authorized person an
RFID tag containing all the passport details like name, passport number and
nationality etc. Once, the person places the card in front of the RFID card
reader, it reads the data and verifies it with that data present in the system
and if it matches then it displays the details of the passport holder. Here we
use microcontroller from 8051 family. For display a 16X2 LCD is used. The
status also can be retrieved from this system by pressing the status button
interfaced to a microcontroller.
Further the project can be enhanced by using finger printer module. This
overcomes the drawbacks of RFID and provides high level of security in the
system.
86) RFID BASED DEVICE CONTROL AND AUTHENTICATION USING
PIC MICROCONTROLLER
The main objective of this project is to provide security in an organization by
allowing only the authorized personnel to access the secure area.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
The security of any organization is a priority for the authorities. The concern
is for the physical property and also for the intellectual property. For this
reason only the authorized person with a valid RFID tag is allowed into the
secured premises.
This tag contains an integrated circuit that is used for storing and processing
information and modulating, demodulating the radio frequency signal that is
being transmitted. Thus, once the person shows the RFID tag to the card
reader it scans the data present in the tag and compares it with the data
present in the system. When the data matches with that in the
microcontroller, the load will be turned ON which is driven by a relay and it
displays a message as AUTHORIZED else states “UNAUTHORIZED” and
doesn‟t allow access.
This project can be further enhanced by interfacing it with GSM technology.
Any attempt for unauthorized access can be intimated to the security
personnel through an SMS.
87) STREET LIGHT THAT GLOWS ON DETECTING VEHICLE
MOVEMENT
The project is designed to detect vehicle movement on highways to switch
ON only a block of street lights ahead of it (vehicle), and to switch OFF the
trailing lights to save energy. During night all the lights on the highway
remain ON for the vehicles, but lots of energy is wasted when there is no
vehicle movement.
This proposed system provides a solution for energy saving. This is achieved
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by sensing an approaching vehicle and then switches ON a block of street
lights ahead of the vehicle. As the vehicle passes by, the trailing lights
switch OFF automatically. Thus, we save a lot of energy. So when there are
no vehicles on the highway, then all the lights remain OFF. However, there is
another mode of operation where instead of switching OFF the lights
completely, they remain ON with 10% of the maximum intensity of the light.
As the vehicle approaches, the block of street lights switch to 100% intensity
and then as the vehicle passes by, the trailing lights revert back to 10%
intensity again. High intensity discharge lamp (HID) presently used for urban
street light are based on principle of gas discharge, thus the intensity is not
controllable by any voltage reduction. White Light Emitting Diode (LED)
based lamps are soon replacing the HID lamps in street light. Intensity
control is also possible by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) generated by the
microcontroller. Sensors used on either side of the road senses vehicle
movement and sends logic commands to microcontroller to switch ON/OFF
the LEDs. Thus this way of dynamically changing intensity ON/OFF helps in
saving a lot of energy. The project uses a PIC series microcontroller.
Further the project can be enhanced by using appropriate sensors for
detecting the failed street light and then sending an SMS to the control
department via GSM modem for appropriate action.
88) DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEM USING PIC
MICROCONTROLLER
The project is designed to develop a density based dynamic traffic signal
system. The signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic
density at the junction. Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many major
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
cities across the world and it has become a nightmare for the commuters in
these cities.
Conventional traffic light system is based on fixed time concept allotted to
each side of the junction which cannot be varied as per varying traffic
density. Junction timings allotted are fixed. Sometimes higher traffic density
at one side of the junction demands longer green time as compared to
standard allotted time. The proposed system using a microcontroller of
PIC16F8 series duly interfaced with sensors, changes the junction timing
automatically to accommodate movement of vehicles smoothly avoiding
unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The sensors used in this project
are IR and photodiodes are in line of sight configuration across the loads to
detect the density at the traffic signal. The density of the vehicles is
measured in three zones i.e., low, medium, high based on which timings are
allotted accordingly.
Further the project can be enhanced by synchronizing all the traffic junctions
in the city by establishing a network among them. The network can be wired
or wireless. This synchronization will greatly help in reducing traffic
congestion.
89) SOLAR ENERGY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
The aim of this project is to measure solar cell parameters through multiple
sensor data acquisition. In this project a solar panel is used which keeps
monitoring the sunlight. Here different parameters of the solar panel like the
light intensity, voltage, current and the temperature are monitored. The
microcontroller used here is PIC16F8 family.
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The light intensity is monitored using an LDR sensor, voltage by voltage
divider principle, current by current sensor and temperature by temperature
sensor. All these data are displayed on a 16X2 LCD interfaced to PIC micro
controller.
The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230/12V, which steps
down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to DC using a bridge rectifier.
The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter and it is then regulated to
+5V using a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the operation of
microcontroller and other circuits.
90) GSM BASED ENERGY METER READING WITH LOAD CONTROL
USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER
The main objective of the project is to develop a GSM based energy meter
reading system and load control through SMS. Electricity department sends
employees to take meter reading every month, which is an expensive and
time consuming job. The proposed project provides a convenient and
efficient method to avoid this problem. The electricity department and the
user can get the readings of the energy meter of consumers via SMS. The
loads can also be controlled by the user of this system via SMS using this
project.
A microcontroller input is effectively interfaced to a digital energy meter that
takes the reading from the energy meter and displays the same on an LCD.
The reading of the energy meter is also sent to the control room by an SMS
via SIM loaded GSM modem. This GSM modem can also receive commands
from the cell phone to control the owner‟s electrical loads. It uses a standard
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digital energy meter that delivers output pulses to the microcontroller to
perform counting for necessary action. On receiving command it can switch
ON/OFF the loads.
Further this project can be interfaced with a non volatile memory IC like
EEPROM along with a keypad so that the user the change the mobile number
as per the requirement.
91) TV REMOTE OPERATED DOMESTIC APPLIANCES CONTROL
The project is designed to operate electrical loads using a TV remote. The
remote transmits coded infrared data which is then received by a sensor
interfaced to the control unit. The system operates electrical loads
depending on the data transmitted from the TV remote. Operating
conventional wall switches is difficult for elderly or physically handicapped
people. This proposed system solves the problem by integrating house hold
appliances to a control unit that can be operated by a TV remote.
RC5 based coded data sent from the TV remote is received by an IR receiver
interfaced to the microcontroller of 8051 family. The program on the
microcontroller refers to the RC5 code to generate respective output based
on the input data to operate a set of relays through a relay driver IC. The
loads are interfaced to the control unit through the relays. The system can
be used in existing domestic area for either operating the loads through
conventional switches or with the TV remote.
The project can be enhanced by using radio frequency technology where the
operational range shall be independent of line of sight distance as often
encountered with IR type of remote control.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
92) DISCOTHEQUE LIGHT STROBOSCOPIC FLASHER
Stroboscopic lighting effects for discotheques are achieved by using
conventional white LEDs replacing the discharge lamps for higher efficiency
at low cost. This control is possible by instantly switching the LEDs on & off
at higher voltages for less time period. This fast control of intensity from full
glow to full off helps in developing a stroboscopic effect which is generally
used in disco dance floors for better effects.
A programmable microcontroller from 8051 family is engaged to provide
such effect being driven by a MOSFET for cluster of LEDs. The controller
according to the program generates ON/OFF commands at high rate thus
giving the effect of stroboscopic lights. As the controller gives only 5v drive,
it is not possible for the MOSFET to be reliably switched ON at that voltage.
An interfacing transistor is used between the controller output and the
MOSFET for driving the same.
The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230/12V, which steps
down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier.
The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter and it is then regulated to
+5V using a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the operation of
the microcontroller and other components.
93) BEACON FLASHER USING MICROCONTROLLER
This project is designed to provide flashing lamp simulating a beacon light
generally used in shipyards, sea shores etc. It is also used in middle of the
sea to warn ships about the hidden rocks.
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
A programmable microcontroller from 8051 family is engaged to provide
flashing light at periodical intervals as per the practice followed at sea
shores, shipyards etc. A low voltage lamp of 12V is driven by a power
MOSFET in PWM mode which is derived from a microcontroller. The duty
cycle of the PWM has to be changed depending on the type of application. As
the controller gives only 5v drive, it is not possible for the MOSFET to be
reliably switched ON at that voltage. An interfacing transistor is used
between the controller output and the MOSFET for driving the same.
Further the project can be enhanced by using a high power 230V lamp in
combination with solid state switching for better visibility.
94) TOUCH SCREEN BASED REMOTE CONTROLLED ROBOTIC VEHICLE
FOR STORES MANAGEMENT
The project is designed to control a robotic vehicle with a touch screen
display unit for remote operation. The touch screen remote control is used at
the transmitting side to transmit RF control signals. At the receiving end, a
pick n place robotic vehicle is used to respond to those signals and perform
the task. An 8051 series of microcontroller is used for the desired operation.
At the transmitting end using a touch screen control unit, commands are
sent to the receiver to control the movement of the robot either to move
forward, backward and left or right etc. At the receiving end four motors are
interfaced to the microcontroller where two for them are used for arm and
gripper movement of the robot while the other two are for the body
movement. The RF transmitter acts as a RF remote control that has the
advantage of adequate range (up to 200 meters) with proper antenna, while
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www.projectspals.com 09271412204
the receiver decodes before feeding it to another microcontroller to drive DC
motors via motor driver IC for necessary work. The main advantage of this
robot is its soft catching arm that is designed to avoid extra pressure to be
applied on the object.
Further the project can be enhanced by interfacing it with a wireless camera
so that the person controlling it can view operation of the arm and gripper
remotely.