• The Arabic republic of Egypt, a country in north-eastern África, is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea.

• The capital city is: Cairo

Flag/ national anthem/ official language/currency.

• Official language Arabic

• Currency: Egyptian pound.

• Egypth is bordered by Libia to the west • The principal geography feature of the country is

the Nile river • Egypth includes parts of the Sahara desert and of

the libian desert.• Important towns • Alexandria • Aswan• Asyut• Cairo • Giza • Hurghada• Luxor• Port said • Suez

• Egypt’s climate is arid, with hot, dry summers and warm winters

• Egypt does not receive much rainfall except in the winter months

• Snow falls on Sinai’s mountains and some of the north coastal cities.

• The khamaseen is a wind that blows from the south in egypt in spring.

• The temperature in the desert to more than 38ºC

• Ahmed Nazif Mohamed Hosni Mobarak

• Government: Republic • Prime minister: Ahmed nazif• President of the republic: Mohamed Hosni Mobarak

• Egypt possesses one of the most the developed economies on the middle- east is agriculture industry and service.

• The Egyptian legal system only recognizes three religions:

• Islam (oficial religion) • Christianity• Judaism

• The subject matter of literature included:

• Hyms to the gods• Mythological and magical

texts.• Mortuary texts.• Biographical and historic

texts.• Scientific premises, including

mathematical and medical texts.

• Wisdom texts with instructive literature.

• The ancient wrote works on papyrus.

Egypt is widely regarded as an important political and cultural nation of the Middle East.

Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world’s most famous monuments:

• The red piramide • Th great piramide • The piramide of Djoser

• The ancient art of egyptian sculpture represented the ancient egyptian gods. Very strict conventions were followed:

• Male statues were darker than the female ones.

• In seated statues, hands were required to be placed on knees.

• The materials used by the egyptians sculptors were: clay, wood, metal, ivory, and stone.

• Important sculptors:• Mohmoud Mokhtar• Hassan Hesmat.

• Popular sports• Football is the

national sport of Egypt

• Squash and tennis are other popular sports in Egypt

• Handball

• Egyptian philosophers are:

• Plotinus• Arnouphis• Abdel rahman

badavi• Rifa’a el- tahtawi • Ahmad bilal yousaf • Zaki nagip

mahmoud• Hassan hanafi • Abdel wahab

elmesiri.

Plotinus

Arnouphis

• The temes included journey through the afterworld or their protective deities introducing the deceased to tht gods of the underworld.Some examples of such paintings are Osiris Warriors.

• The image was frequently identified by inscription, resemblance with the depicted was not necessary, infirmities and old age are rarely shown. Most images are glowing examples of prosperity, youth, and good health.

• The head of the character was always drawn in profile.• The legs are turned to the same side as the head., foot placed in front of the others.

– TECHNIQUES

• Every figure in paintings, stands or sits with a formal, stiff, and rigid posture. The stance of the body is severe, but the faces are calm and serene.

• Slaves and animals were painted more natural and relaxed, and with a smaller scale in drawings to show their limited importance.

• Artists made colors from raw materials around them and therefore worked in a limited number of shades.

• Color was applied in flat tones.• Men´s skin was colored red while women´s was yellow.

– MEDIA– A) Papyrus.– B) Walls of tombs and temples.

• Sientific Devolopments in ancient Egypt:• Agriculture:• Advanced irrigation system and water reservoirs• Medicine:• Medicine was highly advanced , and Egypt achieved

great contributions in this field.

• Egyptian music is a rich mixture of indigenius , Mediterranean ,African and Western elements.

• In antiquity , egyptians played harps and flutes , including two indigenous instrumens : the ney and the oud.

• Egyptians pop singers are Amr Diab and Mohamed Mounir.

• The public education system in Egypt consists of 3 levels:

• the basic education stage for 4-14 years old • The second school stage is for 3 years old.

• Ramadam has a especial flavor in Egypt , celebrated with sounds, lights and much flare. Many Muslim tourists come to Egypt during Ramadam to witness the spectacle.

• Typical Egyptian food:• Kebab • Falafel • Baqlawa• kusari