EGYPT!

EGYPT!

Geography Nile River 4,100 miles flowing S to N Yearly floods (July /October )Predictable Silt fertile black mud Desert all aroundHow does this help the Egyptians?How does it hurt them? Cataracts = rapids How would these make life more difficult?Nile split into Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt

Why is Lower Egypt on top of Upper Egypt?

Three PhasesOld Kingdom 2600-2180 BCECapital at MemphisUnited Upper and Lower EgyptRuled as pharaohsGod-KingsReligious head tooCalled the sun to rise, Nile to flood, and crops to riseGovernment called a theocracyRule based on religious authority State and Religion

ReligionPolytheistic believed in over 2,000 gods

Pharaohs had ka, an eternal life force, that helped rule Egypt after their deathNeeded tombs, pyramids, to maintain control

Afterlife! Would be judged on their deedsWhat does this sound like?How much does your heart weigh??

Ra (Sun) and Osiris (Dead)

Entry to Eternal LifeDevourer of Souls - Ammit

Mummification

See Ya LaterPyramids!Royal tombs Great Pyramid of GizaLimestone blocks weighing 2.5 tonsSome weighed 15 tons2 million blocks stacked to 481 feetCovered 13 acresHow would they move the blocks?Who built these massive structures?What is a down side to these tombs?

Three PhasesMiddle Kingdom 2040-1640 BCEBuilt canal from Nile to Red SeaImproved trade and transportation Are there any negative effects?Defeated by the Hysoks who ruled Egypt

Egyptian Writing SystemsHieroglyphics Flexible writing systemsacred carvingsPicture stands for an ideaWrote on papyrusReeds from the Nile

The ability to read Hieroglyphics was lost until what stone was found?

Rosetta StonePapyrus Reeds from the Zambezi River

Lets Keep Time!CalendarKeep track of flooding Calculated 365 day years12 months of 30 days5 days for holidaysOnly off our solar year by 6 hours

Social ClassesCould move up and down based on success and marriageThree Phases New Kingdom 1570-1075 BCEGolden AgeConquered territory with bronze weapons and chariots (what was this the equivalent of?)Hatshepsut Female pharaoh promoted trade, not just warIncreased wealth and prosperityErased from historyBuilt massive temples and pyramidsAny downside to all this building?Hatshepsut's Tomb

Ramses II