EGITTO ANTICO

I'

EGITTO ANTICO

Collana diretta da Alessia Amenta

Volume III

ATTI 1

Comitato scientifico

J . Baines (Oxford)S. Demichelis (Museo Egizio di Torino)

S. Donadoni (Accademia dei Lincei) M. Liverani (Roma) J . Osing (Berlino) A. Roccati (Roma)G. Rosati (Firenze)

L. Sist (Roma)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR YOUNG EGYPTOLOGISTS

Italy, Chianciano TermeOctober 15-18, 2003

under the Patronage of

PRESIDENCY OF COUNCIL OF MINISTERS MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

TOWN OF MONTEPULCIANO

L ACQUA NELL'ANTICO EGITTO

L \L vita, rigenerazione, incantesimo, medicamento

edited by

ALESSIA AMENTA MARIA MICHELA LuIsELLI

MARIA NOVELLA Soprn

L'ERMA> di BRETSCHNEIDER

ALESSTA AMENTA - MARIA MICHELA LUISELLI - MARIA NOVELLA SORDI

L'ACQUA NELL'ANTICO EGITTO vita, rigenerazione, incantesimo, medicamento

© Copyright 2005 > di BRETSCHNEIDER

Tutti i diritti riservati. E vietata la riproduzione di testi e illustrazioni senza ii permesso scritto dell'Editore.

International conference for young egyptologists L'acqua nell'antico Egitto vita, rigenerazione, incantesimo, medicamento proceedings of the first International conference for young egyptologists, Italy, Chianciano Terme, October 15-18, 2003 / edited by Alessia Amenta, Maria Michela Luiselli, Maria Novella Sordi. - Roma :

CONTENTS

Acknowledgments P. 9

Foreword > 11

Preface (A. AMENTA, M. M. LuIsELLI, M. N. SORDI) >> 13

Preface (J. BAINES) >> 17

CONFERENCE PROGRAMME D 19

SECTION I - WATER IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN LITERATURE >> 23

A. LOPENO, Water in Egyptian Literature. >> 25

G. CAVILLIER, Ii phr-wr e ii suo significato nella letteratura egiziana a sfondo hellico. D 41 A. GALLASCH-HALL, The Water in the Corpus Hermeticum - One European View. 51 C. KNIGGE, "He keeps the river Nile flowing, the field is full of his richness". Some Remarks on the Hymn to the Nile and Inundation and Fertility Motifs in Post-New Kingdom Hymns and Related Texts. > 59 R. LANDGRAFOvA, Water in Ancient Egyptian Love Songs. >> 69 H. NAvRATILovA, The "Unwetterstele" of Ahmose as a Historical Text. >> 81

SECTION II - WATER IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE > 89

Y KOENIG, L'eau et la magie. >> 91

J. BUDKA, The Third Cataract: Its Historical and Political Importance According to Royal and Private Rock Inscriptions at Tombos. >> 107M. CAMPAGNO, Fighting in the Water. On "Ordeals", Kinship and State in the Contendings of Horns and Seth (Papyrus Chester Beatty l). '> 117R. CEPKO, Amenemhat III et le divinités aquatiques: la politique royale dans l'oasis du Fayoum. >> 125

A. FASSONE, Canopo e le sue acque: ii flume, ii lago, ii mare. Vita e religiosita in eta tardo-faraonica e greco-romana. p. 135 R. B. GozzoLl, Inondazione e pioggia come segno di predilezione divina durante la XXV e XXVI dinastia. >> 141 B. HEAGREN, Water Related Diseases in Ancient Egypt. >> 151 E. KANITZ, La gestione delle risorse idriche nell'Egitto antico e nell'Egitto moderno: un confronto. 159 K. MUHLESTEIN, Death by Water: The Role of Water in Ancient Egypt's Treatment of Enemies and Juridical Process. '> 173 R.-G. TATOMIR, Coincidentia oppositorum et conjunctio oppositorum: The Mental Category of Water in the Ancient Egyptian Universe. >> 181

SECTION III - WATER IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION >> 189

S. BICKEL, Creative and Destructive Waters. > 191

B. CLAUS, Osiris et Hapi: crue et régénération en Egypte ancienne. >> 201 A. CORTHALS, The Procession of the New Year in the Staircases at Edfu and Dendara. " 212 E M. LABORINHO, Nun, the Primeval Water According to the Coffin Texts. 221 H. ROTSCH, The Primeval Ocean Nun and the Terminology of Water in Ancient Egypt. >> 229 M. TOMOP.AD, Egyptian Cults of Isis and Serapis in Roman Fleets. >> 241

SECTION IV - WATER IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RITUAL AND CULT >> 255

M. BOMMAS, Situlae and the Offering of Water in the Divine Funerary Cult: A New Approach to the Ritual of Djeme. >' 257

E. BUZOV, The Role of the Heart in the Purification. >> 273 M.-E. COLIN, Presenting Water to the Deities within the Barque Sanctuaries of Graeco-Roman limes. , 283 A. COSENTINO, Il battesimo nei testi di Nag Hammadi. >> 293 K. DOHRMANN, Das Sedfest-Ritual Sesostris' I. - Kontext und Semantik des Dekorationsprogramms der Lischter Sitzstatuen. >> 299 R. HOLZL, Libation Basins from the Old to the New Kingdom: Practical Use and Religious Significance. >> 309 R. LUCARELLI, A Libation Text in the Book of the Dead of Gatseshen. >> 319 A. SMITH, Kingship, Water and Ritual: The Ablution Rite in the Coronation Ritual of the Pharaoh. > 329 S. SPORTELLINI, L'acqua, essenza purificatrice e rigenerante: il vaso-heset in alcune delle iconografie piü ricorrenti. '> 337

SECTION V - POSTERS >> 345

C. BOOTH, The Uses and Abuses of Water in Papyrus Westcar. > 347 M. C. CENTRONE, "This is the form of [ ... J Osiris of the mysteries, who springs from the returning waters" (South Wall of the Osiris Room at the Great Temple of Philae). >> 355

M. FRANCI, Quelques considerations sur le champ sémantique du determinatifmw. p. 360 S. RUZANOVA, Neith of Sais as Water Goddess. 371R. FERREIRA DE SOUSA, Heart and Water in the Religious Anthropology of Ancient Egypt. > 375A. P. ZINGARELLI, Some Considerations about the Water Offered (Poured) by the Tree Goddess at TT 49. >> 381

Abbreviations > 389

Bibliography > 395

List of Contributors > 443

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The First International Conference for Young Egyptologists has been reali-zed with the aid and friendly support of numerous institutions, to whom goes our deepest gratitude. Therefore here we would like to thank officially:

Terme di ChiancianoPresidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri

Regione ToscanaComune di Chianciano Terme

Comune di SarteanoComune di Montepulciano

Associazione Albergatori di Chianciano Terme Monte dei Paschi di Siena - Chiusi

APT Chianciano Terme Val di Chiana - Agenzia per ii Turismo Toro Assicurazioni - Chianciano Terme

DASLaboratorio di Analisi e Ricerche Mediche Alpha di Anna Maria Fe & C.

Dies - The New Pharmacommunication

For the printing and publication of this volume we are greatly indebted and very grateful to the economic support, as well as to the generosity par-ticularly of two institutions: the Comune di Montepulciano (Siena), in the person of his Mayor Piero Di Betto, who from the beginning showed his sin-cere interest for the First International Conference for Young Egyptologists, and the Agyptologisches Seminar der Universität Basel (Switzerland), under the direction of Prof. Dr. Antonio Loprieno, whose deep and sensible atten-tion towards the young scholars of Egyptology has been for our initiative a precious support.

FOREWORD

The Town of Montepulciano contributed to the First International Conference for Young Egyptologists, held in Chianciano Terme on 15-18 October 2003, not only or simply out of "ospitality". The title of the confe-rence, "L'acqua nell'antico Egitto: vita, rigenerazione, incantesimo, medica-mento", related closely both to the location chosen for the conference and to the year in which it was held, which was officially proclaimed by United Nations General Assembly as the "International Year of Fresh Water".

The link with our region was in a way even more intimate, since the name of the Valdichiana, a vast and well watered area, means literally "daughter of water".

The idea of organizing such an international event was mainly that of three "young" Egyptologists, Alessia Amenta, Maria Michela Luiselli and Maria Novella Sordi, who succeeded in bringing this exceptional event to pass after a year of intense teamwork. The aim of the organisers was to send out an invitation to all "young" Egyptologists around the world, and they wished also to make such a conference a regular event, a sort of show-case in the international world of scholarship. This was an additional rea-son why our Town decided to sponsor the conference. This conference is indeed a wonderful way of promoting Montepulciano as an important cul-tural centre, not just in Italy but also abroad. And that is not all: the youth of the promoters and of the researchers strikes a chord in Montepulciano's strong and longstanding commitment to supporting the development of young people.

We can certainly claim that this commitment has always been present since when our predecessors in the 16 1h Century specifically asked Ignazio di Loyola to set up a Jesuit Council, an innovative organisation at that time in all educational fields.

11

Scientists from all over the world joined the three days conference, whose scientific value has also been supported by an internationally renowned committee.

We really wish to take once again part to such a useful experience which will undoubtedly prove more and more successful every year, con-sidering Egypt's appeal to everyone around the world.

PIER0 DI BETTO

The Mayor of Montepulciano Montepulciano, 15 March 2004

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PREFACE

The First International Conference for Young Egyptologists was our pro-posal to the necessity of an exchange between "young" scholars of Egyptology belonging to academic and museum institutions from all over the world, in order to let them be for the first time protagonists of an inter-national scientific meeting. The conference has taken place in Chianciano Terme (Siena), from the 15 1h to the 1 Sth October 2003, in the Parco dell'Ac qua Santa of Chianciano Spa.

The chairs of Egyptology in the world have paid in the last years in the context of academic activity great attention to the problems of their "young" scholars, by organizing for them different meetings. To the tradi-tional section dedicated to the junge Agyptologie of the Standige Agyptolo-genkonferenz, which gathers together every year the whole German speak-ing Egyptology, in the different countries followed other initiatives with the similar aim, namely the promotion of and the support to young Egyptologists, to their scientific growth and interpersonal exchange. We refer here only to some of these new initiatives: the Central European Conference of Young Egyptologists, organized by Warsaw University and which in May 2004 took place for the third time; the Current Research in Egyptology, that has been organized in January 2004 for the fifth time in the United Kingdom; the Basler Agyptologischer Nachwuchspreis, which in 2001 asked all young Egyptologists to present a scientific egyptological article to the Agyptologisches Seminar of Basle University.

The choice of the subject proposed by the First International Conference for Young Egyptologists offered the possibility to deepen a fundamental theme of pharaonic society. In the same time, it aimed to make aware to one of the most urgent problems of ancient and modern societies: water as principle of every source of life.

Our initiative had therefore the aim to become part of the wide range of events and activities which mark the year 2003 in particular, proclaimed

13

by the United Nations General Assembly as the "International Year of Freshwater".

"Water is a basic right for every human beings: without water there is no future. Water is democracy", according to Nelson Mandela's famous speech, delivered during the Second World Forum in Johannesburg.

The 1992 colloquium on water, organized from the Association interna-tionale pour l'étude du droit de l'Egypte Ancienne (the proceedings have appeared in the series Bibliotheque d'Etude of the IFAO, n. 110), has for the first time explored the ancient Egyptians' attention to the watering and water supply problems, as well as the Egyptian contribution to the much wider panorama of the ancient Mediterranean countries.

The First International Conference for Young Egyptologists comes along-side this initiative by studying the relevance and function of water in ancient Egypt from magic to religion, from literature to historical evi-dence. As a result, we have singled out four main subjects, which corre-spond to the four sections of the conference: the first section, "Water and Literature", has been opened by a paper of Prof. Dr. Antonio Loprieno. The second section, "Water in ancient Egyptian History and Culture", dealt with the problems concerning the watering systems and water supply was introduced by a paper presented by Prof. Dr. Mario Liverani, as well as with the magic character of water, whose issues were introduced by a lec-ture of Prof. Dr. Yvan Koenig. The third section, "Water in ancient Egyptian Religion", has been opened by a paper presented by Dr. Susanne Bickel and, finally, Dr. Martin Bommas' paper has opened the fourth sec-tion, namely "Water in ancient Egyptian Ritual and Cult". Prof. Dr. Alessandro Roccati has then officially closed the Conference.

Numerous posters were also presented. They investigated other aspects of the conference subject and they are published in this volume in a spe-cific chapter.

During the closing plenary session has been announced that the Second International Conference for Young Egyptologists will be organized by the University of Lisbon (Portugal) in 2006. We would like to thank Prof. Luls Manuel de Araiijo (Dept. of Egyptology of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Lisbon) for having thus gathered the sense of our project and for having proposed with enthusiasm the organization of the second edi-tion of the Conference. Thanks to this our initiative has become a cyclic event. Our gratitude is also for Aline Gallasch-Hall, coordinator of the con-ference in Lisbon.

The conference organization received the support of numerous persons and institutions, to whom we would like to express our deepest gratitude. We are particularly grateful to our scientific committee, constituted by Prof. Dr. Hartwig Altenmuller, Prof. Dr. John Baines, Prof. Dr. Mario

14

Liverani, Prof. Dr. Antonio Loprieno and Prof. Dr. Alessandro Roccati, for having answered with enthusiasm to our idea and for having followed with sincere interest the organization and realization of the Conference. Our particular thank goes also to the generosity of Dr. Susanne Bickel and Dr. Martin Bommas, who not only accepted our invitation to present an open-ing paper at the conference, but they even have contributed to the present volume with an article taken from their paper.

Finally, our warmest thank is for all the participants to the First International Conference for Young Egyptologists and for their enthusiastic response to our invitation. The peaceful and relaxed atmosphere during the whole of the conference has contributed to tighten human relations among us and has given to the conference a serene and constructive course with interesting discussions.

The professional competence of all participants in respecting the dead-line for submitting articles for the publication of these proceedings, as well as their collaboration has helped and favoured us in the tiring editing work of this volume, thus permitting his publication in such a short time.

Arrivederci a Lisbona!

ALESSIA AMENTA

MARIA MICHELA LUTSELLI

MARIA NOVELLA SORDI

15

PREFACE

The image chosen for the First International Conference for Young Egyptologists powerfully evokes the particular meaning of water for ancient Egypt. It happens also to carry a strong personal message. As a graduate student, and hence a young Egyptologist, I spent much time seeking to interpret such images of fecundity figures carrying offering tables and water vessels. These figures, whose presence is pervasive in Egyptian tern-pies and widespread in other forms of decoration, include a few who are shown with bodies covered with water lines, as if they consisted entirely of water. The figures began by symbolizing a wide range of aspects of fertility and ended by being largely identified with Egypt's primary aquatic phe-nomenon, the inundation as the life-giving aspect of the Nile. They are depicted in formalized or implied aquatic environments in the base areas of temple decoration. Such environments are also widespread in other Egyptian artistic domains. This prominence of the aquatic extends to the great significance of purity and to the salient role of water in much ritual. Thirst, or scarcity of water, was the symbol of deprivation, notably in the and next world, which was feared as a desert. The Egyptians sought opti-mistically to overcome this polarity, which is so evident in their environ-ment, by planting and watering trees in front of tombs in the low desert. Water could be a danger because it harboured untameable animals and shipwreck. The unhappy might cast themselves suicidally into the Nile.

These examples illustrate how water was not only central to ancient Egyptian civilization, as it is to all human life, but also distinctively the-matized in a vast range of sources from antiquity. Yet until 2003 no con-ference of Egyptologists had focused on water. Nor had there been an international conference specifically intended for "young" Egyptologists. The organizers of the conference in Chianciano Terme in October 2003, Alessia Amenta, Maria Michela Luiselli, and Maria Novella Sordi, had the happy inspiration to address these two gaps together. The resulting meet-ing, which I was unfortunately unable to attend, offered both a significant

17

intellectual experience and a fertile ground for exchange and discussion among people from all over the world. The choice of a specific theme valu-ably focused discussion, yet the theme chosen enabled many to offer papers from different topical and disciplinary perspectives.

A vast amount of preparatory work, a little of which I could participate in from a distance, went into the conference and ensured its success. Not least among the tasks was the fund-raising that kept the cost to partici-pants low. But the labour of a conference is not done when the last partic-ipant has left. With admirable dedication, the organizers have continued to work on the papers with great care, and have assembled them and pre-pared them for publication. The appearance of the proceedings in book form will contribute much both to research on the theme of the conference and to sustaining the event as a newly founded institution. It is most pleas-ing to hear that the First Conference, as it styled itself, will indeed be fol-lowed by a Second, in Lisbon in 2006.

JOHN BAINES

Oxford, 11 March 2004

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CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

15" OCTOBER Morning - Teatro Comunale di Sarteano (Siena)

9:00 Opening Ceremony.

11:30 Opening Lecture: Prof. Dr. ANTONIO LOPRIENO (Universitat Basel, Switzerland) Water in Egyptian Literature.

12:00 Dr. GUNTHER LAPP (Universitat Basel, Switzerland) A New Program for Editing Hieroglyphs: Visualglyph.

12:30-14:45 Buffet-lunch in "Azienda Agricola Martignano" and visit to "Chiostro del Palazzo Cernini - XV sec." of Sarteano.

Afternoon Session - "Salone delle Tertne" di Chianciano Terme

"WATER IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN LITERATURE"Chairman: Prof. Dr. ANTONIO LOPRIENO (Universität Basel, Switzerland)

15:30-16:00 REM.x LANDGRAFOVA (Czech National Centre for Egyptology - Prague, Czech Republic) Water in Ancient Egyptian Love Songs.

16:00-16:30 GlAcoMo CAVILLIER (Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Italy) Ii phr-wr e ii suo significato ne/la letteratura egiziana a sfondo bellico.

16:30-17:00 Dr. Hi\NA NAVRATILOVA (Czech National Centre for Egyptology - Prague, Czech Republic) The "Unwetterstele" of Ahmose as a Historical Text.

17:00-17:30 Coffee break 17:30-18:00 ALINE GALLASCH-HALL (Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal)

The Water in the Corpus Hermeticum - One European View. 18:00-18:30 CARSTEN KNIGGE (Universitat Basel, Switzerland)

"He keeps the Nile flowing, the field is full of his richness". Some Remarks on the Hymn to the Nile and Inundation and Fertility in Post-New Kingdom Hymns and Related Texts.

16th OCTOBERMorning Session -" Salone delle Terme" di Chianciano Terme

"WATER IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE"Chairman: Prof. Dr. YVAN KOENIG (Institute Catholique - Paris, France)

9:00-9:30 Prof. Dr. MARIO LIVERANI (Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Italy) Sahelian and Near Eastern Features in Ancient Egyptian Irrigation System.

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9:30-10:00 ERNST KANITZ (Universitat Wien, Austria) La gestione delle risorse idriche nell'Egitto antico e nell'Egitto tnoderno: un con-fronto.

10:00-10:30 NURIA ToImAz BEZENET (Universitat de Barcelona, Spain) Diachronical Reconstruction of the Hydro,graphical Network Operating upon Mythical and Cultural Landscape in the l9° Nome of Upper Egypt.

10:30-11:00 Coffee break 11:00-11:30 Dr. ROSELYNE CEPKO (Ecole du Louvre - Paris, France)

Amenemhat III et le divinitds aquatiques: la politique royale dans l'oasis du Fayoum.

11:30-12:00 BRYAN KRAEMER (University of Southampton, United Kingdom) Faiyum and the Auvi Motplor: A Computer Model for the "Land of the Lake".

12:00-12:30 JULIA Buoic (Humboldt Universität - Berlin, Germany) The Third Cataract: Its Historical and Political Importance According to Royal and Private Rock Inscriptions at Tombos.

12:30-14:30 Buffet-lunch

Afternoon Session - "Salone delle Terme" di Chianciano Terme

"WATER IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE"

Chairman: Prof. Dr. MA1U0 LIvEIIANI (Università degli Studi di Roma "La

Sapienza", Italy)

14:30-15:00 Prof. Dr. YvAN KOENIG (Institute Catholique - Paris, France) L'eau et la magie.

15:00-15:30 Dr. MARCELO CAMPAGNO (University of Buenos Aires, Argentina) Fighting in the Water. On "Ordeals", Kinship and State in The Contendings of Horus and Seth (Papyrus Chester Beatty I).

15:30-16:00 Dr. KERRY MUHLESTEIN (Brigham Young University - Hawaii, Hawaii) Death by Water: The Role of Water in Ancient Egypt's Treatment of Enemies and Juridical Process.

16:00-16:30 Coffee break 16:30-17:00 ALESSIA FASSONE (Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy)

C'anopo e le sue acque: il flume, il lago, il mare. Vita e religiosita in eta tardo-farao-nica e greco-romana.

17:00-17:30 Dr. ROBERTO Gozzou (University of Birmingham, United Kingdom) Inondazione e pioggia come segno di predilezione divina durante la XXV e XXVI dinastia.

17:30-18:00 Dr. RENATA TATOMIR (The Sergiu Al-George Institute of Oriental Studies - Bucarest, Romania) Coincidentia oppositorum et conjunctio oppositorum: The Mental Category of Water in Ancient Egyptian Mental Universe.

18:00-18:30 B1mIT HEAGREN (University of Auckland, New Zealand) Water Related Diseases in Ancient Egypt.

17 1h OCTOBERMorning Session -" Salone delle Terme" di Chianciano Terme

"WATER IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION" Chairman: Dr. MARTIN BOMMAS (Universität Basel, Switzerland)

9:00-9:30 Dr. SUSANNE BlciceL (Universitat Basel, Switzerland) Creative and Destructive Waters.

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9:30-10:00 BENOIT CLAUS (Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium) Osiris et Hapi: Crue et re'génération en Egypte ancienne.

10:00-10:30 Coffee break 10:30-11:00 ELTANA M. LABORINHO (Universidade Novade Lisboa, Portugal)

Nun, the Primeval Water According to the Coffin Texts. 11:00-11:30 HOLGER ROTSCH (Universitat Heidelberg, Germany)

The Primeval Ocean Nun and the Terminology of Water in Ancient Egypt. 11:30-12:00 ANGELIQUE CORTHALS (University of Oxford, United Kingdom)

The Procession of the New Year in the Staircases at Edfu and Dendara. 12:00-12:30 MLADEN ToMolt.D (University of Zagreb, Croatia)

Egyptian Cults of Isis and Serapis in Roman Fleets. 12:30-14:30 Buffet-lunch

Afternoon

Excursions to the "Etruscan Museum" in Chianciano Ter-me, "Etruscan Museum" in Sarteano and to "Porsenna's Labyrinth" in Chiusi.

20:30 Official Dinner

18" OCTOBER Morning Session .-" Salone delle Terrne" di Chianciano Terme

"WATER IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RITUAL AND CULT"Chairman: Prof. Dr. ALESSANDRO ROCCATI (Università degli Studi di Roma "La

Sapienza", Italy)

9:30-10:00 Dr. MARTIN BOMMAS (Universitat Basel, Switzerland) Situlae and the Offering of Water in the Divine Funerary Cult: A New Approach to the Ritual of Djeme.

10:00-10:30 RITA LUCARELLI (Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, The Netherlands) A Libation Text in the Book of the Dead of Gatseshen.

10:30-11:00 Coffee break 11:00-11:30 KATE LIszKA (University of Pennsylvania, USA)

The Question of "Votive Water Clocks" 11:30-12:00 AARON SMITE (University of Auckland, New Zealand)

Kinship, Water and Ritual: The Ablution Rite in the Coronation Ritual of the Pharaoh.

12:00-12:30 Dr. AUGUSTO CO5ENTIN0 (Universita degli Studi Messina, Italy) Ii battesimo nei testi di Nag Hammadi.

12:3043:00 EMIL Buzov (New Bulgarian University of Sofia, Bulgaria) The Role of the Heart in the Purification.

13:00-14:30 Buffet-lunch

Afternoon Session - "Salone delle Terme" di Chianciano Terme

"WATER IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RITUAL AND CULT" Chairman: Prof. Dr. HARTWIG ALTENMULLER (Universitht Hamburg, Germany)

14:30-15:00 Dr. REGINA HOLZL (Museum of Fine Arts - Wien, Austria) Libation Basins from the Old to the New Kingdom: Practical Use and Religious Significance.

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