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Effects of EM (Effective Microorganisms) Coctail’s on Growth of Fish, Body Weight, Survival in...
1
Effects of EM (Effective Microorganisms) Coctail’s on Growth of Fish, Body Weight, Survival in Symphsodon Discus Erdem DANYER **, Işıl AYTEMİZ**, Tanay BİLAL*, Kenan ERGİNER*** *I.U. Veterinary Faculty, Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases /TURKEY , **I.U. Veterinary Faculty /TURKEY, Discus Breeder /TURKEY [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Conductivity (µs) G1 372,78 G2 349,89 G3 374,32 G4: 378,42 pH Body Weight (g) Horizontal I Length (cm) Horizontal II Length (cm) Vertical Length (cm) Introduction: EM (effective microorganisms) is a cocktail consisting of a microorganism such as phototropic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and yeast. It has been used in food, agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, environmental cleanup and in the medical field; also some of countries are using EM in their environmental policies. Aquarium fisheries is a big industry by nearly $300.000.000 worth of budget in worldwide. There are primarily 5 types of bacteria used to prepare EM solution. Mechanism of effect is to make a good flora and is to prevent the occurrence of bad flora. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EM on growth of fish, body weight and survival in Symphsodon discus fishes. Materials & Methods: In our study, we worked with four aquariums which were designed in a static system containing ten,15-days-old Symphsodon discus fishes. Temperatures of the aquariums were stabilized by 200 Watt thermostats. Incoming water was sterilized by 18 Watt UV light. Everyday %25 of water was circulated. In breeding, we used a ration containing beef hearth, shrimp, garlic, frozen blood worm, live white worm, spirulina, granule discus food. This ration was accepted as a standard in breeding. After a week, to separate the fishes from mother metranidazole (250 mg/100 L) and praziquantel (250 mg/100 L) were used for the prophylaxis except group 3. EM was used 1 ml/1000 L/day. In the study, for the first group (control) (G1) we used standard diet, metranidazole, praziquantel; for the second group (G2), standard diet, metranidazole, praziquantel, EM; for the third group(G3), standard diet, EM; for the fourth group (G4), not spirulina exists standard diet, metranidazole, praziquantel and EM were applied. The aim in the not exist spirulina group was to investigate the relation between spirulina and EM. In according to the literatures, spirulina is used for protein and colour supplements and supplies immunologic system in Discus breeding. We also observed pH, conductivity, water temperature and colour changes in fishes. Three lengths were measured as horizontal I, horizontal II and vertical. In horizontal I, fish was measured from head to starting of the tail, in horizontal II fish was measured from head to the end of the tail, and in vertical fish was measured from ventral fin to dorsal fin. The trial period was designed for 28 days. All procedures were approved by the animal use committee from the institution. Results were evaluated using one-way ANOVA. Results: We started to observe significantly changes after 14 th day. There were not significantly changes between G3 and G4. Therefore, G3 and G4 gain were nearly 10% in the body weights and the fishes in these groups grew faster than the other groups. G3 consumed food desirously and faster, and did not need the medication. Conclusion: Supplementation of EM caused to which the fishes grew up fifteen days ago than Turkey average (60 days). Use of food was increased. Moreover, not using medication is useful for human health concerns. Also we observed that we still need spirulina as a colour supplement for blue and green coloured fish breeding. Literatures: 1. Development and Environment by United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (2008) 2. Consultation Process on Monitoring of International Trade in Ornamental Fish Background Information Prepared for European 3. Commission Directorate General E – Environment ENV.E.2. Higa T., Parr F. (1994) Beneficial and Effective Microorganisms for a Sustainable Agriculture and Environment. JapanAruoma O. I., Deiana M., Rosa A., Casu V., Piga R., Peccaginini S., Dessi M. A., Ke B., Liang Y., Higa T. (2002) Assessment of the ability of the antioxidant cocktail-derived from fermentation of plants with effective microorganisms (EM-X) to modulate oxidative damage in the kidney and liver of rats in vivo: studies upon the profile of poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids. Japan 4.Do S., Deo H.J. (2007) Effective Microorganism Fermentation Extract (EM-X) Attenuates Airway Hyperactivity and Inflammations Through Selective Inhibition of the TH2 Response Independently of Antioxidant Activity. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 20: 631-635, 2007 5.Chotisasitorn S. et all (1997) Using an effective Microorganism Supplementation in Layers. Kasetart Journal 31: 363-367. 6.Hanekom D., Prinsloo J.F., Schoonbee H.J. (1999) A Comparison of the Effect of Anolyte and Effective Microorganisms (Kyusei EMTM) on the Fecal Bacterial Loads in the Water and on Fish Produced in Pig-cum-Fish Integrated Production Units, South Africa 7. Özdamar, K. (1999) Tıp Biyoloji Eczacılık ve Dis Hekimligi Ögrencileri için SPSS ile Biyoistatistik. 3. Baskı. Kaan Kitabevi. Eskisehir. (ISBN 975-6787-03-1), 1+ 454. b b b c ab ab a b ab a a a ab a a a 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 D ay 0 D ay 7 D ay 14 D ay 21 D ay 28 D ay B ody W eight(g) G roup 1 G roup 2 G roup 3 G roup 4 b c c a b b a a a a a ab 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 D ay 0 D ay 7 D ay 14 D ay 21 D ay 28 D ay H orizontalI(cm ) G roup 1 G roup 2 G roup 3 G roup 4 ab c c c b b b b a a a a a ab a b 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 D ay 0 D ay 7 D ay 14 D ay 21 D ay 28 D ay H orizontal II (cm ) G roup 1 G roup 2 G roup 3 G roup 4 a cb b c b ab b b a a a a a c b a 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 D ay 0 D ay 7 D ay 14 D ay 21 D ay 28 D ay Vertical(cm ) G roup 1 G roup2 G roup 3 G roup 4 Body Weight Horizonta l I Horizonta l II Vertical G2 6.10% 2.40% 1.40% 3.30% G3 10.60% 4.50% 3.10% 6% G4 9.20% 3% 1.70% 5% Tempatur e G1 29.46°C G2 29.5°C G3 29.5°C G4 29.42°C Acknowledgement: We are heartily thankful to Prof. Dr. Aysen Altiner, Serol Korkmaz, Kemal Deniz Tok and Beste Anil.
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Transcript of Effects of EM (Effective Microorganisms) Coctail’s on Growth of Fish, Body Weight, Survival in...
Effects of EM (Effective Microorganisms) Coctail’s on Growth of Fish,
Body Weight, Survival in Symphsodon Discus
Erdem DANYER**, Işıl AYTEMİZ**, Tanay BİLAL*, Kenan ERGİNER***
*I.U. Veterinary Faculty, Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases /TURKEY , **I.U. Veterinary Faculty /TURKEY, Discus Breeder /TURKEY
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Conductivity (µs)G1 372,78G2 349,89G3 374,32G4: 378,42
pH
Body Weight (g)
Horizontal I Length (cm)
Horizontal II Length (cm)
Vertical Length (cm)
Introduction:EM (effective microorganisms) is a cocktail consisting of a microorganism such as phototropic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and yeast. It has been used in food, agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, environmental cleanup and in the medical field; also some of countries are using EM in their environmental policies. Aquarium fisheries is a big industry by nearly $300.000.000 worth of budget in worldwide. There are primarily 5 types of bacteria used to prepare EM solution. Mechanism of effect is to make a good flora and is to prevent the occurrence of bad flora. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of EM on growth of fish, body weight and survival in Symphsodon discus fishes.Materials & Methods:In our study, we worked with four aquariums which were designed in a static system containing ten,15-days-old Symphsodon discus fishes. Temperatures of the aquariums were stabilized by 200 Watt thermostats. Incoming water was sterilized by 18 Watt UV light. Everyday %25 of water was circulated. In breeding, we used a ration containing beef hearth, shrimp, garlic, frozen blood worm, live white worm, spirulina, granule discus food. This ration was accepted as a standard in breeding. After a week, to separate the fishes from mother metranidazole (250 mg/100 L) and praziquantel (250 mg/100 L) were used for the prophylaxis except group 3. EM was used 1 ml/1000 L/day. In the study, for the first group (control) (G1) we used standard diet, metranidazole, praziquantel; for the second group (G2), standard diet, metranidazole, praziquantel, EM; for the third group(G3), standard diet, EM; for the fourth group (G4), not spirulina exists standard diet, metranidazole, praziquantel and EM were applied. The aim in the not exist spirulina group was to investigate the relation between spirulina and EM. In according to the literatures, spirulina is used for protein and colour supplements and supplies immunologic system in Discus breeding. We also observed pH, conductivity, water temperature and colour changes in fishes. Three lengths were measured as horizontal I, horizontal II and vertical. In horizontal I, fish was measured from head to starting of the tail, in horizontal II fish was measured from head to the end of the tail, and in vertical fish was measured from ventral fin to dorsal fin. The trial period was designed for 28 days. All procedures were approved by the animal use committee from the institution. Results were evaluated using one-way ANOVA.
Results:We started to observe significantly changes after 14th day. There were not significantly changes between G3 and G4. Therefore, G3 and G4 gain were nearly 10% in the body weights and the fishes in these groups grew faster than the other groups. G3 consumed food desirously and faster, and did not need the medication.
Conclusion:Supplementation of EM caused to which the fishes grew up fifteen days ago than Turkey average (60 days). Use of food was increased. Moreover, not using medication is useful for human health concerns. Also we observed that we still need spirulina as a colour supplement for blue and green coloured fish breeding.
Literatures:1. Development and Environment by United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (2008) 2. Consultation Process on Monitoring of International Trade in Ornamental Fish Background Information Prepared for European 3. Commission Directorate General E – Environment ENV.E.2. Higa T., Parr F. (1994) Beneficial and Effective Microorganisms for a Sustainable Agriculture and Environment.
JapanAruoma O. I., Deiana M., Rosa A., Casu V., Piga R., Peccaginini S., Dessi M. A., Ke B., Liang Y., Higa T. (2002) Assessment of the ability of the antioxidant cocktail-derived from fermentation of plants with effective microorganisms (EM-X) to modulate oxidative damage in the kidney and liver of rats in vivo: studies upon the profile of poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids. Japan
4.Do S., Deo H.J. (2007) Effective Microorganism Fermentation Extract (EM-X) Attenuates Airway Hyperactivity and Inflammations Through Selective Inhibition of the TH2 Response Independently of Antioxidant Activity. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 20: 631-635, 2007
5.Chotisasitorn S. et all (1997) Using an effective Microorganism Supplementation in Layers. Kasetart Journal 31: 363-367.6.Hanekom D., Prinsloo J.F., Schoonbee H.J. (1999) A Comparison of the Effect of Anolyte and Effective Microorganisms (Kyusei EMTM) on the Fecal Bacterial Loads in the
Water and on Fish Produced in Pig-cum-Fish Integrated Production Units, South Africa7. Özdamar, K. (1999) Tıp Biyoloji Eczacılık ve Dis Hekimligi Ögrencileri için SPSS ile Biyoistatistik. 3. Baskı. Kaan Kitabevi. Eskisehir. (ISBN 975-6787-03-1), 1+ 454.
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Body Weight Horizontal I Horizontal II Vertical
G2 6.10% 2.40% 1.40% 3.30%
G3 10.60% 4.50% 3.10% 6%
G4 9.20% 3% 1.70% 5%
Tempature
G1 29.46°CG2 29.5°CG3 29.5°CG4 29.42°C
Acknowledgement: We are heartily thankful to Prof. Dr. Aysen Altiner, Serol Korkmaz, Kemal Deniz Tok and Beste Anil.
