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EFFECTS OF LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS ON HUMAN HEALTH

A Concise Presentation

By

Mr. Deepak Sarangi M.Pharm

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Contents Introduction Life Style Modifications & Associated Health Problems A. Behavioral

B. Material C. Psychological Preventive measures Conclusion References

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INTRODUCTION: Lifestyle includes the behavior and activities that make up your daily life. This includes: • the work you do, • your leisure activities • the food you eat, and• your interaction with family, friends, neighbours, co workers and strangers. Lifestyle changes are defined as changes that alter various lifestyle-related

behaviors such as diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and other behaviors.

Lifestyle changes may often relate to other mental and/or physical health conditions such as various disorders, obesity, asthma, sexually transmitted diseases, depression, and anxiety.

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Lifestyle Modification & Associated Health Problems

Behavioral Material Psychological Diet Smoking Consumption of Alcohol Drug Addiction Lack of Physical Activity

Environment Pollution

Stress

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DIET

Balanced diet: A diet which contains all the required amounts of foods and drinks to supply nutrition and energy for maintaining Body Cells, Tissues, Organs for supporting normal growth and development.

A healthy lifestyle involves many choices. Among them eating healthy and having a balanced diet are required.

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BALANCED DIET

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PAST AND PRESENT FOOD HABITS

Older generations consumed healthy foods when compared to what people consume today.

Diet of people has changed a lot from natural ingredients to artificial ingredients.

Ancient people food are mostly from their farmland so they are safe.

The quality of their Seeds, Eggs, Vegetables and meat are wholly purified, since they are processed by themselves.

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CONT…

On the contrast, the foods now are directly bought from Supermarket, hence we will never know it has been contaminated or not.

To increase profits, the Food producers and manufacturers produce highly processed and highly profitable foods.

To improvise the taste of foods, additives or flavors are added which are harmful to the health.

People in the past do not tend to put too much of salt or sugar. Admittedly sugar and salt are harmful to health.

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MODERN DIET

Modern diet is the main reason why people all over the world are fatter and sicker than ever before.Few things that are wrong with the modern diet:Sugar intake has increased.Consumption of soda and fruit juices.Calorie intake has increased.People are eating more processed foods.Egg consumption has gone down.Usage of processed fats and oils.

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Organic/conventional foods

ORGANIC /CONVENTIONAL FOODS

conventionalorganic CONVENTIONALNatural fertilizers such as manure or compost are used

Synthetic or chemical fertilizers often containing nitrates are used.

Crop rotation is followed Genetically modified crops

Use of traditional methods like tilling ,crop rotation to kill weeds

Use of herbicides to kill weeds.

Give organic feed to animals and there is also a usage of herbal treatment live stock healthy

Use of antibiotics ,growth hormones & medications in animals to prevent diseases and promote growth

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JUNK FOOD:Junk food is an informal term applied to some foods

that are perceived to have little or no nutritional value (containing "empty calories"), or to products with . nutritional value but which also have ingredients considered unhealthy when regularly eaten.

Junk foods are typically ready-to-eat convenience foods containing high levels of saturated fats, salt, or sugar, and little or no fruit, vegetables, or dietary fiber; junk foods thus have little or no health benefits.

Junk food leads to short and long term affects like: Lack of energy Poor concentration Heart disease High cholesterol

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HEALTHY DIETA healthy diet is one that helps maintain or improve Health. It is important for the prevention of many chronic health risks such as: obesity, heart disease , diabetes, and cancer. A healthy diet involves consuming appropriate amounts of all nutrients,and an adequate amount of water. Keys to have a healthy dietEat a variety of nutrient-rich foods.Enjoy plenty of whole grains, fruits and vegetables.Maintain a healthy weight.Eat moderate portions.Eat regular meals.Reduce, don't eliminate certain foods.Balance your food choices over time.

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OBESITYObesity is nationally declared as epidemic. It is a term that means you weigh at least more than 20% more than what is considered normal for your height. Energy in > Energy out. Excess calories and lack of physical activity.

Energy imbalance over a long period of time. Excess energy is stored in fat cells, which enlarge

or multiply. Enlargement of fat cells is known as hypertrophy,

whereas multiplication of fat cells is known as hyperplasia.

With time, excess in energy storage lead to obesity.

Energy Balance

Calories in Calories used(expended)(consumed)

Physical activity

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CONDITIONS FOUND TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY

Diabetes mellitusHypertensionGall bladder diseaseLiver diseaseCancerCoronary artery diseaseCerebrovascular diseaseEndocrine changes

Obstructive sleep apneaPsychosocial functionOsteoarthritis

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SMOKING“Smoking is injurious to health” is a quote

found almost everywhere and known by

everyone. But the thing is people are not

stopping it . As it is such a strong addiction

and it is a habit that is very difficult to break. The impact of smoking in youth has increased a lot. They think

its fun and cool among friends few smoke by saying it’s a great stress reliever and relaxant.

The other smoking implements include pipes, cigars, bidi ,Hookahs, vaporizers and bongs.

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EFFECTS OF SMOKINGShort term effects Long term effects

Every puff of cigarette contains a mixture of nicotine and carbon monoxide and each time you smoke it increases your temporarily effects like

Heart rate Blood pressure Injures heart and blood vessels

Loss of appetite Yellowing of teeth Yellowing of facial hair Halitosis(bad breath) Lung cancer Other cancers of throat and mouth Low sperm count

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ALCOHOL Alcohol consumption has a major impact on

todays health mostly affecting the youth. Many young people struggle with drinking.

Alcohol is a part of young people’s lives now. Partying, drinking socially with other young

people, is considered cool. The media creates a lot of images of young people drinking and promotes drinking as being fun and popular.

50% of automobile accidents, violence, suicide, and sexual involvement. Are due to consumption of alcohol.

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Effects of alcohol on body

Short term effects

a. Heavy sweating

b. Blurry vision

c. Nausea and vomiting

d. Slower Heart rate/breathing rate

e. Increased Blood pressure

f. Anxiety/restlessness

g. Mental confusion

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DRUGS1. Drug addiction is a disorder and is now commonly seen

in youth and can cause serious long term consequences including problems with physical and mental health.

2. As our lifestyle is getting change the present youth are often more experimental and willing to try anything their friends are doing.

3. Drugs are essentially poisons . The amount taken determines the effect.

4. A small amount acts as a stimulant(speeds you up).a greater amount acts as a sedative(slows you down).An even larger amount can kill.

Types of drugs: Marijuana ,cocaine, heroin ,opium , ecstasy , LSD.

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HOW DRUG ADDICTION HAPPENS??Experimental Use: “I heard about it.” “I want to find out how it feels.” “I want to try it out”.

Social Use: Strictly for social use with friends. Will drink or use other drugs with friends.

Regular Use: Continual access to supply. Ritualized. Routine. Every night at dinner or almost every time hanging out with friends.

Problem Use: Begin having problems with school, work, and/or family resulting from use. Problems with competence or with meeting challenges.

Chemical Dependency : Chemical controls the person rather than the person controlling the chemical . And the person will be in love with drug getting addicted to it.•

Weakens the immune system

Nausea , vomiting Abdominal pain Decrease in liver

function Heart• infection of heart

lining valves Central nervous

system• Addiction• Dependence

Effects of drug addiction

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LACK OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY(SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE)

Today’s society is undergoing rapid change, and the speed of this process of change seems to be increasing. One of the major social changes is the gradual change over from daily lives that contained high levels of physical effort to lives that are increasingly sedentary.

A sedentary lifestyle is a type of lifestyle with no regular or irregular physical activity . Sedentary activities include sitting , reading , watching television, playing video games and computer use for much of the day with little or no physical exercise.

Sedentary due to: Increased use of technologies. Increased use of automobiles.

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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Benefits of physical activity. Helping to low blood pressure. Reducing the chance of developing diabetes. If you already have diabetes , physical activity can help you to

control it. It helps you to lose weight (if you are over weight). Makes you feel energetic. Helps you to relieve stress. Lowers the risk of osteoporosis.

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POLLUTION Pollution is one of the greatest problem the world is facing today. And it is

increasing with every passing year causing damage to the earth and the human health affecting their lives.

The industrial revolution ,technological

advancement and modern transportation

have seriously depleted oxygen levels on the

earth . Shortage of oxygen levels In body could

be the starting point for loss of immune system.Hazardous wastes have properties( toxicity

persistence, flammability) which increase the

health affects .

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EFFECTS OF POLLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION WATER POLLUTION SOIL POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION

ASTHMA GASTRICPROBLEMS CHOLERA DEAFNESS

COPD(CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE)

HEPATITIS A LIVER AND KIDNEY DISEASES

LACK OF CONCENTRATION

LUNG CANCER LEPTOSPIROSIS MALARIA HEART DISEASES

Pollution affects are indeed many and wide ranging.

Levels of pollution are causing a lot of effects on human and animal health as well as the environment..

Infection by micro organisms(bacteria , fungi , virus& protozoa),

Also occurs through contamination of water , air & soil.

Few effects are listed below:

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STRESS Modern life is full of hassles , deadlines , frustrations and

demand. Work can be a stress place weather it is in office , a factory or

school . For many people ,stress is so common it has become a way of life.

Too much stress is bad it leads to serious health problems. Stress-disrupts nearly every system in our body.it can raise

blood pressure , suppress the immune system , increase risk of heart attack and stroke contributing to infertility and speed up the aging process.

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EFFECTS OF STRESS Health problems

caused by stress: Heart diseases Digestive problems Sleep problems Depression Auto immune diseases

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PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Diet-A balanced healthy diet should be taken avoiding junk foods.

Smoking- Do not smoke. If you do smoke, stop. If you cannot stop don’t smoke in the presence of others.

Alcohol- Do not start .if already started gradually decrease . Limit alcohol to 2 units a day for men and 1 unit a day for women.

Drugs- Never think about drugs. If you do so communicate with the family members. For addiction resistance you may visit at addiction treatment recovery center.

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Cont…

Physical activity : physical activity should be a part of our daily life. Activities like walking , skipping , running , swimming etc.

Pollution : As an individual its every ones responsibility

not to pollute the environment . And keep them clean. StressRelaxation time Eat healthy dietExercise regularly Get plenty of sleep

CONCLUSION: As already discussed, staying healthy has the best impact on our body . And it plays an important role in our daily life activities. It is said that “your body shows reflection of your lifestyle”. So eat healthy add

more of fruits and vegetables. Never consume alcohol, smoking, drugs these habits just harm our bodies and it cost’s our lives.

So make a habit of doing activities

physically to burn the calories inside body .

Avoiding stress by accepting to the situations.

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REFERENCES1. Dietary guidelines for Americans available at :

htttp://www.health /dietary guidelines/ recommendations.htm

2. Socioeconomic status and perception of access and safety for physical activity. Articles of Behavioral Medicine. 204 Nov; 28 (1): 20-28

3. Parenting for prevention by David j.williams4. Duncan GE, Anton SD, Newton RL Jr, Perry MG. Comparison of perceived

health to physiological measures of health in Black and White women. Preventative Medicine. 2003 May; 36(5): 624-8

5. Yanks CW. The prevention of heart failure in minority communities and discrepancies in health care delivery systems. Medical Clinics of North America. 2004 Sep; 88(5): 1347-66.

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