Effect of air pollution exposure during pregnancy on the steroid profile of newborns
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O
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Effect of air pollution exposure during pregnancy on the steroid profile of newborns
Rüedi S*, Proietti Elena*, Gorlanova O, Dick B, Flück C, Röösli M, Latzin P, M. Frey B, Frey U
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• Prenatal air pollution exposure has adverse effects on the infant’s respiratory system.
• One pathway involved might be via oxidative stress, possibly leading to a modified pattern of steroid production.
Introduction
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We examined a possible association of air pollution exposure during pregnancy and steroid
metabolites in the newborn’s urine.
Aim
Air Pollution
pregnancy
Steroids profile
at one month
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Methods – BILD cohort
Prenatal recruitment
Age 1 month
Urin collection
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Air Pollution
pregnancy
Steroids profile
at one month
Methods – exposure and outcome
PM10 from background monitoring station
NO2• background monitoring
station and • hybrid time-space
regression model
• Spot urine• mass spectrometry/
gas chromatography
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Air Pollution
pregnancy
Steroids profile
at one month
Methods - statistic
season
distance to roadurban areasmoking exposuresocio-economic status
Sex, gestational age, weight delivery mode
Adjusted for:
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5β-reductase
α-cortolone β-cortolone
THE
DHE5α-DHF
5β-reductase
3αHSD
α-cortolβ-cortol
20aHSD/20βHSD
THF α-THF
3αHSD6β-OHF
CYP3A
Cortisone E
Cortisol F 11- β HSD2 (NAD+)
11- β HSD1 (NADH)
5β-DHF
Methods - steroids
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Results – PM10 (aRR per 10mg/m3 PM10 increase)
All1.46 (1.06/2.02)
Cortisol/Cortisone1.04 (0.81/1.34)
Branche F1.42 (0.96/2.1)
Branche E1.45 (1.06/1.99)
All metabolites1.6 (1.14/2.28)
Branche F metabolites1.62 (1.04/2.54)
Branche E metabolites1.60 (1.14/2.23)
N=129
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Results – NO2 background (aRR per 10mg/m3 NO2 increase)
AllNo association
Cortisol/CortisoneNo association
Branche FNo association
Branche ENo association
All metabolitesNo association6βOH cortisol
4.9 (1.6/14.9)*
4.10 (1.6/10.6)
*Pathologic CTG aRR 1.6 (1/2.5)
N=120
*distance to road (50m)
aRR 0.98 (0.97/0.99)
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Results – NO2 model (aRR per 10mg/m3 NO2 increase)
AllNo association
Cortisol/CortisoneNo association
Branche FNo association
Branche ENo association
All metabolitesNo association6βOH cortisol
1.3 (0.9/1.7)
6βOH cortisol/F
1.14 (0.9/1.5)
N=120
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Conclusions
PM10 exposure during pregnancy is associated with an overall increase of stress steroids production.
Air pollution exposure during pregnancy is associated with alterations of the steroid profiles in newborns’ urine.
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Conclusions
If air pollution modelling was purely based on home location of mothers without considering maternal mobility, the risk ratio significantly decreased
background NO2 is associated with increased 6bOH-cortisol 6bOH-F/F ratio, which may suggest induction of the cytochrome enzymes.
Even at low environmental doses of air pollution we found steroids response as know trigger such as perinatal stress
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OHF RR CI CINo2 background 4.96 1.64 14.94sex 1.00 0.73 1.37Gest age 0.89 0.79 0.99sectio 0.99 0.66 1.48smoke 0.89 0.60 1.32education mid 0.75 0.48 1.16education upper 0.72 0.47 1.12studywgt 1.00 1.00 1.00Road dist 50m 0.98 0.97 1.00urban 0.90 0.65 1.25season 1.56 0.92 2.65
p-value0.011.000.040.960.550.190.150.020.010.540.10
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Methods - DAG
Air pollution Steroids
SESPregnancy behaviour psychological stress
Maternaleducation
Season sex
Gestational age + weight
sectio
Smoking
Urban/rural home
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PM10 effect on overall steroids production – different adjustments
PM 10 models
adjustments
crude season perinatal traffic perinatal+traffic
RR
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
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Air Pollution exposure of the BILD cohort (region of Bern – Switzerland)
05
10
15
20
25
Fre
que
ncy
10 20 30 40NO2 model
05
10
15
20
Fre
que
ncy
12 14 16 18 20NO2 background
01
02
03
04
05
0F
req
uenc
y
10 15 20 25PM10 background
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European Environment Agency – NO2 annual averages 2005