The Boundaries of the State: Private versus state

Education the final frontier for libertariansJames Tooley, Newcastle UniversityJustified roles for the stateFundingRegulation ProvisionTwo decades workFilling in that table

Justified roles for the stateFundingRegulation ProvisionEvidence for the propositionGrassroots PrivatisationHistorical Gulf of Kutch

Lagos, Nigeria

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South Sudan

Sierra Leone

Somaliland95% confidence interval.ParameterEstimateStandard ErrorSig at 5%MinMaxBase CaseConstant99.50.705*98.1182100.8818Pupil Variance134.173.588*127.1375141.2025School Variance57.2167.933*41.6673272.76468-2*log likelihood: 22951.06Final Model(3)Fixed PartConstant49.8958.91*32.431467.3586School CoefficientsFor Profit6.841.613*3.6785210.00148Non Profit 7.3861.782*3.8932810.87872School Assisted by Gov't-3.7781.541*-6.79836-0.75764Low Cost4.1512.147-0.057128.35912School Basic Facilities Factor0.170.05*0.0720.268Class Mean Standardised IQ0.1780.06*0.06040.2956Teachers Experience0.1370.052*0.035080.23892Children in Class0.0410.023-0.004080.08608School Advanced Facilities 0.1270.069-0.008240.26224Pupil CoefficientsIQs0.0620.04-0.01640.1404Pupil is a Girl-3.9360.5*-4.916-2.956Age-0.4790.173*-0.81808-0.13992Mother's Education Factor0.0440.024-0.003040.09104Mother is Housewife1.0020.45*0.121.884Mother is Professional1.5640.918-0.235283.36328Father's Education FactorHousehold Modern Wealth0.040.026-0.010960.09096Total Family Members-0.0510.022*-0.09412-0.00788Interaction Termsprofiq0.1930.049*0.096960.28904nprofiq0.0930.049-0.003040.18904profage-0.6180.356-1.315760.07976profsex1.8270.962-0.058523.71252lowcostgirl2.2981.781-1.192765.78876Pupil Variance123.0773.289*116.6306129.5234School Variance27.7294.228*19.4421236.01588-2*log likelihood: 22627.84Predicted standardised scoresDoe Community: Fees are higher in privateMean total education costsSending a child to government school is 75% the cost of sending to private

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300,000 low cost private schools across India

80,000 low cost private schools across Anglophone West AfricaPay-As-You-Learn Education

Every Child MattersDoing Good and Doing Well

@james_tooley

@james_tooley

Punjab Private Schools Organisation

Stanford Social Innovation ReviewWe dont want you to shy away from being an advocate for low cost private schools.... But, in the developed world we believe that the government is responsible for providing educational opportunities to all citizens. Why shouldnt one expect the same of governments in the developing world?Historically, we needed the state to get education goingCompletely untrue

Historical issues Professor E.G. West The Galloping HorsesNewcastle Commission (1861) in England, only 4.5% of the school-aged population not in schoolForsters Education Act (1870) explicitly to fill in the gaps left by private provision. Explicitly not for universal state provision.PrivatisationTwo modelsThe Supplicant ModelVouchers, charter schools, free schools, etc.

55AgeNumber of children5 to 17 years53,760,195"School Choice" programs - demand side reforms% of 5 to 17 yearsVoucher programs104,9190.20%Tax-credit scholarship programs151,1650.28%Education savings accounts3620.00%Total demand-side reforms256,4460.48%"School Choice" programs - supply side reformsCharter schools2,300,0004.28%Total "School Choice" programs2,556,4464.76%Voucher and similar programmes US to dateAgeNumber of children (2013)5 to 17 years53,760,195% of 5 to 17 yearsTotal "School Choice" programs2,556,4464.76%Self-organising/spontaneous order "school choice"Private schools6,000,00011.16%Homeschooling1,500,0002.79%Total Self-organising/spontaneous order7,500,00013.95%RATIO of "school choice" to "School Choice"2.9Spontaneous order education US to dateJust Do ItGrassroots privatisation, chains of private schools, education learning giants

Education BrandsFrom India and China