Education Chapter 10 This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The...

EducationEducationChapter 10Chapter 10

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EducationEducation EducationEducation refers to efforts to teach each refers to efforts to teach each

new generation (usually by more mature new generation (usually by more mature members)members) Beliefs, way of life, valuesBeliefs, way of life, values Some knowledge and skills of the groupSome knowledge and skills of the group


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Schools as Agencies of Schools as Agencies of Social ControlSocial Control Education: societyEducation: society’’s way of transmitting s way of transmitting

information about the ways of life of groupinformation about the ways of life of group Complex societies rely on formal Complex societies rely on formal

education (schools) to transmit and education (schools) to transmit and develop cultural heritagedevelop cultural heritage

In U.S., over In U.S., over $800 billion$800 billion spent annually spent annually on educationon education Reaches 75 million studentsReaches 75 million students


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Education and DemocracyEducation and Democracy U.S. education system focuses on U.S. education system focuses on

teaching teaching individualityindividuality AND AND individual and individual and academic freedomacademic freedom

Instills democratic cultural valuesInstills democratic cultural values Literacy for allLiteracy for all Respect for all backgroundsRespect for all backgrounds Public support for educationPublic support for education Nurture and use all human resourcesNurture and use all human resources


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Development of Education Development of Education in the United Statesin the United States 1717thth century century: colonists support education: colonists support education

Sometimes Sometimes ““common citizenscommon citizens”” excluded excluded 19th century19th century: wave of democratization: wave of democratization

Public elementary education establishedPublic elementary education established Public high schools increase after Civil WarPublic high schools increase after Civil War

20th century20th century: higher education expands: higher education expands College enrollment continues to growCollege enrollment continues to grow


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School Enrollment, 1970-2008School Enrollment, 1970-2008

Maggie Barbieri

Figure needs to be updated


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U.S. School SystemU.S. School System DemocraticDemocratic

Unitary school system Unitary school system Most children receive similar educationMost children receive similar education

Initially, an 8-4-4 structureInitially, an 8-4-4 structure Junior high, middle school concept addedJunior high, middle school concept added

Most communities now 5-3-4-4 structureMost communities now 5-3-4-4 structure Kindergarten, preschool, Head Start recent Kindergarten, preschool, Head Start recent

additionsadditions Community colleges still expandingCommunity colleges still expanding


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Public School System ChallengesPublic School System Challenges Changing technologyChanging technology Private/charter Private/charter

schools schools Home schoolingHome schooling Inequality in fundingInequality in funding Textbook Textbook

inadequaciesinadequacies

Dropouts: may lead to Dropouts: may lead to unemployment, crimeunemployment, crime

MulticulturalismMulticulturalism Decline in effectiveness Decline in effectiveness

for allfor all No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind

Act requirementsAct requirements


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Evolution of the College CurriculumEvolution of the College Curriculum Post Civil War:Post Civil War:

Students increase, diversified interestsStudents increase, diversified interests Developments in science, technologyDevelopments in science, technology Scientific, technical, and vocational training Scientific, technical, and vocational training

increase at college level in responseincrease at college level in response Elective system developsElective system develops

Elective system shortcomings lead to Elective system shortcomings lead to majormajor requirementrequirement Also established liberal education guidelinesAlso established liberal education guidelines


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Evolution of the College Curriculum Evolution of the College Curriculum (continued)(continued) 1930s: survey courses, core curriculums1930s: survey courses, core curriculums

General education (old liberal education)General education (old liberal education) 1960s: emphasis on social issues1960s: emphasis on social issues 1970s: increase in business, professions 1970s: increase in business, professions

(career paths to earn money)(career paths to earn money) Back to basics and broad liberal educationBack to basics and broad liberal education


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Is U.S. Educational System Equal?Is U.S. Educational System Equal? Overall, provides opportunities for mostOverall, provides opportunities for most Funding disparity Funding disparity

Variations in taxable wealth lead to school Variations in taxable wealth lead to school funding inequitiesfunding inequities

Income status, education closely linkedIncome status, education closely linked In 1970s, Supreme Court directs states to In 1970s, Supreme Court directs states to

explore alternative financing (away from local explore alternative financing (away from local income tax funding)income tax funding)

Still not equal in all communitiesStill not equal in all communities


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How Much Education is How Much Education is Enough?Enough?

Maggie Barbieri

Figure needs to be updated


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Current U.S. Education SystemCurrent U.S. Education System

High school level education worthwhile for most High school level education worthwhile for most Many believe most students should receive some college Many believe most students should receive some college

educationeducation Increase in need for vocational trainingIncrease in need for vocational training Need to upgrade respect, pay for unskilled jobsNeed to upgrade respect, pay for unskilled jobs

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