Editorial Smart Control Algorithms and Technology in Civil...
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Editorial Smart Control Algorithms and Technology in Civil Infrastructures Hongnan Li, 1 Gangbing Song, 2 Jeong-Tae Kim, 3 and Gang Li 1 1 Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering Director, Smart Materials and Structures Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA 3 Department of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea Correspondence should be addressed to Gang Li; [email protected] Received 18 December 2013; Accepted 18 December 2013; Published 20 January 2014 Copyright © 2014 Hongnan Li et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Structural control technology has made considerable progress by developing theoretical and experimental researches. Following the emerging of complex structures such as the ultrahigh and long-span infrastructure, the conventional control strategy for structures in civil engineering gradually exposes limitation in the computation time, robustness, stability, and so forth, while smart control algorithms and technologies being introduced or incorporated in the structural control technology solve the above problems. In addition, new smart materials, for example, shape memory alloy, replacing traditional general materials, such as steel and rubber, improve controllers’ performance. is special issue accepted and published 9 papers, the content of which falls into two broad categories: smart control algorithms and smart materials (or controllers). ese novelty research works were applied widely to infrastructure engineering, for instance, steel framed structures, reinforced concrete buildings, and power transmission tower-line sys- tem. e market-based control as a control strategy is devel- oped based on an analogy between the control force-energy source in the structural area and the supply-demand in the free market. Since the supply-demand relation model and iteration procedure for the optimal price solution are necessary and relatively hard to understand and perform for civil engineers, therefore, G. Li et al. established an equivalent fuzzy logical rule to replace the existing market-based control method. L. Huo et al. conducted the optimal design of liquid dampers for the seismic response control of structures and selected the H ∞ norm of the transfer function from the ground motion to the structural response as the optimal objective. e optimization procedure is carried out by using genetic algorithms in order to reach an optimal solution. e proposed method has the unnecessary advantage to solve the equation of motion for the control system, and the obtained optimal parameters of dampers are not dependent on the ground motion records. e results show that the structural responses can be effectively reduced and subjected to earthquake excitation at different sites. A semiactive control platform based on magnetorheo- logical dampers comprising the Bouc-Wen model, the semi- active control law, the shear wall damage criteria, and steel damage material model is developed in LS-DYNA program, based on the data transferring between the main program and the control platform by L. Xu et al. e nonlinear seismic control effectiveness is verified by the numerical example of a 15-story steel-concrete hybrid structure, and results indicate that the control platform and the numerical method are stable and fast; the relative displacement, shear force, and damage of the steel-concrete structure are largely reduced using optimal designed MR dampers; and the deformations and shear forces of the concrete tube and frame are better consorted by the control devices. Y. Shen et al. presented a static control algorithm for adaptive beam string structures based on the nonlinear finite element method and simulated annealing algorithm. An Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mathematical Problems in Engineering Volume 2014, Article ID 842802, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/842802
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Transcript of Editorial Smart Control Algorithms and Technology in Civil...
EditorialSmart Control Algorithms and Technology in CivilInfrastructures
Hongnan Li,1 Gangbing Song,2 Jeong-Tae Kim,3 and Gang Li1
1 Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China2Department of Mechanical Engineering Director, Smart Materials and Structures Laboratory, University of Houston, Houston,TX 77004, USA
3Department of Ocean Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
Correspondence should be addressed to Gang Li; [email protected]
Received 18 December 2013; Accepted 18 December 2013; Published 20 January 2014
Copyright © 2014 Hongnan Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Structural control technology has made considerableprogress by developing theoretical and experimentalresearches. Following the emerging of complex structuressuch as the ultrahigh and long-span infrastructure,the conventional control strategy for structures in civilengineering gradually exposes limitation in the computationtime, robustness, stability, and so forth, while smartcontrol algorithms and technologies being introduced orincorporated in the structural control technology solvethe above problems. In addition, new smart materials, forexample, shape memory alloy, replacing traditional generalmaterials, such as steel and rubber, improve controllers’performance.
This special issue accepted and published 9 papers, thecontent of which falls into two broad categories: smartcontrol algorithms and smartmaterials (or controllers).Thesenovelty research works were applied widely to infrastructureengineering, for instance, steel framed structures, reinforcedconcrete buildings, and power transmission tower-line sys-tem.
The market-based control as a control strategy is devel-oped based on an analogy between the control force-energysource in the structural area and the supply-demand inthe free market. Since the supply-demand relation modeland iteration procedure for the optimal price solution arenecessary and relatively hard to understand and perform forcivil engineers, therefore, G. Li et al. established an equivalentfuzzy logical rule to replace the existingmarket-based controlmethod.
L. Huo et al. conducted the optimal design of liquiddampers for the seismic response control of structures andselected the H
∞norm of the transfer function from the
ground motion to the structural response as the optimalobjective. The optimization procedure is carried out by usinggenetic algorithms in order to reach an optimal solution.The proposed method has the unnecessary advantage tosolve the equation of motion for the control system, and theobtained optimal parameters of dampers are not dependenton the ground motion records. The results show that thestructural responses can be effectively reduced and subjectedto earthquake excitation at different sites.
A semiactive control platform based on magnetorheo-logical dampers comprising the Bouc-Wen model, the semi-active control law, the shear wall damage criteria, and steeldamage material model is developed in LS-DYNA program,based on the data transferring between the main programand the control platform by L. Xu et al.The nonlinear seismiccontrol effectiveness is verified by the numerical example of a15-story steel-concrete hybrid structure, and results indicatethat the control platform and the numericalmethod are stableand fast; the relative displacement, shear force, and damage ofthe steel-concrete structure are largely reduced using optimaldesignedMRdampers; and the deformations and shear forcesof the concrete tube and frame are better consorted by thecontrol devices.
Y. Shen et al. presented a static control algorithm foradaptive beam string structures based on the nonlinear finiteelement method and simulated annealing algorithm. An
Hindawi Publishing CorporationMathematical Problems in EngineeringVolume 2014, Article ID 842802, 2 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/842802
2 Mathematical Problems in Engineering
optimization model of adaptive beam string structures withmultiple active struts is established, which uses a sensitivityanalysis method. A nonlinear iteration procedure is usedafterwards to calibrate the results of linear calculation.
H. Qian et al. investigated the properties of superelasticNiTi shape memory alloys and emphasized on the influ-ence of strain rate on superelastic behavior under variousstrain amplitudes by cyclic tensile tests. A novel constitutiveequation is proposed to describe the strain-rate dependenthysterestic behavior of superelastic shape memory alloys atdifferent strain levels. Numerical simulation results basedon the proposed constitutive equation and experimentalresults are in good agreement. The findings in this paper willassist the future design of superelastic SMA-based energydissipation devices for the seismic protection of structures.Moreover, H. Qian et al. presented a preliminary study on theevaluation of an innovative energy dissipation system withthe shape memory alloys for structural seismic protection.A recentering shape memory alloy damper was utilized asenergy dissipation components, and improved constitutiveequations based on the existing model were proposed forsuperelastic Nitinol wires and used in the damper. Cyclictensile-compressive tests on the damper with various pre-strain under different loading frequency and displacementamplitude were conducted.
L. Tian et al. carried out the seismic control of powertransmission tower-line coupled system subjected to multi-component excitations.The schematic of tunedmass damperis introduced, and equations of motion of a system with thetuned mass damper under multicomponent excitations areproposed. The time domain analysis takes into account thegeometric nonlinearity due to the finite deformation. Theoptimal design of the transmission tower-line system withthe tuned mass damper is obtained according to the differentmass ratio.
In summary, the topics of smart control algorithms,materials, and technologies in infrastructure engineering arediscussed in this special issue. Most problems, which arerelatively difficult to answer using the traditional methods,such as actuators optimization, robustness improvement, andcontrol law rule simplifications, were solved with variousdegrees. We hope that smart control algorithms and tech-nologies are thought to have tendency and the effectiveapproach to handling current issues existing in the structuralcontrol area, and the involved papers contribute to furtheradvance in the area of smart control in civil engineering.
Acknowledgments
All guest editors would like to thank the investigators for theircontributions and the referees for their efforts on reviewingthe papers.
Hongnan LiGang Li
Gangbing SongJeong-Tae Kim
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