EDA

Electronic Design Automation & The Concept behind VHDLProf. Anish Goel

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Contents Milestones for IC Industry Abstraction levels of VLSI design Digital System Design Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC’s) Function Implementation using PLA Electronic Design Automation Hardware Description Language (VHDL) Simulation & Synthesis Basics of CPLD and FPGA

Electronic Design Automation Anish Goel

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Milestones for IC Industry 1947: Bardeen, Brattain & Shockly invented the transistor,

foundation of the IC industry. 1952: SONY introduced the first transistor-based radio. 1958: Kilby invented integrated circuits (ICs). 1965: Moore’s law. 1968: Noyce and Moore founded Intel. 1970: Intel introduced 1 K DRAM.


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Milestones for IC Industry 1971: Intel announced 4-bit 4004 microprocessors (2250 transistors). 1976/81: Apple II/IBM PC. 1984: Xilinx invented FPGA’s. 1985: Intel began focusing on microprocessor products. 1987: TSMC was founded (fabless IC design). 1991: ARM introduced its first embeddable RISC IP core (chipless IC

design).


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Milestones for IC Industry (Cont’d) 1996: Samsung introduced IG DRAM. 1998: IBM announces1GHz experimental microprocessor. 1999/earlier: System-on-Chip (SOC) applications. 2002/earlier: System-in-Package (SIP) technology. An Intel P4 processor contains 42 million transistors (1 billion

by 2005) Today, we produce ~ 1 billion transistors per person Semiconductor/IC: #1 key field for advancing into 2000

(Business Week, Jan. 1995).


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From Wafer to Chip


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Abstraction levels of VLSI design


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Digital System Design

Several conflicting considerations: Design Complexity: large number of devices/transistors Performance: optimization requirements for high performance Time-to-market: about a 15% gain for early birds Cost: die area, packaging, testing, etc. Others: power, signal integrity (noise, etc), testability, reliability,

manufacturability, etc.


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What is an ASIC ? What is an Integrated Circuit (IC)?

ICs are basically “chips” Silicon Wafers Transistors, resistors, capacitors fabricated

Can be either Digital or Analog Microprocessors, Amplifier, Memory

ASICs are Application Specific ICs Designed for a special application ASICs may be customized or mass produced Digital to Audio Converter Mpeg2 Decoder


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SSI/SPLD Design Style


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Let’s Start from the Basics… Programmable Logic Arrays (PLA)

A PLA is a general circuit that can be programmed to implement any Boolean function. This is based on the fact that a Boolean function can be

expressed in a sum of product (SOP) form

Example: A 3 input PLA


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3 Input PLA…Implement f1 = A.B + A.C + B.C

And

f2 = A. B.C

Using the givenPLA circuit

Inputs

Outputs

AND array

OR array


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Function Implementation using PLA.. Inputs

Outputs

AND array

OR array

A B C

f1

f2


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Abstraction Abstraction: when looking at a certain level, you don’t

need to know all details of the lower levels.

Design domains: Behavioral: black box view Structural: interconnection of sub-blocks Physical: layout properties

Each design domain has its own hierarchy.


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Electronic Design Automation (EDA) Electronic Design Automation (EDA): (Short

Definition) The use of software to automate electronic (digital

and analog) design.

Electronic Design Automation (EDA) (Longer Definition) Electronic design in which

the design is entered using design capture tools or using a text editor and a hardware description

language possibly consisting of “parts” from a vendor's library


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Hardware Description Language VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language)

Widely used in industry. Ada-like syntax. (Ada is a DoD-developed

language for large embedded systems.) Developed as part of U.S. Department of Defense

(DoD) VHSIC program in 1983 Became IEEE standard 1076 in 1987. Standard updated in 1993.


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Synthesis Design TargetDesign Target:

The type of device to be manufactured or programmed. Synthesis programs generate output for a particular design target.

Design Targets

Programmable Logic Array (PLA): Chip that can be programmed (once) to implement a logic

function. Usually programmed at the factory. PLAs might be used in prototypes or when only a few parts are needed.

Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC): A fully custom chip.

Usually the fastest design target, can have the most components.


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Overall Concept on VHDL VHDL is a Standard Language Standard in the electronic design community. VHDL will virtually guarantee that you will not have to throw

away and re-capture design concepts simply because the design entry method you have chosen is not supported in a newer generation of design tools.

Takes advantage of the most up-to-date design tools, and will have access to a knowledge-based of thousands of other engineers, many of who are solving problems similar to your own ( Model availability).

Tool interoperability Design Documentation


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Designing in VHDL


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How to design a complex chip using VHDL… Complex like:

A microcontroller (maybe similar to 8051) Peripheral device (maybe similar to 8255 or 8251) Video encoder MP3 player

Decide and design the architecture on paper. Implement the blocks of the chip using VHDL. Interconnect these blocks to form the

complete architecture. This is called structural style of modeling.


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Blocks? Architecture?


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Simple example. Design and implement a 4:16 decoder using VHDL. VHDL code for 4:16 decoder.library IEEE;

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;

entity decoder4to16 is

Port ( D : in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);

E : out std_logic_vector(15 downto 0);

F : in std_logic);

end decoder4to16;

......

……..

……….


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Simulation and Synthesis. Verify the functionality of the designed circuit

using software. (Simulation) ModelSim Max Plus –II

Implement the functionality into a CPLD and FPGA and use it into your circuit or application. Xilinx ISE Quartus

You can even purchase a processor that will be sent to you by email. What ?? E-mail ?? Altera NIOS-2


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VHDL for Simulation Purely behavioral Architectural: bus widths, number of

processors Off-the-shelf components Test benches


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VHDL for Synthesis RTL description => Synthesis Compiler => Gates (LSI, TI) Simulate RTL description for functionality Simulate gates for timing and to check synthesis Target a synthesis tool from the start Logic model, used to simulate ASIC in any environment


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CPLD and FPGA… PLA and PAL’s. PLD’s. SPLD’s. CPLD FPGA.


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Complex Programmable Logic Device CPLD architecture Small number of large

PLDs on a single chip Programmable

interconnect between PLDs


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Field Programmable Gate Array FPGA architecture Much larger number of smaller programmable

logic blocks. Embedded in a sea of lots and lots of

programmable interconnects.


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System on chip FPGA technology allows you to embed a

processor, ROM, RAM, DSP, and any other block onto a single chip

This is replacing a lot of Application Specific Integrated Circuit chips

This has major advantages for electronics companies in terms of cost, reliability, reusability of intellectual property, and time to market


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