Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession
-
Upload
roxette-layosa -
Category
Environment
-
view
558 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession
![Page 1: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ecotones and Edge EffectEcological Succession
Roxette U. Layosa
Joann B. Talandron
![Page 2: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ecotone•was coined from a combination of eco(logy) plus -tone, from the Greek tonos or tension (a place where ecologies are in tension).•The zone of transition along the edges of two adjacent ecological communities.
![Page 3: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Edge effect-An “edge” is the boundary or interface between two biological communities or between different landscape elements.- refer to the changes in population or community structures that occur at the boundary of two habitats.
![Page 6: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
As the edge effects increase, the boundary habitat allows for greater biodiversity.
![Page 8: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Types of Edge effect
• Inherent— Natural features stabilize the border location.
• Induced—Transient natural or human related activities, subject borders to successional changes over time.
• Narrow—One habitat abruptly ends and another begins.
![Page 9: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types of Edge Effect• Wide (ecotone)—Substantial
distance separates border from point where physical conditions and vegetation do not differ from interior of patch.
• Convoluted—Border is non-linear.• Perforated—Border has gaps that
host other habitats.
![Page 10: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ecological Succesion - the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time.
![Page 11: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Two types of
Ecological Succession
![Page 13: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Primary Succesion
–community changes which occur on an entirely new habitat which has never been colonized before.
![Page 14: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Secondary Succession
-community changes which take place on a previously colonized, but disturbed or damaged habitat
![Page 17: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Secondary Succesion
![Page 18: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Climax• The final or stable community
![Page 19: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Characteristics of Climax Community
• The vegetation is tolerant of environmental conditions.
• It has a wide diversity of species, a well-drained spatial structure, and complex food
chains.
![Page 20: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Characteristics of Climax Community
• The climax ecosystem is balanced.
• Individuals in the climax stage are replaced by others of the same kind.
• It is an index of the climate of the area.
![Page 21: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Types of climax
• Climatic Climax- one of the ecological
climaxes possible in a particular climatic area whose stability is directly due to the influence of climate
![Page 22: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Types of climax
• Edaphic Climax -an ecological climax resulting from soil factors and commonly persisting through cycles of climatic and physiographic change
![Page 23: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Types of climax
• Catastrophic Climax-Climax vegetation
vulnerable to a catastrophic event such.
![Page 24: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Types of climax• Disclimax
-When a stable community, which is not the climatic or edaphic climax for the given site, is maintained by man or his domestic animals, it is designated as Disclimax (disturbance climax) or anthropogenic subclimax (man-generated)
![Page 25: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Types of climax
• Subclimax-The prolonged stage in succession just preceding the climatic climax.
![Page 26: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Types of climax
Preclimax and Postclimax • Preclimax - if the community has
life forms lower than those in the expected climatic climax,
• Postclimax - a community that has life forms higher than those in the expected climatic climax
![Page 27: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
THEORIES
![Page 28: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Monoclimax /Climatic Climax Theory
- an invention of the American ecologist F.E. Clements .
- This states that every region has only one climax community, toward which all communities are evolving and that, given sufficient time and freedom from interference.
![Page 29: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Polyclimax Theory
-. A.G. Tansley .- community are
controlled by soil moisture, minerals, ions, activity of animals, topography, and other factors.
![Page 30: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Climax Pattern Theory- proposed by Whittaker (1953)- recognizes a variety of
climaxes governed by responses of species populations to biotic and abiotic conditions.
- the total environment of the ecosystem determines the composition, species structure, and balance of a climax community
![Page 31: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
THAT’S ALLTHANK YOU!!!
![Page 32: Ecotone and edge effects & ecological succession](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/557c6b79d8b42a855d8b4c4c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)