Ecology Notes – Part 3: Interactions Biology Spring 2012 Biology Spring 2012.
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Transcript of Ecology Notes – Part 3: Interactions Biology Spring 2012 Biology Spring 2012.
Ecology Notes – Part 3:
Interactions
Ecology Notes – Part 3:
InteractionsBiology
Spring 2012Biology
Spring 2012
Interactions
• Types of Interactions among organisms
• Symbiosis (3 types)
• Competition
• Predator/Prey (Predation)
Interactions – Symbiosis
Symbiosis: the relationship between two organisms in which at least one benefits, but the other does not die
Sym – = with / together
-biosis = mode of life
Ex: bird on hippos, fleas on dogs
SymbiosisCommensalism: one organism benefits and the other is not harmed (+/0)
Ex: Lichen on a tree branch
Maggots decomposing a rotting carcass
Symbiosis
Mutualism:
both organisms benefit from the relationship (+/+)
Ex: Clown fish and sea anemone
Insect pollination of flowers
SymbiosisParasitism:
One organism benefits and the other is harmed, but not killed (+/-)
Ex: mosquito and human
Interactions – Competition
• Competition:
• When different species struggle over the same resource
• Resources are limited by supply
• Water, food, shelter
Interactions – Competition
• Revisiting the niche…
• Niche: the role of an organism in its environment, “how it makes a living”
• How it gets food
• Habitat conditions for survival
• Is it used for food?
• All its biotic and abiotic resources
Competition, cont.•Competition can happen in two
ways:
•Between two different species (interspecies)
•Cheetahs & lions competing for antelopes.
•Between members of the same species (intraspecies).
•Mountain goat rams butting heads to “win” the females.
Interactions – Competition
• Competitive Exclusion Principle:
• If two species compete for the same resource(s), one will win and one will lose
• The “winner” gets the territory / resource(s)
• The “loser” will either move to another location or get killed
Interactions – Predator/Prey• Predation: where one organism
kills another for its food
• Organism getting the food is the predator
• Organism that is the food is the prey
• 1 lives & 1 dies
Which is which?
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9600151/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/gator-guzzling-python-comes-messy-end/
To succeed...
•Both predators and prey adapt to better survive
•Predators get better at catching prey
•Prey get better at avoiding being caught.
What do they need?
• Think of a predator/prey relationship
• Generate a list of characteristics that are helpful for each to survive…
• Predators:
• Prey:
Predator adaptations
•Speed & agility or power & strength
•Acute senses
•“Weaponry:” claws, fangs, poison
•Camouflage
Interactions – Overview
Write a general description of what happens to each organism in the following types of interactions among organisms:
• Symbiosis:
• Describe each of the 3 types of symbiosis
• Competition:
• Predator/Prey (Predation):
Interactions – Overview Types of
InteractionOne
organismThe other
organism…Symbiosis Doesn’t die
1.
2.
3.
Competition
Predator / Prey