Ecology: Lectures 14-16
description
Transcript of Ecology: Lectures 14-16
![Page 1: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ecology: Ecology: Lectures 14-16Lectures 14-16
PredationPredation
November 2, 2005November 2, 2005
![Page 2: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lotka-Volterra equation:Lotka-Volterra equation:Prey isocline (Prey isocline (ddV/V/ddt = 0)t = 0)
Fig. 15.1aFig. 15.1a
![Page 3: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Lotka-Volterra equation:Lotka-Volterra equation:Predator isocline (Predator isocline (ddC/C/ddt = 0)t = 0)
Fig. 15.1bFig. 15.1b
![Page 4: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Lotka-Volterra model: with Lotka-Volterra model: with both predator and prey both predator and prey
isoclinesisoclines Fig. 15.1 cFig. 15.1 c
![Page 5: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Lotka-Volterra prediction:Lotka-Volterra prediction:Predator-prey flux through Predator-prey flux through
timetime Fig. 15.1 dFig. 15.1 d
![Page 6: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Rosenzweig-MacArthur: Rosenzweig-MacArthur: Stable cycleStable cycle
Fig. 15.3 aFig. 15.3 a
![Page 7: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Rosenzweig-MacArthur: Rosenzweig-MacArthur: Stable/dampened oscillationsStable/dampened oscillations
Fig. 15.3 bFig. 15.3 b
![Page 8: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Rosenzweig-MacArthur: Rosenzweig-MacArthur: Unstable/increasing Unstable/increasing
oscillationsoscillations Fig. 15.3 cFig. 15.3 c
![Page 9: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Rosenzweig-MacArthur: Rosenzweig-MacArthur: RefugeRefuge
Fig. 15.3 dFig. 15.3 d
![Page 10: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Gause’s predation experiments:Gause’s predation experiments:DidiniumDidinium predation on predation on ParameciumParamecium
Fig. 15.4Fig. 15.4
![Page 11: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Huffaker’s experiments: mite Huffaker’s experiments: mite predation and complex environmentspredation and complex environments
Fig. 15.6Fig. 15.6
![Page 12: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Functional responses of Functional responses of predator to prey predator to prey concentrationsconcentrations
Type 1 response: Fig. 15.7 aType 1 response: Fig. 15.7 a
![Page 13: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Functional responses of Functional responses of predator to prey predator to prey concentrationsconcentrations
Type 2 response: Fig. 15.7 bType 2 response: Fig. 15.7 b
![Page 14: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Functional responses of Functional responses of predator to prey predator to prey concentrationsconcentrations
Type 3 response: Fig. 15.7 cType 3 response: Fig. 15.7 c
![Page 15: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Prey switchingPrey switching
Fig. 15.10Fig. 15.10
![Page 16: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Aggregative responseAggregative response
Fig. 15.12Fig. 15.12
![Page 17: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Optimal foraging: bluegill sunfishOptimal foraging: bluegill sunfish
Fig. 15.16
![Page 18: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Chemical defense/toxicity/ Chemical defense/toxicity/ warning colorationwarning coloration
![Page 19: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Warning colorationWarning coloration
From Campbell et al., Biology
![Page 20: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Batesian mimicryBatesian mimicry
Harmless Harmless hawkmoth larvahawkmoth larva resembles the resembles the diamond-shaped head of a diamond-shaped head of a poisonous snakepoisonous snake
From Campbell et al., Biology
![Page 21: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Müllerian mimicryMüllerian mimicry
Both the cuckoo wasp and the yellow Both the cuckoo wasp and the yellow jacket deliver toxic stings. jacket deliver toxic stings.
From Campbell et al., Biology
![Page 22: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cryptic colorationCryptic coloration
Poorwill and frogPoorwill and frog
From Campbell et al., Biology
![Page 23: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Lynx and hare cyclingLynx and hare cycling
Fig. 16.19Fig. 16.19
![Page 24: Ecology: Lectures 14-16](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56813b29550346895da3ec5e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Hare and winter vegetation Hare and winter vegetation (“browse”) cycling(“browse”) cycling
Fig. 16.9Fig. 16.9