eBook - A Gift Booklet with Karmaveera Kannada Weekly

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©Ê{„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ ©Ê{„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ ©Ê{„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ ©Ê{„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ ©Ê{„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book ϨÊtS|Œ∑´{´ / Õˆ´¸ˆ´~´ ƒ´G˜˛ ≥ʘ˙´t ˆ„}°¶ Ó„·¨„v n©W. ƒ´”mL”©ÊS¨´ Ψ´” Æ ^¨„Xm¨´” ÏÕΔF´‚ F´vF´m›´. ^¯˘ ˆ´Ï∑´{´” Ψ´”∑´©´©´”≠ uÌÏ©´ §„X·ˆ´ˆ„y ˆ´~„¨„X@”t ∏Ì˘~´”; ˆ´ÌN©Ê §„X·ˆ´¨´¯˘ ÏB´‘≥´”ƒ´m˙„ ƒ´G˚´ ∏Ì˘~´”; ˆÊ¨´m∏‘ˆÊ~´~´” ∏¨´”q©´ F´‘›´@” ƒ´G¶ˆ„X˚´∏Ì˘~´”; ^©„x·ΔF´ˆ´~´” ©„ÌÆLÌ∑´{´ ^¨´”j˙´ ^©„x·ΔF´fi„, ≥ÊB´≥´∑´{´©´”≠ B„·{´∏Ì˘~´”; ϺÊÛ`∑´{´” F´vˆ´…˛@”¯˘ B´”¨´”fl~´”ƒ´ ƒ„}ºÊÛ`ˆ´ ≥´˙´t∑´{´©´”≠ ˛ªßˆ„X˚´∏Ì˘~´” ; e·ƒ´©´ ›´‘˙„v∑´{´” ƒ´”B´`·@”~´” ∏¨´”q©´ ¨´z´Œ©´ ƒ´G¶ˆ„X˚´ ∏Ì˘ƒ´I; Ù˛BÊ≥´ˆÊ~´~´” ±flB„X·¨´ J¿©„∑´{´©´”≠ F´I©´f ˆ´]ÿ∑„ ˆ´¿”‚ƒ´m˙„ ∏]ÿ≥´∏Ì˘~´”, ƒ´””m¨Ê∑´∏B´”¨Ê¨´ J¿©„∑´{´ Ùw”ˆ´” ©„X·¿ƒ´©´X≠ u¨´fl≥´∏Ì˘~´”; ¨Êz´Œ`ˆ´~´” ∏¨´”q©´ ^S¨´ŒF´«wŒ˙„@” ∏∑„∫ F´vº„Û ˙´m¨´”ˆ„X˚´∏Ì˘¨´”... BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W ( ( ( ( ( | ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W | ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W | ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W | ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W | ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W)

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eBook - A Gift Booklet with Karmaveera Kannada Weekly

Transcript of eBook - A Gift Booklet with Karmaveera Kannada Weekly

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´

Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´Ï¨´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´Ï¨´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´Ï¨´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´Ï¨´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´

e - b o o k

ϨÊtS|Œ∑´´ / Õˆ´¸ˆ´~´ ƒ´G˜˛ ≥ʘ˙´t ˆ„°¶

Ó„·¨„v n©W. ƒ´”mL”©ÊS¨´

“Ψ´” Æ ^¨„Xm¨´” ÏÕ∆F´‚ F´vF´m›´. ^¯˘

ˆ´Ï∑´´” Ψ´”∑´©´©´”≠ uÌÏ©´ §„X·ˆ´ˆ„y ˆ´~„¨„X@”t

∏Ì˘~´”; ´ÌN©Ê §„X·ˆ´¨´¯˘ ÏB´‘≥´”ƒ´m˙„ ƒ´G˚´ ∏Ì˘~´”;

ˆÊ¨´m∏‘ˆÊ~´~´” ∏¨´”q©´ F´‘›´@” ƒ´G¶ˆ„X˚´∏Ì˘~´”;

^©„x·∆F´ˆ´~´” ©„ÌÆLÌ∑´´ ¨´”j˙´ ©„x·∆F´fi„, ≥ÊB´≥´∑´´©´”≠

B„·´∏Ì˘~´”; ϺÊÛ`∑´´” F´vˆ´…˛@”¯˘ B´”¨´”fl~´”ƒ´

ƒ„ºÊÛ`ˆ´ ≥´˙´t∑´´©´”≠ ˛ªßˆ„X˚´∏Ì˘~´” ; e·ƒ´©´

›´‘˙„v∑´´” ƒ´”B´`·@”~´” ∏¨´”q©´ ¨´z´Œ©´ ƒ´G¶ˆ„X˚´

∏Ì˘ƒ´I; Ù˛BÊ≥´ˆÊ~´~´” ±flB„X·¨´ J¿©„∑´´©´”≠ F´I©´f

ˆ´]ÿ∑„ ˆ´¿”‚ƒ´m˙„ ∏]ÿ≥´∏Ì˘~´”, ƒ´””m¨Ê∑´∏B´”¨Ê¨´

J¿©„∑´´ Ùw”ˆ´” ©„X·¿ƒ´©´X≠ u¨´fl≥´∏Ì˘~´”;

¨Êz´Œ`ˆ´~´” ∏¨´”q©´ ^S¨´ŒF´«wŒ˙„@” ∏∑„∫ F´vº„Û

˙´m¨´”ˆ„X˚´∏Ì˘¨´”... “

BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W

( ( ( ( ( “| ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W| ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W| ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W| ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W| ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W“)))))

Ó„·¨„v n©W. ƒ´”mL”©ÊS¨´ , nm.n., (°eº„ nmß, n§Wn§W.[.,)

(Ωc.cÍ.ΩkÍ<) , F´v≥Ê~´ `ƒÊŒB´ˆ´~´”, ±ˆÊz´ƒÊ], p˙´v¨´”∑´Œ

ˆ´…˛∑´´” :

Applied English Course (9th Edn. 14th Impression),English Grammar, English Language Games, A Practical Handbookof Audio-Visual Aids for Teaching of English, Vocabulary, Word Power

≥´Xy§W ˚„‘, ˆ´S¨„ B„·´”ƒ´ ≥´ƒ´”@”, ©Êª©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book, Ïz´x≥´m≥„a, qxeˆW√,

ˆ´~„X·˚WF´˛ qxºW, Ï≥´Z@” (ƒ´”ˆ´y´ ≥ÊB´≥´ ʨ´m∏‘), Ùmfl˘∆FW ¥ÓÊ∆FÊ ±¿∑´´”, ´©´≠˚´

¥ ¥ÓÊ∆FÊ ±¿∑´´”, Ùmfl˘∆FW F´¨´≥´mF´˙´”Ú, z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´, Ùmfl˘∆FW ¥ÓÊ∆FÊ

Ó„X·◊¨´©„∑„Xm¨´” ¨´…ˆWÆz´vƒ´w Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´ ˆ„°¶, Ù˙Êt|.

z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´¯˘ :

Ωk>D ‘m¨´ Ù¯˘@”ƒ´~„∑„ ´ƒ´”Z ©Êt∆F´©´§W Ù`√b‚¿XtMW ±iFW Ùmfl˘∆FW ƒ´”˙´”Ú

zÊm˛`ˆ„·˙´©W Ù`√b‚¿XtMW ±iFW Ùmfl˘∆FW BÊ∑´X Ó„·¨„v F´v˛∆FÊ•©´ (Bedre Founda-tion for Non-Formal Education, Research and Training) ≥´m≥„a∑´´¯˘

≥´”ƒ´G~´” ®øc “Applied English Course” Õ[~´∑´´©´”≠ ©´˚„ߨʤ~„. ˙´ƒ´”Z¨„· ≥´xm˙´

∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@” B„Xm|¨´”¤ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ƒ´”˙´”Ú Ù˙´~„ ±◊¨´”`ˆ´ ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´ ≥EÌ¥Ó´tƒ´©´”≠

B„Xm|~´”ƒ´ q~´” ¥ÓÊ∆FÊ F´v\X·∑´zʧ„ B„Xm|~´”˙ÊÚ~„.

F´I~´≥Êy~´ :

ΩkkÍ ~´¯˘ ¥ÓÊ~´˛·@” LX`@”~W À„m∏~W©´ƒ´~´“Out-standing IndianYouth -1996” ~Ê∆F´Ã F´vz´ßÚ, Ωkkk~´¯˘ @””©„≥„Xy· ≥´m≥„a∑´´” ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥´mJ¿©„∑´´

¥ÓÊ~´˛·@” uˆ´Xy¿¨´ Õˆ´¸w ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥´mz„X·◊¨´©„ @””©„≥„Xy ~Ê∆°Ã·@” F´vz´ßÚ ƒ´”˙´”Ú

LFÊ`©´ ©„X·‘ ÙMʈ´”~´ FÊv\X·e˙´ p©´≠¨´ F´¨´ˆ´ .

ˆ´ƒ´”ŒÏ·~´ ˆ´ƒ´”ŒÏ·~´ ˆ´ƒ´”ŒÏ·~´ ˆ´ƒ´”ŒÏ·~´ ˆ´ƒ´”ŒÏ·~´ ¨´ ˛m∑´´ Ó„X·©´≥W ≥´mpˆ„∑´Êfl qxeˆW√qxeˆW√qxeˆW√qxeˆW√qxeˆW√ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥ÊB´≥´≥ÊB´≥´≥ÊB´≥´≥ÊB´≥´≥ÊB´≥´

qv·˚„∑´´”qv·˚„∑´´”qv·˚„∑´´”qv·˚„∑´´”qv·˚„∑´´” nm∏ q~´” B„X˙´Ú∑„∑´´©´”≠ Ùƒ´~´” ~´pß~´”ƒ´I¨´©´”≠ Ù¯˘ ≥´Z‘≥´∏B´”¨´”.

F´vˆÊz´ˆ´~´ ©´”¶

˜·∑„Xm¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´v≥´m∑´˜·∑„Xm¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´v≥´m∑´˜·∑„Xm¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´v≥´m∑´˜·∑„Xm¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´v≥´m∑´˜·∑„Xm¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´v≥´m∑´

B´§„X· iF„vm˚W√,

F´‘·ˆ„¸∑´„§Ê˘ ƒ´””fl¨´” ©Êƒ´I ~´º„∑Êfl B„X~´˚´”ƒ´ ƒ´””m›„ ©´ƒ´”Z zʧ„ @”¯˘

B´ÌƒÊ~´” ›´¿”ƒ´Uˆ„∑´´©´”≠ ©´˚„ߨ´~´”. ƒ´””_tƒÊfl ~´º„@”¯˘ ©Êƒ´I §„∏v‘∑„ B„·∑„

F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ Ψ´Ó„·ˆ´”, B„X≥´ Ï∆F´@”∑´´©´”≠ ˛„Xy·Ó„·ˆ´” ^©´”≠ƒ´ ∏∑„∫ ©´ƒ´”Z

ˆÊ˘≥W©´¯˘ ©´ƒ´hW ƒ´”mL”Ê ƒ´”mL”Ê ƒ´”mL”Ê ƒ´”mL”Ê ƒ´”mL”Ê Ï”≥W B„·ªˆ„X¿‚~´”.

©´ƒ´”Z¨´” pˆ´y ˙´~´∑´˛. Ï”≥W º„X˙„∑„ ©Êƒ„§Ê˘ ˙´”mÓÊ iF„vm¶˘@Gfl

ƒ´G˙ʶڷÏ. FÊÔ~´ ƒ´G˚´”ƒ´ ≥´ƒ´”@”¨´¯˘ ƒ´G˙´v F´v˛¥ÓÊ Ï”≥W ˙´”mÓÊ ßÈ´”‚.

±ƒ„”·§„ ©´ƒ´”Z§„˘· u∏»~´m˙„ ±¿ ±˚ÊÚ, ±¶≥ÊÚ n∆∆F„X‚m¨´” B„X≥´ B„X≥´ Ï∆F´@”

∑´´©´”≠ B„·ª „X˚ÊÚ~„ ^m „v, ÎBW! `·ƒ´« ©´ƒ´”Z ˆÊ˘ß∑„· ≥„·‘ „Xm ´” [¶Ú·‘, ∆F„‚!

^m¨´BÊ∑„ F´v˛ ∑´”~´”ƒÊ~´ ©´ƒ´”Z¯˘ ≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W

Ù~„X·¨´” `ƒ´”∑„ ∑„X˙´Ú§Ê˘? ‡ ƒÊ~´¨´ ≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W©´¯˘ ˆ´S¨„

B„·„X·ˆ„ @G~´X ߨ´H ±fl~´¯Ì˘. F Ô~´t F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´¯˘~´”ƒ´ um¨´” S „@”©´”≠ Ψ´¯ˆ„y

B„·ª¨´~´” Ï”≥W. ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ n¨´”¤`m˙´” ∏”|Hƒ´m˙´ ƒ´”m˛v ^©„X≠· ˆ´S¨„@”©´”≠

∑´U‚@Gfl Î|¨´. ´” ƒ´”∆F´ ´ u´∑„· S „ ƒ´””fl ´” B„X·@””Ú. ƒ´” „Ú·©ÊZ „X· ´”?

°·‘@”˚W ƒ´””fl@”¯ „y Ù©´X≠ ◊ ´Œ∑´mM„ Ù „ ^§Êx? “©ÊZ „X· ´”?

≥´ƒ´”@” ƒ„·≥W‚ ±∑„X·¨´ˆ„y ©´ƒ´hW F´v˛¥ÓÊ Ï”≥W [˚ÊÚ~Ê? ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ

Ψ´”˛Ú¨´¤ F´I≥´Úˆ´ƒ´©´”≠ ˙„∑„¨´” ˆ„Xm˚´” ©´ƒ´”∑„§Ê˘ ˆÊw”ƒ´m˙„ ˜¶¨´”, “©„X·¶

ƒ´”ˆ´y„·, ‡ F´I≥´Úˆ´ n∆F„X‚m¨´” ∏wÿ ∏wÿ¨Ê¤fl¨„ ^§Êx? `ƒ´”∑„§Ê˘ Ùm˙´B´

∏wÿ∏wÿ¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ¶¨´”ˆ„Xm˚´” S „ Ψ„X·ˆ„, F´¨´t B„·„X·ˆ„ Ù∆F´‚ Ê©„·?

um¨´” ƒ„·„ Ù¨„· F´I≥´Úˆ´ ˙´©´≠∆F´‚ˆ„y· ˙Ê©„· ˆ´S¨„·©´ `ƒ´”∑„ Î| B„·ª¨„v, F´¨´tƒ´©´≠

∑´U‚@Gfl ÓÊ≈”FÊÔ~´ ƒ´G¶ u°Nߨ„v, B„·fl~´”˙„Ú·? ” ^m˙´ ˆ„·ª¨´~´”.

“^¨„§Ê˘¨´~´X ≥Ê◊¨Êt©Ê Ï”≥W?”“ ˆÊt≥„MW©´¯˘ ´S¨„, F´¨´t∑´´©´”≠ ƒ„X¨´§„· ~„ˆÊ˚WŒ ƒ´G¶ ÙU‚¨´¤~„ ¨´©´”≠

M„·FW ~„ˆÊ˚´Œ~W©´¯˘ BÊq ˆ„·´∏B´”¨´” ^∆F„‚.” “∏B´´ m¨„v Ï·¶\X· M„·FW©´¯˘ ~„ˆÊ˚WŒ ƒ´G¶ ÙU‚¨´¤~„ Ï·¶\X·

ˆÊt≥„MW F„˘·@”~W©´¯˘ BÊq U.Ï.@”¯˘ ©„X·˚´∏B´”¨´”.”“ ^¨´” [¿”‚ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ± ‘·˛ ƒ´G˙Ê˚´”˙„Ú, F´¨´t Ψ´”˙„Ú ^m¨„v

©´mÓ„X·ˆÊ∑´”˙ÊÚ Ï”≥W?”˜·∑„ ˙´~´∑´˛@”¯˘©´ uÓ„X»∏b»~´X um¨„Xm¨´” ˙´~´B´ F´v˛qv\”· ƒ´tˆ´Ú

ƒ´G¶¨´”v. nÌ˘~´ ^¥[FÊv@” ˆ„·ª¨´ ƒ„”·§„ Ï”≥W ©´∑´”˙ÊÚ, “BE¨´”, ±¨´~„ `ƒ´”∑„

± ˙´~´B´¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ߈„v B„·fl~´”˙„Ú·?”“ ˙´”mÓÊ ›„©Ê≠fl~´”˙„Ú, Ï”≥W.”“ FÊÔ~´ ^©„X≠·¨´©´≠ ß©„ƒ´G ˙´~´B´ ©„X·¶ ˆ´¯@”∏B´”¨´”. ˙´”mÓÊ

Ùm¿~„ß‚m∑W ±fl~´”˙„Ú.”“ ≥´xÌN ˙´¶·‘, `ƒ„”ZÌ˘~´ ˆ„@”¯˘@”X ^m˙´B´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ∏~´”ƒ´ |©´

¨´X~´ƒ„·©´X ÙÌ˘.”“BE¨Ê, ^¨´” B„·∑„, Ï”≥W?”“©„X·¶, `·ƒ´I ©´ƒ´”Z §Êm∑„x·ºW §ÊtÓW©´¯˘ ÙU‚~´”ƒ´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W∑´´©´”≠

©„X·¶|¤·‘ ˙Ê©„·? ^¨´©´”≠ ˚„≥WyMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W˚„≥WyMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W˚„≥WyMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W˚„≥WyMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W˚„≥WyMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ^©´”≠˙ÊÚ~„. ^¨´~´¨„·

pˆ´y ~´XF´ƒ´©´”≠ §ÊtFWMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W§ÊtFWMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W§ÊtFWMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W§ÊtFWMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W§ÊtFWMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ^m˙Ê~„. ^¨´” `ƒ´”Z F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´

±ˆÊ~ ∆F´”‚ pˆ´y¨Ê¨´¯˘ ¨´©´”≠ ©„X·MW ∏”ˆW ´mF´«t¿~W©„X·MW ∏”ˆW ´mF´«t¿~W©„X·MW ∏”ˆW ´mF´«t¿~W©„X·MW ∏”ˆW ´mF´«t¿~W©„X·MW ∏”ˆW ´mF´«t¿~W m˙Ê~„. ¨´” Ù©´X≠

pˆ´y ∑Ê˙´vˆ„y Ùª¨´”, m∑„@”¯˘ ¶≥´”ƒ ∆F´”‚, m¨´~„ um¨´” „X˚´d ÊtÌ”ˆ´”t§„·¿~W

∑Ê˙´v¨Ê¤¨´~„, ^¨´©´”≠ Fʃ´hWMÊFW ˆ ´mF´«t¿~WFʃ´hWMÊFW ˆ ´mF´«t¿~WFʃ´hWMÊFW ˆ ´mF´«t¿~WFʃ´hWMÊFW ˆ ´mF´«t¿~WFʃ´hWMÊFW ˆ ´mF´«t¿~W ^m˙Ê~„. ˜·∑„

ˆ´mF´«t¿~W∑´´¯˘ Ó„·~„ Ó„·~„ Ï◊¨´∑´ªƒ„.”“^¨„v Ï”≥W, ^¨„· ƒ´G˙Ê˚„X· F´I≥´Úˆ´ ^m¨´v§Ê˘ ^¨´”?”

“ ˙´¶·‘ B„·ªÚ·`. ‡ Fʃ´hW MÊFW

ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ^S¨´ƒÊ ©„X·MW ∏”ˆW ∑Ê˙´v¨´

Ù§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ‘·˚´~W ©´”≠ƒ´ um¨´” VF´ˆ´~´w Ù¨„.

^¨´©´”≠ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ (ÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆW)

(e-book) m˙´ ´‘·˙Ê~„. ©´ƒ´”Z F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ‡

ÙÆ∏”ˆW ~´XF´¨´¯˘ ≥´mˆ´¯ß ˆ„XMÊ‚∑´ ± um¨´”

VF´ˆ´~´w¨´¯˘ `ƒ´”Z F´Ô~´tF´I≥´Úˆ´¨´m˙´B´ ≥´”ƒ´G~´”

Øcc F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©„≠· ˙´”m∏∏B´”¨´”. `ƒ´”Z

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 01 02 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book

F´Ô~´tF´I≥´Úˆ´∑´„§Ê˘ ± F´I¿‚ VF´ˆ´~´w¨´¯˘ ˜¶≥´”ƒ´I¨´‘m¨´ `·ƒ´I ˜·∑„ ¥ÓÊ~´ƒÊ¨´

p·Ìƒ´©´”≠ B„X˙´”Ú ∏~´”ƒ´ F´vƒ„”·@”ƒ„· Ù~„X·Ì˘, ^§Êx?”“∏‘· ÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆW ˜¶¨´” ≥„‚b§Êfl ˆÊ˘ß∑„ ∏~´∏B´”¨´” ^§Ê˘ Ï”≥W?”“±@”ÚFÊN ≥„‚b§Wqm∑W, ^¨´©„≠· ˜˚´ˆ„Xm˚´” ˆÊ˘ß∑„ ∏‘Ú·@”m˙„. ^¨´~´

Ó„§„ ≥´¨´t ƒ´˙´”Ú ≥ÊÏ~´ ~´XFÊ≈”∑´X ºÊßÚ. ‡ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ ∏´ˆ„ ºÊßÚ ±¨´ BÊ∑„§Ê˘

ƒ´””m¨„ ˆ´¶ƒ„” Ó„§„∑´X ß∑´∏B´”¨´”. ±∑´ `·ƒ´I nÌ˘~´X ^¨´©´”≠ ˙´~´∏B´”¨´”.”“Ï”≥W, ^¨´” B„·∑„ ˆ„Ì≥´ ƒ´G˚´”˙„Ú?”

“ ^¨´” F´I¿‚ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ˙´~´B´ƒ„· ˆ„Ì≥´ ƒ´G˚´”˙„Ú. ^¨´~´¯˘ um¨´”

ƒ´G`¿~W Ù¨´”¤ F´I¿∑´´©´”≠ „~„@”¯ˆ„y, ƒ„”·§„ Æ „´∑„ ≥´‘≥´¯ˆ„y n~´˚´” ∏¿©W∑´´”

Ù~´”˙´Úƒ„. ^¨´~´¯˘©´ F´~´¨„@” ƒ„”·§„ ^ˆ´¸~´∑´´”, p˙´v∑´´” ƒ´”X¶ ∏~´”˙´Úƒ„.

^ƒ´I∑´´©´”≠ ©Êƒ´I Ψ´∏B´”¨´”. ¨„X˚´d ¨„X˚´d ^ˆ´¸~´∑´´”, ˆ´]ÿ∑„ z´vƒ´” ±∑´¨´

‘·˛@”¯˘ B´ß~´” ∏wÿ¨´ ©„≠§„ Ù~´”˙„Ú. ƒ´””m¨„ ¨´ˆ„y ßN·ˆ´~W º„X·¶≥´”ƒ´ ƒ´tƒ´≥„a

Ù~´”˙´Úm˙„. ±∑´ Ù@”~W F„π·©W /ßN·ˆ´~W∑´´ ≥´BÊ@” |m¨´ ©Êƒ´I ± F´I≥´Úˆ´ƒ„· Î|

B„·´”ƒ´ FÊÔ~´ƒ´©´”≠, F´¨´tƒ´©´”≠ „·´∏B´”¨´”. B„p–©´ σ´~´fi„ Ó„·q¨´¤~„ ¨´~„X´∑„·

^´ƒ´¶≥´§Ê∑´”ƒ´ Ïz´xˆ„X·z´, ƒ´G˜˛ „X·z´∑´´ ≥´BÊ@” F´˚„@”∏B´”¨´”. uU‚©´¯˘

Ù¶· Ïz´xˆ„X·z´ƒ„· `ƒ´”Z ˆ„©´¯˘ Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„. ƒ„XÓ„§W F„π·`©´ ˙´~´B´ º„·[©´¯˘¿”‚

ˆ„Xm˚´” Î˚Ê˚´”ƒ´m˙´B´ F´I¿‚ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” ∏~´”˛Úƒ„.”“^¨´~´ um¨´” ƒ´G¨´‘ “©Ê¨´~´X `ƒ´”Z B´˛Ú~´ Ù¨„@G, Ï”≥W?”“^¨´©´”≠ ©Ê©´” ˆ„Xm˚´”ˆ„X„X ·ˆ„ ±∑´¨´∆F´”‚ ¨´”ÓÊ‘ ‡∑´. ±¨´~„ ^¨´~´¯˘

^´ƒ´¶ß Ψ´”ƒ´ ÙÆ∏”ˆW ∑´´©´”≠ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ∏∑„∫ ƒ´G˜˛ u¨´fl≥´”ƒ´ ƒ´G≥´

F´˛vˆ„∑´Ê¨´ ¶eMW¶eMW¶eMW¶eMW¶eMW (˜m|©´ pFWpFWpFWpFWpFW), ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ¿”˚„·, °.ß.ˆ„x≥Wˆ´mF´«t¿~W ¿”˚„·, °.ß.ˆ„x≥Wˆ´mF´«t¿~W ¿”˚„·, °.ß.ˆ„x≥Wˆ´mF´«t¿~W ¿”˚„·, °.ß.ˆ„x≥Wˆ´mF´«t¿~W ¿”˚„·, °.ß.ˆ„x≥W‚

ƒ„X¨´§Ê¨´ƒ´I∑´´ º„X˙„ Vp˙´ƒÊfl `·˚´§Ê∑´”ƒ´ ˆÊmFÊtˆW‚ ¶≥Wy (ß.¶.)∑´´¯˘

F´v˛ m∑´´X ·˚´”˛Ú¨Ê¤~„. ·ƒ´I ƒ´I∑´´©´”≠ ´mF´«t¿~W©´¯˘ „~„¨´” Ψ´∏B´”¨´”.

º„X˙„∑„ qv\”·UƒW M„ˆW‚ √ ß≥„‚mMW nm∏ um¨´”

F„«v·∑Êvbtm ≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ ^ƒ´I∑´´©´”≠

Ψ´”ƒ´m˙„@”X ƒ´G˚´∏B´”¨´”. BÊ∑„\”· nm.

n≥W. MʈWÙMW ≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ÌX Î|≥´∏B´”¨´”.

©Êƒ´I ≥´”ƒ´”Z©„· ˆ´X˙´”, ±¯ß ˛ª@”∏B´”¨´”.”“Ó„·~„ ˆ´˚„ n¯˘ ß∑´”˙„Ú, Ï”≥W?”“ Ù˛Ú·p©´ B„X≥´ ≥´mz„X·◊¨´©„∑´´

iF´ÌƒÊfl ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· Æ ±¶\X·ˆ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· Æ ±¶\X·ˆ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· Æ ±¶\X·ˆ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· Æ ±¶\X·ˆ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· Æ ±¶\X·

Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´ ≥´ƒ´”F´Œˆ´

um¨´”∑´X˚´”ψ„≈”m¨´ B„X≥´¨Ê¨´ ∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ï◊¨Ê©´ ( Multi- Media )∏´ˆ„∑„ ∏m|¨„. ƒ´”¯‚Ï”·¶@G º„X˙„∑„ Ïz´x¨´ B´Ìƒ´I ≥´mF´ˆ´ŒºÊÌ∑´´” º„X˙„∑´X¶

Ùm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MW (INTERNET) Ïz´xƒÊt° ºÊÌ B´~´¶¨„. Ïz´x¨´ @Gƒ´I¨„·

ˆ´mF´«t¿‘·ˆ´…˙´ ∑´vmS ÊÌ@”¨´ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠, ∑´vmS ´∑´´ F´v˛∑´´©´”≠ ´mF´«t¿~W©´¯˘

ƒ´”X¶ßˆ„X´ Ì” Ù¨´‘m¨´ ≥´BÊ@”ƒÊ∑´”˙´Ú¨„. Ù¨´ˆÊyfl\”· ˆ„̃´I ^m∑´¶∑´´X

˙„~„@”ÌNU‚ƒ„. ^ƒ´I∑´´©´”≠ ≥´mF´qŒß¨´¯˘ `ƒ´”∑„ B„p–©´ ƒ´G˜˛ ß∑´”˙´Ú¨„. Ù¯˘

©„X·¶ ‡ p˙´v¨´¯˘ ÙÆ∏”ˆW Ù¨„. BÊ∑„\”· Ùƒ´I ÏÊ≥´∑´´” ” ^m˙´ B„·ª Ï”≥W

ÙÆ∏”ˆW ÙÆ∏”ˆW ÙÆ∏”ˆW ÙÆ∏”ˆW ÙÆ∏”ˆW ©´ p˙´v BÊ∑´X ÏÊ≥´¨´ F´U‚ ˙„X·‘ߨ´~´”.

“ Ùƒ´I∑´´¯˘ ˆ„̃´©´”≠ ©´ƒ´”Z §ÊtÓW©´¯˘~„X· ˆ´mF´«t¿~W©´¯˘ BÊq

˙„X·‘≥„Ú·©„. ƒ´””m|©´ ƒÊ~´¨´ ≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W©´¯˘ ©Êƒ´I §ÊtÓW©´¯˘

≥„·~„X·w ±@”Ú. ©Êƒ´« `·ƒ´« n§Ê˘ ‡ ˙´~´B´¨´ ÙÆ∏”ˆW, ©„X·MW∏”ˆW

ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ˜¶¨´”ˆ„Xm˚´” zʧ„∑„ ∏~´”ƒ´m˙„ ±∑´”ƒ´ |©´ @Gƒ´˙´”Ú ∏~´”˙„XÚ· ! ”“Ï”≥W, ƒ´” „Ú “°v§W ˛m∑´ª©´ ø® ©„· ˙Ê‘·_©´”≠ Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ^m ´

@G „ ±›´‘≥ÊÚ~„ B„·ªÚ·~Ê?”“ Î, ^¨Ê, F´v˛ƒ´∆F´Œ “°v§W ø® ©´”≠ Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ƒ´”˙´”ÚÏz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ƒ´”˙´”ÚÏz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ƒ´”˙´”ÚÏz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ƒ´”˙´”ÚÏz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú

∑´vmS¨´≥Êxƒ´”t |©´ ∑´vmS¨´≥Êxƒ´”t |©´ ∑´vmS¨´≥Êxƒ´”t |©´ ∑´vmS¨´≥Êxƒ´”t |©´ ∑´vmS¨´≥Êxƒ´”t |©´ ±›´‘≥´§Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„. ≥„N·©W ¨„·z´¨´ ˆ„¿§„X·`@G¨´¯˘

F´v˛ƒ´∆F´Œ “°v§W ø® ~´m¨´” ≥„·mMW ºÊºWŒ~´ F´Iwt|©´ƒ´©´”≠ ±›´‘≥´§Ê∑´” Ú¨´”¤

^ƒ´˙´”Ú ^¯˘ ƒ´G~Ê¿ƒ´G˚´§Ê∑´”ƒ´ F´v˛F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ º„X˙„∑„ um¨„Xm¨´”

∑´”§Ê[@”©´”≠ „X˚´”ƒ´ F´‘FÊÔ~´ Ù¨„@”m˙„. “°v§W ø® ~´m¨´” F´vsÊt˙´ ©Ê¿ˆ´ˆÊ~´

ϯ@”m z „·ˆW√°@”~Wϯ@”m z „·ˆW√°@”~Wϯ@”m z „·ˆW√°@”~Wϯ@”m z „·ˆW√°@”~Wϯ@”m z „·ˆW√°@”~W, ˆÊ¨´m∏‘ˆÊ~´ Ï”∑´” t§W ˚ ´ ≥ ´ƒÊŒm˙ „Ï”∑ ´” t§W ˚ ´ ≥ ´ƒÊŒm˙ „Ï”∑ ´” t§W ˚ ´ ≥ ´ƒÊŒm˙ „Ï”∑ ´” t§W ˚ ´ ≥ ´ƒÊŒm˙ „Ï”∑ ´” t§W ˚ ´ ≥ ´ƒÊŒm˙ „

ƒ„X¨´§Ê¨´ƒ´~´” „ƒÊ◊|·©´~ʨ´¨´”¤. ±¨´¤‘m¨´ ƒ´~„Ì˘~´ ©„©´°∑Êfl ‡ |©´ƒ´©´”≠

Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ^m˙´ ±›´‘≥´Ì” @””©„≥„Xy ≥´m≥„a @””©„≥„Xy ≥´m≥„a @””©„≥„Xy ≥´m≥„a @””©„≥„Xy ≥´m≥„a @””©„≥„Xy ≥´m≥„a ˆ´~„ `·¶˙´”Ú. ^¨„·

F´vˆÊ~´ Ïz´x¨´ n§Ê˘ ¨„·z´∑´´¯˘ ^m¨´” ‡ |©´ƒ´©´”≠ Ïz„·∆F´ ‘·˛@”¯˘

±›´‘≥´§Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„. ^m¨´” ˆ„X©„@” F´ˆ´¸ nÌ˘~´X

um¨„Xm¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ƒ´©´”≠ „X´” ƒ´I¨´”, Ψ´”ƒ´I¨´”,

Î|¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ˆ´”‘˙´” ›´pŒ≥´”ƒ´I¨´”,

F´‘›´@” ƒ´G¶ˆ„X˚´”ƒ´I¨´”, ˜·∑„ um¨´§Ê˘

um¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ˆ„y ≥´m∏m◊|ߨ´ ›´¿”ƒ´Uˆ„

©´˚„≥´”˙ÊÚ~„. F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” ‡∑´ ^m∑´¶∑´´¯˘

ƒ´G˙´vƒ´Ì˘ Ùm¿~W©„MW©´¯˘ ˆ´X˚Ê ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„.

Ïz´x¨´ F´vƒ´””_ §„∏v‘∑´´©´”≠ Ù§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 03 04 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book

§„∏v‘∑´Êfl ∏¨´§Ê≈”≥´”˙´Ú Ù~´”ƒ´I¨´‘m¨´ ©Êƒ´I Ù¯˘ ˆ´”ª˙´”ˆ„Xm˚„· ± n§Ê˘

§„∏v‘∑´´©´”≠ ≥´mF´qŒß ƒ´G˜˛ F´˚„@”∏B´”¨´”, ∑„X˙ÊÚ@GÚ? Ùƒ´˙´”Ú Ù∆F´”‚

≥ʈ´”. ƒ´”˙„Ú ƒ´””m¨„ nm¨Ê¨´~´X Ù¨´~´ ∏∑„∫ B„›´”– ›´›„Œ ƒ´G˚„X·w, Ó„”“ S¨Êtmˆ´Xt , Ï”≥W.”^ÓÊ»! n∆F„X‚m¨´” ÏÊ≥´∑´´”. “©„§Ê˘ B„X≥´ Ï∆F´@”∑´´”! ©Êƒ´I B„›´”–

B„›´”– Ψ´”˙ÊÚ B„X·¨´m˙„ ©Êƒ´I ˛ª¨´”ˆ„Xm¶~´”ƒ´I¨´” n∆F„X‚m¨´” ˆ´¶ƒ„” ^©´”√˙„Ú

^§Êx? ©Ê©´m˙´X ©´ƒ´”Z ƒ´”©„·¯~´”ƒ´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ©´¯˘ Ùƒ„§Ê˘ Ù~´”˙„Ú ^m˙´

˛„Xym˚„· Ù‘˘Ì˘. ©´ƒ´hW F´F´IN B„·∑´X F´v˛ m∑´´X ¶eMW ß.¶. ´~ÊÚ©„· Ù~ÊÚ~„.

^¨´©„≠§Ê˘ uƒ„”Z BÊq ©„X·˚„· [¶Ú·`. Ùm¿~W©„MW ≥´mF´ˆ´Œƒ´« Ù¨„. ©´ƒ´”Z

©´ƒ´”Z F„«·≥W‚ ÏÊ≥´∑´´ ‘·˛@”¯˘ ©´ƒ´”∑„ Ùm¿~W©„MW ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ|m¨´ Ùƃ„”·§W

^m¨´~„ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ m›„ ÏÊ≥´ Ù¨„. ©´ƒ´”∑„ F„«·≥W‚ƒ´”©W F´˙´v „X˚„X·‘·˛@”¯˘

ˆ´mF´«t¿~W©´¯˘ ©´ƒ´”∑„ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ ^m›„ ˆ´X˚´ ∏~´”˙„Ú. ^m¨´BÊ∑„ ©´©´∑´X um¨´”

Ùƃ„”·§W ÏÊ≥´ Ù¨„. ©´ƒ´hW F´F´IN¨´”, ^ƒ´”Zm¨´”, ˙´ƒ´”Zm¨´”, nÌ˘~´¨´X¤

Ùƃ„”·§WÙƃ„”·§WÙƃ„”·§WÙƃ„”·§WÙƃ„”·§W ÏÊ≥´ Ùƒ„. ©Êƒ„§Ê˘ ‡∑´ ßUL©W√ ßUL©W√ ßUL©W√ ßUL©W√ ßUL©W√ ±iFW Ùm¶@G Ù¨´¤ BÊ∑„·©„·

Ïz´xƒÊt° ºĘ̂´¯˘ ©„UL©W©„UL©W©„UL©W©„UL©W©„UL©W ˆ´X˚´ ±fl¨„¤·ƒ„. `·ƒ´« ≥„·‘Ú·‘ ˙Ê©„· ©´ƒ´”Z

ºỄ´©´≠? `·ƒ´I Ùm˙´B´ @Gƒ´I¨Ê¨´~´X ÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆW ©„X·¶¨´¤~„ ©´ƒ´”∑„ @Gˆ„

∏~„¨´” ˛ª≥´ÓÊ~´¨´”? ∏‘·˛·‘ ˙Ê©„·?

˜·∑„·©„· B„X≥´¨Ê¨´ um¨´” n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F„©W ¶ˆ´¸©´‘@”¯˘ ƒ´”∑„ Ó„·ˆÊ¨´

@Gƒ´I¨„· F´¨´¨´ ^S¨´Œƒ´©´X≠ `·ƒ´I ˛ª@”∏B´”¨´”. ^¨´~´ ∏∑„∫ ƒ´”˙„XÚƒ„”Z

B„·„Ú·©„, ±@GÚ?

ƒ´”˙„Ú ¥Ó„·U@G∑„Ú·©„, Ó„.

`ƒ´”Z °v·˛@”

≥´”ƒ´”m˙´≥´”ƒ´”m˙´≥´”ƒ´”m˙´≥´”ƒ´”m˙´≥´”ƒ´”m˙´

“`¨´” Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ?“`¨´” Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ?“`¨´” Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ?“`¨´” Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ?“`¨´” Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ?

©´ƒ´”∑„§Ê˘ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” p~´F´‘p˙´. ˆ´S¨„, ˆ´ƒ´©´, F´v∏m◊¨´, ©Ê¿ˆ´, σ´”z„Œ,

ˆÊ¨´m∏‘, e·ƒ´©´›´‘˙„v, ±˙´Z›´‘˙„v, Ïz´xˆ„X·z´, ƒ´G˜˛ˆ„X·z´∑´´”,

F´¨´ˆ„X·z´∑´´”,Ïz„·∆F´ Ï∆F´@” Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´´”, F´Ô~´tF´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´”,≥ʘ˙´t ˆ´…˛∑´´”,

ƒÊtˆ´~´w ˆ„°¶∑´´”, q~´”B„X˙´Ú∑„ ∑´´” ©´ƒ´”Z Y‘©´ ÙÌ˘ƒ„· zʧ„@”

∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”∑´´¯˘ ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„. ^©„·ˆ´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ F„v·Ï”∑´´” ˙´ƒ´”Z ƒ´”©„@”¯˘@”X

um¨„Xm¨´” F´I¿‚ ∑´…B´∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@” F„«·∆°ßˆ„Xm˚´” ∏~´”˛Ú¨Ê¤~„.

ˆ´`∆F´‚ Øc F´I¿∑´´, ƒ´””_F´I¿ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ˆ„X©„@” ~´ˆÊ¸F´I¿ ∑´´ ©´˚´”ƒ„

BÊ„∑´´©´”≠ Ù‘ß ∏¨´H∑„Xª≥´§Ê¨´, ƒ´””|v˙´ ≥ʃ´”flv @”©´”≠ F´I≥´Úˆ´ nm¨´”

ˆ´~„@”§Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„. Ù¨´qym˙´ pˆ´yƒ´I∑´´©´”≠ q~´” B„X˙´Ú∑„∑´´” n©´”≠˙ÊÚ~„. ∏…B´˙W

B„X˙´Ú∑„∑´Ê¨´ Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´´”, F´¨´ˆ„X·z´∑´´”, ƒ´”BÊ ˆÊ¨´m∏‘∑´ªm¨´ ˜¶¨´”

q≥„@”¯˘ Ó„›´–∑„ ´X~´”ƒ´ Fʈ„MW F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´ƒ´~„∑„ ÏÏ◊¨´ ∑Ê˙´v, ∏wÿ∑´´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´”

n§„˘˚„ ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„. ‡∑´ÌX ˆ´X˚´ F´v˛ƒÊ~´ F´˛vˆ„∑´´” ƒ´”˙´”Ú `@”˙´ ˆÊ¯ˆ„∑´´

≥ʨ´~´ ßx·ˆÊ~´ Ï¥ÓÊ∑´∑´´¯˘ ƒ´”˙´”Ú F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´‘›´@” ^mˆ´w∑´´¯˘ ©´X~Ê~´”

F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´ F´vˆ´¿fi„@” ˆ´”‘˙´” ƒ´G˜˛ Ì¥Ó´tƒÊ∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´I¨´©´”≠ ©„X·¶¨Ê∑´ F´I≥´Úˆ´

F´vˆ´¿fi„@”X ˆ´X˚´ um¨´” ∏…B´˙W V¨´tƒ´”ƒÊfl Ó„„|¨„ n`≥´|~´¨´”.

ˆ´¯˘©´ ƒ„”·§„, ƒ´”]ÿ©´ B„m›´”∑´´ ƒ„”·§„, ›´ƒ´”Œ¨´ BÊ„∑´´ ƒ„”·§„,

º„Xm¶©´BÊ„ (F„°~´≥W)∑´´ ƒ„”·§„ ±~´m¥Ó´ƒÊ¨´ ∏~´B´¨´ Ê_¯·ˆ´~´w §„X·B´¨´

BÊ„∑´´ ƒ„”·§„ ƒ´”X¶ ©´m˙´~´ ˆÊ∑´¨´¨´ BÊ„∑´ª∑„ ƒ´∑ÊŒƒ´fi„@G∑´”ƒ´ B„X˛Ú∑„

≥´B´≥´vƒ´G©´∑´„· ˆ´„¨´” B„X·fl¨´¤ƒ´I. ˆ´Ì˘p–`m¨´ ˜¶¨´” ^˙Êt◊¨´”`ˆ´ ¶.U.°.

ƒ´”˙´”Ú n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ƒ´””¨´vw∑´´ƒ´~„∑„ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ ∑ÊS¨„ ˙´”mÓÊ ¨„X˚´d¨´”.

‡fl©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´, F´˛vˆ„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú `@”˙´ˆÊ¯ˆ„∑´ª∑„ Ó„·ˆÊ∑´”ƒ´ ˆÊ∑´¨´¨´

˙´@G‘ˆ„∑Êfl ̈ʸm˙´~´ B„ˆ„‚·~W ˆÊ˚´”

©Êz´ƒÊ∑´”˛Ú¨„. ©´ƒ´”Z¯˘ V˙ÊN¨´©„ @G∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´

ˆÊ∑´¨´ ≥Ę̂„· B„X~´¨„·z´ ∑´ªm¨´ÌX ±ƒ´”¨´”

ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ §Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„. ˆ„̃„«m¨´” ¨„·z´∑´´¯˘

ˆÊ∑´¨´ƒ´©´”≠ ƒ´”~´” ≥´m≥´y~´w (‘ ≥„q˘m∑W) ƒ´G¶

∏´≥´”˛Ú¨Ê¤~„. ©´ƒ´”Z¯˘ ± F´v@”˙´≠ ^§„X˘m¨´”

Ù§„X˘m¨´” ©´˚„@””˛Ú¨„.

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 05 06 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book

z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˆÊvm˛z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˆÊvm˛z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˆÊvm˛z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˆÊvm˛z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˆÊvm˛

‡ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” ∏~´”ƒ´ ƒ´””m›„@”X Õˆ´¸w ©´˚„@””˛Ú˙´”Ú. F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” Õˆ´¸w

ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´¯˘ um¨´” ∏…B´˙W ˆÊvm˛@”©„≠· Vm¿” ƒ´G¶¨´ƒ´I. ˆÊvm˛ nm¨Êˆ´¸w

©´ƒ´”∑„ iFÊv`√©´ ƒ´”BʈÊvm˛, ~´ ∆FÊt¨´ ˆÊvm˛ iFÊv`√©´ ƒ´”BʈÊvm˛, ~´ ∆FÊt¨´ ˆÊvm˛ iFÊv`√©´ ƒ´”BʈÊvm˛, ~´ ∆FÊt¨´ ˆÊvm˛ iFÊv`√©´ ƒ´”BʈÊvm˛, ~´ ∆FÊt¨´ ˆÊvm˛ iFÊv`√©´ ƒ´”BʈÊvm˛, ~´ ∆FÊt¨´ ˆÊvm˛ ƒ´””m˙ʨ´ ~ÊLq·@”

ßa˙´tm˙´~´∑´´” S¨´¿‚©„ ©„©´°∑„ ∏~´”˙´Úƒ„ ^S¨´ƒÊ B´ß~´” ˆÊvm˛, q¸·~´ ˆÊvm˛,B´ß~´” ˆÊvm˛, q¸·~´ ˆÊvm˛,B´ß~´” ˆÊvm˛, q¸·~´ ˆÊvm˛,B´ß~´” ˆÊvm˛, q¸·~´ ˆÊvm˛,B´ß~´” ˆÊvm˛, q¸·~´ ˆÊvm˛,

ƒ´””m˙ʨ´ ˆ´…∆° ˆÊvm˛∑´´” ©„©´°∑„ ∏~´∏B´”¨´”. Õˆ´¸w ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´¯˘ ˆ´X˚´ Ùm˙´B´

©ÊÌ”y ˆÊvm˛∑´´” L~´”flƒ„. ∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” ˆ´¯ˆ„@” ‡ |©´ ∑´´¯˘ ¨´©„·

ˆÊvm˛@”X ≥´`≠˜˙´ƒ„·! ƒ„X¨´Ì” Ù¨´¤ INFORMATION - EDUCATION -ENTERTAINMENT nm∏ F´‘ˆ´ÌN©„ ∏¨´§Êfl INFORMATION + ENTER-TAINMENT = INFOTAINMENT, EDUCATION + ENTERTAINMENT= EDUTAINMENT nm∏ F´‘ˆ´ÌN©„ F´v∏̃Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„. ≥´m˙´≥´ˆ´¯ˆ„ Ù¨´‘m¨´

≥Ê◊¨´tƒÊ∑´”˛Ú¨„. Ù¨´” ~„ƒ´ÌXt∆F´©W ~„ƒ´ÌXt∆F´©W ~„ƒ´ÌXt∆F´©W ~„ƒ´ÌXt∆F´©W ~„ƒ´ÌXt∆F´©W ^Ì˘, nƒ´ÌXt∆F´©Wnƒ´ÌXt∆F´©Wnƒ´ÌXt∆F´©Wnƒ´ÌXt∆F´©Wnƒ´ÌXt∆F´©W.

ƒ„X¨´Ì©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì©„· ˆÊvm˛ : îî ƒ´”ˆ´yª≥´Xy§W ƒ´”©„·Ì§„x· nm∏ ƒ´G˛©´m˙„

±~´m¥Ó´¨´¯˘ ˆ´¯ˆ„ ƒ´”©„@”¯˘\”· ©´˚„@””˛Ú˙´”Ú. L©´≥´ms„t@” ≥„XN·¿ ƒ´”˙´”Ú

ºÊÛ©´ ≥„XN·¿|m¨Êfl ´¯@””ƒ´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ´¯≥´”ƒ´ F´vqv\” ƒ´”©„@”¯˘ ≥Ê◊ ´tÏÌ˘ƒÊfl

ƒ´”∑´”Ï∑„ ˆ´¯≥´”ƒ´ LƒÊÓʤ‘ ƒ´”©„≈”m¨´ zʧ „zʧ „zʧ „zʧ „zʧ „ nm∏ ˆ´¯ˆÊ ≥´a´ˆ„y

ƒ´∑ÊŒƒ´fi„@G¨Ê∑´ Õˆ´¸w ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´ ƒ„X¨´Ì ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì ˆÊvm˛ JUß˙´”.

n~´˚´©„· ˆÊvm˛n~´˚´©„· ˆÊvm˛n~´˚´©„· ˆÊvm˛n~´˚´©„· ˆÊvm˛n~´˚´©„· ˆÊvm˛ : zʧ„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ƒ´”©„∑´´¯˘ „·ƒ´Ì ƒ´hEoˆ´ƒÊfl m¨´~„

ÓÊ≈”FÊÔ~´¨´ ƒ´”Ẍ´ ©´˚„@””˛Ú¨´¤ ˆ´¯ˆ„@” º„X˙„∑„ ì ∏~´B î∏~´B î∏~´B î∏~´B î∏~´B î (¯o˙´ ~´XF´)

∏´ˆ„∑„ ∏m¨Ê∑´ Ùƒ„~´˚´©´X≠ uMÊ‚fl ∏´≥´”ƒ´I¨´” ≥´Xˆ´Úƒ„m¨´” ˆ´¯ˆ„@”¯˘ Ùƒ´I

n~´˚´©´X≠ ≥´ƒ´”©´x@” ƒ´G¶ˆ„Xm˚´” ´¯≥´§Ê~´m¥[ߨÊ∑´ n~´˚´©„· Êvm˛n~´˚´©„· Êvm˛n~´˚´©„· Êvm˛n~´˚´©„· Êvm˛n~´˚´©„· Êvm˛ JUß˙´”.

ƒ´”X~´©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ´”X~´©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ´”X~´©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ´”X~´©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ´”X~´©„· ˆÊvm˛ : ƒ´hEoˆ´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ∏~´B´∑´´ º„X˙„∑„ ƒ´””¨´vw ˆ´§„@”

±Ï∆ ∆FÊy~´¨„Xm|∑„ , F´ Ô~´t F´I≥´Úˆ´, F´I≥´Úˆ´,

F´˛vˆ„∑´´”, `@”˙´ˆÊ¯ˆ„∑´´” ƒ´””|v˙´ ƒÊfl

Ó„X·◊¨´©„∑„ ∏´≥´ÌNMÊ‚∑´ ƒ ´”X~´© „· ˆÊvm˛ ƒ´”X~´© „· ˆÊvm˛ ƒ´”X~´© „· ˆÊvm˛ ƒ´”X~´© „· ˆÊvm˛ ƒ´”X~´© „· ˆÊvm˛

JUß˙´”.

©ÊÌy© „· ˆÊvm˛©ÊÌy© „· ˆÊvm˛©ÊÌy© „· ˆÊvm˛©ÊÌy© „· ˆÊvm˛©ÊÌy© „· ˆÊvm˛ : Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´

ˆÊvm˛≈”m¨Êfl ≥´ƒ´”XB´ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ

ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´Ê¨´ ~„·¶\X·, ¨´X~´¨´z´Œ©´,

Ï·¶\X·, ˆ´mF´«t¿~W Ù˙Êt|∑´´” Ó„X·◊¨´©Ê

ˆ„¸·˙´v F´vƒ„·ÕߨÊ∑´ ì ©ÊÌy©„· ˆÊvm˛î JUß˙´”. ‡ ±◊¨´”`ˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´

VF´ˆ´~´w∑´´©´”≠ @”z´ßx@Gfl ∏´ß¨Ê∑´ Ó„X·◊¨´©„ ≥´…L©Ê˙´Zˆ´ ƒÊfl~´”˙´Ú¨„

nm∏”¨´” Õˆ´¸w ˙´LÛ~´ ^¥[FÊv@”. ∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ó„X·◊¨´©Ê Ï◊¨Ê©´∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ó„X·◊¨´©Ê Ï◊¨Ê©´∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ó„X·◊¨´©Ê Ï◊¨Ê©´∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ó„X·◊¨´©Ê Ï◊¨Ê©´∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ó„X·◊¨´©Ê Ï◊¨Ê©´ B„X≥´

z´˙´ƒ´G©´¨´ Õˆ´¸w Ï◊¨Ê©´ƒÊ∑´¯¨„.

¨´©„· Êvm˛¨´©„· Êvm˛¨´©„· Êvm˛¨´©„· Êvm˛¨´©„· Êvm˛ : Ù¨´”ƒ´~„∑„ JUß~´”ƒ´ ©ÊÌ”y Êvm˛∑´´©´X≠ ∏|∑„X˛Ú,

B„X≥´¨Ê¨´, Ù¨´”ƒ´~„∑„ „·ƒ´Ì YB„∑ ∆F„‚· ë `Ì”ˆ´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´, ƒ„ºÊÛ`ˆ´ ±Ï∆FÊy~´∑´´

Ó„©´”≠B´˛Ú, ƒ´””m¨„ „̃„· ƒ´∆F´Œ∑´´¯˘ ≥ʈʸ˙Êy~´ƒÊ∑´¯~´”ƒ´ Êvm˛ Ù¨´”. Ù¨´~´

‘·˛ ‘ƒÊL”∑´´” B„·fl~´”˙´Úƒ„ n©´”≠ƒ´I¨´” ˆ´ÌN©„∑„ [U‚~´”ƒ´ Ï›Ê~´. Ù¨´ˆ„y

¨´…‹˚´ƒÊ¨´ @Gƒ´I¨„· ±◊¨Ê~´ƒ´©´X≠ ≥´◊¨´tˆ„y ©Êƒ´I ˆ„X˚´Ì” ≥Ê◊¨´tÏÌ˘ƒÊ¨´~´X ^˛

Õ·Jv¨´¯˘\”· ©´ƒ„”Z¨´”~´” `m˙´” ©´ƒ´”∑„· ˆ´¯≥´Ì” ˙„X˚´∑´”ƒ´ B„X≥´ Ï◊¨Ê©´

Ù¨Ê∑´¯¨„. Ù¨´ˆ„y ©Êƒ´I ≥´◊¨´t ˆ„X˚´∏B´”¨Ê¨´ F´I~ʃ„ nm¨´~„ ϨÊxm≥´ ±¯x©W±¯x©W±¯x©W±¯x©W±¯x©W

MÊiF´˘~WMÊiF´˘~WMÊiF´˘~WMÊiF´˘~WMÊiF´˘~W ´©´≠ | F´πt›´~W ∆FʈW| F´πt›´~W ∆FʈW| F´πt›´~W ∆FʈW| F´πt›´~W ∆FʈW| F´πt›´~W ∆FʈWì nm∏ ∑´vmS¨´¨´¯˘ B„·ª~´”ƒ´ Ï›Ê~´∑´´”. MÊiF´˘~´©´

F´vˆÊ~´ F´vF´m›´¨´ ≥´…∆°‚@G¨Êfl`m¨´ ΩkDc ~´ƒ´~„fl©´ ºÊÛ©´~ÊÕ\”Ì˘ƒ´©´X≠

1k nm¨´” F´‘∑´]ߨ´~„, ƒ´””m|©´ „·ƒ´Ì n~´˚´” ´z´ˆ´∑´´¯˘ ¨´” Ùƒ´”Z¶@Gfl,

©´m˙´~´ F´v˛ Ωc ƒ´∆F´Œ∑´ª ∑„Xƒ„”Z ©ÊÌZ¶, nm¿”ƒ´”¶, B´|©Ê~´” ƒ´”¶@Gfl

Ó„„@””˙ÊÚ ≥Êfl¨„@”m˙„. ∏B´”z´f ∏~´”ƒ´ øcΩc ƒ„·„∑„ Ù¨´” ≥´mF´«wŒ

˙´…F´ÚƒÊ∑´¯¨´”¤ ± ƒ„·„∑„ ‡∑´ ©Êƒ´I ˆ´¯˛~´”ƒ´I¨„§Ê˘ ˛·~Ê B´´˙Êfl~´”˙´Ú¨„!

©Êƒ„∆F´”‚ ˆ´¯@”Ó„·ˆ´”, ˆ´¯≥´Ó„·ˆ´”? `·ƒ„· \X·pß!

B„X≥´ L∑´˛Ú∑„, B„X≥´ z´˙´ƒ´G©´ˆ„y ˆÊ¯U‚~´”ƒ´ ©Êƒ´I ©´ƒ´”Z z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´

›´¿”ƒ´Uˆ„∑´´¯˘ B„X≥´˙´©´ƒ´©´”≠ ˙´~´¨„· B„X·¨´~„ _m¶˙Ê ƒ´”X_Œ~Ê∑´”˙„Ú·ƒ„.

^¨´ˆÊyfl\”· Ωk>Í ~´¯˘ ~´X°ß¨´ B„X≥´ ~Ê∆°Ã·@” Õˆ´¸w ·˛@”¯˘ FÊvS ´Ï”ˆ´

B´m˙´|m¨´ Ïz´xϨÊtÌ@” B´m˙´¨´ƒ´~„∑„ `·˚´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ Õˆ´¸wƒ´©´”≠

F´‘fiʃ´”ˆÊ‘∑„Xª≥´Ì” z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ ƒ´©´”≠ ≥ÊmF´v¨Ê≈”ˆ´ Õˆ´¸w¨´¯˘

^©EF´›Ê‘ˆ´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥ʃ´Geˆ´ Õˆ´¸w `·˚´Ì” ∏´ßˆ„X´ Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„ î nm¨´”

˛·ƒ´GŒ`≥´ §Êfl˙´”Ú. Ωkk> ~´ƒ´~„∑„ ‡ ¥Ó´~´ƒ´≥„

ºÊ‘∑„ ∏m|~´§„· ÙÌ˘ . Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ ±@”¤ ˆ„̃´I

Õˆ´¸w ˆ„·m¨´v∑´´¯˘ ƒ´G˙´v ∏´ˆ„∑„ ∏m|¨„.

ƒ´””m∏~´”ƒ´ ƒ´∆F´Œ∑´´¯˘ Ù©´X≠B„›´”– „·m¨´v∑´ª∑„

Ï≥´Ú‘≥´¯¨„.

Ùm¨´” ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ n©´”≠ƒ´ F´¨´ e·ƒ´©´¨´

nÌ˘ ~´m∑´∑´´¯˘ ˆ„·ª ∏~´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´m˙„\”·

z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´~´m∑´ ¨´¯˘@”X ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ F´vƒ„·Õß

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 07 08 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book

¨´z´ˆ´∑´„· V~´”ªƒ„. z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ ƒ„m¨´~„ ©´ƒ´”Z ˆ´¯ˆÊ F´vqv\”@”

¥[ƒ´…|H, ƒ´hEÌtƒ´GF´©´, ∏´ „, ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, ˙Êm˛v ´ „ ƒ´” ´”Ú Ùƒ„Ì˘ƒI∑´´©´”≠ V ´Úƒ´”

F´¶≥´Ì” ∏´≥´§Ê∑´”ƒ´ Ó„X·◊ ´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´ u¿”‚ƒ„X˙´ÚƒÊfl¨„. ƒ„ºÊÛ`ˆ´ƒÊfl

Ïz„ ·∆°ß, ƒ´G©´ƒ´ ≥´mF´©´XZÌ BÊ∑´X ˙Êm˛v ´ ≥´mF´©´XZÌ∑´´©´”≠ ∏´ß „Xm ´” ´ ˆÊ

F´vqv\”@”©´”≠ ±≥´qÚ¨Ê@” ´ƒÊfl≥´”ƒ´ ƒ„ºÊÛ` ´ Ï◊ Ê©´ƒ„· ì z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ© îz„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ© îz„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ© îz„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ© îz„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ© î .

‡ z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ƒ´I B´ÌƒÊ~´” ƒ„Ï◊¨´tƒ´”@” BÊ∑´X ±≥´qÚ¨Ê@”ˆ´

^m∑´∑´ªm¨´ ˆ´X¶¨Ê¤fl¨„. ^ƒ´I∑´´¯ ì ¨´…ˆW Æ z´vƒ´w ¨´…ˆW Æ z´vƒ´w ¨´…ˆW Æ z´vƒ´w ¨´…ˆW Æ z´vƒ´w ¨´…ˆW Æ z´vƒ´w Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´”Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´”Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´”Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´”Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´”

(Audio-Visual Teaching Aids) F´vƒ´””_ƒÊ¨´ƒ´I. ˆ´¯ˆ„@”¯˘ Ùƒ´I

∏B´”ƒ´””_t FÊ˙´vƒ´˜≥´”˙´Úƒ„, ∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Õˆ´¸w Ï◊¨Ê©´¨´ e·ƒÊ´ƒÊflƒ„.

∑´wˆ´ @”m˙´v ∑´wˆ´ @”m˙´v ∑´wˆ´ @”m˙´v ∑´wˆ´ @”m˙´v ∑´wˆ´ @”m˙´v (COMPUTER)(COMPUTER)(COMPUTER)(COMPUTER)(COMPUTER)

±~´m¥Ó´¨´¯˘ ˆ„·ƒ´Ì §„ˆ´yƒ´G˚´Ì” ∏´ˆ„@G∑´”˛Ú¨´¤ ∑´wˆ´@”m˙´v Ωkkc

~´ƒ„·„∑„ ˙´”t˙´Úƒ´” ƒ„ºÊÛ`ˆ´ ´…ˆWÆ z´vƒ´w VF´ˆ´~´wƒÊfl ¥[ƒ´…|HB„Xm| D©„·

°·ª∑„@” ∑´wˆ´ @”m˙´v∑´Êfl (5th Generation Computers) ^ƒ´˙´‘ߨ´ƒ´I.

‡ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ∑´´©´”≠ ±§„X·p≥´”ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”S¨´Œtƒ´I´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ±§„X·p≥´”ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”S¨´Œtƒ´I´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ±§„X·p≥´”ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”S¨´Œtƒ´I´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ±§„X·p≥´”ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”S¨´Œtƒ´I´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ±§„X·p≥´”ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”S¨´Œtƒ´I´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ∑´´” (Think-ing Computers) n©´”≠˙ÊÚ~„. ÙƒI ≥´X ´Ú ƒtƒ´≥„a@” ƒ´”XÌ ´ ´ ≥´”ƒ´, ±§„X·p≥´”ƒ´,

˛·ƒ´GŒ©´ ˙„∑„¨´”ˆ„X´” ƒ´, ±¿ ±˚´”ƒ´, ˆ„Ì≥´ ƒ´G˚´”ƒ´ ÏÏ◊ ´ ≥ʃ´”S ´Œt∑´´©´”≠

B„Xm|ƒ„. Ùƒ´I ˛·~Ê ≥´mq·wŒ ƒ„`ߨ´~´X Ùƒ´I∑´´©´”≠ ∏´≥´Ì” Ó„·ˆÊ¨´ ≥´”Ì¥Ó´

≥´X ´v∑´´”, ≥´”Ì¥Ó´ ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, ≥´x@”m ´ ˆÊ ≥´X ´v∑´´” Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ Ó„´q∑„ ∏~´”˛Úƒ„.

´mF´«t¿~Wum ´” @”m ´v ƒ´” ´”Ú ˆEz´Ìt∑´´ ≥´mq·wŒ Ï”z´vwƒÊfl „. U.Ï.

F´~´ „@”m ´B´ ƒ´G`¿~W BÊ∑´X M„FW~„¿~W©´m ´B´ q·Ó„X·˚WŒ, ©´ƒ´”Z ƒ„” ´”ª©´

ƒ´tƒ´≥„a@”©´”≠ ≥´xÌNƒÊfl B„X·Ì”ƒ´ ºÊÛF´ ´z´qÚºÊÌ Ù˙Êt|∑´´©´”≠ B„Xm| „. Ù ´~´ ˘

Ù©WF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, F„«v·≥„ßm∑W ƒ´tƒ´≥„a Ù©WF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, F„«v·≥„ßm∑W ƒ´tƒ´≥„a Ù©WF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, F„«v·≥„ßm∑W ƒ´tƒ´≥„a Ù©WF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, F„«v·≥„ßm∑W ƒ´tƒ´≥„a Ù©WF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, F„«v·≥„ßm∑W ƒ´tƒ´≥„a ƒ´”˙´”Ú

™MWF´ IMW ƒ ´ tƒ ´≥ „ a ™MWF´ IMW ƒ ´ tƒ ´≥ „ a ™MWF´ IMW ƒ ´ tƒ ´≥ „ a ™MWF´ IMW ƒ ´ tƒ ´≥ „ a ™MWF´ IMW ƒ ´ tƒ ´≥ „ a nm∏ ƒ´”X~´” F´v◊¨Ê©´

ƒ´tƒ´≥„a∑´ªƒ„. Ù©WFIMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a@”¯˘ q·Ó„X·˚WŒ

,ƒ´hE≥W, iFÊ˘° ¶≥Wy∑´´” ƒ´” ´”Ú ÊmFÊtˆW‚ ¶≥Wy∑´´

ƒ´”Ẍ´ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ Ù¨´~´ ºÊÛF´ˆ´ºÊ̺ÊÛF´ˆ´ºÊ̺ÊÛF´ˆ´ºÊ̺ÊÛF´ˆ´ºÊ̺ÊÛF´ˆ´ºÊ̈„y

(≥„m¿v§W F„«v≥„ßm∑W @””`MW∑„)(≥„m¿v§W F„«v≥„ßm∑W @””`MW∑„)(≥„m¿v§W F„«v≥„ßm∑W @””`MW∑„)(≥„m¿v§W F„«v≥„ßm∑W @””`MW∑„)(≥„m¿v§W F„«v≥„ßm∑W @””`MW∑„) ´”m∏∏B´” ´”.

^ ´” ¯˘ ≥´m≥y‘ ´ƒÊfl Ó„· „m¨Ê∑´ ©´ƒ´”∑„ ß∑´”ƒ´m „

~´q¸≥´ÌNU‚~´”˙´Ú¨„. ‡ ˆ„Ì≥´ˆÊyfl\”· ^©„·ˆ´

ˆÊ@”Œ ´vƒ´”∑´´” ~´p ´ƒÊfl ´”¤ ƒ I∑´´©´”≠ ≥ÊiFW‚ƒ„·~W≥ÊiFW‚ƒ„·~W≥ÊiFW‚ƒ„·~W≥ÊiFW‚ƒ„·~W≥ÊiFW‚ƒ„·~W n©´”≠˙ÊÚ~„. ≥´m≥´y‘≥´ÌN¿‚

ƒ´G˜˛@”” Ó„·ˆÊ¨Ê∑´ ƒ´G`¿~W F´~´¨„@” ƒ„”·§„ ©„X·˚´”ƒ´I¨´” / °vm¿~W

ƒ´”Ẍ´ ƒ´””|v߈„X´” ƒ´I¨´” ™MWF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a™MWF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a™MWF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a™MWF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a™MWF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a@Gfl¨„.

‡ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W∑´ªm¨´ ˆ´¯ˆ„@”” z´~´ƒ„·∑´¨´¯˘ ƒ´…|H≥´”˛Ú¨„.

^¥[ƒ´…|HB„Xm|¨´ ¨„·z´∑´´¯˘ Ù¨´©´”≠ Õˆ´¸w¨´ ^Ï¥ÓÊLt ^m∑´ƒÊfl

VF´\X·fl≥´”˛Ú¨Ê¤~„. Ù¨´©´”≠ Ùm∑„˘m¶©´¯˘ Computer BasedInstructions (CBI), ƒ„”·‘ˆÊ¨´¯˘ Computer Aided Learning(CAL) nm¨´” ˆ´~„@””˙ÊÚ~„. ˆ´©ÊŒ¿ˆ´¨´¯˘©´ B´ÌƒÊ~´” Õˆ´¸w ≥´m≥„a∑´´¯˘

ˆ´mF´«t¿‘·ˆ´…˙´ Ó„X·◊¨´©„ ≥Êfl¨„. ∏B´”z´f Ù©„≠~´˚´” ƒ´∆F´Œ∑´´¯˘ n§Ê˘ zʧÊ

ˆÊ§„·L”∑´´¯˘ ´mF´«t¿~W ´©´≠ z´ˆ„ ±~´m¥[ß Ó„X·◊ ´©„∑„ B„X≥´ ±@Gƒ´” ·˚´¯¨„.

ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”@”©´”≠ D ÏÏ◊¨´ ƒ„X·˚W

(Mode)∑´Êfl Ïm∑´¶ß¨Ê¤~„ :

1. Tutorial Mode: Ù¨´~´¯˘ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ pˆ´y pˆ´y Ï¥ÓÊ∑´∑´Êfl ƒ´G¶

B´m˙´ B´m˙´ƒÊfl `·˚´§Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„. @Gm˛vˆ´ Ó„X·◊¨´©„ Ù¨´”.

2. Drill and Practice Mode: ϨÊtS|Œ ∑´ª∑„ ˆ´¯@”Ì” BÊ∑´X

F´I©´~ʃ´˛Œ≥´Ì” ^©´”ˆ´X̃Ê∑´”ƒ´m˙„ B´ÌƒÊ~´” ^¥ÓÊt≥´ F´˛vˆ„ ∑´´©´”≠,

V¨ÊB´~´fi„∑´´©´”≠, ˙´F´IN ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥´‘V˙´Ú~´∑´´ ≥´ƒ„”·˙´ ˆ„XU‚~´§Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„.

Ùƒ´I∑´´©´”≠F´I©´~ʃ´˛Œß ˆ´¯@”∏B´”¨´”.

3. Simulation Mode : F´Ô~´tˆ´vƒ´”¨´¯˘ Ù~´”ƒ´ ^S¨´ƒÊ ë `L e·ƒ´©´¨´

J¿©„∑´´”, Ï∆F´@”∑´´©´”≠ ±◊¨´‘ß, ^m˙´B´¨„· J¿©„∑´´©´”≠ B´m˙´ B´m˙´ƒÊfl “‘ˆ„

^S¨´ƒÊ Ùªˆ„ ˆ´vƒ´”¨´¯˘ σ´‘≥´§Êfl~´”˙´Ú¨„.

4. Discovery Mode: F´v@”˙´≠ BÊ∑´” ´F´IN∑´´©´”≠ ƒ´G¶\”· ≥´x˙´f ≥´‘F´¶ß

ˆ„Xm˚´” ˆ´¯@”Ì” ^m¨´~„ Trial and Error ƒ´”Ẍ´ ˛ª@”Ì”,B„X≥´ ˆ´¯ˆÊ

ƒ´G∑´Œ ˆ´m˚´”˜¶@”Ì” ‡ Ï◊¨Ê©´ ≥´B´ˆÊ‘.

5. Gaming Mode : ´mF´«t¿~W ≥´BÊ@”|m ´

±˚´”ƒ´I¨´”, ˆ´mF´«t¿~W º„X˙„∑„· ±˚´”ƒ´I¨´”

ƒ„X¨´§Ê¨´ ±¿¨´ Ï◊¨Ê©´∑´´ ƒ´”Ẍ´ ºÊÛ©´¨´

´ „@” Ï◊ Ê©´Ï ´”.

ˆ´mF´«t¿~´©´”≠ ˆ„·ƒ´Ì ˆ´¯ˆ„∑´∆F„‚· ^Ì˘¨„

ƒ´hEÌtƒ´GF´©´ˆ„y ˆ´X˚´ ∏´ßˆ„X´ §Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„.

F´vz„≠F´˛vˆ„, F´vz´≠ˆ„X·z´ ˙´@G‘ˆ„∑„, ƒ´hEÌt

ƒ´GF´©´ BÊ∑´X ^mˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ˙Ê„©„X·¶ ¨Ê_¯ß

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 09 10 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book

Ù˚´”ƒ´I¨´ˆ´Xy ∏´≥´§Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„. ^Ì˘¨„ ºÊÛ©´¨´ ÏÏ◊¨´ zÊs„∑´´ F´‘›´@G˙´Zˆ´

ƒ´”XÌ ≥ʃ´”flv ≥´m∑´v˜ß˚´”ƒ´I¨´ˆ„y ∏´≥´§Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„.

Ù˛Ú·p©´ B„X≥´ ≥´mz„X·◊¨´©„∑´´ iF´ÌƒÊ fl ˆ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· ƈ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· ƈ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· ƈ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· ƈ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· Æ

±¶\X· Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´±¶\X· Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´±¶\X· Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´±¶\X· Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´±¶\X· Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´ ≥´ƒ´”F´Œˆ´

um¨´”∑´X˚´”ψ„≈”m¨´ B„X≥´¨Ê¨´ ∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ï◊¨Ê©´ (Multi - Media)∏´ˆ„∑„ ∏m|¨„. ƒ´”¯‚Ï”·¶@G º„X˙„∑„ Ïz´x¨´ B´Ìƒ´I ≥´mF´ˆ´ŒºÊÌ∑´´”

º„X˙„∑´X¶ Ùm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MW (INTERNET) Ïz´xƒÊt° ºÊÌ B´~´¶¨„. Ïz´x¨´

@Gƒ´I¨„· ˆ´mF´«t¿‘·ˆ´…˙´ ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”¨´ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠, ∑´vmS¨´∑´´ F´v˛∑´´©´”≠

ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ºĘ̂´¯˘ ƒ´”X¶ßˆ„Xm˚´” Ψ´Ì”, F´v˛ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ Ì” ∏~´”˙´Ú¨„.

Ïz´x¨´ F´vƒ´””_ |©´F´˛vˆ„∑´´©´”≠ ƒ´”©„@”¯˘ ˆ´”ª˙„· Ψ´∏B´”¨´”. ©´ƒ´”Z ~ÊLt¨´

˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd, | ©´Xt Ùm¶@”©W nˆW√F„v≥W, | ˜m¨´X, “∆F´t©W “ºW,˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd, | ©´Xt Ùm¶@”©W nˆW√F„v≥W, | ˜m¨´X, “∆F´t©W “ºW,˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd, | ©´Xt Ùm¶@”©W nˆW√F„v≥W, | ˜m¨´X, “∆F´t©W “ºW,˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd, | ©´Xt Ùm¶@”©W nˆW√F„v≥W, | ˜m¨´X, “∆F´t©W “ºW,˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd, | ©´Xt Ùm¶@”©W nˆW√F„v≥W, | ˜m¨´X, “∆F´t©W “ºW,

ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´, F´vºÊƒÊ], V¨´@”ƒÊ], ˙´~´m∑´, Ìmˆ„·zW F´˛vˆ„ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´, F´vºÊƒÊ], V¨´@”ƒÊ], ˙´~´m∑´, Ìmˆ„·zW F´˛vˆ„ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´, F´vºÊƒÊ], V¨´@”ƒÊ], ˙´~´m∑´, Ìmˆ„·zW F´˛vˆ„ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´, F´vºÊƒÊ], V¨´@”ƒÊ], ˙´~´m∑´, Ìmˆ„·zW F´˛vˆ„ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´, F´vºÊƒÊ], V¨´@”ƒÊ], ˙´~´m∑´, Ìmˆ„·zW F´˛vˆ„@” ˆ„̃´I

F´I¿∑´´” ‡∑´ m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ Ì¥Ó´tσ„. Ïz´x ´©´≠˚´Ïz´x ´©´≠˚´Ïz´x ´©´≠˚´Ïz´x ´©´≠˚´Ïz´x ´©´≠˚´ m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´ ƒ„X¨´Ì ´©´≠˚´

F´˛vˆ„@Gfl¨„.

Ïz´x¨´ Ó„·~„ Ó„·~„ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ºÊÌ∑´´©´”≠ ºÊ§Ê˚´”ƒ´ ›Ê©´§W ≥´i°Œm∑W

^S¨´ƒÊ ©„MW ≥´i°Œm∑W nm∏ B´ƒÊt≥´ Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ B„›Ê–∑´”˛Ú¨„. ∏B´z´f ƒ´””m|©´

|©´∑´´¯˘ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ºÊÛ©´ B„Xm|~´¨´ @Gƒ´ ϨÊt S|Œ∑´X ˆ´¯ˆ„

≥´”Ì¥Ó´ƒÊ∑´§Ê~´¨´”; Ì˘¨„· ´mF´«t¿~W ©´ƒ´”Z ´¯ˆÊ ≥´m∑Ê˛ @Gfl ©´ƒ´”Z ƒ´”©„@”

^Ï¥ÓÊLt ^m∑´ƒÊ∑´”ƒ´ |©´∑´´” ¨´X~´ÏÌ˘.

∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”(ƒ´”¯‚Ï”·¶@G)¨´ ≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ ^≥Ê◊¨´t ^©´”≠ƒ´I¨„·

ÙÌ˘ƒ„©´”≠ƒ´∆F´”‚ ^¨´”j˙´∑´´” ≥Ê◊|≥´ÌN˚´”˛Úƒ„. ›´Ì©´p˙´v, p˙´vˆ´§„, ≥´…L©´Õ·Ì

∏~´B´, ^F´~Ê◊¨´∑´´ F´˙„Ú, z´≥´Òpq˙„√, ÓÊBÊtˆÊz´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ ˆ„¸·˙´v∑´´”, ƒ´””¨´vw

ƒ´”˙´”Ú F´vˆÊz´©´ ˆ„¸·˙´v∑´´¯˘ ^¨´” ^¨´”j˙´∑´´©„≠· ≥Ê◊|ߨ„. ∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”

ˆÊmFÊtˆW‚ ¶≥Wy∑´´” ≥´B´≥Êv~´” ≥´ms„t@”¯˘ ~´X°≥´ÌN˚´”˛Ú¨´”¤ B´Ìƒ´I ≥´mF´I¿∑´´

∏…B´˙W Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´„§Ê˘ ˆ„·ƒ´Ì um¨´” ^S¨´ƒÊ

n~´˚´” ß.¶.∑´´¯˘ Ù~´”ƒ´m˙„ ^˚´ˆ´∑„Xm¶ƒ„.

ˆ´¯ˆ„@”X ƒ„Ï◊¨´tF´«wŒƒÊ∑´”˛Ú¨„.

≥´mz„X·◊¨´©„, ˙Êm˛vˆ´ F´v∑´˛ BÊ∑´X z´v¨„H

z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´¨´ n§„˘∑´´©´”≠ ˜fl∫≥´”˛Úƒ„.

ˆ„̃„· ƒ´∆F´Œ∑´´ ˆ„´∑„ ˆ´m˚´” ˆ„·´‘@”|¨´¤

ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ∑Êv i°ˆW√`m¨´ ˜¶¨´” Ùm¿~W

©„MWƒ´~„∑„ nÌ˘ƒ´« ≥„·‘ Õˆ´¸w ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´¯˘

ˆÊvm˛@”©„≠· Vm¿”ƒ´G¶ƒ„. ∏~´”ƒ´ ƒ ∆F´Œ∑´´¯˘ m˙´ºÊŒÌ ƒ´G˜˛ ´m˙´vºÊÛ©´

ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´ ±∑Ê◊¨´ Ó„´ƒ´]∑„ B„X≥´ Õˆ´¸w ˆ´vƒ´”ƒ´©´”≠, ©´X˙´©´ F´¨´H˛@”©´”≠ ºÊ‘∑„

˙´~´∏B´”¨´”. ‡∑Ê∑´§„· Ìm˚´`≠©´¯˘ e-univeristy ±~´m¥Ó´ƒÊ∑´”ƒ´

≥´X›´©„∑´ª¨´”¤ ƒ´”©„@”¯˘ ˆ´”ª˙„· webucation (web + education)F´˚„@”∏B´”¨´”.

F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” Õˆ´¸w ˆ´vƒ´”¨´¯˘ ≥„·F´Œ˚„@G¨´ ©´m˙´~´ ±fl~´”ƒ´ ^∑Ê◊¨´

Ó„´ƒ´]∑„≈”m¨´ L∑´˛Ú©´ ≥ʈ´¸~´˙„@” F´vƒ´Gwƒ´« Ó„„|¨„. ≥´B´≥Êv~´” [¯@”©W

F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” ƒ´G~´”ˆ´M„‚@”¯˘ƒ„.

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´

Ù|·∑´ Ùm˙´B´ ∏…B´˙W F´I≥´Úˆ„X·¨´tƒ´”ˆ„y ƒ´”˙´”Ú F´˛vˆ„X·¨´tƒ´”ˆ„y ∑´m¥[·~´

F´‘ßa˛ n¨´”~Êfl¨„. L∑´˛Ú©´ n§Ê˘ ˆ„¸·˙´v∑´´©´”≠ ±ƒ´‘ß~´”ƒ´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ¨„˙´t

ƒ´””¨´vw ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´¯˘@”X ˚„≥W yMÊFW F ´[ ˘ ∆°m∑W˚„≥W yMÊFW F ´[ ˘ ∆°m∑W˚„≥W yMÊFW F ´[ ˘ ∆°m∑W˚„≥W yMÊFW F ´[ ˘ ∆°m∑W˚„≥W yMÊFW F ´[ ˘ ∆°m∑W nm∏

B„X≥´∏∑„@”©´”≠ ≥ʃ´Œ˛v·ˆ´~´w ∑„Xªß §„¿~W F„v≥W§„¿~W F„v≥W§„¿~W F„v≥W§„¿~W F„v≥W§„¿~W F„v≥W nm¨´” ˆ´~„@”§Ê∑´”ƒ´

B´„@” ƒ´””¨´vw@”m˙´v∑´´©´”≠ ƒ´”X§„∑„ n≥„@””ƒ´m˙„ ƒ´G¶˙´”Ú. ‡∑´ ‡

F´[˘∆°m∑W ƒ´tƒ´≥„a ˆ´X˚´ ∑´m˚Êm˙´~´¨´¯˘¨„. Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´vˆÊz´©´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú Ï˙´~´fi„

±~´m¥Ó´ ±fl~´”ƒ´I¨´‘m¨´ F´vF´m›´¨´ @Gƒ´I¨„· ƒ´”X§„@” F´˛vˆ„, F´I≥´Úˆ´,

`@”˙´ˆÊ¯ˆ„ ∑´´©´”≠ ^˙´tÌN ƒ„›´–¨´¯˘ ˆ´mF´«t¿~WF´~´¨„@” ƒ„”·§„ Î|

±©´m|≥´∏B´”¨´”. n∆F´„X‚m¨´” ≥´”Ì¥Ó´!

Ù¨„· ‘·˛@” B„X≥´ ∏¨´§Êƒ´fi„ ‡∑´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ∑´ª∑´X ∏m|¨„ ! Ù©´”≠

ƒ´””m¨„ §„·_ˆ´~´” ˙´ƒ´”Z ˆ´…˛ ∑´´©´”≠ ©„·~´ƒÊfl Ùm¿~W©„MW ƒ´”Ẍ´ F´vˆ´Uß

ƒ´G~´∏B´”¨´”. ˙ʃ´I ~´p≥´”ƒ´ ˆ´…˛@” iF„§WF„§WF„§WF„§WF„§W um¨´©´”≠ ‡ F´vˆÊz´ˆ´‘∑„ ~´ƒÊ`ß,

˛m∑´ª∑„ ˆ„̃„· ˚ÊÌ~W ≥„MW Óʶ∑„ ˆ„X¿‚~„

≥ʈ´m˙„. ƒ´G~Ê¿ƒÊ¨´ ^m¨´~„ ± iF„§W`m¨´

˚E©W §„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„Xm˚´ ƒ´tqÚ `·˚´”ƒ´

ƒ„X˙´Ú¨´ Dc % ~´∆F´‚©´”≠ ƒ„X˙´Úƒ´©´”≠ ˆ´X˚´§„·

Fʃ´˛ ƒ´G˚´§Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨´m˙„. B„·fl¨„?

Ù|∆F„‚· ^Ì˘, Ù©´X≠ um¨´” ^¨´”j˙´

±Ï∆FÊy~´ƒÊfl¨„. Ù˙´~„ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” F´˛vˆ„∑´´m˙„

\”· ƒ´”˚´p n¯˘∑„ Ó„·ˆÊ¨´~´X ˙„∑„¨´”ˆ„Xm˚´”

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 11 12 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book

B„X·∑´Ì” ∏~´”ƒ´m˙„ ƒ´Gƒ´”X¯ BÊ„∑´´ ‘·˛ @”¯˘\”· FÊ˘ß‚ˆW BÊ„∑´´ ƒ„”·§„

Ïz„·∆F´ƒÊ¨´ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆWn§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆWn§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆWn§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆWn§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆW ≥´˜˙´ƒÊ¨´ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥ ´ Úˆ ´n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥ ´ Úˆ ´n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥ ´ Úˆ ´n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥ ´ Úˆ ´n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥ ´ Úˆ ´∑´´” ƒ´”˙´”Ú

F´˛vˆ„∑´´©´”≠ B„X~´˙´~´”ƒ´ F´v@”˙´≠ ≥Êfl¨„. ¥ÓÊ∑´z´f @”z´ßx@”X ±fl¨„. `ƒ´”∑„

ˆ„X˚´§Ê∑´”ƒ´ F´˛vˆ„ ^S¨´ƒÊ F´I≥´Úˆ´ sʯ@Gfl~´”m˙„ ˆ´m˚´” ∏~´”˙´Ú¨„. ^¨´©´”≠

`ƒ´”Z M„¯F„π·©W∑„ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ ˆ´¯Nß ˙´©´XZ̈´ `ƒ´”∑„ @Gƒ´I¨´” Ó„·ˆ„X· ± F´˛vˆ„

^S¨´ƒÊ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ ƒ„ÓW≥„MW©´”≠ F´vƒ„·Õß, ˆ´¸wƒ´G˙´v¨´¯˘ ≥´”ƒ´G~´” Øccc

F´I¿∑´´∆F´”‚ ƒ´G˜˛ @”©´”≠ z„·_‘߈„Xm˚´” (˚E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶) M„¯F„π·©W

ˆ´©„ˆ´¸©W ˙„∑„¨´~Ê≈”˙´”. `ƒ´”Z sʯ F´˛vˆ„ ^S¨´ƒÊ F´I≥´Úˆ´ `·ƒ´I ∏@”ߨ´

ƒ´G˜˛≈”m¨´ ´”m[~´”˙´Ú¨„. ¨´ˆ„y ƒ´”˙„Ú Ï¨´”t˙W ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ¨´ ƒ´z´tˆ´˙„\”· ÙÌ˘!

≥Ê‚btUˆW n§„qÃßU≈”m¨´ FÊ˘ß‚ˆW∑„ ◊¨´X´”, ˆ´X¨´Ì”, B´∑´”~´ƒÊ¨´ ˆÊ∑´¨´

^m¿”ƒ´m˙„ ‡ FÊ˘ß‚ˆW©´m˛~´”ƒ´ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´¯˘ F´~´≥´N~´ Ï~´”¨´H ◊¨´”vƒ´∑´´”

um¨´©„X≠m¨´” ±ˆ´∆°Œ≥´”ƒ´m˙„ ^ˆ´¸~´∑´´ ±ˆÊ~´¨´¯˘ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆW FÊ˘ß‚ˆW

BÊ„∑´´ ƒ„”·§„ ƒ´”X¶ ƒ´Gƒ´”X¯ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ /F´˛vˆ„@” F´I¿¨´m˙„\”· Êw”˙´Ú¨„.

‡ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ Î|¨´ ©´m˙´~´ B„X≥´ ƒ´G˜˛ ^S¨´ƒÊ ƒ´”~´”|©´¨´ F´˛vˆ„

Ó„·ˆ„m¨Ê¨´¯˘ ƒ´”˙„Ú M„¯F„π·©W ƒ´”Ẍ´ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ F´vƒ„·Õß, ˆ´¸wˆĘ̂´¯˘

^¨„· F´I≥´Úˆ´ˆ„y ˚E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„Xm˚´¯˘ B´„@” ƒ´G˜˛ ^ªßB„X·fl B„X≥´

ƒ´G˜˛ BÊL~W. V¨ÊB´~´fi„∑„, ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´ / F´vºÊƒÊ] / ˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´ / F´vºÊƒÊ] / ˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´ / F´vºÊƒÊ] / ˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´ / F´vºÊƒÊ] / ˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´ / F´vºÊƒÊ] / ˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd ©´

‡ |ƒ´≥´¨´ F´˛vˆ„ ˚E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„Xm˚´” Î| ƒ´””flß|‘ nm|¿”‚ˆ„Xª .

ƒ´”˙„Ú ƒ´”~´”|©´ Ó„´∑„∫ ^¨„· F´˛vˆ„@” B„X≥´ ±ƒ´…˛Ú@”©´”≠ `ƒ´”Z ∏ª@”

n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´˛vˆ„@”¯˘ ˚E©W §„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„Xm˚´” Ψ´∏B´”¨´”.

BÊ∑„\”· ˚„·§W ˆÊ©„Œfl˚„·§W ˆÊ©„Œfl˚„·§W ˆÊ©„Œfl˚„·§W ˆÊ©„Œfl˚„·§W ˆÊ©„Œfl @” um¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ó„·ˆ´” nm¨´”ˆ„Xª .

˚E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ Ì” `ƒ´”Z ∏ª FÊ˘ß‚ˆW F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ù¨´¤~„ ±≈”˙´”. ˆ„̃„·

ˆ´¸w∑´´¯˘ M„¯F„π·©W ≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ ‡ „Ì≥´ ≥Ê◊|≥´ ∏B´”¨´” . Ê©„Œ·fl@” ˆÊ©„Œ·fl@” ˆÊ©„Œ·fl@” ˆÊ©„Œ·fl@” ˆÊ©„Œ·fl@” F´I≥´Úˆ´

Î|@G≈”˙´”. ººººº„·ƒ´hW√ BÊt¶˘ ›„·≥W„·ƒ´hW√ BÊt¶˘ ›„·≥W„·ƒ´hW√ BÊt¶˘ ›„·≥W„·ƒ´hW√ BÊt¶˘ ›„·≥W„·ƒ´hW√ BÊt¶˘ ›„·≥W©´ ˆÊ¨´m∏‘ ^S¨´ƒÊ ß‚·iF´©W BÊqm∑Wß‚·iF´©W BÊqm∑Wß‚·iF´©W BÊqm∑Wß‚·iF´©W BÊqm∑Wß‚·iF´©W BÊqm∑W©´

Ù˛Ú·p©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ψ´Ó„·ˆ´” n`ß˙´”. ≥´‘ ƒ´”˙„Ú.

`ƒ´”Z F´I≥´Úˆ´ˆ„y ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ ˆ´¯Nß.

ˆ´¸w∑´´¯˘ F´I≥´Úˆ´ BÊL~W. B´„@”¨´” ^ªß

B„X·fl B„X≥´¨´” ± ºÊ∑´¨´¯˘ ˆ´X˛~´”˙´Ú¨„. ^ÌN

≥„·ƒÊ z´”Ìy ƒ´G˙´v ˙„˙´Ú~Ê≈”˙´”. ƒ´”~´ª ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ

ˆ„X˚´”ƒ´ƒ´~„∑„ B´„@” ƒ´G˜˛ ^¯˘ Ù¨„¤·

Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„. B„·fl¨„? Ù¨´” ˆ´ÌN©„@”Ì˘. ©´X~´ˆ„y

©´X~´” ≥´˙´t. Ωkkk~´¯˘ ^ƒ„”·‘ˆÊ¨´

ƒ´”≥Ê›´”≥„MW√ Ù`√b ‚¿XtMW ±iFW M„ˆÊ≠Ìe ≥´m≥„ aƒ´”≥Ê›´”≥„MW√ Ù`√b ‚¿XtMW ±iFW M„ˆÊ≠Ìe ≥´m≥„ aƒ´”≥Ê›´”≥„MW√ Ù`√b ‚¿XtMW ±iFW M„ˆÊ≠Ìe ≥´m≥„ aƒ´”≥Ê›´”≥„MW√ Ù`√b ‚¿XtMW ±iFW M„ˆÊ≠Ìe ≥´m≥„ aƒ´”≥Ê›´”≥„MW√ Ù`√b ‚¿XtMW ±iFW M„ˆÊ≠Ìe ≥´m≥„ a@”ƒ´~´” n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆW

ߨ´H∑„X·ªß¨´”¤ ≥Êt©W iFÊv`√≥„Xy· ≥Êt©W iFÊv`√≥„Xy· ≥Êt©W iFÊv`√≥„Xy· ≥Êt©W iFÊv`√≥„Xy· ≥Êt©W iFÊv`√≥„Xy· ´¯˘ ©´˚„¨´ ≥„·Ó„X·§Wd F´[˘∆°m∑W ˆÊ©WÁ~„©W√≥„·Ó„X·§Wd F´[˘∆°m∑W ˆÊ©WÁ~„©W√≥„·Ó„X·§Wd F´[˘∆°m∑W ˆÊ©WÁ~„©W√≥„·Ó„X·§Wd F´[˘∆°m∑W ˆÊ©WÁ~„©W√≥„·Ó„X·§Wd F´[˘∆°m∑W ˆÊ©WÁ~„©W√

(Seybold Publishing Conference) ©´¯˘ F´v¨´ÕŒ≥´§Êfl˙´”Ú. Ù¨„· ‘·˛@”

≥´ƒ„”Z·´©´ øccc ©„· ©´ƒ„m∏~W Í ƒ´”˙´”Ú < ~´m¨´” ©´Xt@GˆWŒ©´Xt@GˆWŒ©´Xt@GˆWŒ©´Xt@GˆWŒ©´Xt@GˆWŒ©´¯˘ ©´˚„≈”˙´”.

øccø~´ ƒ´G›WŒ ΩØ ‘m¨´ ΩÍ ~´ƒ´~„∑„ ^ƒ„”·‘ˆÊ¨´ ƒÊ∆°m∑´‚©W ~ÊLt¨´

ß@G¿§Wß@G¿§Wß@G¿§Wß@G¿§Wß@G¿§W©´¯˘”EPIC - Con 2002” nm∏ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´vˆÊz´ˆ´~´

≥´ƒ„”Z·´©´ ©´˚„|˙´”Ú.

≥´¨´t ƒ´G~´”ˆ´M„‚@”¯˘ „̃´I Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” (e-Book) „X~„@””

˛Ú ´”¤ ƒ I∑´´ ˘ ≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW (Soft Book) ~ʈ„MW ∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW ∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW ∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW ∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW ∏”ˆW (Rocket Book), 33333

ˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMWˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMWˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMWˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMWˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMW(3 Com Palm Pilot) ƒ´” ´”Ú§„[v@”≥W Ï”§„`@”ƒ´hW§„[v@”≥W Ï”§„`@”ƒ´hW§„[v@”≥W Ï”§„`@”ƒ´hW§„[v@”≥W Ï”§„`@”ƒ´hW§„[v@”≥W Ï”§„`@”ƒ´hW

ÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆW (Librius Millennium E-book)∑´´” F´vƒ´””_ƒÊ ´ƒ I. ÙƒI∑´´ ˘

´”m[ß „Xm ´” Î ´Ì” Ì¥Ó´tÏ~´”ƒ´ Ï ´”t©ÊZ©´ F I≥´Ú ´∑´´” Adobe PDF, InstanteBook, Microsoft Reader ƒ´”˙´”Ú Palm ~´XF´∑´´¯˘~´”˙´Úƒ„.

Ï ´”t©ÊZ©´ F I≥´Ú ´ƒ I „@”¯˘ ˜¶ ´” Î ´∏B´”¨Ê ´ p ´y Fʃ´hW ´mF´«t¿~W/

±∑´Œ©„≥´~W ´~´B´¨´ F´I¿‚ ≥Ê◊¨´©´ƒÊfl¨´”¤ Ù¨´ˆ„y qx˚W qv≥´‚§W ¶≥WF„˘· ßybv·©W

(Liquid Cristal Display Screen) Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„. ≥´”ƒ´G~´” < ƒ„”∑ÊÓ„MW

≥ʃ´”S¨´tŒ ^m¨´~„ Øccc |m¨´ >ccc F´I¿∑´´ƒ´~„∑„ ƒ´””|v˙´ ƒ´G˜˛ ÙÌ˘ƒ„

<c ‘m¨´ Ωøc `Ï”∆F´∑´´ƒ´~„∑„ ƒ´”¯‚Ï”·¶@G ƒ´G˜˛ Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„. Ó„·ˆ„m¨Ê∑´

Ùm¿~W©„MW∑„ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ ´¯Nß, Ó„·ˆÊ¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„Xm˚´”

≥´ƒ´”@”ƒÊ¨Ê∑´ Ψ´∏B´”¨´”. ˆ´]ÿ∑„ z´vƒ´”ƒÊ∑´¨´m˙„ ©„X·¶ˆ„X´ Ì” B´ß~´”

∏wÿ¨´ ©„≠§„@”¯˘ B„X„@””ƒ´ ´F´IN ∏wÿ¨´ ˘ ƒ´””|v˙´ ˆ´¸~´∑´´” ≥ÊÌ” ≥ʧÊfl

um¨´” ƒ´””|v˙´ F´I¿¨´ ±ˆÊ~´¨´¯˘ ˆ„@”¯˘ Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„. ~ʈ„MW∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW∏”ˆW (RocketBook) ^ƒ„”·‘ˆÊ¨´ F´vߨ´H F´vˆÊz´©´ ≥´m≥„a@G¨´ ÓÊ©„Œ≥W ƒ´”˙´”Ú ©„X·∏§WÓÊ©„Œ≥W ƒ´”˙´”Ú ©„X·∏§WÓÊ©„Œ≥W ƒ´”˙´”Ú ©„X·∏§WÓÊ©„Œ≥W ƒ´”˙´”Ú ©„X·∏§WÓÊ©„Œ≥W ƒ´”˙´”Ú ©„X·∏§W ~´ƒ´~´

FÊÌ”¨Ê~´ ≥´m≥„a@Gfl¨´”¤ Í Ìˆ´¸ˆ´Xy B„›´”– F´I≥´Úˆ´ ∑´´©´”≠ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW

F´I≥´Úˆ´~´XF´¨´¯˘ F´vˆ´Uߨ„. ±≥´ˆ´Ú~´” uƒ„”Z∑„

ˆ´`∆F´‚ Øccc F´I¿∑´´∆F´”‚ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ ˙´ƒ´”Z

∏ª≈”~´”ƒ´ F´I¿‚@”m˙´v¨´¯˘ ˚E©W§„X·˚W

ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ ∏B´”¨´”. ‡ F´I¿‚ @”m˙´vˆ„y ≥´”ƒ´G~´”

®cc ‘m¨´ Dcc ˚ÊÌ~W _›ÊŒ∑´¯¨´”¤ ˚E©W

§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ Ì” `∑´|∑„Xª≥´ §Êfl~´”ƒ´

ˆ´`∆F´‚ Óʶ∑„ ˆ„X˚´Ó„·ˆ´”. ±¨´~„ Ù˛Ú·›„∑„

ƒ´G~´”ˆ´M„‚∑„ ∏m|~´”ƒ´ 3ˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMW3ˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMW3ˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMW3ˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMW3ˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMW

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 13 14 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book

(3 Com Palm Pilot) um¨´” ^m∑„∑Ê˙´v¨´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W @”m˙´vƒÊfl¨´”¤

Ù¨´©´”≠ ˆ„·ƒ´Ì F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ Î|∑Êfl\”· ^Ì˘¨„ Ù˙´~„ ≥ʃ´G©´t ˆ´mF´«t¿~W∑´´m˙„

ƒ´G˜˛ ≥´m∑´vB´, Ï`ƒ´”@” ƒ´”˙´”Ú ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ ¨´¯˘ F´˙´v∑´´©´”≠ um¨„˚„≈”m¨´

Ù©„X≠m¨„˚„ ˆ´ª≥´”ƒ´ ‡Æƒ„”·§W Ù˙Êt| ˆ„Ì≥´∑´ª∑´X ∏´≥´∏B´”¨´”. ‡ @”m˙´vˆ„y

^m˙´ºÊŒÌ|m¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ©„·~´ƒÊfl ˚E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ ∏´≥´∏B´”¨´”.

Ù¨´‘m¨´ ∏‘· F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ψ´”ƒ´ @”m˙´vˆ„ym¨„· ·˚´Ó„·ˆÊ¨´ ®cc ‘m¨´ Dcc ÊÌ~W

Vª˙Ê@” ! Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ Ù¨´” L©´°v@”ƒÊ∑´”˛Ú¨„.

^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ e-book ƒ´G~Ê¿¨´ ÏÊ≥´∑´´” ƒ´G~Ê¿¨´ ÏÊ≥´∑´´” ƒ´G~Ê¿¨´ ÏÊ≥´∑´´” ƒ´G~Ê¿¨´ ÏÊ≥´∑´´” ƒ´G~Ê¿¨´ ÏÊ≥´∑´´”

Ïz´x ƒÊt° ƒ´G˜˛ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ e-book um¨´” ^¨´”j˙´

§„X·ˆ´ƒ´©„≠· ˙„~„|˚´”˙´Ú¨„. `·ƒ´I @Gƒ´I¨„· ÓEv≥´~W ≥ÊiFW‚ƒ„·~W

≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ ºÊÛ©´§„X·ˆ´ˆ„y Ì∑„∫ Ù˚´”ƒ´I¨´~´ º„X˙„∑„ `ƒ´”∑„ ∑„X˙„Ú· Ù~´¨´

B´ÌƒÊ~´” Ï∆F´@”∑´´©´”≠ ˛ª@””ƒ´^ƒ´ˆÊz´∑´ªƒ„. www.google.com,www.altavista.com,www.indiatimes.com, www.lycos.com,www.rediff.com, www.indya.com, ƒ´””m˙ʨ´ F´vƒ´””_ ≥´›WŒ

Ùme©W∑´´¯˘©´ Search nm∏ qm¶@”¯˘ e-book nm¨´” ¥Ó´˛Œ ƒ´G¶¨´~„

3,14,000 qym˙´ÌX B„›´”– ÏÏ◊ ´ m˙´ºÊŒÌ ÏÊ≥´∑´´” F´˙„Ú@G∑´”˙´Úƒ„ (‡

≥´ms„t |©´ |©´ˆ„y ∏¨´§Ê∑´”˛Ú~´”˙´Ú¨„). ‡ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ ^m∑´¶∑´´” Vp˙´ƒÊfl

˙´ƒ´”Z Ù˛Ú·p©´ F´vˆ´¿fi„∑´´ F´U‚@”©´”≠ ˆ´ªßˆ„X˚´”˙ÊÚ~„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú B„X≥´

F´vˆ´¿fi„∑´´ ˆ´”‘˙´” ƒ´G˜˛ u¨´fl≥´”˙ÊÚ~„.`·ƒ´I§„·_ˆ´~Êfl¨´¤~„ `ƒ´”Z

F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ e-book ±fl F´‘ƒ´˛Œß ƒ´G~´”ƒ´I¨Êfl ˆ„̃´I ≥´m≥„a∑´´”

˛ª≥´”˙´Úƒ„. ˆ„̃´I ^m∑´¶∑´ª∑„ ^ÌN z´”Ìy `·¶¨´~„ ≥ʈ´m˙„. ƒ´”˙„Ú ˆ„̃´I

^m∑´¶∑´´ƒ´~´” ‡ ˆ„Ì≥´ƒ´©´”≠ Vp˙´ƒÊfl

ƒ´G˚´Ì” ƒ´””m¨„ ∏m¨´” ƒ´”Z F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´¯˘ ƒ´~´

um¨´” ºÊ˜·~Ê˙´” Ì∑´˛Ú≥´Ì” ^©´”ƒ´”˛

ˆ„·´”˙ÊÚ~„. ^ƒ´~´ ºÊ˜·~Ê˙´” Bʈ´Ì” `·ƒ´I

u°N¨´~„ ƒ´”∑„ ƒ´~´” ƒ´”Z F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´vˆ´U≥´”ƒ´

Ï◊¨Ê©´ƒ´©´”≠ Vp˙´ƒÊfl B„·ªˆ„X˚´”˙ÊÚ~„.

^m˙´B´ ˆ„̃´I ^m∑´¶∑´´” Ù¯˘ƒ„:

http://www.netlibrary.com http://www.powells.comhttp://www.peanutpress.com/ http://www.ebooknet.com/http://www.barnesandnoble.com/subjects/ebookshttp://www.rocket-library.com http://ebookstore.cc/http://www.ebooksforyou.com http://www.blackmask.comhttp://agoodbook.com http://diskbooks.org/http://www.ebookmall.com/ http://www.m-pro.demon.co.ukhttp://www.e-booksonline.net http://www.1stbooks.com/http://www.e-publishingaustralia.com http://www.time.com/http://www.bb.com http://zanderebooks.comhttp://www.readslikeabook.com/http://www.virtualvolumes.comhttp://www.teleport.com/ http://www.softbook.com/http://www.readersnetwork.com/best.htmlwww.publicus.net/ebooks/ http://www.newsbytes.com/http://www.ebookcompiler.com http://www.e-book-awards.com/http://www.asptoday.com http://www.book-e-book.com/http://www.pcmech.com/sitedlfaq.htmhttp://www.zdnet.com http://ebooknet.com/http://www.globalserve.net/~slider/e-book.htmlhttp://www.bookmice.com/e-Book News.htmhttp://www.biblio-tech.com/html/e-bookhttp://etext.lib.virginia.edu/ebooks/ebooklist.htmlhttp://www.smart-web-promotion.com/e-books.htmhttp://www.e-book-world.com/ ƒ´””m˙ʨ´ƒ´I.

http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/ebooks/ebooklist.html∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”¨´¯˘ ±∑´≥W‚ >, øccc¨´m¨´”

n]ߨ´m˙„ um¨´” Ï”¯@”©W ebookebookebookebookebook∑´´

¨Ê≥ÊÚ©´” Ù¨„@”m˙„! BÊ∑„\”· http://www.eBookMall.com/ ©´ ˘ Ωc,ccc ´Xy

B„›´”– F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” (©ÊÌXy ~´XF´∑´´¯˘)

F´vˆ´¿ƒÊflƒ„@”m˙„! Ùƒ´~´ ^m¨Êe©´ F´vˆÊ~´

øccD©„· Ù≥´Ï ƒ„·„∑„ e-book Ψ´”∑´~´ ≥´ms„t

øDc Ï”¯@”©W ¨Ê¿”˙´Ú¨„@”m˙„! Ùƒ´~´¯˘

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 15 16 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book

§„·_ˆ´‘∑„ F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´vˆ´¿fi„@” ∏∑„∫ƒ´G˜˛ `·˚´”ƒ´ ƒ´tƒ´≥„a≈”¨´”¤ ±≥´ˆ´Ú~´” ≥´¨´‘

ÏÊ≥´ƒ´©´”≠ ≥´mF´qŒ≥´∏B´”¨´”.

‡ Ïz´xƒÊt° ˙Êw¨´¯˘ e-book ∑´ª∑„ Ù~´”ƒ´ ^ƒ´ˆÊz´¨´ º„X˙„∑„

e-library ˆ´X˚´ Ï≥´ÚÂ˙´ƒÊfl Ó„„@””˛Ú¨„. @Gƒ´I¨„· ≥´›WŒ Ùme©W©´¯˘

e-library nm¨´” `·ƒ´I M„F´I ƒ´G¶ B´”˚´”q¨´~„ ˆ´`∆F´‚ ÍÍ,<cc ˙Êw∑´´”

ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„. ^m˙´B´ ˆ„̃´I V¨ÊB´~´fi„∑´´” Ù¯˘ƒ„:

Encyclopedia.com www.elibrary.com/eels.lub.lu.se/ elibrary.destinationcrm.com/www.ecnewsletter.com/ www.e-book.com.au/www.bartleby.com/ www.elibrary.com/www.elibrary.com/s/edumark/ www.lwv.org/elibrary/www.encyclopedia.com/ etext.lib.virginia.edu/ebooks/TeleChem//arrayit.com e-library The e ... arrayit.com/e-library/www.gsaelibrary.gsa.gov/elib/eLibrary.jspwww.unitus.it/virtual/e-book/e-library.htmwww.unitus.it/virtual/e-book/faq.htm-www.ecnewsletter.com/ebooks.htm -www.unitus.it/virtual/e-book/e-library.htmhttp://www.unitus.it/virtual/e-book/e-library.htm E-librarywww.futureprint.kent.edu/articles/wood01.htm

Ù∆F„X‚m¨´” F´vƒ´Gw¨´¯˘ e-book∑´´” B„X~´∏~´”˛Ú~´”ƒÊ∑´ ^ƒ´I∑´´¯˘

V˙´Úƒ´”ƒÊ¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ˆ„y F´vz´ßÚ ˆ„X˚´”ƒ´ ƒ´tƒ´≥„a@”X Ù¨„. http://www.e-book-awards.com/ ÏÊ≥´¨´¯˘ ‡ F´vz´ßÚ∑´´ ∏∑„∫ σ´~´∑´´” ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„.

∏…B´˙W Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´´ ≥´~´]∑´´©´”≠ Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ ˆ„X´” ƒ´I¨´” ƒ´”˙´”Ú

ƒ´G~´”ƒ´I¨´” ´¶ƒ„” @G∑´”˛Ú¨´”¤ Ù¨´ˆ„y F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´ ∑Ê˙´v, ≥´aÊ¥Óʃ´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ◊|ˆ´

Ó„§„ ˆÊ~´wƒÊfl¨„. Ù¨´©´”≠ ˙´°N≥´Ì” Ù¶·

≥´~´]@”©´”≠ um¨´” ^S¨´ƒÊ n~´˚´” ˆÊmFÊtˆW‚

¶≥Wy∑´´¯˘ ƒ´””|vß ƒ´”XÌ ≥´~´]@” Ó„§„@”

B´˙´Ú©„· um¨´” ¥ÓÊ∑´ Ó„§„∑„ (uƒ„XZƒ„”Z ≥´”ƒ´G~´”

Ωccc |m¨´ ®ccc ~´XFÊ≈”∑´´∆F´”‚ ˆ´¶ƒ„”

Ó„§„∑„) ƒ´G~Ê¿ƒ´G˚´§Ê∑´”˛Ú¨´”¤ ‡ ß.¶.∑´´¯˘

ƒ´””|v˙´ ƒ´G˜˛@” º„X˙„∑„ ƒ´”¯‚Ï”·¶@G

ƒ´G˜˛ ˆ´X˚´ Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„. Ψ´”ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”flv @”

º„X˙„∑„ ˆ„·´Ì” ÏÏ◊¨´ ◊¨´x`∑´´”, ¥ÓÊ∆F´w∑´´ ˙´”w”ˆ´”∑´´”, ≥´mfl·˙´, ƒ´”˙´”Ú

©„X·˚´Ì” ¨´…z´t, ß`ƒ´G ƒ´”˙´”Ú ˛v·˚„ƒ„”©´¸©´§W ±ˆ´…˛∑´´” ˆ´X˚´ ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„.

BÊ∑„\”· ‡ ƒ´”¯‚Ï”·¶@G ƒ´G˜˛ Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´´” Ùm¿~W©„MW©´¯˘ Vp˙´ƒÊfl

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ˆ„X·z´ ‡∑´^m˙´ºÊŒ¯˘ Ì¥Ó´tϨ„ : www.britannica.comß.¶.∑´´Ì˘¨„ ≥´¨´t¨´§„˘· ƒ´G~´”ˆ´M„‚∑„ ∏~´¯~´”ƒ´ ¶.Ï.¶. ¶.Ï.¶. ¶.Ï.¶. ¶.Ï.¶. ¶.Ï.¶. ( Digital

Versatile Disc-DVD) ƒ´Gƒ´”X¯ ß.¶.∑´ªflm˙´ < F´¿”‚ B„›´”– ≥´m∑´vB´fiÊ

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≥´”ƒ´G~´” ΩΩ,>cc iFÊ˘°∑´´¯˘ ˙´”m∏∏B´”¨Ê¨´ ∆F´”‚ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠

≥´m∑´v˜ß¿”‚ˆ„X´ ¯¨´”¤ ∏…B´˙W ∑Ê˙´v¨´ Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´´”, F´¨´ˆ„X·z´∑´´”,

ˆÊ¨´m∏‘∑´´”, F´v∏m◊¨´∑´ªm¨´ ˆ´X¶¨´ ∏…B´˙W ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”ƒ´©„≠· um¨´”

¶.Ï.¶.@” ~´XF´¨´¯˘ `ƒ´”Z º„·[©´¯˘¿”‚ˆ„X´ ∏B´”¨´”. ±∑´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´vˆÊz´©´¨´

¥Ó´Ï∆F´t B„·fl~´∏B´”¨´”? \X·pß. ≥´¨´t ƒ´G~´”ˆ´M„‚@”¯˘~´”ƒ´ Ê∑´¨´¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´”

±∑´ FÊv›´tƒ´≥´”Ú ≥´m∑´vBÊÌ@” ≥„·~´∏B´”¨„·©„X·!

nƒ„‘ ∏”ˆW Ù©WˆÊF„«Œ·~„·∆F´©W nƒ„‘ ∏”ˆW Ù©WˆÊF„«Œ·~„·∆F´©W nƒ„‘ ∏”ˆW Ù©WˆÊF„«Œ·~„·∆F´©W nƒ„‘ ∏”ˆW Ù©WˆÊF„«Œ·~„·∆F´©W nƒ„‘ ∏”ˆW Ù©WˆÊF„«Œ·~„·∆F´©W (Every Book Incorporation)≥´m≥„a@”” B„X~´˙´m|~´”ƒ´ Ù.[. ˚„¶ˆ„·M„˚W ‘·˚´~WÙ.[. ˚„¶ˆ„·M„˚W ‘·˚´~WÙ.[. ˚„¶ˆ„·M„˚W ‘·˚´~WÙ.[. ˚„¶ˆ„·M„˚W ‘·˚´~WÙ.[. ˚„¶ˆ„·M„˚W ‘·˚´~W (E.B.DedicatedReader) nm∏ ƒ´Gƒ´”X¯ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´m˙„ n˚´∑´˚„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ∏Ì∑´˚„ F´I¿ Ù~´”ƒ´

@”m˙´vƒ´I n~´˚´” n§W.ß.¶. F´~´¨„∑´´©´”≠ B„X·m|¨´”¤ ≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆWflm˙´ B„›´”–

Ó„§„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú _~´˙„@””´ ¨Êfl¨„. Ù¨´” ʈ´‚~W, Ùme`@”~W ƒ´”˙´”Ú §Ê@”~W∑´´

VF´\X·∑´ˆÊyfl ±@G ˆ„¸·˙´v∑´´¯˘©´ ±Ï∆FÊy~´∑´´ ƒ´G˜˛ `·˚´”˙´Ú¨„.

‡ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´ª∑„§Ê˘ ƒ´””©´”≠¶ BÊq¨´”¤ Ωk<Ω ~´∆F´”‚ ˜m¨„,

^ƒ„”·‘ˆÊ¨´ Ù¯©Ê@hW√ FÊvm˙´t¨´ Ó„©„¶ˆ„‚©W ˆÊ§„·e©´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ˙´LÛ~´ ˙´m˚´

FÊvº„ˆW‚ ∑´”M„©W∏∑WŒ nm∏ B„≥´‘©´¯˘ ±~´m¥[ߨ´ F´vߨ´H F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´ ≥´m∑´vB´

ˆÊ@”Œ. Ùmfl˘∆FW ≥ʘ˙´t¨´ ƒ´”BÊ©W ˆ´…˛∑´„Ì˘ƒ´©´X≠ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥´Úˆ´

~´XF´¨´¯˘ ˙´~´Ì” `◊¨´Œ‘ߨ´ ‡ ˙´m˚´ˆ„y @”z´≥´”√

≥´”Ì¥Ó´ƒÊfl ßqy˙´”, ˆÊ~´w ‡ B´„@” ˆ´…˛∑´ª∑„

ˆÊ°~„MW ÙÌ˘|~´”ƒ´I¨´”. Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ ©´ƒ´”Z

¨„·z´¨´¯˘ ƒ´G~Ê¿ƒÊ∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ ˆ„̃Ê~´”

ˆ´mF´«t¿~W `@”˙´ˆÊ¯ˆ„∑´´ º„X˙„

`·˚´§Ê∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ ß.¶.∑´´¯˘ ‡ FÊvº„ˆW‚

∑´”M„©W∏∑WŒ©´ F´vsÊt˙´ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥´Úˆ´ ≥´~´]

∑´´©´”≠ ƒ´””|v≥´§Êfl¨„. ±≥´ˆ´Ú~´” Ωkkk ~´ “°v§W

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 17 18 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book

©´m˙´~´¨´ °.ß.ˆ„ x≥W‚ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ƒ´G߈´/ ¶eMW ƒ´G߈´ °.ß.ˆ„ x≥W‚ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ƒ´G߈´/ ¶eMW ƒ´G߈´ °.ß.ˆ„ x≥W‚ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ƒ´G߈´/ ¶eMW ƒ´G߈´ °.ß.ˆ„ x≥W‚ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ƒ´G߈´/ ¶eMW ƒ´G߈´ °.ß.ˆ„ x≥W‚ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ƒ´G߈´/ ¶eMW ƒ´G߈´ ¨´ ß.¶.ß.¶.ß.¶.ß.¶.ß.¶.∑´´¯˘

`·˚´§Êfl~´”ƒ´ ‡ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ©„X·˚´∏B´”¨´”, ´ƒ´”Z ´mF´«t¿~W∑´X ƒ´∑ÊŒ≈”ß

ˆ„X´ ∏B´”¨´”.(˚„·`@”§W ¶·F„π·, ~Ê∏MWŒ ÌX≈” ßxƒ´©W ≥´©W,º„X·≥„iFW

ˆÊ©Êv˚W ƒ„X¨´§Ê¨´ F´vƒ´””_ ≥ʘ˛∑´´ ≥´ƒ´”∑´v ´…˛∑´´” ‡∑Ê∑´§„· ± ß.¶.∑´´¯˘

Ì¥Ó´tσ„.) ‡ ≥ÊÏ~Ê~´” F´I¿∑´´ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ F„·ºWƒ„”·ˆ´~W FÊtˆ„·ºW©´¯˘

≥´m∑´v˜ß¿”‚ Ó„·ˆ„m¨Ê∑´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W©´¯˘ ƒ´”X¶ß Ψ´∏B´”¨´”.Ψ´¯ˆ„y

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±ˆ„XvÓÊtMW ‘·˚´~W∑´´” ‡ |≥„@”¯˘ B„›´”– VF´@””ˆ´Ú. BÊ∑„\”· ƒ„”ˆ„Xv

≥ÊiFW‚©´ƒ´~´ e-book‘·˚´~W ˆ´X˚´ ∏m|¨„.

∏…B´˙W ∑Ê˙´v¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥´Úˆ´~´XF´¨´¯˘ ß.¶.@”¯˘

z„·_‘ß¿”‚ˆ„Xm˚´” ^ˆ´≥ÊZ˙W Ψ´”∑´‘m¨´ ì ˆÊ∑´¨´¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ~´XF´¨´¯˘\”·

Ó„·ˆ´”î î nm∏ Ó„·¶ˆ„ ∏m¨´¯˘ ± ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ ´ˆ´¸wƒ„· ƒ´””|vß „X˚´”ƒ´ ≥EÌ¥Ó´t

ˆ„̃´I F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´vˆÊz´ˆ´~´¯˘ ¨„X~„@””˛Ú¨„. ˆ´`∆F´‚ F´ˆ´¸ ^m˙´B´ øc F´v˛∑´ª∑„

Ó„·¶ˆ„ ∏m¨´ ˆ´X˚´§„· ƒ´””|vß ˆ„X˚´”˙ÊÚ~„. Ù¨´‘m¨Êfl ¥ÓÊ‘· F´vƒ´Gw¨´

ˆÊ∑´¨´¨´ Vª˙Ê@”ƒÊ∑´”˙´Ú¨„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥´m∑´vB´¨´ ˙ÊF´˙´v@”, F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´”

BÊÊ∑´”ƒ´I¨´”, ƒ´G~Ê¿ ˆÊyfl ≥Ê∑Ê]ˆ„ ƒ´G˚´”ƒ´I¨´” nÌ˘ƒ´« ˙´F´IN˙´Ú¨„. pˆ´y

∑Ê˙´v¨´ ß.¶. @”¯˘\”· ^©„·ˆ´ÓÊ‘ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ˆ„X´” ƒ´ƒ´~´” Ù~´”˙ÊÚ~„.

^¨´‘m¨´ ≥Ê∑Ê]ˆ„@”X ≥´”Ì¥Ó´ ^Ì˘ƒ„· ?

‡ ‘·˛@” ƒ´G˜˛ ≥´m∑´vB´ƒ´©´”≠ ∑´vmS ÊÌ@”∑´´¯˘ ∏´ßˆ„X´” ˛Ú~´”ƒ´ƒ´~´

≥´ms„t |©´ |©´ˆ„y Ó„„@””˛Ú¨„. um¨´” ∑´vmS ÊÌ@”|m¨´ Ù©„X≠m¨´” ∑´vmS ÊÌ@”ˆ„y

ƒ´G˜˛ Ï`ƒ´”@”, ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”∑´ªm¨´ ˆ´À„·‘∑´ª∑„, zÊ§Ê ˆÊ§„·L”∑´ª∑„,

≥´mz„X·◊¨´©Ê ˆ„·m¨´v∑´ª∑„ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´ ƒ´”Ẍ´, ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ ≥„·˙´”ƒ„∑´´ ƒ´”Ẍ´

©´˚„@””˛Ú¨„. Ù¨´ˆÊyfl §„X·ˆ´§W “‘@G ©„MWƒ´ˆWŒ (Local Area Network- LAN ), ƒ„”M„Xv· Fʯ¿©W §„∏v‘ ©„MWƒ´ˆWŒ

(Metropolitan Library Network -MLN ) BÊ∑´X ƒ„˚W “‘@G ©„MWƒ´ˆWŒ

(Wide Area Network - WAN)∑´´©´”≠

∏´ßˆ„X´ §Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„. ¥ÓÊ~´˙´¨´¯˘©´ ƒ´”BÊ©´∑´~´

∑´´¯˘ ‡ ≥EÌ¥Ó´t ‡∑Ê∑´§„· ›Ê¯Ú@”¯˘¨„.

ˆ´Ìy˙ÊÚ¨´¯˘ CALIBNET nm∏ nm∏ ƒ´tƒ´≥„a

Ù¨´”¤ u¿”‚ ®> ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”∑´´©´”≠ Ù¨´” º„X·¶≥´”˛Ú¨„. Ù¨´©´”≠ NationalInformation System for Science and Technology - NISSATƒ´˜ßˆ„Xm¶¨„. Ù¨´~´m˙„\”· ¨„B´¯ ƒ´”X̨´ Defence Scientific Informa-tion and Documentation Centre - DESIDOC ©´ƒ´~´ DESINET ¥ÓÊ~´˛·@”

~´ˆ´¸fiÊ F´˚„∑´ª∑„ ∑´˙´tƒÊ¨´ ´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ ƒ´G˜˛ BÊ∑´X ∑´vmS ÊÌ@” ºỄÊfl¨„.

^m˙„\”· Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - CSIR ©´ƒ´~´

CSIRNET nm∏ ≥´mz„X·◊¨´©Ê ºỄ´« Ù¨„.

ˆ„∑Ê‘ˆ„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥„·ƒÊˆ„¸·˙´v∑´´¯˘~´”ƒ´ƒ´~´ ∏´ˆ„∑Êfl B„¨´~ÊÓʨW ƒ´”X̨´

Computer Maintenance Corporation- CMC ©´ƒ´~´” ≥Êa°ß~´”ƒ´

INDONET F´v≥´”Ú˙´ ¨„B´¯, ˆ´Ìy˙ÊÚ, ƒ´””mÓ„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ›„©„≠b ƒ´”BÊ©´∑´~´∑´´©´”≠

º„X·¶ß¨´”¤ Ó„m∑´´X~´”, ^B´ƒ´”¨ÊÓʨW ƒ´”˙´”Ú F´Ifi„∑´´¯˘ ˆ´X˚´ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ

ˆ„Xm¶∑´´©´”≠ ّ߈„Xm¶¨„. ƒ´””mÓ„©´¯˘©´ Videsh Sanchar Nigam Lim-ited - VSNL ©´ Gateway switching Service ƒ´”Ẍ´ ‡ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ „Ì≥´

`ƒ´Œ˜≥´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´I¨´‘m¨´ ^m˙Ê~Ê∆°Ã·@” ºÊÌ ∑´Ê ´ TYMNET, TELENET,DATEX-P, TRANSPAC ∑´´©´”≠ ≥´”Ì¥Ó´ƒÊfl ´Ì”F´∏B´” ´”.

¨„B´¯ ƒ´”XÌ|m¨´ n§Ê˘ ~ÊLt∑´´ ~ÊL◊¨Ê`∑´´©´”≠ ƒ´”˙´”Ú e§Ê˘

ˆ„·m¨´v∑´´©´”≠ INSAT ƒ´”Ẍ´ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ¨´¯˘¿”‚ˆ„Xm˚´” ˆ„·m¨´v BÊ∑´X ~ÊLt

≥´ˆÊŒ~´∑´´ ±˚´ª˙´ ≥´”∑´ƒ´”ƒÊ∑´Ì”, ƒ´G˜˛ Ï`ƒ´”@” ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ Ì” NationalInformatics Centre - NIC©´ƒ´~´” ≥Êa°ß¨´ National Informatics CentreNetworks - NICENET ≥´¨´t B„›´”– ≥´”|¤@”¯˘¨´”¤¨´” ›´”©Êƒ´fi„∑´´ ≥´m¨´¥Ó´Œ

¨´¯˘. ¨´X~´¨´z´Œ©´¨´ F´~´¨„@”ƒ„”·§„ ~Ê∆F´Ã¨´ n§Ê˘ ˆ´˚„∑´ªm¨´ ƒ´”˙´ “]ˆ„@”

σ´~´∑´´©´”≠ @”S¨Êƒ´˙ÊÚfl, ˆ´”˘F´ÚˆÊÌ ¨´¯˘ `·¶¨´”¤ ‡ NICENET ºỄ„·.

Ù¨´~´¯˘ Depatment of Biotechnology ≥´m≥„a@”ƒ´~´ BTISNET ƒ´G˜˛

≥´m∑´vB´ƒ´« ≥„·‘¨„.

Ù©´”≠ Õˆ´¸w ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´ Ïz„· ∆F´

∑´vmS¨´Æƒ´G˜˛Æ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ Ï`ƒ´”@” ˆÊyfl\”·

ERNET, INFLIBNET ƒ´”˙´”Ú VIDYANET nm∏

ºÊÌ∑´ªƒ„. Ó„m∑´´X‘©´ Indian Institute ofScience - IISc, ƒ´””mÓ„©´ National Centrefor Software Technology - NCST ƒ´”˙´”Ú

Depat ment of Electronics - DOE , ÏÏ◊¨´

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 19 20 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book

©´∑´~´∑´´¯˘©´ ¨´” ≥´m≥„a∑´´” ≥´m@””ˆ´ÚƒÊfl Education and Research Net-work - ERNET nm∏ ≥´mF´ˆ´ŒºÊÌ “F´Œ¶ßˆ„Xm¶ƒ„. m˙„\”· Ïz´xϨÊtÌ@”

◊¨´©´ ≥´BÊ@” ±\X·∑´ UGC ¨´ FÊv\X·Lˆ´˙´x¨´¯˘ > ©„· F´m›´ ƒÊ∆°Œˆ´

\X·L©„@”¶ ^©´”∆FÊ‚©´∑„Xm¶~´”ƒ´ INFLIBNET ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ ºÊ̈„y V©´≠˙´

Õˆ´¸w¨´ ≥´m≥„a∑´´”,Ïz´xϨÊtÌ@”∑´´”,≥´mz„X·◊¨´©„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ^¥[ƒ´…|H ≥´m≥„a∑´´”,

CSIR, ICAR, ICMR, ICSSR ©´m˙´B´ B´ÌƒÊ~´” ≥´m≥„a∑´´ º„X˙„∑„ ΩDc ´Xy

B„›´”–Ïz´x ϨÊtÌ@”∑´´ ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”∑´´”, Dc ≥Ê≠˙´ˆ„X·˙´Ú~´ ˆ„·m¨´v∑´´” ƒ´”˙´”Ú

≥Êx@””˙´Ú ƒ´”BÊϨÊtÌ@”∑´´”, øcc Ïz„·∆F´ ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”∑´´X ≥„·‘ƒ„.

B„X≥´ ≥´B´≥´vƒ´G©´¨´ ˆ„X˚´”∑„@” ‘·˛@”¯˘ ±\X·e˙´ ƒÊfl~´”ƒ´

VIDYANET nm∏ ƒ´G˜˛ ºÊÌ ¨„B´¯@” All India Institute of MedicalSciences - AIIMS, IIT BÊ∑´X National Physical Laboratory, ƒ´””mÓ„©´

Bhaba Atomic Research - BARC, Tata Institute of FundamentalResearch ƒ´”˙´”Ú IIT, ˆ´Ìy˙´Ú¨´ Indian Statistical Insitute ƒ´”˙´”Ú IndianInstitute of Geomagnetism ≥´m≥„a∑´„· Ì˘¨„ B´ƒ´”¨ÊÓʨW, Ó„m∑´´X~´”,

¥Ó´XFʧW, ˆ´Ìy˙ÊÚ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ›„©„≠b∑´´¯˘~´”ƒ´ F´vƒ´””_ ≥´mz„X·◊¨´©Ê ≥´m≥„a∑´´©´”≠

º„X·¶≥´¯¨„. ‡ ºÊÌ ˙´”mÓÊ ƒÊtF´ˆ´ƒÊ∑´”˛Ú¨„.

˜·∑„ B„X≥´¨Ê¨´ ƒ´G˜˛ ºÊÌ∑´´”, ≥´mz„X·◊¨´©Ê ¨´˙ÊÚmz´ ˆ„X·z´∑´´”

F´vF´m›´¨Ê¨´tm˙´ B´~´˚´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ ‡ ≥´ƒ´”@”¨´¯˘ ©Êƒ´I ≥´◊¨´t ∏´≥´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´

∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@” n∆F´”‚ ˜m¨´”ª|¨„, n∆∆F´”‚ ƒ´””m¨´” ƒ´~„@”Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„ n©´”≠ƒ´I¨´©´”≠

ˆ´”‘˙´” pm˛≥´Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„.

Ù¨„· ≥´m¨´¥Ó´Œ¨´¯˘ ©´ƒ´”Z zʧ„∑´´¯˘ ∏´ˆ„@”¯˘~´”ƒ´ Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w

∑´´ º„X˙„ ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”ƒ´©´”≠ F´«~´ˆ´ƒÊfl ∏´ß ˆ„X´ Ó„·ˆÊ¨´ ^`ƒÊ@”Œ˙„ Ù¨„.

ˆ„·ƒ´Ì ˆ´FÊ¿”∑´´¯˘ Ù¿”‚ ◊¨´X´”, e~´§„, Ù¯∑´ª∑„ ƒ´G˙´v Ψ´Ì” ˆ„X˚´¨„

ϨÊtS|Œ∑´´ ˆ„∑„ ^ƒ´I ß∑´”ƒ´m˙„ ƒ´G˚´Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„. Ù¨´ˆÊyfl ≥´B´…¨´≈” Õˆ´¸ˆ´~´”

˙´ƒ´”Z zÊ§Ê ≥´ƒ´”@”¨´¯˘ ∑´vmS¨´ ∏´ˆ„∑„

≥´m∏m◊|ߨ´ ›´¿”ƒ´Uˆ„∑´´©´”≠ B´Ï”Zˆ„X´

Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„. ^∆F„‚· ^Ì˘¨„ ˙´ƒ´”Z ƒ„@”qÚˆ´

∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@” ƒ´©´”≠ ˆ´X˚´ ^ƒ´~´” Ó„„߈„X´

Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„.

Ωk>Í~´ B„X≥´ ~Ê∆°Ã·@” Õˆ´¸w `·˛@”

F´vˆÊ~´ Ó„X·◊¨´©„ (Teaching) nm∏ F´‘ˆ´ÌN©„∑„

∏¨´¯∑„ ˆ´¯ˆ„ (Learning), Ó„X·◊¨´ˆ´ / Õˆ´¸ˆ´

(Teacher) F´‘ˆ´ÌN©„@” ∏¨´¯∑„ ˆ´¯ˆ„@”©´”≠ F„«v·˙Ê√˜≥´”ƒ´ ƒ´G∑´Œ¨´z´Œˆ´ /

≥´mF´©´XZÌ ƒ´tqÚ (Learning Fecilitator / Educational Practitioner)nm∏”¨´” ∏´ˆ„@”¯˘¨„. ©Êƒ´I Ó„X·◊|≥´”ƒ´I¨´~´ ∏¨´Ì” ˆ´¯ˆÊ F´vqv\”@”¯˘

FÊÌ”¨Ê~´~Ê∑´Ó„·ˆ´”. Ù¨´ˆ„y ˙´ƒ´”Z ˛m∑´´ ≥´m∏´¨´ Ω% ‘m¨´ D% ~´∆F´”‚Ω% ‘m¨´ D% ~´∆F´”‚Ω% ‘m¨´ D% ~´∆F´”‚Ω% ‘m¨´ D% ~´∆F´”‚Ω% ‘m¨´ D% ~´∆F´”‚

¥ÓÊ∑´ƒ´©´”≠ ´ƒ´”Z ≥„·ƒÊ „¸·˙´v¨´¯˘ F´‘w˛∑´ªßˆ„X´ Ì”, ≥´m∏m◊|ߨ´ F´I≥´Úˆ´, F´˛vˆ„,

`@”˙´ˆÊ¯ˆ´∑´´©´”≠ _‘·|≥´Ì” ∏´ßˆ„X´” ƒ´ ƒ´”©´≥´”√ ƒ´G¶¨´~„ F´v˛ ƒ´”©„, zʧ„

Ó„X·◊ ´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´ªm¨´ ´”m[ ´”´”ˆ´”˙´Ú¨„, ƒ´”ˆ´y´¯˘ ´¯ˆÊ F´vƒ´…˛Ú B„›´”–˙´Ú¨„.

º„X˙„∑„ ±◊ ´”`ˆ´ ∏B´”ƒ´G◊ ´tƒ´” VF´ˆ´~´w∑´´ F´‘›´@”ƒ´« ±fl um¨„Xm¨Êfl ƒ´I

ƒ´”©„ ≥„·~´”˙´Úƒ„. ¨´” ^S¨´ƒÊ B´˙´”Ú ƒ´ ∆F´Œ∑´´ ˆÊÌ ˜·∑„ ≥´˙´˙´ƒÊfl

Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´ ƒ„”·§„ B´w ƒ´t≈”≥´”ƒ´I¨´‘m¨´ ©´∆F´‚ƒ„·©´X ±∑´¨„ ^∑Ê◊¨´

ºÊÛ©´FÊv°Ú ±∑´”˙´Ú¨„. Ù¨´”ƒ´~„∑„ ˛ªß¨´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´”, ˆ´mF´«t¿~W

ƒ„X¨´§Ê¨´ƒ´I F´v˛\X∏»~´ ƒ´”©„∑„ ∏~´”ƒ´m˙Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„, ^Ì˘ƒ„·?

Ù∆F„‚§Ê˘ Ïz„·∆F´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´ ∏∑„∫ B„·ª@G¨´ ƒ„”·§„ ´©´≠˚´ F´I≥´Úˆ„X·¨´tƒ´”¨´

∏∑„∫, ˆ´©´≠˚´¨´¯˘ ‡ ‘·˛@” Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ∑´´©´”≠ F´vˆ´U≥´”ƒ´I¨´~´ ˆ´”‘˙´”

B„·´§„· Ó„·ˆ´”. ≥´¨´t |ˆ´X√p F´vˆÊz´©´ |ˆ´X√p F´vˆÊz´©´ |ˆ´X√p F´vˆÊz´©´ |ˆ´X√p F´vˆÊz´©´ |ˆ´X√p F´vˆÊz´©´ ¨´ƒ´~´” ߯ˆÊ©W ßU߯ˆÊ©W ßU߯ˆÊ©W ßU߯ˆÊ©W ßU߯ˆÊ©W ßU nm∏ ƒ´G≥´F´˛vˆ„

@”©´”≠ B„X~´˙´~´”˛Ú¨´”¤ ¨´~„XU‚∑„ ·˚´§Ê∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ ∏B´”ƒ´G◊ ´tƒ´” ß.¶.@”¯˘

Ùm˙´B´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´ F´vˆ´¿fi„∑„ F´v@”˙´≠ ≥Êfl¨„. ˆ´©´≠˚´¨´ Ψ´”∑´~´” ƒ´””|v˙´

F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ˆ„X´” ƒ´I¨´©´”≠ ~´X‹¶ßˆ„Xm˚Ê∑´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ˆ„X´” ƒ´

∏∑„∫ ¥Ó´~´ƒ´≥„ ƒ´”X˚´”˙´Ú¨„. F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´„· ƒ´G~Ê¿ƒÊ∑´|¨´¤ƒ„”·§„ F´vˆÊz´ˆ´~´”

^ƒ´I∑´´©´”≠ @G˙´ˆÊyfl ƒ´””|v≥´Ó„·ˆ´” B„·ª? ˆ´©´≠˚´¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ °v·˛ Ó„„≥´”ƒ´

ˆÊ@”ˆ´ˆ„y, ∑´vmS ´ ºÊ∑´…˛∑„ ß∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ F„«v·˙Ê√B´¨´ ∏∑„∫ B„·´¨„· Ù~´”ƒ´I¨„· §„·≥´”.

≥ʘ˛ P· F´. ~ʃ´”ˆ´…∆F´ÿzÊßÒ@”ƒ´~´” ‡ ˆ´©´≠¶∑´~´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ °v·˛@” ∏∑„∫ ˜·∑„

∏~„|¨Ê¤~„:

ƒ´”©„ƒ´”©„∑„ ≥´~´≥´˛@” u\”¤ ©Ê©„Xƒ„”Z.

F´I≥´Úˆ´ ƒ´G~Ê¿ƒ„m¨´~„ ©´©´fl˙´”Ú B„ƒ„”Z.

≥´mº„@G¨Ê∑´ ßqy¨´ B´w ∏‘@” nmMÊfi„.

ˆ´©´≠¶∑´~´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ °v·˛ Ù¨´” ¨„·ƒ´~Êfi„.

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 21 22 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book

e·ƒ´©´Ï¶· ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”e·ƒ´©´Ï¶· ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”e·ƒ´©´Ï¶· ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”e·ƒ´©´Ï¶· ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”e·ƒ´©´Ï¶· ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”

Õˆ´¸w ˆ„·ƒ´Ì zÊ§Ê ˆÊ§„·L”∑´´¯˘~´”ƒ´∆F´”‚ |©´ ƒ´G˙´v ˆ´¯@””ƒ´mS¨´¨´”¤

nm∏ ¥Óʃ´©„ ƒ´G@”ƒÊfl e·ƒ´©´Ï¶· ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\” (Life LongLearning) nm∏”¨´©´”≠ L©´‘∑„ ƒ´”©´ƒ´‘ˆ„ ƒ´G¶ˆ„X˚´Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„. ≥ÊmF´v¨Ê≈”ˆ´

ƒ´”˙´”Ú ^≥ÊmF´v¨Ê≈”ˆ´ Ï◊ Ê©´∑´ªm¨´ ‡ ˆ´¯ˆ„ ë `~´m˙´~´ L~´”∑´”˙´Ú§„· Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„

ƒ´”˙´”Ú Ù¨´” ^∑´˙´t ˆ´X˚´. ˆ„·ƒ´Ì ì AAAAA î ∑„v·˚W ˙„∑„¨´ ƒ´G˙´vˆ„y·, ~ÊtmˆW q‘·¿

B„X˙´Úƒ´G˙´vˆ„y· u∏»©´©´”≠ ∏”|Hƒ´m˙´ ©„m¨´” F´‘∑´]≥´Ì” ∏~´”ƒ´I|Ì˘.

[v¿`≠©´ §„·∏~W ¶FÊMWŒƒ„”mMW F´vˆ´Uß~´”ƒ´ “The Learning Age- A Renaissance for a New Britain” ≥´Ï”·ˆÊ¸≥´mF´I¿¨´¯˘ e·ƒ´ƒ´G©´

F´~´tm˙´ ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”@” ∏∑„∫ ≥´”|·JŒ ›´›„Œ F´v≥´”Ú˙´F´¶≥´§Êfl¨„. Õˆ´¸w

ƒ´”˙´”Ú V¨„Xt·∑´ Ù§Ês„@” ~ÊLt ˆÊ@”Œ¨´ÕŒ ˚„·Ï˚W ∏˘mˆ„MW ^ƒ´~´ F´vˆÊ~´

ì øΩ©„· z´˙´ƒ´G©´ `Õ–˙´ƒÊfl@”X B„X≥´ ∏¨´§Êƒ´fi„∑´´©´”≠, ≥´ƒÊÌ”∑´´©´”≠ u˚´”d

ƒ´mS ´ ´”¤. Ùm ´B´ ≥´m ´¥Ó´Œ ´ ˘ ©´ƒ´”Z ~´ ´ fi„∑„ ∏~´”ƒI ´” „·ƒ´Ì ©ÊƒI ë `~´m ´~´ ƒÊfl

´ @””ƒ´ ƒ´” ´”Ú ´ ´ ´¤©´”≠ ≥´ƒ´”S ´ŒƒÊfl ∏´ß „X´” ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”S ´tŒ ƒ´G ´v ©´ƒ´”Z©´”≠

¥Ó´ ´v „≈”m ´ ÊFÊ ´ ∏Ì˘ ´”. ©ÊƒI „Ì≥´ ´ ˘~´”ƒÊ∑´, Ï~ʃ´” ´ ˘~´” ƒÊ∑´, S ´ƒÊ

@GƒÊ∑´ Ó„· „m ´~„ ±∑´, n¯˘ Ó„· „m ´~„ ^¯˘ ´ @”” ´Ú§„· ≥Ê∑´Ó„·ˆÊfl „.î î

‡ ´¯@””ψ„ ∑„X˛Ú~´”ƒ´m˙„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ∑„X˙ÊÚ∑´¨´m˙„ ©´˚„@””˙´Ú§„· Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„.

ì î ©ƒ”Z ©´˚´ƒ´ªˆ„@”¯˘ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ©´ƒ´”Z ≥´xÆV¨ÊH~´¨´ (Self-improvement)F´vqv\”@”¯˘ Êvm˛@G¨Ê∑´, ~´m˙´~´ ∏¨´§Êƒ´fi„∑„X´F´MÊ‚∑´ Ùm˙´B´ ~´m˙´~´

ˆ´¯ˆÊ F´vqv\” ©´©´≥Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„î , n©´”≠˙ÊÚ~„ Õˆ´¸w ƒ´”˙´”Ú V¨„Xt·∑´ Ù§Ês„@”

Individual Learning Policy Team ©´ ©Ê@”ˆ´ John Seymour.∏¨´§Êƒ´fi„∑„X´∑Ê∑´Ó„·ˆÊ¨´ ©´˚´ƒ´ªˆ„∑´´” ©´ƒ´”Z¯˘ ∏Ì ƒÊfl

Ó„·~´”[U‚ƒ„. zʧ„∑´X Õˆ´¸wˆ´Xy ≥´m∏m◊|ߨ´m˙„

Ù¨´” ≥´˙´t. ~Ê@”§W ≥„X≥„U ±iFW ±MW√Œ~Ê@”§W ≥„X≥„U ±iFW ±MW√Œ~Ê@”§W ≥„X≥„U ±iFW ±MW√Œ~Ê@”§W ≥„X≥„U ±iFW ±MW√Œ~Ê@”§W ≥„X≥„U ±iFW ±MW√Œ

F´vˆ´Uß~´”ƒ´ “Redefining Schooling”nm∏

›´›ÊŒ F´v∏m◊¨´ ¨´¯˘ ì î “zʧ„@”¯˘ “©„§Ê˘

ˆ´¯≥´§Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„X· ^¨´” Õˆ´¸w. ±¨´~„ ƒ´”ˆ´y´”

zʧ„∑„ ∏~´”ƒÊ∑´ B„X~´fl©´ ©´”¥Ó´ƒ´ ∑´´©´”≠ zʧÊ

F´‘≥´~´¨„X´∑„ ˙´~´”˙´Úƒ„. ± zʧ„@” B„X~´fl©´

^©´”¥Ó´ƒ´∑´´©´”≠ ≥´ƒ´”S ´ŒƒÊfl zʧ„@” F Ô~´t¨´ º„X˙„

∏´ßˆ„X´” ƒ´ Õˆ´¸ˆ´~´” _m¶˙´ @”z´ßx@G∑´”˙ÊÚ~„. F´v≥´”Ú˙´ m˙´B´ Õˆ´¸ˆ´~´” n¯˘?

F Ô~´tF´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ B„X~´fl©´ ©´”¥Ó´ƒ´∑´´©´”≠ B„·´Ì” ƒ´‘∑„ ƒ´ˆÊz´ ·˚´§Êfl¨„\”·?î î “nm∏ σ´~´∑´´” ^¨´~´¯˘ƒ„.

Ùm∑„˘m¶©´¯˘ Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ ©´˚„≥´§Ê¨´ ≥´Ï”·ˆ„¸\Xm¨´~´ F´vˆÊ~´ 83% L©´ ì

`~´m˙´~´ ˆ´¯ˆ„ ƒ´””m|©´ z´˙´ƒ´G©´¨´ ^˙´tƒ´”XÌt ±ßÚ@G∑´¯¨„ nm∏”¨Êfl

˛ªß¨´~„, 72% L©´~´ F´vˆÊ~´ ƒ„@”qÚˆ´ Ó„´ƒ´]∑„∑„ Ù¨´” ^∑´˙´tƒÊfl~´”ƒ´I¨´‘m¨´

Ù¨´ˆÊyfl B„›´”– ≥´ƒ´”@” Ï”·≥´¯˚´Ó„·ˆ´” nm¨´” B„·ª¨Ê¤~„. Bill Kirkman^ƒ´~´ F´vˆÊ~´ ”ºÊÛ©ÊLŒ©„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ^¨´~´ ≥´Xˆ´Ú BÊ∑´X F´‘fiʃ´”ˆÊ‘· ∏´ˆ„

∏¨´§Ê∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ ≥´ƒ´GL¨´ ˙´t∑´˙´t mz´. ~´m˙´~´ ´¯ˆÊ ›´´ƒ´ª, ºÊÛ©ÊLŒ©„@”

F´vqv\” ƒ´””m|©´ z´˙´ƒ´G©´¨´¯˘ @”z´ß√∑„ q·¯ˆ„.”îî

L©´ ºÊÛ©ÊLŒ©„∑„ ë `·˚´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ ƒ´”B´˙´x `Lˆ´Xy zÊ˘Jë `·@”.

^¨´~„XU‚∑„· ^ƒ´~´” ºÊÛ©´¨´ ÏÏ◊¨´ ±ˆ´~´∑´´˙´Ú, ºÊÛ©´°·Ô~´∑´´˙´Ú, Ϩ„t

¨„X~„@””ƒ´ ÏÏ◊¨´ ˆ„¸·˙´v∑´´˙´ÚÌX ≥´Xˆ´Ú∑´ƒ´”©´ ë `·˚´Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„. zʧ„,

Ïz´xϨÊtÌ@”, ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”∑´´¯˘ ºÊÛ©´ „X~„@””˙´Ú¨„ nm∏”¨´” nÌ˘~´ ©´m[ˆ„.

qv·˚Ê ˆ„·m¨´v∑´´”, ƒ´”Xtß@”m∑´´”, Ùm¿~W ©„MW, ƒ´…˙´ÚF´˛vˆ„, ƒ´”˛Ú˙´~„

ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´X ˆ´X˚´ ©´ƒ´”∑„ zʧ„@”¯˘ ˆ´¯˙´¨´¤qym˙´ B„p–©´¨´©´”≠ ˆ´¯≥´”˙´Úƒ„.

^m˙„\”· ƒÊtFÊ‘ ≥´mq·wŒ ∑´´”, ~„Ì”∑´´”, ~„Ì”ë `§Ê¤w∑´´”, ~„≥„X‚·~Ê ∑´´”,

F´ÓW∑´´X ˆ´X˚´. ≥ʃ´ŒL`ˆ´ e·ƒ´©´¨´ ∏B´”ƒ´””_t ^m∑´ ≥´ƒ´GL, ≥´¥Ó„,

≥´ƒ´G~´m¥Ó´∑´´”, Ù˙Êt| ˆ´X˚´ ©´ƒ´”∑„ B´ÌƒÊ~´” Ï∆F´@”∑´´©´”≠ ˆ´¯≥´”˙´Úƒ„.

ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ ƒ´”©´≥´”√ ƒ´‘∑„ ≥´m „@G ´~„·©´”, zʧ„@G ´~„·©´”, ∑´vmS ÊÌ@”ƒÊ ´~„·©´”,

^ƒ´~´” n¯˘ ´¤~´X ´ @””˙ÊÚ~„! ´ @””ƒ´ B´m∏̃I´ ƒ´‘∑„ nm „m|∑´X ≥„X·¯Ì˘!

‡ ë `~´m˙´~´ ´¯ˆÊ ›´´ƒ´ª@” ◊ „t·@”ƒÊˆ´t î “ ´ „ nÌ˘ ´ „@”X ±∑´” ´Ú „.

@GƒÊ∑´ÌX ©Êƒ I ´ @”” ´Ú§„· Ù~´” „Ú·ƒ„. ©„· ´ ƒ„·„ ©´ƒ´”∑„ ∑„X „Ú· ±∑´ ´m „@”X

´ @”” ´Ú§„· Ù~´” „Ú·ƒ„.î “ î (Learning is everywhere. We do it all the time,often without realising.)

ë `~´m˙´~´ ˆ´¯ˆÊ ›´´ƒ´ª@” ›´›„Œ@”¯˘

¥ÓÊ∑´ƒ´˜ß¨´ƒ´~´ ^¥[FÊv@”ƒ´©´”≠ ˜·∑„ ≥´m∑´v˜ß

B„·´∏B´”¨´” ÆÆ ˆ´¯ˆ„@” B„X≥´ ≥Ê◊¨´t˙„∑´´”ˆ´¯ˆ„@” B„X≥´ ≥Ê◊¨´t˙„∑´´”ˆ´¯ˆ„@” B„X≥´ ≥Ê◊¨´t˙„∑´´”ˆ´¯ˆ„@” B„X≥´ ≥Ê◊¨´t˙„∑´´”ˆ´¯ˆ„@” B„X≥´ ≥Ê◊¨´t˙„∑´´”

ƒ´”˙´”Ú B„X≥´ ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´ ^∑´˙´t Ùm¨´”ƒ´”˙´”Ú B„X≥´ ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´ ^∑´˙´t Ùm¨´”ƒ´”˙´”Ú B„X≥´ ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´ ^∑´˙´t Ùm¨´”ƒ´”˙´”Ú B„X≥´ ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´ ^∑´˙´t Ùm¨´”ƒ´”˙´”Ú B„X≥´ ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´ ^∑´˙´t Ùm¨´”

B „›Ê –fl¨ „ .B „›Ê –fl¨ „ .B „›Ê –fl¨ „ .B „›Ê –fl¨ „ .B „›Ê –fl¨ „ . ”ºÊÛ© ´ƒ ´ I n§„ ˘˚ „≈”m¨´ºÊÛ© ´ƒ ´ I n§„ ˘˚ „≈”m¨´ºÊÛ© ´ƒ ´ I n§„ ˘˚ „≈”m¨´ºÊÛ© ´ƒ ´ I n§„ ˘˚ „≈”m¨´ºÊÛ© ´ƒ ´ I n§„ ˘˚ „≈”m¨´

©´ƒ„”Z˚„∑„ B´‘¨´” ∏~´¯©´ƒ„”Z˚„∑„ B´‘¨´” ∏~´¯©´ƒ„”Z˚„∑„ B´‘¨´” ∏~´¯©´ƒ„”Z˚„∑„ B´‘¨´” ∏~´¯©´ƒ„”Z˚„∑„ B´‘¨´” ∏~´¯ ”nm∏ VF´ ∆F´˙W ƒÊˆ´t

Ù¯˘ F´v≥´”Ú˙´ ˆ´X˚´. `·ƒ„·©´m˛·‘ ?

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 23 24 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book

B„X·ƒ´hWƒ´ˆWŒ∑„Xm¨´” ƒ„ÓW≥„MWB„X·ƒ´hWƒ´ˆWŒ∑„Xm¨´” ƒ„ÓW≥„MWB„X·ƒ´hWƒ´ˆWŒ∑„Xm¨´” ƒ„ÓW≥„MWB„X·ƒ´hWƒ´ˆWŒ∑„Xm¨´” ƒ„ÓW≥„MWB„X·ƒ´hWƒ´ˆWŒ∑„Xm¨´” ƒ„ÓW≥„MW

´mF´«t¿~W „ · ´v Ï≥´Ú‘ß ´m „ Õ ´ w „ · ´v ´Xy ´mF´«t¿~W um ´” ƒ´~´ƒÊfl

∏m|~´”ƒ´ ∏∑„∫ ‡∑Ê∑´§„· ©„X·¶ „¤·ƒ„. Ïz´x¨Ê ´tm ´ Ï≥´Ú‘ß~´”ƒ´ ƒ´G˜˛ m ´ºÊŒÌ

(Internet) ¨´¯˘ ©´ƒ´”∑„ Ó„·ˆ„m¨´ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ Ó„·ˆ„m¨´ ˆ´¸w¨´¯˘ ˙´‘߈„Xm˚´”

∏´ß „X´” ƒ´ ≥EÌ¥Ó´tÏ „. ‡ ≥EÌ¥Ó´t „·ƒ´Ì FEv‹ ´ ◊ ´t©´ „y ƒ´G ´v Ï”·≥´§ÊflÌ˘

FÊvS ´Ï” ´ zʧ„≈”m ´ ±~´m¥[ß V©´≠ ´Õ ´ w ƒ´tƒ´≥„a@” n§Ê˘ ≥´Ú~´∑´ª∑´X Ï≥´Ú‘ß „.

^m˙´B´ um¨´” Ù˛Ú·p©´ V¨ÊB´~´fi„ ƒ´”ˆ´yª∑„ B„X·ƒ´hW ƒ´ˆWŒ ƒ´G˚´Ì”

≥´BÊ@”ƒ´G ´”ƒ´ ƒ„ÓW≥„MW www.homeworkheaven.com‡ ƒ„ÓW ≥„MW©´ ˘ um ´‘m ´ ±~´©„· ´~´∑´ @” ϨÊtS|Œ∑´ª∑„ Ï”·≥´§Êfl~´”ƒ´

B„X·mƒ´ WŒ ≥„m¿v§W LXt`@”~W (Homework Central Junior) Ï¥ÓÊ∑´ƒ´«,

ƒ´G◊¨´tÏ”ˆ´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú FEv‹˚´zÊ§Ê Ï¨ÊtS|Œ∑´ª∑Êfl Ù~´”ƒ´ B„X·mƒ´ˆWŒ ≥„m¿v§W

(Homework Central) ƒ´” ´”Ú ˆÊ§„·L” ϨÊtS|Œ∑´´ BÊ∑´X ≥´mz„X·◊ ´©ÊS|Œ∑´´

≥´BÊ@”ˆÊyfl\”· ߨ´HÏ~´”ƒ´ n©W≥„ˆ„X˘°·¶@G ≥„m¿v§W (EncyclopaediaCentral) nm∏ ƒ´”X~´” Ï¥ÓÊ∑´∑´ªƒ„.

B„X·mƒ´ˆWŒ ≥„m¿v§W LXt`@”~W (Homework Central Junior)Ï¥ÓÊ∑´¨´¯˘ ≥´ƒ´GLϺÊÛ©´, ƒ´G©´ƒ´zÊ≥´Ò, _∑„X·´ÏºÊÛ©´, ÓÊBÊtm˙´‘·ˆ´¸

›´¿”ƒ´Uˆ„∑´´”, e·ƒ´zÊ≥´Ò, ≥´ƒ´G©´tϺÊÛ©´, B´ƒÊƒ´G©´, ¥ÓÊ∆F„, ˆ´§„∑´´”,

F´vF´m›´ ´ÏÏ◊ ´ ¥ÓÊ∆F„∑´´” ƒ´” ´”Ú F´vF´m›´ Ê ´tm ´ ©´ „@””ƒ´ F´v›´ ´ Ï ´tƒ´G©´∑´´

´”‘˙Ê ´ ÏFŸÌ ƒ´G˜˛, F„π·M„X·∑´´” Ì¥Ó´tσ„. ‡ n§Ê˘ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ ±flm¨Ê∑„∫

©´Ï· ´‘ß, B„X≥´ Ï∆F´@”∑´ª ´¤~„ ≥„·‘ß F´v≥´”Ú ´∑„Xª≥´§Ê∑´” ´Ú „.

ƒ´G◊ tÏ” ´ ƒ´” ´”Ú FEv‹ ´zÊ§Ê Ï¨ÊtS|Œ∑´ª∑Êfl Ù~´”ƒ´ B„X·mƒ´ˆWŒ ≥„m¿v§W

(Homework Central) Ï¥ÓÊ∑´¨´¯˘ ƒ„”·§„ B„·ª~´”ƒ´ n§Ê˘ Ï∆F´@”∑´´ ∏∑„∫

FEv‹˚´ ^¥ÓÊt≥´ˆÊyfl Ó„·ˆÊ∑´”ƒ´ B„p–©´

σ´~´∑´ª¨´”¤ º„X˙„∑„ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´, ~ÊL`·˛,

FE~´`·˛ Ù˙Êt| Ï∆F´@”∑´´” ≥„·F´Œ˚„@Gflƒ„.

Ù¨´~„XU‚∑„· Ù~´”ƒ´ F´~ʃ´”z´Œ©´ Ï¥ÓÊ∑´

^˙´”t˙´Úƒ´”ƒ„m¨´” B„≥´~Êfl¨„. Ù¯˘ FÊv›´tƒ´≥´”Ú

≥´m∑´vBÊÌ@”, ƒ´≥´”Ú ≥´m∑´vBÊÌ@”,

∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”, F´¨´ˆ„X·z´∑´´”, Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´´”,

≥´ƒ´G© S ´Œˆ´ BÊ∑´X Ï~´”¨ÊHS ´Œˆ´ F´ ´ „X·z´∑´´”,

¥¥Ó´XF´¿∑´´”, ≥´XqÚ∑´´”, F´vß ´H~´ B„·ª „∑´´ ≥´m∑´vB´∑´´” Ù˙Êt| ƒ´G˜˛ ÏFŸÌƒÊfl „.

Ùƒ´I∑´´¯˘©´ ˆ„̃´I Ï¥ÓÊ∑´∑´´” ˆ„·ªÆB„·ªÆ˛ª (Interacive) ƒ´G¨´‘@”, ∏”|H∑„

´≥´~´ ´”Ú `· ´”ƒ´ Ï∆F´@”∑´Êflƒ„. ˆÊ§„·L” ϨÊtS|Œ∑´´ BÊ∑´X ≥´mz„X·◊ ´©ÊS|Œ∑´´

≥´BÊ@”ˆÊyfl\”· ߨ´HÏ~´”ƒ´ Encyclopaedia Central©´¯˘ Ïz´xˆ„X·z´¨´

Ï≥ÊÚ~´ „@””´ ƒ´G˜˛@” ≥Ê∑´~´ƒ„·Ù „.

ϨÊtS|Œ∑´ª∑„ @Gƒ´I¨Ê¨´~´X Ï∆F´@” ^S¨´ŒƒÊ∑´¨„· B„X·¨´¯˘ ^¨´ˆÊyfl

Ï”·≥´¯~´”ƒ´ ÓʈW√©´¯˘ Ùm˙´B´ Ï∆F´@” ´”‘˙´” ƒ´G˜˛ Ó„·ˆ´” nm¨´” ©´ƒ´”X|ߨ´~„

≥ʈ´”, ≥ʈ´∆F´”‚ ƒ´G˜˛ ´X˚´§„· σ´~´∑´„Xm|∑„ F´~´¨„@” ƒ„”·§„ BÊL~Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„.

^¨´X ˆ´X˚´ ^S¨´ŒƒÊ∑´¯Ì˘ nm¨´”ˆ„Xª , ±∑´ ± Ï∆F´@” ˆ´”‘˙´m˙„ B„p–©´

ƒ´G˜˛∑Êfl Ï∆F´@” ˙´LÛ~´ ≥´ÌB„ F´˚„@””ƒ´m˙„ ≥´X›´©„ ∏~´”˙´Ú¨„ (Stumped!Consult an expert)..... ‡ ‘·˛@” ≥´ƒ´”≥„t∑´ª∑„ F´‘BÊ~´ ≥´Xp≥´§„m¨„·

F´‘w˙´~´”, Ï∆F´@” ˙´LÛ~´”∑´´” B„·~´´ƒÊfl Ì¥Ó´tϨʤ~„ ‡ ƒ„ÓW≥„MW©´¯˘.

˙´m¨„Æ˙Ê≈”@”‘∑„, ϨÊtS|Œ∑´ª∑„ ƒ´G˙´vƒ´Ì˘¨„ zÊ§Ê ˆÊ§„·L”∑´´

ƒ´””_t≥´a‘∑„, Õˆ´¸ˆ´‘∑„ ‡ ƒ´G˜˛ ºÊÌ B´ÌƒÊ~´” ‘·˛@”¯˘ ≥´BÊ@” ƒ´G˚´”˛Ú¨„

.ϨÊtS|Œ∑´ª∑„ Ì¥Ó´tƒÊ∑´”ƒ´ ≥ÊyÌ~WÕFW, i°v·ÕFW, F´vz´ßÚ∑´´”, ≥´N◊ „Œ∑´´”, ≥´N◊ ÊŒ ´Z ´

F´‘· „ ∑´´”, V „Xt·∑´ ƒ´G˜˛ Ù˙Êt|∑´´©´”≠ ‡ ƒ´G˜˛ ºÊÌ|m ´ F´ „@”∏B´” ´”.

¥Ó´Ï∆F´t e·ƒ´©´ ~´X°ßˆ„X´” ƒ´¯˘, ƒ´tqÚ˙´x ψÊ≥´∑„Xªßˆ„X´” ƒ´¯˘ ‡ ƒ„ÓW≥„MW©´

ƒ´G≥´‚~W∑„˚W ©´ƒ´”∑„ ∑„˚W (ƒ´G∑´Œ ´z´Œ©´) ƒ´G˚ÊÚ~´m „ ! ∏`≠‘, ∏´ß „X„X ·w.

ˆ„X©„ B´` :ˆ„X©„ B´` :ˆ„X©„ B´` :ˆ„X©„ B´` :ˆ„X©„ B´` : fl©„≠≥W ∏”ˆWfl©„≠≥W ∏”ˆWfl©„≠≥W ∏”ˆWfl©„≠≥W ∏”ˆWfl©„≠≥W ∏”ˆW ©´¯˘©´ ¨Ê_§„∑´´ F´vˆÊ~´ Ïz´x¨´ ^˛ ¨„X˚´d F´I≥´Úˆ´

| ≥´XF´~W ∏”ˆW.| ≥´XF´~W ∏”ˆW.| ≥´XF´~W ∏”ˆW.| ≥´XF´~W ∏”ˆW.| ≥´XF´~W ∏”ˆW. Ù¨„Xm¨´” ≥´m¨´z´Œˆ´~´ sʯ F´I≥´Úˆ´ƒÊfl¨´”¤ Ù¨´~´ ∑Ê˙´v

2.74Ï”· x 3.07 Ï”· ( 9 ^¶ x 10^¶ 2 l Ùm›´” )^´ „@” 252.6 „.e. (557

FEm ´”) ´X ´Ï „. 300 F I¿∑´´ ‡ FI≥´Ú ´ƒ´©´”≠ Ωk<Í~´ ˘ ƒ„”·‘ˆÊ ´ „XÌ~´ „X·

~ÊLt ´ „©Wƒ´~W©´ ˘ F´v ´U≥´§Ê@””Ú. ·ƒI Î|Ú·~´§Ê˘, ƒ´Gƒ´”XÌ” F Ô~ tFI≥´Ú ´, ´~´

≥´”ƒ´G~´” øØØ F´¿”‚ „X ´d F I≥´Ú ´ Ù ´”!

ΧWd qm∑W ˆ„X·§WΧWd qm∑W ˆ„X·§WΧWd qm∑W ˆ„X·§WΧWd qm∑W ˆ„X·§WΧWd qm∑W ˆ„X·§W nm∏ ƒ´”ˆ´y´ ˆ´S¨„

ƒ´””|v˙´ƒÊfl~´”ƒ´ 1 x 1 Ï”¯Ï”·¿~W ∑Ê˙´v¨´

F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ïz´x¨´ ^˙´tm˙´ pˆ´y¨Ê¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´. [v¿`≠©´

≥ÊÛWˆ„˘˚W©´ F„≥„˘@” ∑„˘`≠iF´~W F„v≥W©´ƒ´~´”

Ωk>D~´ ƒ´G›WŒ©´¯˘ Ù¨´~´ ˆ„·ƒ´Ì >D

F´v˛∑´´©´”≠ ƒ´””|vߨ´~´”. Ù¨´~´ BÊ„∑´´©´”≠

ƒ´”∑´”›´Ì” `·ƒ´I ˙„´ ©„@” ≥´Xp@”©´”≠

∏´≥´Ó„·ˆ´”!

©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 25 26 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book