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Transcript of eBook - A Gift Booklet with Karmaveera Kannada Weekly
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´
Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´Ï¨´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´Ï¨´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´Ï¨´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´Ï¨´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´
e - b o o k
ϨÊtS|Œ∑´´ / Õˆ´¸ˆ´~´ ƒ´G˜˛ ≥ʘ˙´t ˆ„°¶
Ó„·¨„v n©W. ƒ´”mL”©ÊS¨´
“Ψ´” Æ ^¨„Xm¨´” ÏÕ∆F´‚ F´vF´m›´. ^¯˘
ˆ´Ï∑´´” Ψ´”∑´©´©´”≠ uÌÏ©´ §„X·ˆ´ˆ„y ˆ´~„¨„X@”t
∏Ì˘~´”; ´ÌN©Ê §„X·ˆ´¨´¯˘ ÏB´‘≥´”ƒ´m˙„ ƒ´G˚´ ∏Ì˘~´”;
ˆÊ¨´m∏‘ˆÊ~´~´” ∏¨´”q©´ F´‘›´@” ƒ´G¶ˆ„X˚´∏Ì˘~´”;
^©„x·∆F´ˆ´~´” ©„ÌÆLÌ∑´´ ¨´”j˙´ ©„x·∆F´fi„, ≥ÊB´≥´∑´´©´”≠
B„·´∏Ì˘~´”; ϺÊÛ`∑´´” F´vˆ´…˛@”¯˘ B´”¨´”fl~´”ƒ´
ƒ„ºÊÛ`ˆ´ ≥´˙´t∑´´©´”≠ ˛ªßˆ„X˚´∏Ì˘~´” ; e·ƒ´©´
›´‘˙„v∑´´” ƒ´”B´`·@”~´” ∏¨´”q©´ ¨´z´Œ©´ ƒ´G¶ˆ„X˚´
∏Ì˘ƒ´I; Ù˛BÊ≥´ˆÊ~´~´” ±flB„X·¨´ J¿©„∑´´©´”≠ F´I©´f
ˆ´]ÿ∑„ ˆ´¿”‚ƒ´m˙„ ∏]ÿ≥´∏Ì˘~´”, ƒ´””m¨Ê∑´∏B´”¨Ê¨´
J¿©„∑´´ Ùw”ˆ´” ©„X·¿ƒ´©´X≠ u¨´fl≥´∏Ì˘~´”;
¨Êz´Œ`ˆ´~´” ∏¨´”q©´ ^S¨´ŒF´«wŒ˙„@” ∏∑„∫ F´vº„Û
˙´m¨´”ˆ„X˚´∏Ì˘¨´”... “
BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W BʧW∏XvˆW ºÊˆW≥´©W
( ( ( ( ( “| ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W| ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W| ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W| ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W| ºÊ@hW ±iFW ‘·¶m∑W“)))))
Ó„·¨„v n©W. ƒ´”mL”©ÊS¨´ , nm.n., (°eº„ nmß, n§Wn§W.[.,)
(Ωc.cÍ.ΩkÍ<) , F´v≥Ê~´ `ƒÊŒB´ˆ´~´”, ±ˆÊz´ƒÊ], p˙´v¨´”∑´Œ
ˆ´…˛∑´´” :
Applied English Course (9th Edn. 14th Impression),English Grammar, English Language Games, A Practical Handbookof Audio-Visual Aids for Teaching of English, Vocabulary, Word Power
≥´Xy§W ˚„‘, ˆ´S¨„ B„·´”ƒ´ ≥´ƒ´”@”, ©Êª©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book, Ïz´x≥´m≥„a, qxeˆW√,
ˆ´~„X·˚WF´˛ qxºW, Ï≥´Z@” (ƒ´”ˆ´y´ ≥ÊB´≥´ ʨ´m∏‘), Ùmfl˘∆FW ¥ÓÊ∆FÊ ±¿∑´´”, ´©´≠˚´
¥ ¥ÓÊ∆FÊ ±¿∑´´”, Ùmfl˘∆FW F´¨´≥´mF´˙´”Ú, z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´, Ùmfl˘∆FW ¥ÓÊ∆FÊ
Ó„X·◊¨´©„∑„Xm¨´” ¨´…ˆWÆz´vƒ´w Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´ ˆ„°¶, Ù˙Êt|.
z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´¯˘ :
Ωk>D ‘m¨´ Ù¯˘@”ƒ´~„∑„ ´ƒ´”Z ©Êt∆F´©´§W Ù`√b‚¿XtMW ±iFW Ùmfl˘∆FW ƒ´”˙´”Ú
zÊm˛`ˆ„·˙´©W Ù`√b‚¿XtMW ±iFW Ùmfl˘∆FW BÊ∑´X Ó„·¨„v F´v˛∆FÊ•©´ (Bedre Founda-tion for Non-Formal Education, Research and Training) ≥´m≥„a∑´´¯˘
≥´”ƒ´G~´” ®øc “Applied English Course” Õ[~´∑´´©´”≠ ©´˚„ߨʤ~„. ˙´ƒ´”Z¨„· ≥´xm˙´
∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@” B„Xm|¨´”¤ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ƒ´”˙´”Ú Ù˙´~„ ±◊¨´”`ˆ´ ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´ ≥EÌ¥Ó´tƒ´©´”≠
B„Xm|~´”ƒ´ q~´” ¥ÓÊ∆FÊ F´v\X·∑´zʧ„ B„Xm|~´”˙ÊÚ~„.
F´I~´≥Êy~´ :
ΩkkÍ ~´¯˘ ¥ÓÊ~´˛·@” LX`@”~W À„m∏~W©´ƒ´~´“Out-standing IndianYouth -1996” ~Ê∆F´Ã F´vz´ßÚ, Ωkkk~´¯˘ @””©„≥„Xy· ≥´m≥„a∑´´” ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥´mJ¿©„∑´´
¥ÓÊ~´˛·@” uˆ´Xy¿¨´ Õˆ´¸w ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥´mz„X·◊¨´©„ @””©„≥„Xy ~Ê∆°Ã·@” F´vz´ßÚ ƒ´”˙´”Ú
LFÊ`©´ ©„X·‘ ÙMʈ´”~´ FÊv\X·e˙´ p©´≠¨´ F´¨´ˆ´ .
ˆ´ƒ´”ŒÏ·~´ ˆ´ƒ´”ŒÏ·~´ ˆ´ƒ´”ŒÏ·~´ ˆ´ƒ´”ŒÏ·~´ ˆ´ƒ´”ŒÏ·~´ ¨´ ˛m∑´´ Ó„X·©´≥W ≥´mpˆ„∑´Êfl qxeˆW√qxeˆW√qxeˆW√qxeˆW√qxeˆW√ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥ÊB´≥´≥ÊB´≥´≥ÊB´≥´≥ÊB´≥´≥ÊB´≥´
qv·˚„∑´´”qv·˚„∑´´”qv·˚„∑´´”qv·˚„∑´´”qv·˚„∑´´” nm∏ q~´” B„X˙´Ú∑„∑´´©´”≠ Ùƒ´~´” ~´pß~´”ƒ´I¨´©´”≠ Ù¯˘ ≥´Z‘≥´∏B´”¨´”.
F´vˆÊz´ˆ´~´ ©´”¶
˜·∑„Xm¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´v≥´m∑´˜·∑„Xm¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´v≥´m∑´˜·∑„Xm¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´v≥´m∑´˜·∑„Xm¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´v≥´m∑´˜·∑„Xm¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´v≥´m∑´
B´§„X· iF„vm˚W√,
F´‘·ˆ„¸∑´„§Ê˘ ƒ´””fl¨´” ©Êƒ´I ~´º„∑Êfl B„X~´˚´”ƒ´ ƒ´””m›„ ©´ƒ´”Z zʧ„ @”¯˘
B´ÌƒÊ~´” ›´¿”ƒ´Uˆ„∑´´©´”≠ ©´˚„ߨ´~´”. ƒ´””_tƒÊfl ~´º„@”¯˘ ©Êƒ´I §„∏v‘∑„ B„·∑„
F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ Ψ´Ó„·ˆ´”, B„X≥´ Ï∆F´@”∑´´©´”≠ ˛„Xy·Ó„·ˆ´” ^©´”≠ƒ´ ∏∑„∫ ©´ƒ´”Z
ˆÊ˘≥W©´¯˘ ©´ƒ´hW ƒ´”mL”Ê ƒ´”mL”Ê ƒ´”mL”Ê ƒ´”mL”Ê ƒ´”mL”Ê Ï”≥W B„·ªˆ„X¿‚~´”.
©´ƒ´”Z¨´” pˆ´y ˙´~´∑´˛. Ï”≥W º„X˙„∑„ ©Êƒ„§Ê˘ ˙´”mÓÊ iF„vm¶˘@Gfl
ƒ´G˙ʶڷÏ. FÊÔ~´ ƒ´G˚´”ƒ´ ≥´ƒ´”@”¨´¯˘ ƒ´G˙´v F´v˛¥ÓÊ Ï”≥W ˙´”mÓÊ ßÈ´”‚.
±ƒ„”·§„ ©´ƒ´”Z§„˘· u∏»~´m˙„ ±¿ ±˚ÊÚ, ±¶≥ÊÚ n∆∆F„X‚m¨´” B„X≥´ B„X≥´ Ï∆F´@”
∑´´©´”≠ B„·ª „X˚ÊÚ~„ ^m „v, ÎBW! `·ƒ´« ©´ƒ´”Z ˆÊ˘ß∑„· ≥„·‘ „Xm ´” [¶Ú·‘, ∆F„‚!
^m¨´BÊ∑„ F´v˛ ∑´”~´”ƒÊ~´ ©´ƒ´”Z¯˘ ≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W
Ù~„X·¨´” `ƒ´”∑„ ∑„X˙´Ú§Ê˘? ‡ ƒÊ~´¨´ ≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W©´¯˘ ˆ´S¨„
B„·„X·ˆ„ @G~´X ߨ´H ±fl~´¯Ì˘. F Ô~´t F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´¯˘~´”ƒ´ um¨´” S „@”©´”≠ Ψ´¯ˆ„y
B„·ª¨´~´” Ï”≥W. ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ n¨´”¤`m˙´” ∏”|Hƒ´m˙´ ƒ´”m˛v ^©„X≠· ˆ´S¨„@”©´”≠
∑´U‚@Gfl Î|¨´. ´” ƒ´”∆F´ ´ u´∑„· S „ ƒ´””fl ´” B„X·@””Ú. ƒ´” „Ú·©ÊZ „X· ´”?
°·‘@”˚W ƒ´””fl@”¯ „y Ù©´X≠ ◊ ´Œ∑´mM„ Ù „ ^§Êx? “©ÊZ „X· ´”?
≥´ƒ´”@” ƒ„·≥W‚ ±∑„X·¨´ˆ„y ©´ƒ´hW F´v˛¥ÓÊ Ï”≥W [˚ÊÚ~Ê? ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ≥´ƒ´”S¨´Œ
Ψ´”˛Ú¨´¤ F´I≥´Úˆ´ƒ´©´”≠ ˙„∑„¨´” ˆ„Xm˚´” ©´ƒ´”∑„§Ê˘ ˆÊw”ƒ´m˙„ ˜¶¨´”, “©„X·¶
ƒ´”ˆ´y„·, ‡ F´I≥´Úˆ´ n∆F„X‚m¨´” ∏wÿ ∏wÿ¨Ê¤fl¨„ ^§Êx? `ƒ´”∑„§Ê˘ Ùm˙´B´
∏wÿ∏wÿ¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ¶¨´”ˆ„Xm˚´” S „ Ψ„X·ˆ„, F´¨´t B„·„X·ˆ„ Ù∆F´‚ Ê©„·?
um¨´” ƒ„·„ Ù¨„· F´I≥´Úˆ´ ˙´©´≠∆F´‚ˆ„y· ˙Ê©„· ˆ´S¨„·©´ `ƒ´”∑„ Î| B„·ª¨„v, F´¨´tƒ´©´≠
∑´U‚@Gfl ÓÊ≈”FÊÔ~´ ƒ´G¶ u°Nߨ„v, B„·fl~´”˙„Ú·? ” ^m˙´ ˆ„·ª¨´~´”.
“^¨„§Ê˘¨´~´X ≥Ê◊¨Êt©Ê Ï”≥W?”“ ˆÊt≥„MW©´¯˘ ´S¨„, F´¨´t∑´´©´”≠ ƒ„X¨´§„· ~„ˆÊ˚WŒ ƒ´G¶ ÙU‚¨´¤~„ ¨´©´”≠
M„·FW ~„ˆÊ˚´Œ~W©´¯˘ BÊq ˆ„·´∏B´”¨´” ^∆F„‚.” “∏B´´ m¨„v Ï·¶\X· M„·FW©´¯˘ ~„ˆÊ˚WŒ ƒ´G¶ ÙU‚¨´¤~„ Ï·¶\X·
ˆÊt≥„MW F„˘·@”~W©´¯˘ BÊq U.Ï.@”¯˘ ©„X·˚´∏B´”¨´”.”“ ^¨´” [¿”‚ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ± ‘·˛ ƒ´G˙Ê˚´”˙„Ú, F´¨´t Ψ´”˙„Ú ^m¨„v
©´mÓ„X·ˆÊ∑´”˙ÊÚ Ï”≥W?”˜·∑„ ˙´~´∑´˛@”¯˘©´ uÓ„X»∏b»~´X um¨„Xm¨´” ˙´~´B´ F´v˛qv\”· ƒ´tˆ´Ú
ƒ´G¶¨´”v. nÌ˘~´ ^¥[FÊv@” ˆ„·ª¨´ ƒ„”·§„ Ï”≥W ©´∑´”˙ÊÚ, “BE¨´”, ±¨´~„ `ƒ´”∑„
± ˙´~´B´¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ߈„v B„·fl~´”˙„Ú·?”“ ˙´”mÓÊ ›„©Ê≠fl~´”˙„Ú, Ï”≥W.”“ FÊÔ~´ ^©„X≠·¨´©´≠ ß©„ƒ´G ˙´~´B´ ©„X·¶ ˆ´¯@”∏B´”¨´”. ˙´”mÓÊ
Ùm¿~„ß‚m∑W ±fl~´”˙„Ú.”“ ≥´xÌN ˙´¶·‘, `ƒ„”ZÌ˘~´ ˆ„@”¯˘@”X ^m˙´B´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ∏~´”ƒ´ |©´
¨´X~´ƒ„·©´X ÙÌ˘.”“BE¨Ê, ^¨´” B„·∑„, Ï”≥W?”“©„X·¶, `·ƒ´I ©´ƒ´”Z §Êm∑„x·ºW §ÊtÓW©´¯˘ ÙU‚~´”ƒ´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W∑´´©´”≠
©„X·¶|¤·‘ ˙Ê©„·? ^¨´©´”≠ ˚„≥WyMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W˚„≥WyMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W˚„≥WyMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W˚„≥WyMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W˚„≥WyMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ^©´”≠˙ÊÚ~„. ^¨´~´¨„·
pˆ´y ~´XF´ƒ´©´”≠ §ÊtFWMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W§ÊtFWMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W§ÊtFWMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W§ÊtFWMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W§ÊtFWMÊFW ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ^m˙Ê~„. ^¨´” `ƒ´”Z F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´
±ˆÊ~ ∆F´”‚ pˆ´y¨Ê¨´¯˘ ¨´©´”≠ ©„X·MW ∏”ˆW ´mF´«t¿~W©„X·MW ∏”ˆW ´mF´«t¿~W©„X·MW ∏”ˆW ´mF´«t¿~W©„X·MW ∏”ˆW ´mF´«t¿~W©„X·MW ∏”ˆW ´mF´«t¿~W m˙Ê~„. ¨´” Ù©´X≠
pˆ´y ∑Ê˙´vˆ„y Ùª¨´”, m∑„@”¯˘ ¶≥´”ƒ ∆F´”‚, m¨´~„ um¨´” „X˚´d ÊtÌ”ˆ´”t§„·¿~W
∑Ê˙´v¨Ê¤¨´~„, ^¨´©´”≠ Fʃ´hWMÊFW ˆ ´mF´«t¿~WFʃ´hWMÊFW ˆ ´mF´«t¿~WFʃ´hWMÊFW ˆ ´mF´«t¿~WFʃ´hWMÊFW ˆ ´mF´«t¿~WFʃ´hWMÊFW ˆ ´mF´«t¿~W ^m˙Ê~„. ˜·∑„
ˆ´mF´«t¿~W∑´´¯˘ Ó„·~„ Ó„·~„ Ï◊¨´∑´ªƒ„.”“^¨„v Ï”≥W, ^¨„· ƒ´G˙Ê˚„X· F´I≥´Úˆ´ ^m¨´v§Ê˘ ^¨´”?”
“ ˙´¶·‘ B„·ªÚ·`. ‡ Fʃ´hW MÊFW
ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ^S¨´ƒÊ ©„X·MW ∏”ˆW ∑Ê˙´v¨´
Ù§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ‘·˚´~W ©´”≠ƒ´ um¨´” VF´ˆ´~´w Ù¨„.
^¨´©´”≠ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ (ÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆW)
(e-book) m˙´ ´‘·˙Ê~„. ©´ƒ´”Z F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ‡
ÙÆ∏”ˆW ~´XF´¨´¯˘ ≥´mˆ´¯ß ˆ„XMÊ‚∑´ ± um¨´”
VF´ˆ´~´w¨´¯˘ `ƒ´”Z F´Ô~´tF´I≥´Úˆ´¨´m˙´B´ ≥´”ƒ´G~´”
Øcc F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©„≠· ˙´”m∏∏B´”¨´”. `ƒ´”Z
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 01 02 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book
F´Ô~´tF´I≥´Úˆ´∑´„§Ê˘ ± F´I¿‚ VF´ˆ´~´w¨´¯˘ ˜¶≥´”ƒ´I¨´‘m¨´ `·ƒ´I ˜·∑„ ¥ÓÊ~´ƒÊ¨´
p·Ìƒ´©´”≠ B„X˙´”Ú ∏~´”ƒ´ F´vƒ„”·@”ƒ„· Ù~„X·Ì˘, ^§Êx?”“∏‘· ÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆW ˜¶¨´” ≥„‚b§Êfl ˆÊ˘ß∑„ ∏~´∏B´”¨´” ^§Ê˘ Ï”≥W?”“±@”ÚFÊN ≥„‚b§Wqm∑W, ^¨´©„≠· ˜˚´ˆ„Xm˚´” ˆÊ˘ß∑„ ∏‘Ú·@”m˙„. ^¨´~´
Ó„§„ ≥´¨´t ƒ´˙´”Ú ≥ÊÏ~´ ~´XFÊ≈”∑´X ºÊßÚ. ‡ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ ∏´ˆ„ ºÊßÚ ±¨´ BÊ∑„§Ê˘
ƒ´””m¨„ ˆ´¶ƒ„” Ó„§„∑´X ß∑´∏B´”¨´”. ±∑´ `·ƒ´I nÌ˘~´X ^¨´©´”≠ ˙´~´∏B´”¨´”.”“Ï”≥W, ^¨´” B„·∑„ ˆ„Ì≥´ ƒ´G˚´”˙„Ú?”
“ ^¨´” F´I¿‚ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ˙´~´B´ƒ„· ˆ„Ì≥´ ƒ´G˚´”˙„Ú. ^¨´~´¯˘ um¨´”
ƒ´G`¿~W Ù¨´”¤ F´I¿∑´´©´”≠ „~„@”¯ˆ„y, ƒ„”·§„ Æ „´∑„ ≥´‘≥´¯ˆ„y n~´˚´” ∏¿©W∑´´”
Ù~´”˙´Úƒ„. ^¨´~´¯˘©´ F´~´¨„@” ƒ„”·§„ ^ˆ´¸~´∑´´”, p˙´v∑´´” ƒ´”X¶ ∏~´”˙´Úƒ„.
^ƒ´I∑´´©´”≠ ©Êƒ´I Ψ´∏B´”¨´”. ¨„X˚´d ¨„X˚´d ^ˆ´¸~´∑´´”, ˆ´]ÿ∑„ z´vƒ´” ±∑´¨´
‘·˛@”¯˘ B´ß~´” ∏wÿ¨´ ©„≠§„ Ù~´”˙„Ú. ƒ´””m¨„ ¨´ˆ„y ßN·ˆ´~W º„X·¶≥´”ƒ´ ƒ´tƒ´≥„a
Ù~´”˙´Úm˙„. ±∑´ Ù@”~W F„π·©W /ßN·ˆ´~W∑´´ ≥´BÊ@” |m¨´ ©Êƒ´I ± F´I≥´Úˆ´ƒ„· Î|
B„·´”ƒ´ FÊÔ~´ƒ´©´”≠, F´¨´tƒ´©´”≠ „·´∏B´”¨´”. B„p–©´ σ´~´fi„ Ó„·q¨´¤~„ ¨´~„X´∑„·
^´ƒ´¶≥´§Ê∑´”ƒ´ Ïz´xˆ„X·z´, ƒ´G˜˛ „X·z´∑´´ ≥´BÊ@” F´˚„@”∏B´”¨´”. uU‚©´¯˘
Ù¶· Ïz´xˆ„X·z´ƒ„· `ƒ´”Z ˆ„©´¯˘ Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„. ƒ„XÓ„§W F„π·`©´ ˙´~´B´ º„·[©´¯˘¿”‚
ˆ„Xm˚´” Î˚Ê˚´”ƒ´m˙´B´ F´I¿‚ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” ∏~´”˛Úƒ„.”“^¨´~´ um¨´” ƒ´G¨´‘ “©Ê¨´~´X `ƒ´”Z B´˛Ú~´ Ù¨„@G, Ï”≥W?”“^¨´©´”≠ ©Ê©´” ˆ„Xm˚´”ˆ„X„X ·ˆ„ ±∑´¨´∆F´”‚ ¨´”ÓÊ‘ ‡∑´. ±¨´~„ ^¨´~´¯˘
^´ƒ´¶ß Ψ´”ƒ´ ÙÆ∏”ˆW ∑´´©´”≠ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ∏∑„∫ ƒ´G˜˛ u¨´fl≥´”ƒ´ ƒ´G≥´
F´˛vˆ„∑´Ê¨´ ¶eMW¶eMW¶eMW¶eMW¶eMW (˜m|©´ pFWpFWpFWpFWpFW), ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ¿”˚„·, °.ß.ˆ„x≥Wˆ´mF´«t¿~W ¿”˚„·, °.ß.ˆ„x≥Wˆ´mF´«t¿~W ¿”˚„·, °.ß.ˆ„x≥Wˆ´mF´«t¿~W ¿”˚„·, °.ß.ˆ„x≥Wˆ´mF´«t¿~W ¿”˚„·, °.ß.ˆ„x≥W‚
ƒ„X¨´§Ê¨´ƒ´I∑´´ º„X˙„ Vp˙´ƒÊfl `·˚´§Ê∑´”ƒ´ ˆÊmFÊtˆW‚ ¶≥Wy (ß.¶.)∑´´¯˘
F´v˛ m∑´´X ·˚´”˛Ú¨Ê¤~„. ·ƒ´I ƒ´I∑´´©´”≠ ´mF´«t¿~W©´¯˘ „~„¨´” Ψ´∏B´”¨´”.
º„X˙„∑„ qv\”·UƒW M„ˆW‚ √ ß≥„‚mMW nm∏ um¨´”
F„«v·∑Êvbtm ≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ ^ƒ´I∑´´©´”≠
Ψ´”ƒ´m˙„@”X ƒ´G˚´∏B´”¨´”. BÊ∑„\”· nm.
n≥W. MʈWÙMW ≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ÌX Î|≥´∏B´”¨´”.
©Êƒ´I ≥´”ƒ´”Z©„· ˆ´X˙´”, ±¯ß ˛ª@”∏B´”¨´”.”“Ó„·~„ ˆ´˚„ n¯˘ ß∑´”˙„Ú, Ï”≥W?”“ Ù˛Ú·p©´ B„X≥´ ≥´mz„X·◊¨´©„∑´´
iF´ÌƒÊfl ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· Æ ±¶\X·ˆ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· Æ ±¶\X·ˆ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· Æ ±¶\X·ˆ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· Æ ±¶\X·ˆ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· Æ ±¶\X·
Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´ ≥´ƒ´”F´Œˆ´
um¨´”∑´X˚´”ψ„≈”m¨´ B„X≥´¨Ê¨´ ∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ï◊¨Ê©´ ( Multi- Media )∏´ˆ„∑„ ∏m|¨„. ƒ´”¯‚Ï”·¶@G º„X˙„∑„ Ïz´x¨´ B´Ìƒ´I ≥´mF´ˆ´ŒºÊÌ∑´´” º„X˙„∑´X¶
Ùm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MW (INTERNET) Ïz´xƒÊt° ºÊÌ B´~´¶¨„. Ïz´x¨´ @Gƒ´I¨„·
ˆ´mF´«t¿‘·ˆ´…˙´ ∑´vmS ÊÌ@”¨´ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠, ∑´vmS ´∑´´ F´v˛∑´´©´”≠ ´mF´«t¿~W©´¯˘
ƒ´”X¶ßˆ„X´ Ì” Ù¨´‘m¨´ ≥´BÊ@”ƒÊ∑´”˙´Ú¨„. Ù¨´ˆÊyfl\”· ˆ„̃´I ^m∑´¶∑´´X
˙„~„@”ÌNU‚ƒ„. ^ƒ´I∑´´©´”≠ ≥´mF´qŒß¨´¯˘ `ƒ´”∑„ B„p–©´ ƒ´G˜˛ ß∑´”˙´Ú¨„. Ù¯˘
©„X·¶ ‡ p˙´v¨´¯˘ ÙÆ∏”ˆW Ù¨„. BÊ∑„\”· Ùƒ´I ÏÊ≥´∑´´” ” ^m˙´ B„·ª Ï”≥W
ÙÆ∏”ˆW ÙÆ∏”ˆW ÙÆ∏”ˆW ÙÆ∏”ˆW ÙÆ∏”ˆW ©´ p˙´v BÊ∑´X ÏÊ≥´¨´ F´U‚ ˙„X·‘ߨ´~´”.
“ Ùƒ´I∑´´¯˘ ˆ„̃´©´”≠ ©´ƒ´”Z §ÊtÓW©´¯˘~„X· ˆ´mF´«t¿~W©´¯˘ BÊq
˙„X·‘≥„Ú·©„. ƒ´””m|©´ ƒÊ~´¨´ ≥„X‚·‘ M„¯˘m∑W °·‘@”˚W©´¯˘ ©Êƒ´I §ÊtÓW©´¯˘
≥„·~„X·w ±@”Ú. ©Êƒ´« `·ƒ´« n§Ê˘ ‡ ˙´~´B´¨´ ÙÆ∏”ˆW, ©„X·MW∏”ˆW
ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ˜¶¨´”ˆ„Xm˚´” zʧ„∑„ ∏~´”ƒ´m˙„ ±∑´”ƒ´ |©´ @Gƒ´˙´”Ú ∏~´”˙„XÚ· ! ”“Ï”≥W, ƒ´” „Ú “°v§W ˛m∑´ª©´ ø® ©„· ˙Ê‘·_©´”≠ Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ^m ´
@G „ ±›´‘≥ÊÚ~„ B„·ªÚ·~Ê?”“ Î, ^¨Ê, F´v˛ƒ´∆F´Œ “°v§W ø® ©´”≠ Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ƒ´”˙´”ÚÏz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ƒ´”˙´”ÚÏz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ƒ´”˙´”ÚÏz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ƒ´”˙´”ÚÏz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú
∑´vmS¨´≥Êxƒ´”t |©´ ∑´vmS¨´≥Êxƒ´”t |©´ ∑´vmS¨´≥Êxƒ´”t |©´ ∑´vmS¨´≥Êxƒ´”t |©´ ∑´vmS¨´≥Êxƒ´”t |©´ ±›´‘≥´§Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„. ≥„N·©W ¨„·z´¨´ ˆ„¿§„X·`@G¨´¯˘
F´v˛ƒ´∆F´Œ “°v§W ø® ~´m¨´” ≥„·mMW ºÊºWŒ~´ F´Iwt|©´ƒ´©´”≠ ±›´‘≥´§Ê∑´” Ú¨´”¤
^ƒ´˙´”Ú ^¯˘ ƒ´G~Ê¿ƒ´G˚´§Ê∑´”ƒ´ F´v˛F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ º„X˙„∑„ um¨„Xm¨´”
∑´”§Ê[@”©´”≠ „X˚´”ƒ´ F´‘FÊÔ~´ Ù¨„@”m˙„. “°v§W ø® ~´m¨´” F´vsÊt˙´ ©Ê¿ˆ´ˆÊ~´
ϯ@”m z „·ˆW√°@”~Wϯ@”m z „·ˆW√°@”~Wϯ@”m z „·ˆW√°@”~Wϯ@”m z „·ˆW√°@”~Wϯ@”m z „·ˆW√°@”~W, ˆÊ¨´m∏‘ˆÊ~´ Ï”∑´” t§W ˚ ´ ≥ ´ƒÊŒm˙ „Ï”∑ ´” t§W ˚ ´ ≥ ´ƒÊŒm˙ „Ï”∑ ´” t§W ˚ ´ ≥ ´ƒÊŒm˙ „Ï”∑ ´” t§W ˚ ´ ≥ ´ƒÊŒm˙ „Ï”∑ ´” t§W ˚ ´ ≥ ´ƒÊŒm˙ „
ƒ„X¨´§Ê¨´ƒ´~´” „ƒÊ◊|·©´~ʨ´¨´”¤. ±¨´¤‘m¨´ ƒ´~„Ì˘~´ ©„©´°∑Êfl ‡ |©´ƒ´©´”≠
Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´Ïz´x F´I≥´Úˆ´ |©´ ^m˙´ ±›´‘≥´Ì” @””©„≥„Xy ≥´m≥„a @””©„≥„Xy ≥´m≥„a @””©„≥„Xy ≥´m≥„a @””©„≥„Xy ≥´m≥„a @””©„≥„Xy ≥´m≥„a ˆ´~„ `·¶˙´”Ú. ^¨„·
F´vˆÊ~´ Ïz´x¨´ n§Ê˘ ¨„·z´∑´´¯˘ ^m¨´” ‡ |©´ƒ´©´”≠ Ïz„·∆F´ ‘·˛@”¯˘
±›´‘≥´§Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„. ^m¨´” ˆ„X©„@” F´ˆ´¸ nÌ˘~´X
um¨„Xm¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ƒ´©´”≠ „X´” ƒ´I¨´”, Ψ´”ƒ´I¨´”,
Î|¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ˆ´”‘˙´” ›´pŒ≥´”ƒ´I¨´”,
F´‘›´@” ƒ´G¶ˆ„X˚´”ƒ´I¨´”, ˜·∑„ um¨´§Ê˘
um¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ˆ„y ≥´m∏m◊|ߨ´ ›´¿”ƒ´Uˆ„
©´˚„≥´”˙ÊÚ~„. F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” ‡∑´ ^m∑´¶∑´´¯˘
ƒ´G˙´vƒ´Ì˘ Ùm¿~W©„MW©´¯˘ ˆ´X˚Ê ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„.
Ïz´x¨´ F´vƒ´””_ §„∏v‘∑´´©´”≠ Ù§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 03 04 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book
§„∏v‘∑´Êfl ∏¨´§Ê≈”≥´”˙´Ú Ù~´”ƒ´I¨´‘m¨´ ©Êƒ´I Ù¯˘ ˆ´”ª˙´”ˆ„Xm˚„· ± n§Ê˘
§„∏v‘∑´´©´”≠ ≥´mF´qŒß ƒ´G˜˛ F´˚„@”∏B´”¨´”, ∑„X˙ÊÚ@GÚ? Ùƒ´˙´”Ú Ù∆F´”‚
≥ʈ´”. ƒ´”˙„Ú ƒ´””m¨„ nm¨Ê¨´~´X Ù¨´~´ ∏∑„∫ B„›´”– ›´›„Œ ƒ´G˚„X·w, Ó„”“ S¨Êtmˆ´Xt , Ï”≥W.”^ÓÊ»! n∆F„X‚m¨´” ÏÊ≥´∑´´”. “©„§Ê˘ B„X≥´ Ï∆F´@”∑´´”! ©Êƒ´I B„›´”–
B„›´”– Ψ´”˙ÊÚ B„X·¨´m˙„ ©Êƒ´I ˛ª¨´”ˆ„Xm¶~´”ƒ´I¨´” n∆F„X‚m¨´” ˆ´¶ƒ„” ^©´”√˙„Ú
^§Êx? ©Ê©´m˙´X ©´ƒ´”Z ƒ´”©„·¯~´”ƒ´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ©´¯˘ Ùƒ„§Ê˘ Ù~´”˙„Ú ^m˙´
˛„Xym˚„· Ù‘˘Ì˘. ©´ƒ´hW F´F´IN B„·∑´X F´v˛ m∑´´X ¶eMW ß.¶. ´~ÊÚ©„· Ù~ÊÚ~„.
^¨´©„≠§Ê˘ uƒ„”Z BÊq ©„X·˚„· [¶Ú·`. Ùm¿~W©„MW ≥´mF´ˆ´Œƒ´« Ù¨„. ©´ƒ´”Z
©´ƒ´”Z F„«·≥W‚ ÏÊ≥´∑´´ ‘·˛@”¯˘ ©´ƒ´”∑„ Ùm¿~W©„MW ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ|m¨´ Ùƃ„”·§W
^m¨´~„ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ m›„ ÏÊ≥´ Ù¨„. ©´ƒ´”∑„ F„«·≥W‚ƒ´”©W F´˙´v „X˚„X·‘·˛@”¯˘
ˆ´mF´«t¿~W©´¯˘ ©´ƒ´”∑„ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ ^m›„ ˆ´X˚´ ∏~´”˙„Ú. ^m¨´BÊ∑„ ©´©´∑´X um¨´”
Ùƃ„”·§W ÏÊ≥´ Ù¨„. ©´ƒ´hW F´F´IN¨´”, ^ƒ´”Zm¨´”, ˙´ƒ´”Zm¨´”, nÌ˘~´¨´X¤
Ùƃ„”·§WÙƃ„”·§WÙƃ„”·§WÙƃ„”·§WÙƃ„”·§W ÏÊ≥´ Ùƒ„. ©Êƒ„§Ê˘ ‡∑´ ßUL©W√ ßUL©W√ ßUL©W√ ßUL©W√ ßUL©W√ ±iFW Ùm¶@G Ù¨´¤ BÊ∑„·©„·
Ïz´xƒÊt° ºĘ̂´¯˘ ©„UL©W©„UL©W©„UL©W©„UL©W©„UL©W ˆ´X˚´ ±fl¨„¤·ƒ„. `·ƒ´« ≥„·‘Ú·‘ ˙Ê©„· ©´ƒ´”Z
ºỄ´©´≠? `·ƒ´I Ùm˙´B´ @Gƒ´I¨Ê¨´~´X ÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆW ©„X·¶¨´¤~„ ©´ƒ´”∑„ @Gˆ„
∏~„¨´” ˛ª≥´ÓÊ~´¨´”? ∏‘·˛·‘ ˙Ê©„·?
˜·∑„·©„· B„X≥´¨Ê¨´ um¨´” n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F„©W ¶ˆ´¸©´‘@”¯˘ ƒ´”∑„ Ó„·ˆÊ¨´
@Gƒ´I¨„· F´¨´¨´ ^S¨´Œƒ´©´X≠ `·ƒ´I ˛ª@”∏B´”¨´”. ^¨´~´ ∏∑„∫ ƒ´”˙„XÚƒ„”Z
B„·„Ú·©„, ±@GÚ?
ƒ´”˙„Ú ¥Ó„·U@G∑„Ú·©„, Ó„.
`ƒ´”Z °v·˛@”
≥´”ƒ´”m˙´≥´”ƒ´”m˙´≥´”ƒ´”m˙´≥´”ƒ´”m˙´≥´”ƒ´”m˙´
“`¨´” Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ?“`¨´” Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ?“`¨´” Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ?“`¨´” Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ?“`¨´” Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ?
©´ƒ´”∑„§Ê˘ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” p~´F´‘p˙´. ˆ´S¨„, ˆ´ƒ´©´, F´v∏m◊¨´, ©Ê¿ˆ´, σ´”z„Œ,
ˆÊ¨´m∏‘, e·ƒ´©´›´‘˙„v, ±˙´Z›´‘˙„v, Ïz´xˆ„X·z´, ƒ´G˜˛ˆ„X·z´∑´´”,
F´¨´ˆ„X·z´∑´´”,Ïz„·∆F´ Ï∆F´@” Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´´”, F´Ô~´tF´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´”,≥ʘ˙´t ˆ´…˛∑´´”,
ƒÊtˆ´~´w ˆ„°¶∑´´”, q~´”B„X˙´Ú∑„ ∑´´” ©´ƒ´”Z Y‘©´ ÙÌ˘ƒ„· zʧ„@”
∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”∑´´¯˘ ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„. ^©„·ˆ´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ F„v·Ï”∑´´” ˙´ƒ´”Z ƒ´”©„@”¯˘@”X
um¨„Xm¨´” F´I¿‚ ∑´…B´∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@” F„«·∆°ßˆ„Xm˚´” ∏~´”˛Ú¨Ê¤~„.
ˆ´`∆F´‚ Øc F´I¿∑´´, ƒ´””_F´I¿ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ˆ„X©„@” ~´ˆÊ¸F´I¿ ∑´´ ©´˚´”ƒ„
BÊ„∑´´©´”≠ Ù‘ß ∏¨´H∑„Xª≥´§Ê¨´, ƒ´””|v˙´ ≥ʃ´”flv @”©´”≠ F´I≥´Úˆ´ nm¨´”
ˆ´~„@”§Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„. Ù¨´qym˙´ pˆ´yƒ´I∑´´©´”≠ q~´” B„X˙´Ú∑„∑´´” n©´”≠˙ÊÚ~„. ∏…B´˙W
B„X˙´Ú∑„∑´Ê¨´ Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´´”, F´¨´ˆ„X·z´∑´´”, ƒ´”BÊ ˆÊ¨´m∏‘∑´ªm¨´ ˜¶¨´”
q≥„@”¯˘ Ó„›´–∑„ ´X~´”ƒ´ Fʈ„MW F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´ƒ´~„∑„ ÏÏ◊¨´ ∑Ê˙´v, ∏wÿ∑´´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´”
n§„˘˚„ ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„. ‡∑´ÌX ˆ´X˚´ F´v˛ƒÊ~´ F´˛vˆ„∑´´” ƒ´”˙´”Ú `@”˙´ ˆÊ¯ˆ„∑´´
≥ʨ´~´ ßx·ˆÊ~´ Ï¥ÓÊ∑´∑´´¯˘ ƒ´”˙´”Ú F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´‘›´@” ^mˆ´w∑´´¯˘ ©´X~Ê~´”
F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´ F´vˆ´¿fi„@” ˆ´”‘˙´” ƒ´G˜˛ Ì¥Ó´tƒÊ∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´I¨´©´”≠ ©„X·¶¨Ê∑´ F´I≥´Úˆ´
F´vˆ´¿fi„@”X ˆ´X˚´ um¨´” ∏…B´˙W V¨´tƒ´”ƒÊfl Ó„„|¨„ n`≥´|~´¨´”.
ˆ´¯˘©´ ƒ„”·§„, ƒ´”]ÿ©´ B„m›´”∑´´ ƒ„”·§„, ›´ƒ´”Œ¨´ BÊ„∑´´ ƒ„”·§„,
º„Xm¶©´BÊ„ (F„°~´≥W)∑´´ ƒ„”·§„ ±~´m¥Ó´ƒÊ¨´ ∏~´B´¨´ Ê_¯·ˆ´~´w §„X·B´¨´
BÊ„∑´´ ƒ„”·§„ ƒ´”X¶ ©´m˙´~´ ˆÊ∑´¨´¨´ BÊ„∑´ª∑„ ƒ´∑ÊŒƒ´fi„@G∑´”ƒ´ B„X˛Ú∑„
≥´B´≥´vƒ´G©´∑´„· ˆ´„¨´” B„X·fl¨´¤ƒ´I. ˆ´Ì˘p–`m¨´ ˜¶¨´” ^˙Êt◊¨´”`ˆ´ ¶.U.°.
ƒ´”˙´”Ú n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ƒ´””¨´vw∑´´ƒ´~„∑„ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ ∑ÊS¨„ ˙´”mÓÊ ¨„X˚´d¨´”.
‡fl©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´, F´˛vˆ„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú `@”˙´ˆÊ¯ˆ„∑´ª∑„ Ó„·ˆÊ∑´”ƒ´ ˆÊ∑´¨´¨´
˙´@G‘ˆ„∑Êfl ̈ʸm˙´~´ B„ˆ„‚·~W ˆÊ˚´”
©Êz´ƒÊ∑´”˛Ú¨„. ©´ƒ´”Z¯˘ V˙ÊN¨´©„ @G∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´
ˆÊ∑´¨´ ≥Ę̂„· B„X~´¨„·z´ ∑´ªm¨´ÌX ±ƒ´”¨´”
ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ §Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„. ˆ„̃„«m¨´” ¨„·z´∑´´¯˘
ˆÊ∑´¨´ƒ´©´”≠ ƒ´”~´” ≥´m≥´y~´w (‘ ≥„q˘m∑W) ƒ´G¶
∏´≥´”˛Ú¨Ê¤~„. ©´ƒ´”Z¯˘ ± F´v@”˙´≠ ^§„X˘m¨´”
Ù§„X˘m¨´” ©´˚„@””˛Ú¨„.
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 05 06 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book
z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˆÊvm˛z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˆÊvm˛z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˆÊvm˛z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˆÊvm˛z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˆÊvm˛
‡ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” ∏~´”ƒ´ ƒ´””m›„@”X Õˆ´¸w ©´˚„@””˛Ú˙´”Ú. F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” Õˆ´¸w
ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´¯˘ um¨´” ∏…B´˙W ˆÊvm˛@”©„≠· Vm¿” ƒ´G¶¨´ƒ´I. ˆÊvm˛ nm¨Êˆ´¸w
©´ƒ´”∑„ iFÊv`√©´ ƒ´”BʈÊvm˛, ~´ ∆FÊt¨´ ˆÊvm˛ iFÊv`√©´ ƒ´”BʈÊvm˛, ~´ ∆FÊt¨´ ˆÊvm˛ iFÊv`√©´ ƒ´”BʈÊvm˛, ~´ ∆FÊt¨´ ˆÊvm˛ iFÊv`√©´ ƒ´”BʈÊvm˛, ~´ ∆FÊt¨´ ˆÊvm˛ iFÊv`√©´ ƒ´”BʈÊvm˛, ~´ ∆FÊt¨´ ˆÊvm˛ ƒ´””m˙ʨ´ ~ÊLq·@”
ßa˙´tm˙´~´∑´´” S¨´¿‚©„ ©„©´°∑„ ∏~´”˙´Úƒ„ ^S¨´ƒÊ B´ß~´” ˆÊvm˛, q¸·~´ ˆÊvm˛,B´ß~´” ˆÊvm˛, q¸·~´ ˆÊvm˛,B´ß~´” ˆÊvm˛, q¸·~´ ˆÊvm˛,B´ß~´” ˆÊvm˛, q¸·~´ ˆÊvm˛,B´ß~´” ˆÊvm˛, q¸·~´ ˆÊvm˛,
ƒ´””m˙ʨ´ ˆ´…∆° ˆÊvm˛∑´´” ©„©´°∑„ ∏~´∏B´”¨´”. Õˆ´¸w ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´¯˘ ˆ´X˚´ Ùm˙´B´
©ÊÌ”y ˆÊvm˛∑´´” L~´”flƒ„. ∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” ˆ´¯ˆ„@” ‡ |©´ ∑´´¯˘ ¨´©„·
ˆÊvm˛@”X ≥´`≠˜˙´ƒ„·! ƒ„X¨´Ì” Ù¨´¤ INFORMATION - EDUCATION -ENTERTAINMENT nm∏ F´‘ˆ´ÌN©„ ∏¨´§Êfl INFORMATION + ENTER-TAINMENT = INFOTAINMENT, EDUCATION + ENTERTAINMENT= EDUTAINMENT nm∏ F´‘ˆ´ÌN©„ F´v∏̃Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„. ≥´m˙´≥´ˆ´¯ˆ„ Ù¨´‘m¨´
≥Ê◊¨´tƒÊ∑´”˛Ú¨„. Ù¨´” ~„ƒ´ÌXt∆F´©W ~„ƒ´ÌXt∆F´©W ~„ƒ´ÌXt∆F´©W ~„ƒ´ÌXt∆F´©W ~„ƒ´ÌXt∆F´©W ^Ì˘, nƒ´ÌXt∆F´©Wnƒ´ÌXt∆F´©Wnƒ´ÌXt∆F´©Wnƒ´ÌXt∆F´©Wnƒ´ÌXt∆F´©W.
ƒ„X¨´Ì©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì©„· ˆÊvm˛ : îî ƒ´”ˆ´yª≥´Xy§W ƒ´”©„·Ì§„x· nm∏ ƒ´G˛©´m˙„
±~´m¥Ó´¨´¯˘ ˆ´¯ˆ„ ƒ´”©„@”¯˘\”· ©´˚„@””˛Ú˙´”Ú. L©´≥´ms„t@” ≥„XN·¿ ƒ´”˙´”Ú
ºÊÛ©´ ≥„XN·¿|m¨Êfl ´¯@””ƒ´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ´¯≥´”ƒ´ F´vqv\” ƒ´”©„@”¯˘ ≥Ê◊ ´tÏÌ˘ƒÊfl
ƒ´”∑´”Ï∑„ ˆ´¯≥´”ƒ´ LƒÊÓʤ‘ ƒ´”©„≈”m¨´ zʧ „zʧ „zʧ „zʧ „zʧ „ nm∏ ˆ´¯ˆÊ ≥´a´ˆ„y
ƒ´∑ÊŒƒ´fi„@G¨Ê∑´ Õˆ´¸w ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´ ƒ„X¨´Ì ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì ˆÊvm˛ƒ„X¨´Ì ˆÊvm˛ JUß˙´”.
n~´˚´©„· ˆÊvm˛n~´˚´©„· ˆÊvm˛n~´˚´©„· ˆÊvm˛n~´˚´©„· ˆÊvm˛n~´˚´©„· ˆÊvm˛ : zʧ„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ƒ´”©„∑´´¯˘ „·ƒ´Ì ƒ´hEoˆ´ƒÊfl m¨´~„
ÓÊ≈”FÊÔ~´¨´ ƒ´”Ẍ´ ©´˚„@””˛Ú¨´¤ ˆ´¯ˆ„@” º„X˙„∑„ ì ∏~´B î∏~´B î∏~´B î∏~´B î∏~´B î (¯o˙´ ~´XF´)
∏´ˆ„∑„ ∏m¨Ê∑´ Ùƒ„~´˚´©´X≠ uMÊ‚fl ∏´≥´”ƒ´I¨´” ≥´Xˆ´Úƒ„m¨´” ˆ´¯ˆ„@”¯˘ Ùƒ´I
n~´˚´©´X≠ ≥´ƒ´”©´x@” ƒ´G¶ˆ„Xm˚´” ´¯≥´§Ê~´m¥[ߨÊ∑´ n~´˚´©„· Êvm˛n~´˚´©„· Êvm˛n~´˚´©„· Êvm˛n~´˚´©„· Êvm˛n~´˚´©„· Êvm˛ JUß˙´”.
ƒ´”X~´©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ´”X~´©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ´”X~´©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ´”X~´©„· ˆÊvm˛ƒ´”X~´©„· ˆÊvm˛ : ƒ´hEoˆ´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ∏~´B´∑´´ º„X˙„∑„ ƒ´””¨´vw ˆ´§„@”
±Ï∆ ∆FÊy~´¨„Xm|∑„ , F´ Ô~´t F´I≥´Úˆ´, F´I≥´Úˆ´,
F´˛vˆ„∑´´”, `@”˙´ˆÊ¯ˆ„∑´´” ƒ´””|v˙´ ƒÊfl
Ó„X·◊¨´©„∑„ ∏´≥´ÌNMÊ‚∑´ ƒ ´”X~´© „· ˆÊvm˛ ƒ´”X~´© „· ˆÊvm˛ ƒ´”X~´© „· ˆÊvm˛ ƒ´”X~´© „· ˆÊvm˛ ƒ´”X~´© „· ˆÊvm˛
JUß˙´”.
©ÊÌy© „· ˆÊvm˛©ÊÌy© „· ˆÊvm˛©ÊÌy© „· ˆÊvm˛©ÊÌy© „· ˆÊvm˛©ÊÌy© „· ˆÊvm˛ : Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´
ˆÊvm˛≈”m¨Êfl ≥´ƒ´”XB´ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ
ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´Ê¨´ ~„·¶\X·, ¨´X~´¨´z´Œ©´,
Ï·¶\X·, ˆ´mF´«t¿~W Ù˙Êt|∑´´” Ó„X·◊¨´©Ê
ˆ„¸·˙´v F´vƒ„·ÕߨÊ∑´ ì ©ÊÌy©„· ˆÊvm˛î JUß˙´”. ‡ ±◊¨´”`ˆ´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´
VF´ˆ´~´w∑´´©´”≠ @”z´ßx@Gfl ∏´ß¨Ê∑´ Ó„X·◊¨´©„ ≥´…L©Ê˙´Zˆ´ ƒÊfl~´”˙´Ú¨„
nm∏”¨´” Õˆ´¸w ˙´LÛ~´ ^¥[FÊv@”. ∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ó„X·◊¨´©Ê Ï◊¨Ê©´∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ó„X·◊¨´©Ê Ï◊¨Ê©´∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ó„X·◊¨´©Ê Ï◊¨Ê©´∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ó„X·◊¨´©Ê Ï◊¨Ê©´∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ó„X·◊¨´©Ê Ï◊¨Ê©´ B„X≥´
z´˙´ƒ´G©´¨´ Õˆ´¸w Ï◊¨Ê©´ƒÊ∑´¯¨„.
¨´©„· Êvm˛¨´©„· Êvm˛¨´©„· Êvm˛¨´©„· Êvm˛¨´©„· Êvm˛ : Ù¨´”ƒ´~„∑„ JUß~´”ƒ´ ©ÊÌ”y Êvm˛∑´´©´X≠ ∏|∑„X˛Ú,
B„X≥´¨Ê¨´, Ù¨´”ƒ´~„∑„ „·ƒ´Ì YB„∑ ∆F„‚· ë `Ì”ˆ´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´, ƒ„ºÊÛ`ˆ´ ±Ï∆FÊy~´∑´´
Ó„©´”≠B´˛Ú, ƒ´””m¨„ „̃„· ƒ´∆F´Œ∑´´¯˘ ≥ʈʸ˙Êy~´ƒÊ∑´¯~´”ƒ´ Êvm˛ Ù¨´”. Ù¨´~´
‘·˛ ‘ƒÊL”∑´´” B„·fl~´”˙´Úƒ„ n©´”≠ƒ´I¨´” ˆ´ÌN©„∑„ [U‚~´”ƒ´ Ï›Ê~´. Ù¨´ˆ„y
¨´…‹˚´ƒÊ¨´ @Gƒ´I¨„· ±◊¨Ê~´ƒ´©´X≠ ≥´◊¨´tˆ„y ©Êƒ´I ˆ„X˚´Ì” ≥Ê◊¨´tÏÌ˘ƒÊ¨´~´X ^˛
Õ·Jv¨´¯˘\”· ©´ƒ„”Z¨´”~´” `m˙´” ©´ƒ´”∑„· ˆ´¯≥´Ì” ˙„X˚´∑´”ƒ´ B„X≥´ Ï◊¨Ê©´
Ù¨Ê∑´¯¨„. Ù¨´ˆ„y ©Êƒ´I ≥´◊¨´t ˆ„X˚´∏B´”¨Ê¨´ F´I~ʃ„ nm¨´~„ ϨÊxm≥´ ±¯x©W±¯x©W±¯x©W±¯x©W±¯x©W
MÊiF´˘~WMÊiF´˘~WMÊiF´˘~WMÊiF´˘~WMÊiF´˘~W ´©´≠ | F´πt›´~W ∆FʈW| F´πt›´~W ∆FʈW| F´πt›´~W ∆FʈW| F´πt›´~W ∆FʈW| F´πt›´~W ∆FʈWì nm∏ ∑´vmS¨´¨´¯˘ B„·ª~´”ƒ´ Ï›Ê~´∑´´”. MÊiF´˘~´©´
F´vˆÊ~´ F´vF´m›´¨´ ≥´…∆°‚@G¨Êfl`m¨´ ΩkDc ~´ƒ´~„fl©´ ºÊÛ©´~ÊÕ\”Ì˘ƒ´©´X≠
1k nm¨´” F´‘∑´]ߨ´~„, ƒ´””m|©´ „·ƒ´Ì n~´˚´” ´z´ˆ´∑´´¯˘ ¨´” Ùƒ´”Z¶@Gfl,
©´m˙´~´ F´v˛ Ωc ƒ´∆F´Œ∑´ª ∑„Xƒ„”Z ©ÊÌZ¶, nm¿”ƒ´”¶, B´|©Ê~´” ƒ´”¶@Gfl
Ó„„@””˙ÊÚ ≥Êfl¨„@”m˙„. ∏B´”z´f ∏~´”ƒ´ øcΩc ƒ„·„∑„ Ù¨´” ≥´mF´«wŒ
˙´…F´ÚƒÊ∑´¯¨´”¤ ± ƒ„·„∑„ ‡∑´ ©Êƒ´I ˆ´¯˛~´”ƒ´I¨„§Ê˘ ˛·~Ê B´´˙Êfl~´”˙´Ú¨„!
©Êƒ„∆F´”‚ ˆ´¯@”Ó„·ˆ´”, ˆ´¯≥´Ó„·ˆ´”? `·ƒ„· \X·pß!
B„X≥´ L∑´˛Ú∑„, B„X≥´ z´˙´ƒ´G©´ˆ„y ˆÊ¯U‚~´”ƒ´ ©Êƒ´I ©´ƒ´”Z z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´
›´¿”ƒ´Uˆ„∑´´¯˘ B„X≥´˙´©´ƒ´©´”≠ ˙´~´¨„· B„X·¨´~„ _m¶˙Ê ƒ´”X_Œ~Ê∑´”˙„Ú·ƒ„.
^¨´ˆÊyfl\”· Ωk>Í ~´¯˘ ~´X°ß¨´ B„X≥´ ~Ê∆°Ã·@” Õˆ´¸w ·˛@”¯˘ FÊvS ´Ï”ˆ´
B´m˙´|m¨´ Ïz´xϨÊtÌ@” B´m˙´¨´ƒ´~„∑„ `·˚´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ Õˆ´¸wƒ´©´”≠
F´‘fiʃ´”ˆÊ‘∑„Xª≥´Ì” z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ ƒ´©´”≠ ≥ÊmF´v¨Ê≈”ˆ´ Õˆ´¸w¨´¯˘
^©EF´›Ê‘ˆ´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥ʃ´Geˆ´ Õˆ´¸w `·˚´Ì” ∏´ßˆ„X´ Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„ î nm¨´”
˛·ƒ´GŒ`≥´ §Êfl˙´”Ú. Ωkk> ~´ƒ´~„∑„ ‡ ¥Ó´~´ƒ´≥„
ºÊ‘∑„ ∏m|~´§„· ÙÌ˘ . Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ ±@”¤ ˆ„̃´I
Õˆ´¸w ˆ„·m¨´v∑´´¯˘ ƒ´G˙´v ∏´ˆ„∑„ ∏m|¨„.
ƒ´””m∏~´”ƒ´ ƒ´∆F´Œ∑´´¯˘ Ù©´X≠B„›´”– „·m¨´v∑´ª∑„
Ï≥´Ú‘≥´¯¨„.
Ùm¨´” ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ n©´”≠ƒ´ F´¨´ e·ƒ´©´¨´
nÌ˘ ~´m∑´∑´´¯˘ ˆ„·ª ∏~´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´m˙„\”·
z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´~´m∑´ ¨´¯˘@”X ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ F´vƒ„·Õß
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 07 08 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book
¨´z´ˆ´∑´„· V~´”ªƒ„. z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ ƒ„m¨´~„ ©´ƒ´”Z ˆ´¯ˆÊ F´vqv\”@”
¥[ƒ´…|H, ƒ´hEÌtƒ´GF´©´, ∏´ „, ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, ˙Êm˛v ´ „ ƒ´” ´”Ú Ùƒ„Ì˘ƒI∑´´©´”≠ V ´Úƒ´”
F´¶≥´Ì” ∏´≥´§Ê∑´”ƒ´ Ó„X·◊ ´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´ u¿”‚ƒ„X˙´ÚƒÊfl¨„. ƒ„ºÊÛ`ˆ´ƒÊfl
Ïz„ ·∆°ß, ƒ´G©´ƒ´ ≥´mF´©´XZÌ BÊ∑´X ˙Êm˛v ´ ≥´mF´©´XZÌ∑´´©´”≠ ∏´ß „Xm ´” ´ ˆÊ
F´vqv\”@”©´”≠ ±≥´qÚ¨Ê@” ´ƒÊfl≥´”ƒ´ ƒ„ºÊÛ` ´ Ï◊ Ê©´ƒ„· ì z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ© îz„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ© îz„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ© îz„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ© îz„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ© î .
‡ z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ƒ´I B´ÌƒÊ~´” ƒ„Ï◊¨´tƒ´”@” BÊ∑´X ±≥´qÚ¨Ê@”ˆ´
^m∑´∑´ªm¨´ ˆ´X¶¨Ê¤fl¨„. ^ƒ´I∑´´¯ ì ¨´…ˆW Æ z´vƒ´w ¨´…ˆW Æ z´vƒ´w ¨´…ˆW Æ z´vƒ´w ¨´…ˆW Æ z´vƒ´w ¨´…ˆW Æ z´vƒ´w Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´”Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´”Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´”Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´”Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´”
(Audio-Visual Teaching Aids) F´vƒ´””_ƒÊ¨´ƒ´I. ˆ´¯ˆ„@”¯˘ Ùƒ´I
∏B´”ƒ´””_t FÊ˙´vƒ´˜≥´”˙´Úƒ„, ∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Õˆ´¸w Ï◊¨Ê©´¨´ e·ƒÊ´ƒÊflƒ„.
∑´wˆ´ @”m˙´v ∑´wˆ´ @”m˙´v ∑´wˆ´ @”m˙´v ∑´wˆ´ @”m˙´v ∑´wˆ´ @”m˙´v (COMPUTER)(COMPUTER)(COMPUTER)(COMPUTER)(COMPUTER)
±~´m¥Ó´¨´¯˘ ˆ„·ƒ´Ì §„ˆ´yƒ´G˚´Ì” ∏´ˆ„@G∑´”˛Ú¨´¤ ∑´wˆ´@”m˙´v Ωkkc
~´ƒ„·„∑„ ˙´”t˙´Úƒ´” ƒ„ºÊÛ`ˆ´ ´…ˆWÆ z´vƒ´w VF´ˆ´~´wƒÊfl ¥[ƒ´…|HB„Xm| D©„·
°·ª∑„@” ∑´wˆ´ @”m˙´v∑´Êfl (5th Generation Computers) ^ƒ´˙´‘ߨ´ƒ´I.
‡ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ∑´´©´”≠ ±§„X·p≥´”ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”S¨´Œtƒ´I´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ±§„X·p≥´”ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”S¨´Œtƒ´I´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ±§„X·p≥´”ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”S¨´Œtƒ´I´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ±§„X·p≥´”ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”S¨´Œtƒ´I´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ±§„X·p≥´”ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”S¨´Œtƒ´I´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ∑´´” (Think-ing Computers) n©´”≠˙ÊÚ~„. ÙƒI ≥´X ´Ú ƒtƒ´≥„a@” ƒ´”XÌ ´ ´ ≥´”ƒ´, ±§„X·p≥´”ƒ´,
˛·ƒ´GŒ©´ ˙„∑„¨´”ˆ„X´” ƒ´, ±¿ ±˚´”ƒ´, ˆ„Ì≥´ ƒ´G˚´”ƒ´ ÏÏ◊ ´ ≥ʃ´”S ´Œt∑´´©´”≠
B„Xm|ƒ„. Ùƒ´I ˛·~Ê ≥´mq·wŒ ƒ„`ߨ´~´X Ùƒ´I∑´´©´”≠ ∏´≥´Ì” Ó„·ˆÊ¨´ ≥´”Ì¥Ó´
≥´X ´v∑´´”, ≥´”Ì¥Ó´ ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, ≥´x@”m ´ ˆÊ ≥´X ´v∑´´” Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ Ó„´q∑„ ∏~´”˛Úƒ„.
´mF´«t¿~Wum ´” @”m ´v ƒ´” ´”Ú ˆEz´Ìt∑´´ ≥´mq·wŒ Ï”z´vwƒÊfl „. U.Ï.
F´~´ „@”m ´B´ ƒ´G`¿~W BÊ∑´X M„FW~„¿~W©´m ´B´ q·Ó„X·˚WŒ, ©´ƒ´”Z ƒ„” ´”ª©´
ƒ´tƒ´≥„a@”©´”≠ ≥´xÌNƒÊfl B„X·Ì”ƒ´ ºÊÛF´ ´z´qÚºÊÌ Ù˙Êt|∑´´©´”≠ B„Xm| „. Ù ´~´ ˘
Ù©WF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, F„«v·≥„ßm∑W ƒ´tƒ´≥„a Ù©WF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, F„«v·≥„ßm∑W ƒ´tƒ´≥„a Ù©WF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, F„«v·≥„ßm∑W ƒ´tƒ´≥„a Ù©WF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, F„«v·≥„ßm∑W ƒ´tƒ´≥„a Ù©WF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a, F„«v·≥„ßm∑W ƒ´tƒ´≥„a ƒ´”˙´”Ú
™MWF´ IMW ƒ ´ tƒ ´≥ „ a ™MWF´ IMW ƒ ´ tƒ ´≥ „ a ™MWF´ IMW ƒ ´ tƒ ´≥ „ a ™MWF´ IMW ƒ ´ tƒ ´≥ „ a ™MWF´ IMW ƒ ´ tƒ ´≥ „ a nm∏ ƒ´”X~´” F´v◊¨Ê©´
ƒ´tƒ´≥„a∑´ªƒ„. Ù©WFIMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a@”¯˘ q·Ó„X·˚WŒ
,ƒ´hE≥W, iFÊ˘° ¶≥Wy∑´´” ƒ´” ´”Ú ÊmFÊtˆW‚ ¶≥Wy∑´´
ƒ´”Ẍ´ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ Ù¨´~´ ºÊÛF´ˆ´ºÊ̺ÊÛF´ˆ´ºÊ̺ÊÛF´ˆ´ºÊ̺ÊÛF´ˆ´ºÊ̺ÊÛF´ˆ´ºÊ̈„y
(≥„m¿v§W F„«v≥„ßm∑W @””`MW∑„)(≥„m¿v§W F„«v≥„ßm∑W @””`MW∑„)(≥„m¿v§W F„«v≥„ßm∑W @””`MW∑„)(≥„m¿v§W F„«v≥„ßm∑W @””`MW∑„)(≥„m¿v§W F„«v≥„ßm∑W @””`MW∑„) ´”m∏∏B´” ´”.
^ ´” ¯˘ ≥´m≥y‘ ´ƒÊfl Ó„· „m¨Ê∑´ ©´ƒ´”∑„ ß∑´”ƒ´m „
~´q¸≥´ÌNU‚~´”˙´Ú¨„. ‡ ˆ„Ì≥´ˆÊyfl\”· ^©„·ˆ´
ˆÊ@”Œ ´vƒ´”∑´´” ~´p ´ƒÊfl ´”¤ ƒ I∑´´©´”≠ ≥ÊiFW‚ƒ„·~W≥ÊiFW‚ƒ„·~W≥ÊiFW‚ƒ„·~W≥ÊiFW‚ƒ„·~W≥ÊiFW‚ƒ„·~W n©´”≠˙ÊÚ~„. ≥´m≥´y‘≥´ÌN¿‚
ƒ´G˜˛@”” Ó„·ˆÊ¨Ê∑´ ƒ´G`¿~W F´~´¨„@” ƒ„”·§„ ©„X·˚´”ƒ´I¨´” / °vm¿~W
ƒ´”Ẍ´ ƒ´””|v߈„X´” ƒ´I¨´” ™MWF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a™MWF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a™MWF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a™MWF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a™MWF´IMW ƒ´tƒ´≥„a@Gfl¨„.
‡ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W∑´ªm¨´ ˆ´¯ˆ„@”” z´~´ƒ„·∑´¨´¯˘ ƒ´…|H≥´”˛Ú¨„.
^¥[ƒ´…|HB„Xm|¨´ ¨„·z´∑´´¯˘ Ù¨´©´”≠ Õˆ´¸w¨´ ^Ï¥ÓÊLt ^m∑´ƒÊfl
VF´\X·fl≥´”˛Ú¨Ê¤~„. Ù¨´©´”≠ Ùm∑„˘m¶©´¯˘ Computer BasedInstructions (CBI), ƒ„”·‘ˆÊ¨´¯˘ Computer Aided Learning(CAL) nm¨´” ˆ´~„@””˙ÊÚ~„. ˆ´©ÊŒ¿ˆ´¨´¯˘©´ B´ÌƒÊ~´” Õˆ´¸w ≥´m≥„a∑´´¯˘
ˆ´mF´«t¿‘·ˆ´…˙´ Ó„X·◊¨´©„ ≥Êfl¨„. ∏B´”z´f Ù©„≠~´˚´” ƒ´∆F´Œ∑´´¯˘ n§Ê˘ zʧÊ
ˆÊ§„·L”∑´´¯˘ ´mF´«t¿~W ´©´≠ z´ˆ„ ±~´m¥[ß Ó„X·◊ ´©„∑„ B„X≥´ ±@Gƒ´” ·˚´¯¨„.
ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”@”©´”≠ D ÏÏ◊¨´ ƒ„X·˚W
(Mode)∑´Êfl Ïm∑´¶ß¨Ê¤~„ :
1. Tutorial Mode: Ù¨´~´¯˘ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ pˆ´y pˆ´y Ï¥ÓÊ∑´∑´Êfl ƒ´G¶
B´m˙´ B´m˙´ƒÊfl `·˚´§Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„. @Gm˛vˆ´ Ó„X·◊¨´©„ Ù¨´”.
2. Drill and Practice Mode: ϨÊtS|Œ ∑´ª∑„ ˆ´¯@”Ì” BÊ∑´X
F´I©´~ʃ´˛Œ≥´Ì” ^©´”ˆ´X̃Ê∑´”ƒ´m˙„ B´ÌƒÊ~´” ^¥ÓÊt≥´ F´˛vˆ„ ∑´´©´”≠,
V¨ÊB´~´fi„∑´´©´”≠, ˙´F´IN ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥´‘V˙´Ú~´∑´´ ≥´ƒ„”·˙´ ˆ„XU‚~´§Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„.
Ùƒ´I∑´´©´”≠F´I©´~ʃ´˛Œß ˆ´¯@”∏B´”¨´”.
3. Simulation Mode : F´Ô~´tˆ´vƒ´”¨´¯˘ Ù~´”ƒ´ ^S¨´ƒÊ ë `L e·ƒ´©´¨´
J¿©„∑´´”, Ï∆F´@”∑´´©´”≠ ±◊¨´‘ß, ^m˙´B´¨„· J¿©„∑´´©´”≠ B´m˙´ B´m˙´ƒÊfl “‘ˆ„
^S¨´ƒÊ Ùªˆ„ ˆ´vƒ´”¨´¯˘ σ´‘≥´§Êfl~´”˙´Ú¨„.
4. Discovery Mode: F´v@”˙´≠ BÊ∑´” ´F´IN∑´´©´”≠ ƒ´G¶\”· ≥´x˙´f ≥´‘F´¶ß
ˆ„Xm˚´” ˆ´¯@”Ì” ^m¨´~„ Trial and Error ƒ´”Ẍ´ ˛ª@”Ì”,B„X≥´ ˆ´¯ˆÊ
ƒ´G∑´Œ ˆ´m˚´”˜¶@”Ì” ‡ Ï◊¨Ê©´ ≥´B´ˆÊ‘.
5. Gaming Mode : ´mF´«t¿~W ≥´BÊ@”|m ´
±˚´”ƒ´I¨´”, ˆ´mF´«t¿~W º„X˙„∑„· ±˚´”ƒ´I¨´”
ƒ„X¨´§Ê¨´ ±¿¨´ Ï◊¨Ê©´∑´´ ƒ´”Ẍ´ ºÊÛ©´¨´
´ „@” Ï◊ Ê©´Ï ´”.
ˆ´mF´«t¿~´©´”≠ ˆ„·ƒ´Ì ˆ´¯ˆ„∑´∆F„‚· ^Ì˘¨„
ƒ´hEÌtƒ´GF´©´ˆ„y ˆ´X˚´ ∏´ßˆ„X´ §Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„.
F´vz„≠F´˛vˆ„, F´vz´≠ˆ„X·z´ ˙´@G‘ˆ„∑„, ƒ´hEÌt
ƒ´GF´©´ BÊ∑´X ^mˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ˙Ê„©„X·¶ ¨Ê_¯ß
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 09 10 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book
Ù˚´”ƒ´I¨´ˆ´Xy ∏´≥´§Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„. ^Ì˘¨„ ºÊÛ©´¨´ ÏÏ◊¨´ zÊs„∑´´ F´‘›´@G˙´Zˆ´
ƒ´”XÌ ≥ʃ´”flv ≥´m∑´v˜ß˚´”ƒ´I¨´ˆ„y ∏´≥´§Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„.
Ù˛Ú·p©´ B„X≥´ ≥´mz„X·◊¨´©„∑´´ iF´ÌƒÊ fl ˆ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· ƈ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· ƈ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· ƈ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· ƈ´mF´«t¿~W Æ Ï·¶\X· Æ
±¶\X· Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´±¶\X· Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´±¶\X· Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´±¶\X· Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´±¶\X· Æ ¨ ´X~ ´¨ ´z ´Œ© ´ Æ ¨ ´X~ ´ƒÊ] Æ^m˙ ´ºÊŒÌ∑´ ´ ≥´ƒ´”F´Œˆ´
um¨´”∑´X˚´”ψ„≈”m¨´ B„X≥´¨Ê¨´ ∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´” Ï◊¨Ê©´ (Multi - Media)∏´ˆ„∑„ ∏m|¨„. ƒ´”¯‚Ï”·¶@G º„X˙„∑„ Ïz´x¨´ B´Ìƒ´I ≥´mF´ˆ´ŒºÊÌ∑´´”
º„X˙„∑´X¶ Ùm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MWÙm¿~W©„MW (INTERNET) Ïz´xƒÊt° ºÊÌ B´~´¶¨„. Ïz´x¨´
@Gƒ´I¨„· ˆ´mF´«t¿‘·ˆ´…˙´ ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”¨´ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠, ∑´vmS¨´∑´´ F´v˛∑´´©´”≠
ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ºĘ̂´¯˘ ƒ´”X¶ßˆ„Xm˚´” Ψ´Ì”, F´v˛ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ Ì” ∏~´”˙´Ú¨„.
Ïz´x¨´ F´vƒ´””_ |©´F´˛vˆ„∑´´©´”≠ ƒ´”©„@”¯˘ ˆ´”ª˙„· Ψ´∏B´”¨´”. ©´ƒ´”Z ~ÊLt¨´
˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd, | ©´Xt Ùm¶@”©W nˆW√F„v≥W, | ˜m¨´X, “∆F´t©W “ºW,˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd, | ©´Xt Ùm¶@”©W nˆW√F„v≥W, | ˜m¨´X, “∆F´t©W “ºW,˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd, | ©´Xt Ùm¶@”©W nˆW√F„v≥W, | ˜m¨´X, “∆F´t©W “ºW,˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd, | ©´Xt Ùm¶@”©W nˆW√F„v≥W, | ˜m¨´X, “∆F´t©W “ºW,˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd, | ©´Xt Ùm¶@”©W nˆW√F„v≥W, | ˜m¨´X, “∆F´t©W “ºW,
ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´, F´vºÊƒÊ], V¨´@”ƒÊ], ˙´~´m∑´, Ìmˆ„·zW F´˛vˆ„ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´, F´vºÊƒÊ], V¨´@”ƒÊ], ˙´~´m∑´, Ìmˆ„·zW F´˛vˆ„ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´, F´vºÊƒÊ], V¨´@”ƒÊ], ˙´~´m∑´, Ìmˆ„·zW F´˛vˆ„ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´, F´vºÊƒÊ], V¨´@”ƒÊ], ˙´~´m∑´, Ìmˆ„·zW F´˛vˆ„ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´, F´vºÊƒÊ], V¨´@”ƒÊ], ˙´~´m∑´, Ìmˆ„·zW F´˛vˆ„@” ˆ„̃´I
F´I¿∑´´” ‡∑´ m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ Ì¥Ó´tσ„. Ïz´x ´©´≠˚´Ïz´x ´©´≠˚´Ïz´x ´©´≠˚´Ïz´x ´©´≠˚´Ïz´x ´©´≠˚´ m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´ ƒ„X¨´Ì ´©´≠˚´
F´˛vˆ„@Gfl¨„.
Ïz´x¨´ Ó„·~„ Ó„·~„ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ºÊÌ∑´´©´”≠ ºÊ§Ê˚´”ƒ´ ›Ê©´§W ≥´i°Œm∑W
^S¨´ƒÊ ©„MW ≥´i°Œm∑W nm∏ B´ƒÊt≥´ Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ B„›Ê–∑´”˛Ú¨„. ∏B´z´f ƒ´””m|©´
|©´∑´´¯˘ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ºÊÛ©´ B„Xm|~´¨´ @Gƒ´ ϨÊt S|Œ∑´X ˆ´¯ˆ„
≥´”Ì¥Ó´ƒÊ∑´§Ê~´¨´”; Ì˘¨„· ´mF´«t¿~W ©´ƒ´”Z ´¯ˆÊ ≥´m∑Ê˛ @Gfl ©´ƒ´”Z ƒ´”©„@”
^Ï¥ÓÊLt ^m∑´ƒÊ∑´”ƒ´ |©´∑´´” ¨´X~´ÏÌ˘.
∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”(ƒ´”¯‚Ï”·¶@G)¨´ ≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ ^≥Ê◊¨´t ^©´”≠ƒ´I¨„·
ÙÌ˘ƒ„©´”≠ƒ´∆F´”‚ ^¨´”j˙´∑´´” ≥Ê◊|≥´ÌN˚´”˛Úƒ„. ›´Ì©´p˙´v, p˙´vˆ´§„, ≥´…L©´Õ·Ì
∏~´B´, ^F´~Ê◊¨´∑´´ F´˙„Ú, z´≥´Òpq˙„√, ÓÊBÊtˆÊz´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ ˆ„¸·˙´v∑´´”, ƒ´””¨´vw
ƒ´”˙´”Ú F´vˆÊz´©´ ˆ„¸·˙´v∑´´¯˘ ^¨´” ^¨´”j˙´∑´´©„≠· ≥Ê◊|ߨ„. ∏B´”ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”
ˆÊmFÊtˆW‚ ¶≥Wy∑´´” ≥´B´≥Êv~´” ≥´ms„t@”¯˘ ~´X°≥´ÌN˚´”˛Ú¨´”¤ B´Ìƒ´I ≥´mF´I¿∑´´
∏…B´˙W Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´„§Ê˘ ˆ„·ƒ´Ì um¨´” ^S¨´ƒÊ
n~´˚´” ß.¶.∑´´¯˘ Ù~´”ƒ´m˙„ ^˚´ˆ´∑„Xm¶ƒ„.
ˆ´¯ˆ„@”X ƒ„Ï◊¨´tF´«wŒƒÊ∑´”˛Ú¨„.
≥´mz„X·◊¨´©„, ˙Êm˛vˆ´ F´v∑´˛ BÊ∑´X z´v¨„H
z„ˆ´¸]ˆ´ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´¨´ n§„˘∑´´©´”≠ ˜fl∫≥´”˛Úƒ„.
ˆ„̃„· ƒ´∆F´Œ∑´´ ˆ„´∑„ ˆ´m˚´” ˆ„·´‘@”|¨´¤
ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ∑Êv i°ˆW√`m¨´ ˜¶¨´” Ùm¿~W
©„MWƒ´~„∑„ nÌ˘ƒ´« ≥„·‘ Õˆ´¸w ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´¯˘
ˆÊvm˛@”©„≠· Vm¿”ƒ´G¶ƒ„. ∏~´”ƒ´ ƒ ∆F´Œ∑´´¯˘ m˙´ºÊŒÌ ƒ´G˜˛ ´m˙´vºÊÛ©´
ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´ ±∑Ê◊¨´ Ó„´ƒ´]∑„ B„X≥´ Õˆ´¸w ˆ´vƒ´”ƒ´©´”≠, ©´X˙´©´ F´¨´H˛@”©´”≠ ºÊ‘∑„
˙´~´∏B´”¨´”. ‡∑Ê∑´§„· Ìm˚´`≠©´¯˘ e-univeristy ±~´m¥Ó´ƒÊ∑´”ƒ´
≥´X›´©„∑´ª¨´”¤ ƒ´”©„@”¯˘ ˆ´”ª˙„· webucation (web + education)F´˚„@”∏B´”¨´”.
F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” Õˆ´¸w ˆ´vƒ´”¨´¯˘ ≥„·F´Œ˚„@G¨´ ©´m˙´~´ ±fl~´”ƒ´ ^∑Ê◊¨´
Ó„´ƒ´]∑„≈”m¨´ L∑´˛Ú©´ ≥ʈ´¸~´˙„@” F´vƒ´Gwƒ´« Ó„„|¨„. ≥´B´≥Êv~´” [¯@”©W
F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” ƒ´G~´”ˆ´M„‚@”¯˘ƒ„.
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´
Ù|·∑´ Ùm˙´B´ ∏…B´˙W F´I≥´Úˆ„X·¨´tƒ´”ˆ„y ƒ´”˙´”Ú F´˛vˆ„X·¨´tƒ´”ˆ„y ∑´m¥[·~´
F´‘ßa˛ n¨´”~Êfl¨„. L∑´˛Ú©´ n§Ê˘ ˆ„¸·˙´v∑´´©´”≠ ±ƒ´‘ß~´”ƒ´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ¨„˙´t
ƒ´””¨´vw ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´¯˘@”X ˚„≥W yMÊFW F ´[ ˘ ∆°m∑W˚„≥W yMÊFW F ´[ ˘ ∆°m∑W˚„≥W yMÊFW F ´[ ˘ ∆°m∑W˚„≥W yMÊFW F ´[ ˘ ∆°m∑W˚„≥W yMÊFW F ´[ ˘ ∆°m∑W nm∏
B„X≥´∏∑„@”©´”≠ ≥ʃ´Œ˛v·ˆ´~´w ∑„Xªß §„¿~W F„v≥W§„¿~W F„v≥W§„¿~W F„v≥W§„¿~W F„v≥W§„¿~W F„v≥W nm¨´” ˆ´~„@”§Ê∑´”ƒ´
B´„@” ƒ´””¨´vw@”m˙´v∑´´©´”≠ ƒ´”X§„∑„ n≥„@””ƒ´m˙„ ƒ´G¶˙´”Ú. ‡∑´ ‡
F´[˘∆°m∑W ƒ´tƒ´≥„a ˆ´X˚´ ∑´m˚Êm˙´~´¨´¯˘¨„. Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´vˆÊz´©´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú Ï˙´~´fi„
±~´m¥Ó´ ±fl~´”ƒ´I¨´‘m¨´ F´vF´m›´¨´ @Gƒ´I¨„· ƒ´”X§„@” F´˛vˆ„, F´I≥´Úˆ´,
`@”˙´ˆÊ¯ˆ„ ∑´´©´”≠ ^˙´tÌN ƒ„›´–¨´¯˘ ˆ´mF´«t¿~WF´~´¨„@” ƒ„”·§„ Î|
±©´m|≥´∏B´”¨´”. n∆F´„X‚m¨´” ≥´”Ì¥Ó´!
Ù¨„· ‘·˛@” B„X≥´ ∏¨´§Êƒ´fi„ ‡∑´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ∑´ª∑´X ∏m|¨„ ! Ù©´”≠
ƒ´””m¨„ §„·_ˆ´~´” ˙´ƒ´”Z ˆ´…˛ ∑´´©´”≠ ©„·~´ƒÊfl Ùm¿~W©„MW ƒ´”Ẍ´ F´vˆ´Uß
ƒ´G~´∏B´”¨´”. ˙ʃ´I ~´p≥´”ƒ´ ˆ´…˛@” iF„§WF„§WF„§WF„§WF„§W um¨´©´”≠ ‡ F´vˆÊz´ˆ´‘∑„ ~´ƒÊ`ß,
˛m∑´ª∑„ ˆ„̃„· ˚ÊÌ~W ≥„MW Óʶ∑„ ˆ„X¿‚~„
≥ʈ´m˙„. ƒ´G~Ê¿ƒÊ¨´ ^m¨´~„ ± iF„§W`m¨´
˚E©W §„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„Xm˚´ ƒ´tqÚ `·˚´”ƒ´
ƒ„X˙´Ú¨´ Dc % ~´∆F´‚©´”≠ ƒ„X˙´Úƒ´©´”≠ ˆ´X˚´§„·
Fʃ´˛ ƒ´G˚´§Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨´m˙„. B„·fl¨„?
Ù|∆F„‚· ^Ì˘, Ù©´X≠ um¨´” ^¨´”j˙´
±Ï∆FÊy~´ƒÊfl¨„. Ù˙´~„ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” F´˛vˆ„∑´´m˙„
\”· ƒ´”˚´p n¯˘∑„ Ó„·ˆÊ¨´~´X ˙„∑„¨´”ˆ„Xm˚´”
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 11 12 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book
B„X·∑´Ì” ∏~´”ƒ´m˙„ ƒ´Gƒ´”X¯ BÊ„∑´´ ‘·˛ @”¯˘\”· FÊ˘ß‚ˆW BÊ„∑´´ ƒ„”·§„
Ïz„·∆F´ƒÊ¨´ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆWn§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆWn§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆWn§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆWn§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆW ≥´˜˙´ƒÊ¨´ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥ ´ Úˆ ´n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥ ´ Úˆ ´n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥ ´ Úˆ ´n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥ ´ Úˆ ´n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥ ´ Úˆ ´∑´´” ƒ´”˙´”Ú
F´˛vˆ„∑´´©´”≠ B„X~´˙´~´”ƒ´ F´v@”˙´≠ ≥Êfl¨„. ¥ÓÊ∑´z´f @”z´ßx@”X ±fl¨„. `ƒ´”∑„
ˆ„X˚´§Ê∑´”ƒ´ F´˛vˆ„ ^S¨´ƒÊ F´I≥´Úˆ´ sʯ@Gfl~´”m˙„ ˆ´m˚´” ∏~´”˙´Ú¨„. ^¨´©´”≠
`ƒ´”Z M„¯F„π·©W∑„ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ ˆ´¯Nß ˙´©´XZ̈´ `ƒ´”∑„ @Gƒ´I¨´” Ó„·ˆ„X· ± F´˛vˆ„
^S¨´ƒÊ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ ƒ„ÓW≥„MW©´”≠ F´vƒ„·Õß, ˆ´¸wƒ´G˙´v¨´¯˘ ≥´”ƒ´G~´” Øccc
F´I¿∑´´∆F´”‚ ƒ´G˜˛ @”©´”≠ z„·_‘߈„Xm˚´” (˚E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶) M„¯F„π·©W
ˆ´©„ˆ´¸©W ˙„∑„¨´~Ê≈”˙´”. `ƒ´”Z sʯ F´˛vˆ„ ^S¨´ƒÊ F´I≥´Úˆ´ `·ƒ´I ∏@”ߨ´
ƒ´G˜˛≈”m¨´ ´”m[~´”˙´Ú¨„. ¨´ˆ„y ƒ´”˙„Ú Ï¨´”t˙W ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ¨´ ƒ´z´tˆ´˙„\”· ÙÌ˘!
≥Ê‚btUˆW n§„qÃßU≈”m¨´ FÊ˘ß‚ˆW∑„ ◊¨´X´”, ˆ´X¨´Ì”, B´∑´”~´ƒÊ¨´ ˆÊ∑´¨´
^m¿”ƒ´m˙„ ‡ FÊ˘ß‚ˆW©´m˛~´”ƒ´ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´¯˘ F´~´≥´N~´ Ï~´”¨´H ◊¨´”vƒ´∑´´”
um¨´©„X≠m¨´” ±ˆ´∆°Œ≥´”ƒ´m˙„ ^ˆ´¸~´∑´´ ±ˆÊ~´¨´¯˘ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆW FÊ˘ß‚ˆW
BÊ„∑´´ ƒ„”·§„ ƒ´”X¶ ƒ´Gƒ´”X¯ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ /F´˛vˆ„@” F´I¿¨´m˙„\”· Êw”˙´Ú¨„.
‡ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ Î|¨´ ©´m˙´~´ B„X≥´ ƒ´G˜˛ ^S¨´ƒÊ ƒ´”~´”|©´¨´ F´˛vˆ„
Ó„·ˆ„m¨Ê¨´¯˘ ƒ´”˙„Ú M„¯F„π·©W ƒ´”Ẍ´ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ F´vƒ„·Õß, ˆ´¸wˆĘ̂´¯˘
^¨„· F´I≥´Úˆ´ˆ„y ˚E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„Xm˚´¯˘ B´„@” ƒ´G˜˛ ^ªßB„X·fl B„X≥´
ƒ´G˜˛ BÊL~W. V¨ÊB´~´fi„∑„, ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´ / F´vºÊƒÊ] / ˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´ / F´vºÊƒÊ] / ˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´ / F´vºÊƒÊ] / ˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´ / F´vºÊƒÊ] / ˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd ˆ´©´≠˚´ F´v¥Ó´ / F´vºÊƒÊ] / ˚„ˆ´y©W B„~ʧWd ©´
‡ |ƒ´≥´¨´ F´˛vˆ„ ˚E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„Xm˚´” Î| ƒ´””flß|‘ nm|¿”‚ˆ„Xª .
ƒ´”˙„Ú ƒ´”~´”|©´ Ó„´∑„∫ ^¨„· F´˛vˆ„@” B„X≥´ ±ƒ´…˛Ú@”©´”≠ `ƒ´”Z ∏ª@”
n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´˛vˆ„@”¯˘ ˚E©W §„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„Xm˚´” Ψ´∏B´”¨´”.
BÊ∑„\”· ˚„·§W ˆÊ©„Œfl˚„·§W ˆÊ©„Œfl˚„·§W ˆÊ©„Œfl˚„·§W ˆÊ©„Œfl˚„·§W ˆÊ©„Œfl @” um¨´” F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ó„·ˆ´” nm¨´”ˆ„Xª .
˚E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ Ì” `ƒ´”Z ∏ª FÊ˘ß‚ˆW F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ù¨´¤~„ ±≈”˙´”. ˆ„̃„·
ˆ´¸w∑´´¯˘ M„¯F„π·©W ≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ ‡ „Ì≥´ ≥Ê◊|≥´ ∏B´”¨´” . Ê©„Œ·fl@” ˆÊ©„Œ·fl@” ˆÊ©„Œ·fl@” ˆÊ©„Œ·fl@” ˆÊ©„Œ·fl@” F´I≥´Úˆ´
Î|@G≈”˙´”. ººººº„·ƒ´hW√ BÊt¶˘ ›„·≥W„·ƒ´hW√ BÊt¶˘ ›„·≥W„·ƒ´hW√ BÊt¶˘ ›„·≥W„·ƒ´hW√ BÊt¶˘ ›„·≥W„·ƒ´hW√ BÊt¶˘ ›„·≥W©´ ˆÊ¨´m∏‘ ^S¨´ƒÊ ß‚·iF´©W BÊqm∑Wß‚·iF´©W BÊqm∑Wß‚·iF´©W BÊqm∑Wß‚·iF´©W BÊqm∑Wß‚·iF´©W BÊqm∑W©´
Ù˛Ú·p©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ψ´Ó„·ˆ´” n`ß˙´”. ≥´‘ ƒ´”˙„Ú.
`ƒ´”Z F´I≥´Úˆ´ˆ„y ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ ˆ´¯Nß.
ˆ´¸w∑´´¯˘ F´I≥´Úˆ´ BÊL~W. B´„@”¨´” ^ªß
B„X·fl B„X≥´¨´” ± ºÊ∑´¨´¯˘ ˆ´X˛~´”˙´Ú¨„. ^ÌN
≥„·ƒÊ z´”Ìy ƒ´G˙´v ˙„˙´Ú~Ê≈”˙´”. ƒ´”~´ª ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ
ˆ„X˚´”ƒ´ƒ´~„∑„ B´„@” ƒ´G˜˛ ^¯˘ Ù¨„¤·
Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„. B„·fl¨„? Ù¨´” ˆ´ÌN©„@”Ì˘. ©´X~´ˆ„y
©´X~´” ≥´˙´t. Ωkkk~´¯˘ ^ƒ„”·‘ˆÊ¨´
ƒ´”≥Ê›´”≥„MW√ Ù`√b ‚¿XtMW ±iFW M„ˆÊ≠Ìe ≥´m≥„ aƒ´”≥Ê›´”≥„MW√ Ù`√b ‚¿XtMW ±iFW M„ˆÊ≠Ìe ≥´m≥„ aƒ´”≥Ê›´”≥„MW√ Ù`√b ‚¿XtMW ±iFW M„ˆÊ≠Ìe ≥´m≥„ aƒ´”≥Ê›´”≥„MW√ Ù`√b ‚¿XtMW ±iFW M„ˆÊ≠Ìe ≥´m≥„ aƒ´”≥Ê›´”≥„MW√ Ù`√b ‚¿XtMW ±iFW M„ˆÊ≠Ìe ≥´m≥„ a@”ƒ´~´” n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW ÙmˆW
ߨ´H∑„X·ªß¨´”¤ ≥Êt©W iFÊv`√≥„Xy· ≥Êt©W iFÊv`√≥„Xy· ≥Êt©W iFÊv`√≥„Xy· ≥Êt©W iFÊv`√≥„Xy· ≥Êt©W iFÊv`√≥„Xy· ´¯˘ ©´˚„¨´ ≥„·Ó„X·§Wd F´[˘∆°m∑W ˆÊ©WÁ~„©W√≥„·Ó„X·§Wd F´[˘∆°m∑W ˆÊ©WÁ~„©W√≥„·Ó„X·§Wd F´[˘∆°m∑W ˆÊ©WÁ~„©W√≥„·Ó„X·§Wd F´[˘∆°m∑W ˆÊ©WÁ~„©W√≥„·Ó„X·§Wd F´[˘∆°m∑W ˆÊ©WÁ~„©W√
(Seybold Publishing Conference) ©´¯˘ F´v¨´ÕŒ≥´§Êfl˙´”Ú. Ù¨„· ‘·˛@”
≥´ƒ„”Z·´©´ øccc ©„· ©´ƒ„m∏~W Í ƒ´”˙´”Ú < ~´m¨´” ©´Xt@GˆWŒ©´Xt@GˆWŒ©´Xt@GˆWŒ©´Xt@GˆWŒ©´Xt@GˆWŒ©´¯˘ ©´˚„≈”˙´”.
øccø~´ ƒ´G›WŒ ΩØ ‘m¨´ ΩÍ ~´ƒ´~„∑„ ^ƒ„”·‘ˆÊ¨´ ƒÊ∆°m∑´‚©W ~ÊLt¨´
ß@G¿§Wß@G¿§Wß@G¿§Wß@G¿§Wß@G¿§W©´¯˘”EPIC - Con 2002” nm∏ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´vˆÊz´ˆ´~´
≥´ƒ„”Z·´©´ ©´˚„|˙´”Ú.
≥´¨´t ƒ´G~´”ˆ´M„‚@”¯˘ „̃´I Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” (e-Book) „X~„@””
˛Ú ´”¤ ƒ I∑´´ ˘ ≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW (Soft Book) ~ʈ„MW ∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW ∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW ∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW ∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW ∏”ˆW (Rocket Book), 33333
ˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMWˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMWˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMWˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMWˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMW(3 Com Palm Pilot) ƒ´” ´”Ú§„[v@”≥W Ï”§„`@”ƒ´hW§„[v@”≥W Ï”§„`@”ƒ´hW§„[v@”≥W Ï”§„`@”ƒ´hW§„[v@”≥W Ï”§„`@”ƒ´hW§„[v@”≥W Ï”§„`@”ƒ´hW
ÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆWÙÆ∏”ˆW (Librius Millennium E-book)∑´´” F´vƒ´””_ƒÊ ´ƒ I. ÙƒI∑´´ ˘
´”m[ß „Xm ´” Î ´Ì” Ì¥Ó´tÏ~´”ƒ´ Ï ´”t©ÊZ©´ F I≥´Ú ´∑´´” Adobe PDF, InstanteBook, Microsoft Reader ƒ´”˙´”Ú Palm ~´XF´∑´´¯˘~´”˙´Úƒ„.
Ï ´”t©ÊZ©´ F I≥´Ú ´ƒ I „@”¯˘ ˜¶ ´” Î ´∏B´”¨Ê ´ p ´y Fʃ´hW ´mF´«t¿~W/
±∑´Œ©„≥´~W ´~´B´¨´ F´I¿‚ ≥Ê◊¨´©´ƒÊfl¨´”¤ Ù¨´ˆ„y qx˚W qv≥´‚§W ¶≥WF„˘· ßybv·©W
(Liquid Cristal Display Screen) Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„. ≥´”ƒ´G~´” < ƒ„”∑ÊÓ„MW
≥ʃ´”S¨´tŒ ^m¨´~„ Øccc |m¨´ >ccc F´I¿∑´´ƒ´~„∑„ ƒ´””|v˙´ ƒ´G˜˛ ÙÌ˘ƒ„
<c ‘m¨´ Ωøc `Ï”∆F´∑´´ƒ´~„∑„ ƒ´”¯‚Ï”·¶@G ƒ´G˜˛ Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„. Ó„·ˆ„m¨Ê∑´
Ùm¿~W©„MW∑„ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ ´¯Nß, Ó„·ˆÊ¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„Xm˚´”
≥´ƒ´”@”ƒÊ¨Ê∑´ Ψ´∏B´”¨´”. ˆ´]ÿ∑„ z´vƒ´”ƒÊ∑´¨´m˙„ ©„X·¶ˆ„X´ Ì” B´ß~´”
∏wÿ¨´ ©„≠§„@”¯˘ B„X„@””ƒ´ ´F´IN ∏wÿ¨´ ˘ ƒ´””|v˙´ ˆ´¸~´∑´´” ≥ÊÌ” ≥ʧÊfl
um¨´” ƒ´””|v˙´ F´I¿¨´ ±ˆÊ~´¨´¯˘ ˆ„@”¯˘ Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„. ~ʈ„MW∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW∏”ˆW~ʈ„MW∏”ˆW (RocketBook) ^ƒ„”·‘ˆÊ¨´ F´vߨ´H F´vˆÊz´©´ ≥´m≥„a@G¨´ ÓÊ©„Œ≥W ƒ´”˙´”Ú ©„X·∏§WÓÊ©„Œ≥W ƒ´”˙´”Ú ©„X·∏§WÓÊ©„Œ≥W ƒ´”˙´”Ú ©„X·∏§WÓÊ©„Œ≥W ƒ´”˙´”Ú ©„X·∏§WÓÊ©„Œ≥W ƒ´”˙´”Ú ©„X·∏§W ~´ƒ´~´
FÊÌ”¨Ê~´ ≥´m≥„a@Gfl¨´”¤ Í Ìˆ´¸ˆ´Xy B„›´”– F´I≥´Úˆ´ ∑´´©´”≠ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW
F´I≥´Úˆ´~´XF´¨´¯˘ F´vˆ´Uߨ„. ±≥´ˆ´Ú~´” uƒ„”Z∑„
ˆ´`∆F´‚ Øccc F´I¿∑´´∆F´”‚ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ ˙´ƒ´”Z
∏ª≈”~´”ƒ´ F´I¿‚@”m˙´v¨´¯˘ ˚E©W§„X·˚W
ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ ∏B´”¨´”. ‡ F´I¿‚ @”m˙´vˆ„y ≥´”ƒ´G~´”
®cc ‘m¨´ Dcc ˚ÊÌ~W _›ÊŒ∑´¯¨´”¤ ˚E©W
§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ Ì” `∑´|∑„Xª≥´ §Êfl~´”ƒ´
ˆ´`∆F´‚ Óʶ∑„ ˆ„X˚´Ó„·ˆ´”. ±¨´~„ Ù˛Ú·›„∑„
ƒ´G~´”ˆ´M„‚∑„ ∏m|~´”ƒ´ 3ˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMW3ˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMW3ˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMW3ˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMW3ˆÊƒ´hW Fʃ´hW F„ÌMW
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 13 14 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book
(3 Com Palm Pilot) um¨´” ^m∑„∑Ê˙´v¨´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W @”m˙´vƒÊfl¨´”¤
Ù¨´©´”≠ ˆ„·ƒ´Ì F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ Î|∑Êfl\”· ^Ì˘¨„ Ù˙´~„ ≥ʃ´G©´t ˆ´mF´«t¿~W∑´´m˙„
ƒ´G˜˛ ≥´m∑´vB´, Ï`ƒ´”@” ƒ´”˙´”Ú ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ ¨´¯˘ F´˙´v∑´´©´”≠ um¨„˚„≈”m¨´
Ù©„X≠m¨„˚„ ˆ´ª≥´”ƒ´ ‡Æƒ„”·§W Ù˙Êt| ˆ„Ì≥´∑´ª∑´X ∏´≥´∏B´”¨´”. ‡ @”m˙´vˆ„y
^m˙´ºÊŒÌ|m¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ©„·~´ƒÊfl ˚E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ ∏´≥´∏B´”¨´”.
Ù¨´‘m¨´ ∏‘· F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ψ´”ƒ´ @”m˙´vˆ„ym¨„· ·˚´Ó„·ˆÊ¨´ ®cc ‘m¨´ Dcc ÊÌ~W
Vª˙Ê@” ! Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ Ù¨´” L©´°v@”ƒÊ∑´”˛Ú¨„.
^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ e-book ƒ´G~Ê¿¨´ ÏÊ≥´∑´´” ƒ´G~Ê¿¨´ ÏÊ≥´∑´´” ƒ´G~Ê¿¨´ ÏÊ≥´∑´´” ƒ´G~Ê¿¨´ ÏÊ≥´∑´´” ƒ´G~Ê¿¨´ ÏÊ≥´∑´´”
Ïz´x ƒÊt° ƒ´G˜˛ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´¯˘ e-book um¨´” ^¨´”j˙´
§„X·ˆ´ƒ´©„≠· ˙„~„|˚´”˙´Ú¨„. `·ƒ´I @Gƒ´I¨„· ÓEv≥´~W ≥ÊiFW‚ƒ„·~W
≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ ºÊÛ©´§„X·ˆ´ˆ„y Ì∑„∫ Ù˚´”ƒ´I¨´~´ º„X˙„∑„ `ƒ´”∑„ ∑„X˙„Ú· Ù~´¨´
B´ÌƒÊ~´” Ï∆F´@”∑´´©´”≠ ˛ª@””ƒ´^ƒ´ˆÊz´∑´ªƒ„. www.google.com,www.altavista.com,www.indiatimes.com, www.lycos.com,www.rediff.com, www.indya.com, ƒ´””m˙ʨ´ F´vƒ´””_ ≥´›WŒ
Ùme©W∑´´¯˘©´ Search nm∏ qm¶@”¯˘ e-book nm¨´” ¥Ó´˛Œ ƒ´G¶¨´~„
3,14,000 qym˙´ÌX B„›´”– ÏÏ◊ ´ m˙´ºÊŒÌ ÏÊ≥´∑´´” F´˙„Ú@G∑´”˙´Úƒ„ (‡
≥´ms„t |©´ |©´ˆ„y ∏¨´§Ê∑´”˛Ú~´”˙´Ú¨„). ‡ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ ^m∑´¶∑´´” Vp˙´ƒÊfl
˙´ƒ´”Z Ù˛Ú·p©´ F´vˆ´¿fi„∑´´ F´U‚@”©´”≠ ˆ´ªßˆ„X˚´”˙ÊÚ~„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú B„X≥´
F´vˆ´¿fi„∑´´ ˆ´”‘˙´” ƒ´G˜˛ u¨´fl≥´”˙ÊÚ~„.`·ƒ´I§„·_ˆ´~Êfl¨´¤~„ `ƒ´”Z
F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ e-book ±fl F´‘ƒ´˛Œß ƒ´G~´”ƒ´I¨Êfl ˆ„̃´I ≥´m≥„a∑´´”
˛ª≥´”˙´Úƒ„. ˆ„̃´I ^m∑´¶∑´ª∑„ ^ÌN z´”Ìy `·¶¨´~„ ≥ʈ´m˙„. ƒ´”˙„Ú ˆ„̃´I
^m∑´¶∑´´ƒ´~´” ‡ ˆ„Ì≥´ƒ´©´”≠ Vp˙´ƒÊfl
ƒ´G˚´Ì” ƒ´””m¨„ ∏m¨´” ƒ´”Z F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´¯˘ ƒ´~´
um¨´” ºÊ˜·~Ê˙´” Ì∑´˛Ú≥´Ì” ^©´”ƒ´”˛
ˆ„·´”˙ÊÚ~„. ^ƒ´~´ ºÊ˜·~Ê˙´” Bʈ´Ì” `·ƒ´I
u°N¨´~„ ƒ´”∑„ ƒ´~´” ƒ´”Z F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´vˆ´U≥´”ƒ´
Ï◊¨Ê©´ƒ´©´”≠ Vp˙´ƒÊfl B„·ªˆ„X˚´”˙ÊÚ~„.
^m˙´B´ ˆ„̃´I ^m∑´¶∑´´” Ù¯˘ƒ„:
http://www.netlibrary.com http://www.powells.comhttp://www.peanutpress.com/ http://www.ebooknet.com/http://www.barnesandnoble.com/subjects/ebookshttp://www.rocket-library.com http://ebookstore.cc/http://www.ebooksforyou.com http://www.blackmask.comhttp://agoodbook.com http://diskbooks.org/http://www.ebookmall.com/ http://www.m-pro.demon.co.ukhttp://www.e-booksonline.net http://www.1stbooks.com/http://www.e-publishingaustralia.com http://www.time.com/http://www.bb.com http://zanderebooks.comhttp://www.readslikeabook.com/http://www.virtualvolumes.comhttp://www.teleport.com/ http://www.softbook.com/http://www.readersnetwork.com/best.htmlwww.publicus.net/ebooks/ http://www.newsbytes.com/http://www.ebookcompiler.com http://www.e-book-awards.com/http://www.asptoday.com http://www.book-e-book.com/http://www.pcmech.com/sitedlfaq.htmhttp://www.zdnet.com http://ebooknet.com/http://www.globalserve.net/~slider/e-book.htmlhttp://www.bookmice.com/e-Book News.htmhttp://www.biblio-tech.com/html/e-bookhttp://etext.lib.virginia.edu/ebooks/ebooklist.htmlhttp://www.smart-web-promotion.com/e-books.htmhttp://www.e-book-world.com/ ƒ´””m˙ʨ´ƒ´I.
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/ebooks/ebooklist.html∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”¨´¯˘ ±∑´≥W‚ >, øccc¨´m¨´”
n]ߨ´m˙„ um¨´” Ï”¯@”©W ebookebookebookebookebook∑´´
¨Ê≥ÊÚ©´” Ù¨„@”m˙„! BÊ∑„\”· http://www.eBookMall.com/ ©´ ˘ Ωc,ccc ´Xy
B„›´”– F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´” (©ÊÌXy ~´XF´∑´´¯˘)
F´vˆ´¿ƒÊflƒ„@”m˙„! Ùƒ´~´ ^m¨Êe©´ F´vˆÊ~´
øccD©„· Ù≥´Ï ƒ„·„∑„ e-book Ψ´”∑´~´ ≥´ms„t
øDc Ï”¯@”©W ¨Ê¿”˙´Ú¨„@”m˙„! Ùƒ´~´¯˘
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 15 16 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book
§„·_ˆ´‘∑„ F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´vˆ´¿fi„@” ∏∑„∫ƒ´G˜˛ `·˚´”ƒ´ ƒ´tƒ´≥„a≈”¨´”¤ ±≥´ˆ´Ú~´” ≥´¨´‘
ÏÊ≥´ƒ´©´”≠ ≥´mF´qŒ≥´∏B´”¨´”.
‡ Ïz´xƒÊt° ˙Êw¨´¯˘ e-book ∑´ª∑„ Ù~´”ƒ´ ^ƒ´ˆÊz´¨´ º„X˙„∑„
e-library ˆ´X˚´ Ï≥´ÚÂ˙´ƒÊfl Ó„„@””˛Ú¨„. @Gƒ´I¨„· ≥´›WŒ Ùme©W©´¯˘
e-library nm¨´” `·ƒ´I M„F´I ƒ´G¶ B´”˚´”q¨´~„ ˆ´`∆F´‚ ÍÍ,<cc ˙Êw∑´´”
ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„. ^m˙´B´ ˆ„̃´I V¨ÊB´~´fi„∑´´” Ù¯˘ƒ„:
Encyclopedia.com www.elibrary.com/eels.lub.lu.se/ elibrary.destinationcrm.com/www.ecnewsletter.com/ www.e-book.com.au/www.bartleby.com/ www.elibrary.com/www.elibrary.com/s/edumark/ www.lwv.org/elibrary/www.encyclopedia.com/ etext.lib.virginia.edu/ebooks/TeleChem//arrayit.com e-library The e ... arrayit.com/e-library/www.gsaelibrary.gsa.gov/elib/eLibrary.jspwww.unitus.it/virtual/e-book/e-library.htmwww.unitus.it/virtual/e-book/faq.htm-www.ecnewsletter.com/ebooks.htm -www.unitus.it/virtual/e-book/e-library.htmhttp://www.unitus.it/virtual/e-book/e-library.htm E-librarywww.futureprint.kent.edu/articles/wood01.htm
Ù∆F„X‚m¨´” F´vƒ´Gw¨´¯˘ e-book∑´´” B„X~´∏~´”˛Ú~´”ƒÊ∑´ ^ƒ´I∑´´¯˘
V˙´Úƒ´”ƒÊ¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ˆ„y F´vz´ßÚ ˆ„X˚´”ƒ´ ƒ´tƒ´≥„a@”X Ù¨„. http://www.e-book-awards.com/ ÏÊ≥´¨´¯˘ ‡ F´vz´ßÚ∑´´ ∏∑„∫ σ´~´∑´´” ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„.
∏…B´˙W Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´´ ≥´~´]∑´´©´”≠ Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ ˆ„X´” ƒ´I¨´” ƒ´”˙´”Ú
ƒ´G~´”ƒ´I¨´” ´¶ƒ„” @G∑´”˛Ú¨´”¤ Ù¨´ˆ„y F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´ ∑Ê˙´v, ≥´aÊ¥Óʃ´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ◊|ˆ´
Ó„§„ ˆÊ~´wƒÊfl¨„. Ù¨´©´”≠ ˙´°N≥´Ì” Ù¶·
≥´~´]@”©´”≠ um¨´” ^S¨´ƒÊ n~´˚´” ˆÊmFÊtˆW‚
¶≥Wy∑´´¯˘ ƒ´””|vß ƒ´”XÌ ≥´~´]@” Ó„§„@”
B´˙´Ú©„· um¨´” ¥ÓÊ∑´ Ó„§„∑„ (uƒ„XZƒ„”Z ≥´”ƒ´G~´”
Ωccc |m¨´ ®ccc ~´XFÊ≈”∑´´∆F´”‚ ˆ´¶ƒ„”
Ó„§„∑„) ƒ´G~Ê¿ƒ´G˚´§Ê∑´”˛Ú¨´”¤ ‡ ß.¶.∑´´¯˘
ƒ´””|v˙´ ƒ´G˜˛@” º„X˙„∑„ ƒ´”¯‚Ï”·¶@G
ƒ´G˜˛ ˆ´X˚´ Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„. Ψ´”ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”flv @”
º„X˙„∑„ ˆ„·´Ì” ÏÏ◊¨´ ◊¨´x`∑´´”, ¥ÓÊ∆F´w∑´´ ˙´”w”ˆ´”∑´´”, ≥´mfl·˙´, ƒ´”˙´”Ú
©„X·˚´Ì” ¨´…z´t, ß`ƒ´G ƒ´”˙´”Ú ˛v·˚„ƒ„”©´¸©´§W ±ˆ´…˛∑´´” ˆ´X˚´ ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„.
BÊ∑„\”· ‡ ƒ´”¯‚Ï”·¶@G ƒ´G˜˛ Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´´” Ùm¿~W©„MW©´¯˘ Vp˙´ƒÊfl
ß∑´”˙´Úƒ„. ƒ´”∑„ Ó„·ˆÊ¨Ê∑´˚E©W§„X·˚W ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ ∏B´”¨´”. [vMÊ`@G Ïz´x
ˆ„X·z´ ‡∑´^m˙´ºÊŒ¯˘ Ì¥Ó´tϨ„ : www.britannica.comß.¶.∑´´Ì˘¨„ ≥´¨´t¨´§„˘· ƒ´G~´”ˆ´M„‚∑„ ∏~´¯~´”ƒ´ ¶.Ï.¶. ¶.Ï.¶. ¶.Ï.¶. ¶.Ï.¶. ¶.Ï.¶. ( Digital
Versatile Disc-DVD) ƒ´Gƒ´”X¯ ß.¶.∑´ªflm˙´ < F´¿”‚ B„›´”– ≥´m∑´vB´fiÊ
≥ʃ´”S¨´tŒ B„Xm|¨´”¤ n~´˚´X ∏|∑´´¯˘ ≥´”ƒ´G~´” Ω< fl∑ÊÓ„MW∑´´∆F´”‚ m¨´~„
≥´”ƒ´G~´” ΩΩ,>cc iFÊ˘°∑´´¯˘ ˙´”m∏∏B´”¨Ê¨´ ∆F´”‚ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠
≥´m∑´v˜ß¿”‚ˆ„X´ ¯¨´”¤ ∏…B´˙W ∑Ê˙´v¨´ Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´´”, F´¨´ˆ„X·z´∑´´”,
ˆÊ¨´m∏‘∑´´”, F´v∏m◊¨´∑´ªm¨´ ˆ´X¶¨´ ∏…B´˙W ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”ƒ´©„≠· um¨´”
¶.Ï.¶.@” ~´XF´¨´¯˘ `ƒ´”Z º„·[©´¯˘¿”‚ˆ„X´ ∏B´”¨´”. ±∑´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´vˆÊz´©´¨´
¥Ó´Ï∆F´t B„·fl~´∏B´”¨´”? \X·pß. ≥´¨´t ƒ´G~´”ˆ´M„‚@”¯˘~´”ƒ´ Ê∑´¨´¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´”
±∑´ FÊv›´tƒ´≥´”Ú ≥´m∑´vBÊÌ@” ≥„·~´∏B´”¨„·©„X·!
nƒ„‘ ∏”ˆW Ù©WˆÊF„«Œ·~„·∆F´©W nƒ„‘ ∏”ˆW Ù©WˆÊF„«Œ·~„·∆F´©W nƒ„‘ ∏”ˆW Ù©WˆÊF„«Œ·~„·∆F´©W nƒ„‘ ∏”ˆW Ù©WˆÊF„«Œ·~„·∆F´©W nƒ„‘ ∏”ˆW Ù©WˆÊF„«Œ·~„·∆F´©W (Every Book Incorporation)≥´m≥„a@”” B„X~´˙´m|~´”ƒ´ Ù.[. ˚„¶ˆ„·M„˚W ‘·˚´~WÙ.[. ˚„¶ˆ„·M„˚W ‘·˚´~WÙ.[. ˚„¶ˆ„·M„˚W ‘·˚´~WÙ.[. ˚„¶ˆ„·M„˚W ‘·˚´~WÙ.[. ˚„¶ˆ„·M„˚W ‘·˚´~W (E.B.DedicatedReader) nm∏ ƒ´Gƒ´”X¯ F´I≥´Úˆ´¨´m˙„ n˚´∑´˚„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ∏Ì∑´˚„ F´I¿ Ù~´”ƒ´
@”m˙´vƒ´I n~´˚´” n§W.ß.¶. F´~´¨„∑´´©´”≠ B„X·m|¨´”¤ ≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆW≥ÊiFW‚∏”ˆWflm˙´ B„›´”–
Ó„§„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú _~´˙„@””´ ¨Êfl¨„. Ù¨´” ʈ´‚~W, Ùme`@”~W ƒ´”˙´”Ú §Ê@”~W∑´´
VF´\X·∑´ˆÊyfl ±@G ˆ„¸·˙´v∑´´¯˘©´ ±Ï∆FÊy~´∑´´ ƒ´G˜˛ `·˚´”˙´Ú¨„.
‡ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´ª∑„§Ê˘ ƒ´””©´”≠¶ BÊq¨´”¤ Ωk<Ω ~´∆F´”‚ ˜m¨„,
^ƒ„”·‘ˆÊ¨´ Ù¯©Ê@hW√ FÊvm˙´t¨´ Ó„©„¶ˆ„‚©W ˆÊ§„·e©´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ˙´LÛ~´ ˙´m˚´
FÊvº„ˆW‚ ∑´”M„©W∏∑WŒ nm∏ B„≥´‘©´¯˘ ±~´m¥[ߨ´ F´vߨ´H F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´ ≥´m∑´vB´
ˆÊ@”Œ. Ùmfl˘∆FW ≥ʘ˙´t¨´ ƒ´”BÊ©W ˆ´…˛∑´„Ì˘ƒ´©´X≠ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥´Úˆ´
~´XF´¨´¯˘ ˙´~´Ì” `◊¨´Œ‘ߨ´ ‡ ˙´m˚´ˆ„y @”z´≥´”√
≥´”Ì¥Ó´ƒÊfl ßqy˙´”, ˆÊ~´w ‡ B´„@” ˆ´…˛∑´ª∑„
ˆÊ°~„MW ÙÌ˘|~´”ƒ´I¨´”. Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ ©´ƒ´”Z
¨„·z´¨´¯˘ ƒ´G~Ê¿ƒÊ∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ ˆ„̃Ê~´”
ˆ´mF´«t¿~W `@”˙´ˆÊ¯ˆ„∑´´ º„X˙„
`·˚´§Ê∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ ß.¶.∑´´¯˘ ‡ FÊvº„ˆW‚
∑´”M„©W∏∑WŒ©´ F´vsÊt˙´ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥´Úˆ´ ≥´~´]
∑´´©´”≠ ƒ´””|v≥´§Êfl¨„. ±≥´ˆ´Ú~´” Ωkkk ~´ “°v§W
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 17 18 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book
©´m˙´~´¨´ °.ß.ˆ„ x≥W‚ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ƒ´G߈´/ ¶eMW ƒ´G߈´ °.ß.ˆ„ x≥W‚ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ƒ´G߈´/ ¶eMW ƒ´G߈´ °.ß.ˆ„ x≥W‚ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ƒ´G߈´/ ¶eMW ƒ´G߈´ °.ß.ˆ„ x≥W‚ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ƒ´G߈´/ ¶eMW ƒ´G߈´ °.ß.ˆ„ x≥W‚ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W ƒ´G߈´/ ¶eMW ƒ´G߈´ ¨´ ß.¶.ß.¶.ß.¶.ß.¶.ß.¶.∑´´¯˘
`·˚´§Êfl~´”ƒ´ ‡ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ©„X·˚´∏B´”¨´”, ´ƒ´”Z ´mF´«t¿~W∑´X ƒ´∑ÊŒ≈”ß
ˆ„X´ ∏B´”¨´”.(˚„·`@”§W ¶·F„π·, ~Ê∏MWŒ ÌX≈” ßxƒ´©W ≥´©W,º„X·≥„iFW
ˆÊ©Êv˚W ƒ„X¨´§Ê¨´ F´vƒ´””_ ≥ʘ˛∑´´ ≥´ƒ´”∑´v ´…˛∑´´” ‡∑Ê∑´§„· ± ß.¶.∑´´¯˘
Ì¥Ó´tσ„.) ‡ ≥ÊÏ~Ê~´” F´I¿∑´´ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ F„·ºWƒ„”·ˆ´~W FÊtˆ„·ºW©´¯˘
≥´m∑´v˜ß¿”‚ Ó„·ˆ„m¨Ê∑´ ˆ´mF´«t¿~W©´¯˘ ƒ´”X¶ß Ψ´∏B´”¨´”.Ψ´¯ˆ„y
Ó„·ºÊ~„`ߨ´¯˘ ƒ´”¯‚ Ï”·¶@G FÊtˆ„·ºW Ù¨´¤ƒ´~´” M„ˆW‚b√ ß≥„‚mMW ‘·˚´~W©´
≥´BÊ@”|m¨´ Î|ß „·ª ±©´m|≥´∏B´”¨´” ! ˚„X·ÓW©´ƒ´~´ e-book ‘·˚´~W,
±ˆ„XvÓÊtMW ‘·˚´~W∑´´” ‡ |≥„@”¯˘ B„›´”– VF´@””ˆ´Ú. BÊ∑„\”· ƒ„”ˆ„Xv
≥ÊiFW‚©´ƒ´~´ e-book‘·˚´~W ˆ´X˚´ ∏m|¨„.
∏…B´˙W ∑Ê˙´v¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ n§„ˆÊÃ`ˆW F´I≥´Úˆ´~´XF´¨´¯˘ ß.¶.@”¯˘
z„·_‘ß¿”‚ˆ„Xm˚´” ^ˆ´≥ÊZ˙W Ψ´”∑´‘m¨´ ì ˆÊ∑´¨´¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ~´XF´¨´¯˘\”·
Ó„·ˆ´”î î nm∏ Ó„·¶ˆ„ ∏m¨´¯˘ ± ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ ´ˆ´¸wƒ„· ƒ´””|vß „X˚´”ƒ´ ≥EÌ¥Ó´t
ˆ„̃´I F´I≥´Úˆ´ F´vˆÊz´ˆ´~´¯˘ ¨„X~„@””˛Ú¨„. ˆ´`∆F´‚ F´ˆ´¸ ^m˙´B´ øc F´v˛∑´ª∑„
Ó„·¶ˆ„ ∏m¨´ ˆ´X˚´§„· ƒ´””|vß ˆ„X˚´”˙ÊÚ~„. Ù¨´‘m¨Êfl ¥ÓÊ‘· F´vƒ´Gw¨´
ˆÊ∑´¨´¨´ Vª˙Ê@”ƒÊ∑´”˙´Ú¨„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥´m∑´vB´¨´ ˙ÊF´˙´v@”, F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´”
BÊÊ∑´”ƒ´I¨´”, ƒ´G~Ê¿ ˆÊyfl ≥Ê∑Ê]ˆ„ ƒ´G˚´”ƒ´I¨´” nÌ˘ƒ´« ˙´F´IN˙´Ú¨„. pˆ´y
∑Ê˙´v¨´ ß.¶. @”¯˘\”· ^©„·ˆ´ÓÊ‘ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ˆ„X´” ƒ´ƒ´~´” Ù~´”˙ÊÚ~„.
^¨´‘m¨´ ≥Ê∑Ê]ˆ„@”X ≥´”Ì¥Ó´ ^Ì˘ƒ„· ?
‡ ‘·˛@” ƒ´G˜˛ ≥´m∑´vB´ƒ´©´”≠ ∑´vmS ÊÌ@”∑´´¯˘ ∏´ßˆ„X´” ˛Ú~´”ƒ´ƒ´~´
≥´ms„t |©´ |©´ˆ„y Ó„„@””˛Ú¨„. um¨´” ∑´vmS ÊÌ@”|m¨´ Ù©„X≠m¨´” ∑´vmS ÊÌ@”ˆ„y
ƒ´G˜˛ Ï`ƒ´”@”, ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”∑´ªm¨´ ˆ´À„·‘∑´ª∑„, zÊ§Ê ˆÊ§„·L”∑´ª∑„,
≥´mz„X·◊¨´©Ê ˆ„·m¨´v∑´ª∑„ ^m˙´ºÊŒÌ¨´ ƒ´”Ẍ´, ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ ≥„·˙´”ƒ„∑´´ ƒ´”Ẍ´
©´˚„@””˛Ú¨„. Ù¨´ˆÊyfl §„X·ˆ´§W “‘@G ©„MWƒ´ˆWŒ (Local Area Network- LAN ), ƒ„”M„Xv· Fʯ¿©W §„∏v‘ ©„MWƒ´ˆWŒ
(Metropolitan Library Network -MLN ) BÊ∑´X ƒ„˚W “‘@G ©„MWƒ´ˆWŒ
(Wide Area Network - WAN)∑´´©´”≠
∏´ßˆ„X´ §Ê∑´”˛Ú¨„. ¥ÓÊ~´˙´¨´¯˘©´ ƒ´”BÊ©´∑´~´
∑´´¯˘ ‡ ≥EÌ¥Ó´t ‡∑Ê∑´§„· ›Ê¯Ú@”¯˘¨„.
ˆ´Ìy˙ÊÚ¨´¯˘ CALIBNET nm∏ nm∏ ƒ´tƒ´≥„a
Ù¨´”¤ u¿”‚ ®> ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”∑´´©´”≠ Ù¨´” º„X·¶≥´”˛Ú¨„. Ù¨´©´”≠ NationalInformation System for Science and Technology - NISSATƒ´˜ßˆ„Xm¶¨„. Ù¨´~´m˙„\”· ¨„B´¯ ƒ´”X̨´ Defence Scientific Informa-tion and Documentation Centre - DESIDOC ©´ƒ´~´ DESINET ¥ÓÊ~´˛·@”
~´ˆ´¸fiÊ F´˚„∑´ª∑„ ∑´˙´tƒÊ¨´ ´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ ƒ´G˜˛ BÊ∑´X ∑´vmS ÊÌ@” ºỄÊfl¨„.
^m˙„\”· Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - CSIR ©´ƒ´~´
CSIRNET nm∏ ≥´mz„X·◊¨´©Ê ºỄ´« Ù¨„.
ˆ„∑Ê‘ˆ„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ≥„·ƒÊˆ„¸·˙´v∑´´¯˘~´”ƒ´ƒ´~´ ∏´ˆ„∑Êfl B„¨´~ÊÓʨW ƒ´”X̨´
Computer Maintenance Corporation- CMC ©´ƒ´~´” ≥Êa°ß~´”ƒ´
INDONET F´v≥´”Ú˙´ ¨„B´¯, ˆ´Ìy˙ÊÚ, ƒ´””mÓ„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ›„©„≠b ƒ´”BÊ©´∑´~´∑´´©´”≠
º„X·¶ß¨´”¤ Ó„m∑´´X~´”, ^B´ƒ´”¨ÊÓʨW ƒ´”˙´”Ú F´Ifi„∑´´¯˘ ˆ´X˚´ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ
ˆ„Xm¶∑´´©´”≠ ّ߈„Xm¶¨„. ƒ´””mÓ„©´¯˘©´ Videsh Sanchar Nigam Lim-ited - VSNL ©´ Gateway switching Service ƒ´”Ẍ´ ‡ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ „Ì≥´
`ƒ´Œ˜≥´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´I¨´‘m¨´ ^m˙Ê~Ê∆°Ã·@” ºÊÌ ∑´Ê ´ TYMNET, TELENET,DATEX-P, TRANSPAC ∑´´©´”≠ ≥´”Ì¥Ó´ƒÊfl ´Ì”F´∏B´” ´”.
¨„B´¯ ƒ´”XÌ|m¨´ n§Ê˘ ~ÊLt∑´´ ~ÊL◊¨Ê`∑´´©´”≠ ƒ´”˙´”Ú e§Ê˘
ˆ„·m¨´v∑´´©´”≠ INSAT ƒ´”Ẍ´ ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ¨´¯˘¿”‚ˆ„Xm˚´” ˆ„·m¨´v BÊ∑´X ~ÊLt
≥´ˆÊŒ~´∑´´ ±˚´ª˙´ ≥´”∑´ƒ´”ƒÊ∑´Ì”, ƒ´G˜˛ Ï`ƒ´”@” ƒ´G¶ˆ„X´ Ì” NationalInformatics Centre - NIC©´ƒ´~´” ≥Êa°ß¨´ National Informatics CentreNetworks - NICENET ≥´¨´t B„›´”– ≥´”|¤@”¯˘¨´”¤¨´” ›´”©Êƒ´fi„∑´´ ≥´m¨´¥Ó´Œ
¨´¯˘. ¨´X~´¨´z´Œ©´¨´ F´~´¨„@”ƒ„”·§„ ~Ê∆F´Ã¨´ n§Ê˘ ˆ´˚„∑´ªm¨´ ƒ´”˙´ “]ˆ„@”
σ´~´∑´´©´”≠ @”S¨Êƒ´˙ÊÚfl, ˆ´”˘F´ÚˆÊÌ ¨´¯˘ `·¶¨´”¤ ‡ NICENET ºỄ„·.
Ù¨´~´¯˘ Depatment of Biotechnology ≥´m≥„a@”ƒ´~´ BTISNET ƒ´G˜˛
≥´m∑´vB´ƒ´« ≥„·‘¨„.
Ù©´”≠ Õˆ´¸w ˆ„¸·˙´v¨´ Ïz„· ∆F´
∑´vmS¨´Æƒ´G˜˛Æ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´ Ï`ƒ´”@” ˆÊyfl\”·
ERNET, INFLIBNET ƒ´”˙´”Ú VIDYANET nm∏
ºÊÌ∑´ªƒ„. Ó„m∑´´X‘©´ Indian Institute ofScience - IISc, ƒ´””mÓ„©´ National Centrefor Software Technology - NCST ƒ´”˙´”Ú
Depat ment of Electronics - DOE , ÏÏ◊¨´
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 19 20 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book
©´∑´~´∑´´¯˘©´ ¨´” ≥´m≥„a∑´´” ≥´m@””ˆ´ÚƒÊfl Education and Research Net-work - ERNET nm∏ ≥´mF´ˆ´ŒºÊÌ “F´Œ¶ßˆ„Xm¶ƒ„. m˙„\”· Ïz´xϨÊtÌ@”
◊¨´©´ ≥´BÊ@” ±\X·∑´ UGC ¨´ FÊv\X·Lˆ´˙´x¨´¯˘ > ©„· F´m›´ ƒÊ∆°Œˆ´
\X·L©„@”¶ ^©´”∆FÊ‚©´∑„Xm¶~´”ƒ´ INFLIBNET ≥´mF´ˆ´Œ ºÊ̈„y V©´≠˙´
Õˆ´¸w¨´ ≥´m≥„a∑´´”,Ïz´xϨÊtÌ@”∑´´”,≥´mz„X·◊¨´©„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ^¥[ƒ´…|H ≥´m≥„a∑´´”,
CSIR, ICAR, ICMR, ICSSR ©´m˙´B´ B´ÌƒÊ~´” ≥´m≥„a∑´´ º„X˙„∑„ ΩDc ´Xy
B„›´”–Ïz´x ϨÊtÌ@”∑´´ ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”∑´´”, Dc ≥Ê≠˙´ˆ„X·˙´Ú~´ ˆ„·m¨´v∑´´” ƒ´”˙´”Ú
≥Êx@””˙´Ú ƒ´”BÊϨÊtÌ@”∑´´”, øcc Ïz„·∆F´ ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”∑´´X ≥„·‘ƒ„.
B„X≥´ ≥´B´≥´vƒ´G©´¨´ ˆ„X˚´”∑„@” ‘·˛@”¯˘ ±\X·e˙´ ƒÊfl~´”ƒ´
VIDYANET nm∏ ƒ´G˜˛ ºÊÌ ¨„B´¯@” All India Institute of MedicalSciences - AIIMS, IIT BÊ∑´X National Physical Laboratory, ƒ´””mÓ„©´
Bhaba Atomic Research - BARC, Tata Institute of FundamentalResearch ƒ´”˙´”Ú IIT, ˆ´Ìy˙´Ú¨´ Indian Statistical Insitute ƒ´”˙´”Ú IndianInstitute of Geomagnetism ≥´m≥„a∑´„· Ì˘¨„ B´ƒ´”¨ÊÓʨW, Ó„m∑´´X~´”,
¥Ó´XFʧW, ˆ´Ìy˙ÊÚ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ›„©„≠b∑´´¯˘~´”ƒ´ F´vƒ´””_ ≥´mz„X·◊¨´©Ê ≥´m≥„a∑´´©´”≠
º„X·¶≥´¯¨„. ‡ ºÊÌ ˙´”mÓÊ ƒÊtF´ˆ´ƒÊ∑´”˛Ú¨„.
˜·∑„ B„X≥´¨Ê¨´ ƒ´G˜˛ ºÊÌ∑´´”, ≥´mz„X·◊¨´©Ê ¨´˙ÊÚmz´ ˆ„X·z´∑´´”
F´vF´m›´¨Ê¨´tm˙´ B´~´˚´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ ‡ ≥´ƒ´”@”¨´¯˘ ©Êƒ´I ≥´◊¨´t ∏´≥´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´
∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@” n∆F´”‚ ˜m¨´”ª|¨„, n∆∆F´”‚ ƒ´””m¨´” ƒ´~„@”Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„ n©´”≠ƒ´I¨´©´”≠
ˆ´”‘˙´” pm˛≥´Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„.
Ù¨„· ≥´m¨´¥Ó´Œ¨´¯˘ ©´ƒ´”Z zʧ„∑´´¯˘ ∏´ˆ„@”¯˘~´”ƒ´ Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w
∑´´ º„X˙„ ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”ƒ´©´”≠ F´«~´ˆ´ƒÊfl ∏´ß ˆ„X´ Ó„·ˆÊ¨´ ^`ƒÊ@”Œ˙„ Ù¨„.
ˆ„·ƒ´Ì ˆ´FÊ¿”∑´´¯˘ Ù¿”‚ ◊¨´X´”, e~´§„, Ù¯∑´ª∑„ ƒ´G˙´v Ψ´Ì” ˆ„X˚´¨„
ϨÊtS|Œ∑´´ ˆ„∑„ ^ƒ´I ß∑´”ƒ´m˙„ ƒ´G˚´Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„. Ù¨´ˆÊyfl ≥´B´…¨´≈” Õˆ´¸ˆ´~´”
˙´ƒ´”Z zÊ§Ê ≥´ƒ´”@”¨´¯˘ ∑´vmS¨´ ∏´ˆ„∑„
≥´m∏m◊|ߨ´ ›´¿”ƒ´Uˆ„∑´´©´”≠ B´Ï”Zˆ„X´
Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„. ^∆F„‚· ^Ì˘¨„ ˙´ƒ´”Z ƒ„@”qÚˆ´
∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@” ƒ´©´”≠ ˆ´X˚´ ^ƒ´~´” Ó„„߈„X´
Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„.
Ωk>Í~´ B„X≥´ ~Ê∆°Ã·@” Õˆ´¸w `·˛@”
F´vˆÊ~´ Ó„X·◊¨´©„ (Teaching) nm∏ F´‘ˆ´ÌN©„∑„
∏¨´¯∑„ ˆ´¯ˆ„ (Learning), Ó„X·◊¨´ˆ´ / Õˆ´¸ˆ´
(Teacher) F´‘ˆ´ÌN©„@” ∏¨´¯∑„ ˆ´¯ˆ„@”©´”≠ F„«v·˙Ê√˜≥´”ƒ´ ƒ´G∑´Œ¨´z´Œˆ´ /
≥´mF´©´XZÌ ƒ´tqÚ (Learning Fecilitator / Educational Practitioner)nm∏”¨´” ∏´ˆ„@”¯˘¨„. ©Êƒ´I Ó„X·◊|≥´”ƒ´I¨´~´ ∏¨´Ì” ˆ´¯ˆÊ F´vqv\”@”¯˘
FÊÌ”¨Ê~´~Ê∑´Ó„·ˆ´”. Ù¨´ˆ„y ˙´ƒ´”Z ˛m∑´´ ≥´m∏´¨´ Ω% ‘m¨´ D% ~´∆F´”‚Ω% ‘m¨´ D% ~´∆F´”‚Ω% ‘m¨´ D% ~´∆F´”‚Ω% ‘m¨´ D% ~´∆F´”‚Ω% ‘m¨´ D% ~´∆F´”‚
¥ÓÊ∑´ƒ´©´”≠ ´ƒ´”Z ≥„·ƒÊ „¸·˙´v¨´¯˘ F´‘w˛∑´ªßˆ„X´ Ì”, ≥´m∏m◊|ߨ´ F´I≥´Úˆ´, F´˛vˆ„,
`@”˙´ˆÊ¯ˆ´∑´´©´”≠ _‘·|≥´Ì” ∏´ßˆ„X´” ƒ´ ƒ´”©´≥´”√ ƒ´G¶¨´~„ F´v˛ ƒ´”©„, zʧ„
Ó„X·◊ ´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´ªm¨´ ´”m[ ´”´”ˆ´”˙´Ú¨„, ƒ´”ˆ´y´¯˘ ´¯ˆÊ F´vƒ´…˛Ú B„›´”–˙´Ú¨„.
º„X˙„∑„ ±◊ ´”`ˆ´ ∏B´”ƒ´G◊ ´tƒ´” VF´ˆ´~´w∑´´ F´‘›´@”ƒ´« ±fl um¨„Xm¨Êfl ƒ´I
ƒ´”©„ ≥„·~´”˙´Úƒ„. ¨´” ^S¨´ƒÊ B´˙´”Ú ƒ´ ∆F´Œ∑´´ ˆÊÌ ˜·∑„ ≥´˙´˙´ƒÊfl
Ó„X·◊¨´©„X·F´ˆ´~´w∑´´ ƒ„”·§„ B´w ƒ´t≈”≥´”ƒ´I¨´‘m¨´ ©´∆F´‚ƒ„·©´X ±∑´¨„ ^∑Ê◊¨´
ºÊÛ©´FÊv°Ú ±∑´”˙´Ú¨„. Ù¨´”ƒ´~„∑„ ˛ªß¨´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´”, ˆ´mF´«t¿~W
ƒ„X¨´§Ê¨´ƒ´I F´v˛\X∏»~´ ƒ´”©„∑„ ∏~´”ƒ´m˙Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„, ^Ì˘ƒ„·?
Ù∆F„‚§Ê˘ Ïz„·∆F´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´ ∏∑„∫ B„·ª@G¨´ ƒ„”·§„ ´©´≠˚´ F´I≥´Úˆ„X·¨´tƒ´”¨´
∏∑„∫, ˆ´©´≠˚´¨´¯˘ ‡ ‘·˛@” Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ ∑´´©´”≠ F´vˆ´U≥´”ƒ´I¨´~´ ˆ´”‘˙´”
B„·´§„· Ó„·ˆ´”. ≥´¨´t |ˆ´X√p F´vˆÊz´©´ |ˆ´X√p F´vˆÊz´©´ |ˆ´X√p F´vˆÊz´©´ |ˆ´X√p F´vˆÊz´©´ |ˆ´X√p F´vˆÊz´©´ ¨´ƒ´~´” ߯ˆÊ©W ßU߯ˆÊ©W ßU߯ˆÊ©W ßU߯ˆÊ©W ßU߯ˆÊ©W ßU nm∏ ƒ´G≥´F´˛vˆ„
@”©´”≠ B„X~´˙´~´”˛Ú¨´”¤ ¨´~„XU‚∑„ ·˚´§Ê∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ ∏B´”ƒ´G◊ ´tƒ´” ß.¶.@”¯˘
Ùm˙´B´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´ F´vˆ´¿fi„∑„ F´v@”˙´≠ ≥Êfl¨„. ˆ´©´≠˚´¨´ Ψ´”∑´~´” ƒ´””|v˙´
F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ˆ„X´” ƒ´I¨´©´”≠ ~´X‹¶ßˆ„Xm˚Ê∑´ Ϩ´”t©ÊZ©´ F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´´©´”≠ ˆ„X´” ƒ´
∏∑„∫ ¥Ó´~´ƒ´≥„ ƒ´”X˚´”˙´Ú¨„. F´I≥´Úˆ´∑´„· ƒ´G~Ê¿ƒÊ∑´|¨´¤ƒ„”·§„ F´vˆÊz´ˆ´~´”
^ƒ´I∑´´©´”≠ @G˙´ˆÊyfl ƒ´””|v≥´Ó„·ˆ´” B„·ª? ˆ´©´≠˚´¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ °v·˛ Ó„„≥´”ƒ´
ˆÊ@”ˆ´ˆ„y, ∑´vmS ´ ºÊ∑´…˛∑„ ß∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ F„«v·˙Ê√B´¨´ ∏∑„∫ B„·´¨„· Ù~´”ƒ´I¨„· §„·≥´”.
≥ʘ˛ P· F´. ~ʃ´”ˆ´…∆F´ÿzÊßÒ@”ƒ´~´” ‡ ˆ´©´≠¶∑´~´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ °v·˛@” ∏∑„∫ ˜·∑„
∏~„|¨Ê¤~„:
ƒ´”©„ƒ´”©„∑„ ≥´~´≥´˛@” u\”¤ ©Ê©„Xƒ„”Z.
F´I≥´Úˆ´ ƒ´G~Ê¿ƒ„m¨´~„ ©´©´fl˙´”Ú B„ƒ„”Z.
≥´mº„@G¨Ê∑´ ßqy¨´ B´w ∏‘@” nmMÊfi„.
ˆ´©´≠¶∑´~´ F´I≥´Úˆ´ °v·˛ Ù¨´” ¨„·ƒ´~Êfi„.
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 21 22 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book
e·ƒ´©´Ï¶· ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”e·ƒ´©´Ï¶· ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”e·ƒ´©´Ï¶· ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”e·ƒ´©´Ï¶· ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”e·ƒ´©´Ï¶· ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”
Õˆ´¸w ˆ„·ƒ´Ì zÊ§Ê ˆÊ§„·L”∑´´¯˘~´”ƒ´∆F´”‚ |©´ ƒ´G˙´v ˆ´¯@””ƒ´mS¨´¨´”¤
nm∏ ¥Óʃ´©„ ƒ´G@”ƒÊfl e·ƒ´©´Ï¶· ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\” (Life LongLearning) nm∏”¨´©´”≠ L©´‘∑„ ƒ´”©´ƒ´‘ˆ„ ƒ´G¶ˆ„X˚´Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„. ≥ÊmF´v¨Ê≈”ˆ´
ƒ´”˙´”Ú ^≥ÊmF´v¨Ê≈”ˆ´ Ï◊ Ê©´∑´ªm¨´ ‡ ˆ´¯ˆ„ ë `~´m˙´~´ L~´”∑´”˙´Ú§„· Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„
ƒ´”˙´”Ú Ù¨´” ^∑´˙´t ˆ´X˚´. ˆ„·ƒ´Ì ì AAAAA î ∑„v·˚W ˙„∑„¨´ ƒ´G˙´vˆ„y·, ~ÊtmˆW q‘·¿
B„X˙´Úƒ´G˙´vˆ„y· u∏»©´©´”≠ ∏”|Hƒ´m˙´ ©„m¨´” F´‘∑´]≥´Ì” ∏~´”ƒ´I|Ì˘.
[v¿`≠©´ §„·∏~W ¶FÊMWŒƒ„”mMW F´vˆ´Uß~´”ƒ´ “The Learning Age- A Renaissance for a New Britain” ≥´Ï”·ˆÊ¸≥´mF´I¿¨´¯˘ e·ƒ´ƒ´G©´
F´~´tm˙´ ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ F´vqv\”@” ∏∑„∫ ≥´”|·JŒ ›´›„Œ F´v≥´”Ú˙´F´¶≥´§Êfl¨„. Õˆ´¸w
ƒ´”˙´”Ú V¨„Xt·∑´ Ù§Ês„@” ~ÊLt ˆÊ@”Œ¨´ÕŒ ˚„·Ï˚W ∏˘mˆ„MW ^ƒ´~´ F´vˆÊ~´
ì øΩ©„· z´˙´ƒ´G©´ `Õ–˙´ƒÊfl@”X B„X≥´ ∏¨´§Êƒ´fi„∑´´©´”≠, ≥´ƒÊÌ”∑´´©´”≠ u˚´”d
ƒ´mS ´ ´”¤. Ùm ´B´ ≥´m ´¥Ó´Œ ´ ˘ ©´ƒ´”Z ~´ ´ fi„∑„ ∏~´”ƒI ´” „·ƒ´Ì ©ÊƒI ë `~´m ´~´ ƒÊfl
´ @””ƒ´ ƒ´” ´”Ú ´ ´ ´¤©´”≠ ≥´ƒ´”S ´ŒƒÊfl ∏´ß „X´” ƒ´ ≥ʃ´”S ´tŒ ƒ´G ´v ©´ƒ´”Z©´”≠
¥Ó´ ´v „≈”m ´ ÊFÊ ´ ∏Ì˘ ´”. ©ÊƒI „Ì≥´ ´ ˘~´”ƒÊ∑´, Ï~ʃ´” ´ ˘~´” ƒÊ∑´, S ´ƒÊ
@GƒÊ∑´ Ó„· „m ´~„ ±∑´, n¯˘ Ó„· „m ´~„ ^¯˘ ´ @”” ´Ú§„· ≥Ê∑´Ó„·ˆÊfl „.î î
‡ ´¯@””ψ„ ∑„X˛Ú~´”ƒ´m˙„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ∑„X˙ÊÚ∑´¨´m˙„ ©´˚„@””˙´Ú§„· Ù~´”˙´Ú¨„.
ì î ©ƒ”Z ©´˚´ƒ´ªˆ„@”¯˘ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ©´ƒ´”Z ≥´xÆV¨ÊH~´¨´ (Self-improvement)F´vqv\”@”¯˘ Êvm˛@G¨Ê∑´, ~´m˙´~´ ∏¨´§Êƒ´fi„∑„X´F´MÊ‚∑´ Ùm˙´B´ ~´m˙´~´
ˆ´¯ˆÊ F´vqv\” ©´©´≥Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„î , n©´”≠˙ÊÚ~„ Õˆ´¸w ƒ´”˙´”Ú V¨„Xt·∑´ Ù§Ês„@”
Individual Learning Policy Team ©´ ©Ê@”ˆ´ John Seymour.∏¨´§Êƒ´fi„∑„X´∑Ê∑´Ó„·ˆÊ¨´ ©´˚´ƒ´ªˆ„∑´´” ©´ƒ´”Z¯˘ ∏Ì ƒÊfl
Ó„·~´”[U‚ƒ„. zʧ„∑´X Õˆ´¸wˆ´Xy ≥´m∏m◊|ߨ´m˙„
Ù¨´” ≥´˙´t. ~Ê@”§W ≥„X≥„U ±iFW ±MW√Œ~Ê@”§W ≥„X≥„U ±iFW ±MW√Œ~Ê@”§W ≥„X≥„U ±iFW ±MW√Œ~Ê@”§W ≥„X≥„U ±iFW ±MW√Œ~Ê@”§W ≥„X≥„U ±iFW ±MW√Œ
F´vˆ´Uß~´”ƒ´ “Redefining Schooling”nm∏
›´›ÊŒ F´v∏m◊¨´ ¨´¯˘ ì î “zʧ„@”¯˘ “©„§Ê˘
ˆ´¯≥´§Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„X· ^¨´” Õˆ´¸w. ±¨´~„ ƒ´”ˆ´y´”
zʧ„∑„ ∏~´”ƒÊ∑´ B„X~´fl©´ ©´”¥Ó´ƒ´ ∑´´©´”≠ zʧÊ
F´‘≥´~´¨„X´∑„ ˙´~´”˙´Úƒ„. ± zʧ„@” B„X~´fl©´
^©´”¥Ó´ƒ´∑´´©´”≠ ≥´ƒ´”S ´ŒƒÊfl zʧ„@” F Ô~´t¨´ º„X˙„
∏´ßˆ„X´” ƒ´ Õˆ´¸ˆ´~´” _m¶˙´ @”z´ßx@G∑´”˙ÊÚ~„. F´v≥´”Ú˙´ m˙´B´ Õˆ´¸ˆ´~´” n¯˘?
F Ô~´tF´I≥´Úˆ´¨´ B„X~´fl©´ ©´”¥Ó´ƒ´∑´´©´”≠ B„·´Ì” ƒ´‘∑„ ƒ´ˆÊz´ ·˚´§Êfl¨„\”·?î î “nm∏ σ´~´∑´´” ^¨´~´¯˘ƒ„.
Ùm∑„˘m¶©´¯˘ Ù˛Ú·›„∑„ ©´˚„≥´§Ê¨´ ≥´Ï”·ˆ„¸\Xm¨´~´ F´vˆÊ~´ 83% L©´ ì
`~´m˙´~´ ˆ´¯ˆ„ ƒ´””m|©´ z´˙´ƒ´G©´¨´ ^˙´tƒ´”XÌt ±ßÚ@G∑´¯¨„ nm∏”¨Êfl
˛ªß¨´~„, 72% L©´~´ F´vˆÊ~´ ƒ„@”qÚˆ´ Ó„´ƒ´]∑„∑„ Ù¨´” ^∑´˙´tƒÊfl~´”ƒ´I¨´‘m¨´
Ù¨´ˆÊyfl B„›´”– ≥´ƒ´”@” Ï”·≥´¯˚´Ó„·ˆ´” nm¨´” B„·ª¨Ê¤~„. Bill Kirkman^ƒ´~´ F´vˆÊ~´ ”ºÊÛ©ÊLŒ©„ ƒ´”˙´”Ú ^¨´~´ ≥´Xˆ´Ú BÊ∑´X F´‘fiʃ´”ˆÊ‘· ∏´ˆ„
∏¨´§Ê∑´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ ≥´ƒ´GL¨´ ˙´t∑´˙´t mz´. ~´m˙´~´ ´¯ˆÊ ›´´ƒ´ª, ºÊÛ©ÊLŒ©„@”
F´vqv\” ƒ´””m|©´ z´˙´ƒ´G©´¨´¯˘ @”z´ß√∑„ q·¯ˆ„.”îî
L©´ ºÊÛ©ÊLŒ©„∑„ ë `·˚´”˛Ú~´”ƒ´ ƒ´”B´˙´x `Lˆ´Xy zÊ˘Jë `·@”.
^¨´~„XU‚∑„· ^ƒ´~´” ºÊÛ©´¨´ ÏÏ◊¨´ ±ˆ´~´∑´´˙´Ú, ºÊÛ©´°·Ô~´∑´´˙´Ú, Ϩ„t
¨„X~„@””ƒ´ ÏÏ◊¨´ ˆ„¸·˙´v∑´´˙´ÚÌX ≥´Xˆ´Ú∑´ƒ´”©´ ë `·˚´Ó„·ˆÊfl¨„. zʧ„,
Ïz´xϨÊtÌ@”, ∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”∑´´¯˘ ºÊÛ©´ „X~„@””˙´Ú¨„ nm∏”¨´” nÌ˘~´ ©´m[ˆ„.
qv·˚Ê ˆ„·m¨´v∑´´”, ƒ´”Xtß@”m∑´´”, Ùm¿~W ©„MW, ƒ´…˙´ÚF´˛vˆ„, ƒ´”˛Ú˙´~„
ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´X ˆ´X˚´ ©´ƒ´”∑„ zʧ„@”¯˘ ˆ´¯˙´¨´¤qym˙´ B„p–©´¨´©´”≠ ˆ´¯≥´”˙´Úƒ„.
^m˙„\”· ƒÊtFÊ‘ ≥´mq·wŒ ∑´´”, ~„Ì”∑´´”, ~„Ì”ë `§Ê¤w∑´´”, ~„≥„X‚·~Ê ∑´´”,
F´ÓW∑´´X ˆ´X˚´. ≥ʃ´ŒL`ˆ´ e·ƒ´©´¨´ ∏B´”ƒ´””_t ^m∑´ ≥´ƒ´GL, ≥´¥Ó„,
≥´ƒ´G~´m¥Ó´∑´´”, Ù˙Êt| ˆ´X˚´ ©´ƒ´”∑„ B´ÌƒÊ~´” Ï∆F´@”∑´´©´”≠ ˆ´¯≥´”˙´Úƒ„.
ˆ´¯@””ƒ´ ƒ´”©´≥´”√ ƒ´‘∑„ ≥´m „@G ´~„·©´”, zʧ„@G ´~„·©´”, ∑´vmS ÊÌ@”ƒÊ ´~„·©´”,
^ƒ´~´” n¯˘ ´¤~´X ´ @””˙ÊÚ~„! ´ @””ƒ´ B´m∏̃I´ ƒ´‘∑„ nm „m|∑´X ≥„X·¯Ì˘!
‡ ë `~´m˙´~´ ´¯ˆÊ ›´´ƒ´ª@” ◊ „t·@”ƒÊˆ´t î “ ´ „ nÌ˘ ´ „@”X ±∑´” ´Ú „.
@GƒÊ∑´ÌX ©Êƒ I ´ @”” ´Ú§„· Ù~´” „Ú·ƒ„. ©„· ´ ƒ„·„ ©´ƒ´”∑„ ∑„X „Ú· ±∑´ ´m „@”X
´ @”” ´Ú§„· Ù~´” „Ú·ƒ„.î “ î (Learning is everywhere. We do it all the time,often without realising.)
ë `~´m˙´~´ ˆ´¯ˆÊ ›´´ƒ´ª@” ›´›„Œ@”¯˘
¥ÓÊ∑´ƒ´˜ß¨´ƒ´~´ ^¥[FÊv@”ƒ´©´”≠ ˜·∑„ ≥´m∑´v˜ß
B„·´∏B´”¨´” ÆÆ ˆ´¯ˆ„@” B„X≥´ ≥Ê◊¨´t˙„∑´´”ˆ´¯ˆ„@” B„X≥´ ≥Ê◊¨´t˙„∑´´”ˆ´¯ˆ„@” B„X≥´ ≥Ê◊¨´t˙„∑´´”ˆ´¯ˆ„@” B„X≥´ ≥Ê◊¨´t˙„∑´´”ˆ´¯ˆ„@” B„X≥´ ≥Ê◊¨´t˙„∑´´”
ƒ´”˙´”Ú B„X≥´ ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´ ^∑´˙´t Ùm¨´”ƒ´”˙´”Ú B„X≥´ ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´ ^∑´˙´t Ùm¨´”ƒ´”˙´”Ú B„X≥´ ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´ ^∑´˙´t Ùm¨´”ƒ´”˙´”Ú B„X≥´ ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´ ^∑´˙´t Ùm¨´”ƒ´”˙´”Ú B„X≥´ ƒ´G◊¨´tƒ´”∑´´ ^∑´˙´t Ùm¨´”
B „›Ê –fl¨ „ .B „›Ê –fl¨ „ .B „›Ê –fl¨ „ .B „›Ê –fl¨ „ .B „›Ê –fl¨ „ . ”ºÊÛ© ´ƒ ´ I n§„ ˘˚ „≈”m¨´ºÊÛ© ´ƒ ´ I n§„ ˘˚ „≈”m¨´ºÊÛ© ´ƒ ´ I n§„ ˘˚ „≈”m¨´ºÊÛ© ´ƒ ´ I n§„ ˘˚ „≈”m¨´ºÊÛ© ´ƒ ´ I n§„ ˘˚ „≈”m¨´
©´ƒ„”Z˚„∑„ B´‘¨´” ∏~´¯©´ƒ„”Z˚„∑„ B´‘¨´” ∏~´¯©´ƒ„”Z˚„∑„ B´‘¨´” ∏~´¯©´ƒ„”Z˚„∑„ B´‘¨´” ∏~´¯©´ƒ„”Z˚„∑„ B´‘¨´” ∏~´¯ ”nm∏ VF´ ∆F´˙W ƒÊˆ´t
Ù¯˘ F´v≥´”Ú˙´ ˆ´X˚´. `·ƒ„·©´m˛·‘ ?
©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book 23 24 ©Ê„@” F´I≥´Úˆ´ e-book
B„X·ƒ´hWƒ´ˆWŒ∑„Xm¨´” ƒ„ÓW≥„MWB„X·ƒ´hWƒ´ˆWŒ∑„Xm¨´” ƒ„ÓW≥„MWB„X·ƒ´hWƒ´ˆWŒ∑„Xm¨´” ƒ„ÓW≥„MWB„X·ƒ´hWƒ´ˆWŒ∑„Xm¨´” ƒ„ÓW≥„MWB„X·ƒ´hWƒ´ˆWŒ∑„Xm¨´” ƒ„ÓW≥„MW
´mF´«t¿~W „ · ´v Ï≥´Ú‘ß ´m „ Õ ´ w „ · ´v ´Xy ´mF´«t¿~W um ´” ƒ´~´ƒÊfl
∏m|~´”ƒ´ ∏∑„∫ ‡∑Ê∑´§„· ©„X·¶ „¤·ƒ„. Ïz´x¨Ê ´tm ´ Ï≥´Ú‘ß~´”ƒ´ ƒ´G˜˛ m ´ºÊŒÌ
(Internet) ¨´¯˘ ©´ƒ´”∑„ Ó„·ˆ„m¨´ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ Ó„·ˆ„m¨´ ˆ´¸w¨´¯˘ ˙´‘߈„Xm˚´”
∏´ß „X´” ƒ´ ≥EÌ¥Ó´tÏ „. ‡ ≥EÌ¥Ó´t „·ƒ´Ì FEv‹ ´ ◊ ´t©´ „y ƒ´G ´v Ï”·≥´§ÊflÌ˘
FÊvS ´Ï” ´ zʧ„≈”m ´ ±~´m¥[ß V©´≠ ´Õ ´ w ƒ´tƒ´≥„a@” n§Ê˘ ≥´Ú~´∑´ª∑´X Ï≥´Ú‘ß „.
^m˙´B´ um¨´” Ù˛Ú·p©´ V¨ÊB´~´fi„ ƒ´”ˆ´yª∑„ B„X·ƒ´hW ƒ´ˆWŒ ƒ´G˚´Ì”
≥´BÊ@”ƒ´G ´”ƒ´ ƒ„ÓW≥„MW www.homeworkheaven.com‡ ƒ„ÓW ≥„MW©´ ˘ um ´‘m ´ ±~´©„· ´~´∑´ @” ϨÊtS|Œ∑´ª∑„ Ï”·≥´§Êfl~´”ƒ´
B„X·mƒ´ WŒ ≥„m¿v§W LXt`@”~W (Homework Central Junior) Ï¥ÓÊ∑´ƒ´«,
ƒ´G◊¨´tÏ”ˆ´ ƒ´”˙´”Ú FEv‹˚´zÊ§Ê Ï¨ÊtS|Œ∑´ª∑Êfl Ù~´”ƒ´ B„X·mƒ´ˆWŒ ≥„m¿v§W
(Homework Central) ƒ´” ´”Ú ˆÊ§„·L” ϨÊtS|Œ∑´´ BÊ∑´X ≥´mz„X·◊ ´©ÊS|Œ∑´´
≥´BÊ@”ˆÊyfl\”· ߨ´HÏ~´”ƒ´ n©W≥„ˆ„X˘°·¶@G ≥„m¿v§W (EncyclopaediaCentral) nm∏ ƒ´”X~´” Ï¥ÓÊ∑´∑´ªƒ„.
B„X·mƒ´ˆWŒ ≥„m¿v§W LXt`@”~W (Homework Central Junior)Ï¥ÓÊ∑´¨´¯˘ ≥´ƒ´GLϺÊÛ©´, ƒ´G©´ƒ´zÊ≥´Ò, _∑„X·´ÏºÊÛ©´, ÓÊBÊtm˙´‘·ˆ´¸
›´¿”ƒ´Uˆ„∑´´”, e·ƒ´zÊ≥´Ò, ≥´ƒ´G©´tϺÊÛ©´, B´ƒÊƒ´G©´, ¥ÓÊ∆F„, ˆ´§„∑´´”,
F´vF´m›´ ´ÏÏ◊ ´ ¥ÓÊ∆F„∑´´” ƒ´” ´”Ú F´vF´m›´ Ê ´tm ´ ©´ „@””ƒ´ F´v›´ ´ Ï ´tƒ´G©´∑´´
´”‘˙Ê ´ ÏFŸÌ ƒ´G˜˛, F„π·M„X·∑´´” Ì¥Ó´tσ„. ‡ n§Ê˘ ƒ´G˜˛@”©´”≠ ±flm¨Ê∑„∫
©´Ï· ´‘ß, B„X≥´ Ï∆F´@”∑´ª ´¤~„ ≥„·‘ß F´v≥´”Ú ´∑„Xª≥´§Ê∑´” ´Ú „.
ƒ´G◊ tÏ” ´ ƒ´” ´”Ú FEv‹ ´zÊ§Ê Ï¨ÊtS|Œ∑´ª∑Êfl Ù~´”ƒ´ B„X·mƒ´ˆWŒ ≥„m¿v§W
(Homework Central) Ï¥ÓÊ∑´¨´¯˘ ƒ„”·§„ B„·ª~´”ƒ´ n§Ê˘ Ï∆F´@”∑´´ ∏∑„∫
FEv‹˚´ ^¥ÓÊt≥´ˆÊyfl Ó„·ˆÊ∑´”ƒ´ B„p–©´
σ´~´∑´ª¨´”¤ º„X˙„∑„ ˙´m˙´vºÊÛ©´, ~ÊL`·˛,
FE~´`·˛ Ù˙Êt| Ï∆F´@”∑´´” ≥„·F´Œ˚„@Gflƒ„.
Ù¨´~„XU‚∑„· Ù~´”ƒ´ F´~ʃ´”z´Œ©´ Ï¥ÓÊ∑´
^˙´”t˙´Úƒ´”ƒ„m¨´” B„≥´~Êfl¨„. Ù¯˘ FÊv›´tƒ´≥´”Ú
≥´m∑´vBÊÌ@”, ƒ´≥´”Ú ≥´m∑´vBÊÌ@”,
∑´vmS¨ÊÌ@”, F´¨´ˆ„X·z´∑´´”, Ïz´xˆ„X·z´∑´´”,
≥´ƒ´G© S ´Œˆ´ BÊ∑´X Ï~´”¨ÊHS ´Œˆ´ F´ ´ „X·z´∑´´”,
¥¥Ó´XF´¿∑´´”, ≥´XqÚ∑´´”, F´vß ´H~´ B„·ª „∑´´ ≥´m∑´vB´∑´´” Ù˙Êt| ƒ´G˜˛ ÏFŸÌƒÊfl „.
Ùƒ´I∑´´¯˘©´ ˆ„̃´I Ï¥ÓÊ∑´∑´´” ˆ„·ªÆB„·ªÆ˛ª (Interacive) ƒ´G¨´‘@”, ∏”|H∑„
´≥´~´ ´”Ú `· ´”ƒ´ Ï∆F´@”∑´Êflƒ„. ˆÊ§„·L” ϨÊtS|Œ∑´´ BÊ∑´X ≥´mz„X·◊ ´©ÊS|Œ∑´´
≥´BÊ@”ˆÊyfl\”· ߨ´HÏ~´”ƒ´ Encyclopaedia Central©´¯˘ Ïz´xˆ„X·z´¨´
Ï≥ÊÚ~´ „@””´ ƒ´G˜˛@” ≥Ê∑´~´ƒ„·Ù „.
ϨÊtS|Œ∑´ª∑„ @Gƒ´I¨Ê¨´~´X Ï∆F´@” ^S¨´ŒƒÊ∑´¨„· B„X·¨´¯˘ ^¨´ˆÊyfl
Ï”·≥´¯~´”ƒ´ ÓʈW√©´¯˘ Ùm˙´B´ Ï∆F´@” ´”‘˙´” ƒ´G˜˛ Ó„·ˆ´” nm¨´” ©´ƒ´”X|ߨ´~„
≥ʈ´”, ≥ʈ´∆F´”‚ ƒ´G˜˛ ´X˚´§„· σ´~´∑´„Xm|∑„ F´~´¨„@” ƒ„”·§„ BÊL~Ê∑´”˙´Ú¨„.
^¨´X ˆ´X˚´ ^S¨´ŒƒÊ∑´¯Ì˘ nm¨´”ˆ„Xª , ±∑´ ± Ï∆F´@” ˆ´”‘˙´m˙„ B„p–©´
ƒ´G˜˛∑Êfl Ï∆F´@” ˙´LÛ~´ ≥´ÌB„ F´˚„@””ƒ´m˙„ ≥´X›´©„ ∏~´”˙´Ú¨„ (Stumped!Consult an expert)..... ‡ ‘·˛@” ≥´ƒ´”≥„t∑´ª∑„ F´‘BÊ~´ ≥´Xp≥´§„m¨„·
F´‘w˙´~´”, Ï∆F´@” ˙´LÛ~´”∑´´” B„·~´´ƒÊfl Ì¥Ó´tϨʤ~„ ‡ ƒ„ÓW≥„MW©´¯˘.
˙´m¨„Æ˙Ê≈”@”‘∑„, ϨÊtS|Œ∑´ª∑„ ƒ´G˙´vƒ´Ì˘¨„ zÊ§Ê ˆÊ§„·L”∑´´
ƒ´””_t≥´a‘∑„, Õˆ´¸ˆ´‘∑„ ‡ ƒ´G˜˛ ºÊÌ B´ÌƒÊ~´” ‘·˛@”¯˘ ≥´BÊ@” ƒ´G˚´”˛Ú¨„
.ϨÊtS|Œ∑´ª∑„ Ì¥Ó´tƒÊ∑´”ƒ´ ≥ÊyÌ~WÕFW, i°v·ÕFW, F´vz´ßÚ∑´´”, ≥´N◊ „Œ∑´´”, ≥´N◊ ÊŒ ´Z ´
F´‘· „ ∑´´”, V „Xt·∑´ ƒ´G˜˛ Ù˙Êt|∑´´©´”≠ ‡ ƒ´G˜˛ ºÊÌ|m ´ F´ „@”∏B´” ´”.
¥Ó´Ï∆F´t e·ƒ´©´ ~´X°ßˆ„X´” ƒ´¯˘, ƒ´tqÚ˙´x ψÊ≥´∑„Xªßˆ„X´” ƒ´¯˘ ‡ ƒ„ÓW≥„MW©´
ƒ´G≥´‚~W∑„˚W ©´ƒ´”∑„ ∑„˚W (ƒ´G∑´Œ ´z´Œ©´) ƒ´G˚ÊÚ~´m „ ! ∏`≠‘, ∏´ß „X„X ·w.
ˆ„X©„ B´` :ˆ„X©„ B´` :ˆ„X©„ B´` :ˆ„X©„ B´` :ˆ„X©„ B´` : fl©„≠≥W ∏”ˆWfl©„≠≥W ∏”ˆWfl©„≠≥W ∏”ˆWfl©„≠≥W ∏”ˆWfl©„≠≥W ∏”ˆW ©´¯˘©´ ¨Ê_§„∑´´ F´vˆÊ~´ Ïz´x¨´ ^˛ ¨„X˚´d F´I≥´Úˆ´
| ≥´XF´~W ∏”ˆW.| ≥´XF´~W ∏”ˆW.| ≥´XF´~W ∏”ˆW.| ≥´XF´~W ∏”ˆW.| ≥´XF´~W ∏”ˆW. Ù¨„Xm¨´” ≥´m¨´z´Œˆ´~´ sʯ F´I≥´Úˆ´ƒÊfl¨´”¤ Ù¨´~´ ∑Ê˙´v
2.74Ï”· x 3.07 Ï”· ( 9 ^¶ x 10^¶ 2 l Ùm›´” )^´ „@” 252.6 „.e. (557
FEm ´”) ´X ´Ï „. 300 F I¿∑´´ ‡ FI≥´Ú ´ƒ´©´”≠ Ωk<Í~´ ˘ ƒ„”·‘ˆÊ ´ „XÌ~´ „X·
~ÊLt ´ „©Wƒ´~W©´ ˘ F´v ´U≥´§Ê@””Ú. ·ƒI Î|Ú·~´§Ê˘, ƒ´Gƒ´”XÌ” F Ô~ tFI≥´Ú ´, ´~´
≥´”ƒ´G~´” øØØ F´¿”‚ „X ´d F I≥´Ú ´ Ù ´”!
ΧWd qm∑W ˆ„X·§WΧWd qm∑W ˆ„X·§WΧWd qm∑W ˆ„X·§WΧWd qm∑W ˆ„X·§WΧWd qm∑W ˆ„X·§W nm∏ ƒ´”ˆ´y´ ˆ´S¨„
ƒ´””|v˙´ƒÊfl~´”ƒ´ 1 x 1 Ï”¯Ï”·¿~W ∑Ê˙´v¨´
F´I≥´Úˆ´ Ïz´x¨´ ^˙´tm˙´ pˆ´y¨Ê¨´ F´I≥´Úˆ´. [v¿`≠©´
≥ÊÛWˆ„˘˚W©´ F„≥„˘@” ∑„˘`≠iF´~W F„v≥W©´ƒ´~´”
Ωk>D~´ ƒ´G›WŒ©´¯˘ Ù¨´~´ ˆ„·ƒ´Ì >D
F´v˛∑´´©´”≠ ƒ´””|vߨ´~´”. Ù¨´~´ BÊ„∑´´©´”≠
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