PROF.DR.NAZ.M.ATABAYDEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRYFATIH UNIVERSITY

Ebola virus disease (EVD)

M.Sc. student : Nabeel.B.Azeez

OUTLINES• WHAT IS EBOLA ?

• HISTORY

• TRANSMISSION

• SYMPTOMS

• VIROLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS

• TREATMENTS AND VACCINES

• FACTS ABOUT DISEASE

• REFRENCES

What is EBOLA

Ebola virus disease (formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a type of virus that passes from wild animals to humans during contact, including hunting,handling, cooking and eating undercooked meat. The Ebola virus kills up to nine out of ten of the people who get infected, and as of yet there is no cure. Medical care can only help alleviate the suffering.Although Ebola is quite deadly .

What is EBOLA

1- The virus was detected in carcasses of gorillas, chimpanzees, and duikers, although their high mortality rate makes them unlikely to be natural reservoirs

2- The Best candidate to be another reservoir Which do not show any symptoms is :_

FRUIT BATS

HISTORY

• Ebola first appeared in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks :_

1- near Ebola river in the democratic republic of Congo .

2- A remote area of Sudan

• In 1989 the disease was discovered in reston in group of monkeys which imported from Philippines

TRANSMISSION• Direct contact (through

broken skin or mucous membranes) with

• a sick person's blood or body fluids (urine, saliva, faeces, vomit, semen)

• objects (such as needles) that have been contaminated with infected body fluids

• infected animals

• High risk groups – bush meat hunters, forest dwellers, health workers, relatives of patients, funeral attendees, corpse handlers, lab personnel

SYMPTOMS EXPOSURE & INCUBATION Symptoms typically begin 4-9 days after exposure ,Though incubation may last for up to 21 days

COURSE OF ILLNESSUsually lasts between 6-10 days •Days 1-3 in the first few days of illness patients have flu , like symptoms and profound weakness . • Days 4-7 around this period patients may also have vomiting ,nausea , diarrhea , low blood pressure , headache and anemia . •Days 7-10 toward the end of illness , there is confusion and bleeding both internal and visible all of this progress toward coma , shock and finally

Death

VIROLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS

Structure of Ebola genome and proteins• Transcribed into 8 sub-genomic

mRNA proteins: 7 structural and 1 nonstructural

• 7 structural proteins:• nucleoprotein (NP)• 4 viral/virion proteins (VP35, VP40,

VP30, VP24)• glycoprotein (GP)• RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L

protein)• NP, VP35, VP30, L protein:

required for transcription & replication

• VP40, GP, VP24: associated with the membrane

Genome has 7 genes:NP, VP35, VP40, GP, VP30, VP24, and L

5 different strains• E. Sudan

• E. Zaire

• E. Ivory Coast• Only one confirmed case

• E. Reston• Non pathogenic to

humans

• E. Bundibugyo

VIRUS STRAINS

TREATMENT AND VACCINES

• Supportive care – rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids and treatment of Specific symptoms improves survival . There is as yet no proven treatment available for EVD . However a range of potential treatment including blood product , immune therapies and drug therapies are currently evaluated . No licensed vaccines are available yet . But two potential vaccines are under going human safety testing .

• Convalescent Serum/Plasma transfusion

• Experimental Drugs via Compassionate Use

• Polymerase inhibitor

• Monoclonal antibodies

FACTS ABOUT EBOLA

• Ebola is an new and emerging infection

• Ability to cause large outbreaks with high casualty

• Lack of effective treatment and vaccine

• Delayed international response and funding problems

• West Africa could face up to 10,000 new Ebola cases a week within two month , WHO warned Tuesday 14th of October 2014 . Adding that the death of rate in the current outbreak has risen 70% .

• Dr Bruce Alwarad WHO assistance director general said “now the 70 percent death rate was a high mortality disease and if the world’s response to the ebola crisis isn't stepped out a lot more people will die and there will be a huge need to deal with the spiralling number of cases

How contagious is Ebola?

Total: 9216cases:4555 deaths

-------------------Liberia:

3834cases;2069deathsSierra Leone: 2437 cases;

623 deathsGuinea: 1199cases;735

deathsNigeria: 20 cases; 8 deaths

Senegal: 1 case-------------------

United States: 3 case

In the last 4 weeks, there has been exponential growth of cases in this devastating outbreak that has created urgency for immediate action.

REFERENCES

• World Health Organization 2014 WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 ,Geneva 27, Switzerland, bookorders@who.int).• Centers for Disease Control And

Prevention,CDC,www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola• The new England journal o f medicine, 11 oct 2014 , N Engl J Med

2014;371:1418-25. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1404505, Copyright © 2014 Massachusetts

Medical Society• Ebola and Marburg virus disease epidemics: preparedness, alert,

control, and evaluation , Geneva, Switzerland , August 2014 , Published paper • http://africacheck.org/factsheets/factsheet-what-is-ebola/• globalebolatherapeuticsvaccinesmarketpipelineanalysisdrugsvaccin

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