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155 [Dutch Birding 27: 155-170, 2005] Birding in Syria – little-known destination in the Western Palearctic Remco Hofland & Bert Saveyn yria has a lot to offer to birders – especially to those interested in both Western Paleartic (WP) birding and ancient cultural sites. Although few birders have visited the country so far, these few visits resulted in some unexpected observa- tions. A recent expedition in January-February 2004 (hereafter referred to as the ‘2004 winter expedition’, Murdoch et al 2004) shows that Syria not only has internationally important bree- ding birds but also is home to large numbers of wintering waterfowl. For birders keeping a WP list, Syria, being readily accessible unlike Iraq, has two WP spe- cialities on offer: White-cheeked Bulbul Pycno- notus leucogenys and Iraq Babbler Turdoides altirostris, along with the last remaining wild birds of the eastern population of Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita. In addition, some of the isabelline shrikes Lanius found wintering may prove to be Chinese Shrikes L arenarius, a taxon breeding locally in western China and of which the wintering quarters are not fully known (iden- tification of these shrikes remains tentative, see below). However, the country has much more to offer: a desert avifauna that equals the ones of Egypt and Israel (including Dunn’s Lark Eremalauda dunni and Thick-billed Lark Ram- phocoris clotbey); a riverine habitat that hosts large numbers of wintering waterfowl including internationally important numbers of Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca, Pygmy Cormorant Phala- crocorax pygmeus and Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga; a great potential for migrant song- birds in the oases of the south-eastern desert; a number of good (WP) species, such as Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus, Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus, Upcher’s Warbler Hippolais languida, Scrub Warbler Scotocerca S 196 Desert near Palmyra, Syria, winter 2003/04 (Gianluca Serra)

Transcript of Eastern Black Redstarts at IJmuiden, the Netherlands, and on ...

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155[Dutch Birding 27: 155-170, 2005]

Birding in Syria – little-knowndestination in the Western Palearctic

Remco Hofland & Bert Saveyn

yria has a lot to offer to birders – especially tothose interested in both Western Paleartic

(WP) birding and ancient cultural sites. Althoughfew birders have visited the country so far, thesefew visits resulted in some unexpected observa-tions. A recent expedition in January-February2004 (hereafter referred to as the ‘2004 winterexpedition’, Murdoch et al 2004) shows thatSyria not only has internationally important bree-ding birds but also is home to large numbers ofwintering waterfowl.

For birders keeping a WP list, Syria, beingreadily accessible unlike Iraq, has two WP spe-cialities on offer: White-cheeked Bulbul Pycno-notus leucogenys and Iraq Babbler Turdoidesaltirostris, along with the last remaining wildbirds of the eastern population of Northern BaldIbis Geronticus eremita. In addition, some of theisabelline shrikes Lanius found wintering may

prove to be Chinese Shrikes L arenarius, a taxonbreeding locally in western China and of whichthe wintering quarters are not fully known (iden-tification of these shrikes remains tentative, seebelow). However, the country has much more tooffer: a desert avifauna that equals the ones ofEgypt and Israel (including Dunn’s LarkEremalauda dunni and Thick-billed Lark Ram-phocoris clotbey); a riverine habitat that hostslarge numbers of wintering waterfowl includinginternationally important numbers of FerruginousDuck Aythya nyroca, Pygmy Cormorant Phala-crocorax pygmeus and Greater Spotted EagleAquila clanga; a great potential for migrant song-birds in the oases of the south-eastern desert; anumber of good (WP) species, such as BlackFrancolin Francolinus francolinus, Blue-cheekedBee-eater Merops persicus, Upcher’s WarblerHippolais languida, Scrub Warbler Scotocerca

S

196 Desert near Palmyra, Syria, winter 2003/04 (Gianluca Serra)

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inquieta, Chestnut-shouldered Petronia Gymno-ris xanthocollis and Syrian Serin Serinus syriacus;and the potential to equal Israel’s soaring-birdnumbers (storks and birds of prey) during migra-tion over the western mountains.

General informationThe Syrian Arab Republic is a medium-sizedcountry situated in the heart of the Middle East,just north of the Arabian peninsula. It measures185 180 km2, which is about half the size ofItaly, and is bordered by (clockwise from thenorth) Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Israel and Lebanon.The main geographical features are a small seriesof mountain ranges in the west, and a large openarea to the east, which is crossed by theEuphrates river basin. The east has its occasionalsmall mountain ranges, with peaks reaching 800m; c 45% is considered to be arable land, mostof which is found in the west, around the largerreservoirs in the Euphrates and Khabur rivers andwithin 5 km either side of the Euphrates. Duringthe past 15 years, vast areas of the northern step-pes have been converted to arable land, mostlyproducing cotton, while the western areas main-ly produce fruit, olives and tobacco. In addition,oil fields are being exploited in the north-east.The population stood at over 18 million in 2002,with urban population still on the increase.

The three prime natural habitats are small-scale wetland vegetation along the Euphrates andits old oxbow lakes, mountainous habitat rangingfrom Mediterranean garigue scrub and olive groves to fir and spruce forests (found in thewest) and (mostly stone) desert in the south-east.Much of the original steppe vegetation hasdisappeared, although a few small reserves areinstated and small patches of original steppe maystill be found. The creation of large reservoirs inthe Euphrates and Khabur has added anothertype of ‘natural’ habitat – that of large areas ofopen water, where large numbers of waterfowlare found in winter.

People may be put off in going to Syria be-cause of the current political situation in neigh-bouring countries. However, the country is verysafe and is inhabited by hospitable and friendlypeople. Petty crime is virtually non-existent and,so far, there have been no major terrorist attacks.

Cultural sitesSyria is not a country for a family holiday. It lacksa good beach, whereas swimming pools ortheme parks are not common either. However, ifone is contemplating a trip with spouse or (non-

birding) friend(s), know that it is one of theworld’s richest countries in archeology. Any visi-tor should consider visiting the cities ofDamascus and Aleppo, Byzantine Resafah andthe famous Crac des Chevaliers – the largestcrusader castle in the Middle East (with 20 BlueRock Thrushes Monticola solitarius and passingBlack Storks Ciconia nigra, Lesser Spotted EaglesA pomarina, Short-toed Eagles Circaetus gallicusand Levant Sparrowhawks Accipiter brevipes ona single day in September 2002). Saladin’sCastle, Roman Apameia, Hellenistic DouraEuropos, the amphitheatre at Bosra and Hamaare also highly recommended.

When to goWhite-cheeked Bulbul and Iraq Babbler are residents and can be found any time of year.Northern Bald Ibis, however, only occursbetween late-February and mid-July. A visitbetween December and February should pro-duce large numbers of wintering waterfowl,flocks of larks, as well as Pallid Harrier Circusmacrourus, Greater Spotted Eagle and isabellineshrikes. April may be even better, since Blue-cheeked Bee-eaters are likely to be found andthe array of species on migration is much larger – including all of the ‘winter’ birds. Likewise, avisit in September would probably producemany migrants and good concentrations ofsoaring birds on their way south.

Main temperatures in winter can vary betweenheavy snowfall, gale force winds and conse-quently wind chill feeling like well below zero inthe north, with bright sunshine and temperaturesof up to 25° C in the west and south. Summer isinvariably hot, with temperatures ranging from30 to 45° C. The western mountains can be morecomfortable then, with lower temperatures andoccasional rain.

TransportSyria is served by the main international airlinecompanies, with weekly flights between forinstance Amsterdam and Damascus by, eg, AirFrance-KLM (around EUR 400.00 for a return ticket). In addition, Syrian Arab Airlines offerstwice-weekly flights from Amsterdam to bothDamascus and Aleppo, for EUR 325.00 (return).

As Syria is a cheap country, independent birders can choose between car rental (four-wheel drive vehicle or saloon car) and publictransport with an occasional taxi. All major bird-ing sites can be reached with saloon car, theexception being the Hamad desert south-east of

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Palmyra, where only few tarmac roads exist. Themain cities Damascus, Aleppo, Homs (connectedby highway), Deir ez-Zor and Palmyra are allconnected by good roads and public transport,so a circular itinerary, taking in the most impor-tant birding sites of Sabkhat al-Jabbul (fromAleppo), Euphrates basin (from Ar-Raqqa andDeir ez-Zor), Deir ez-Zor, Palmyra (includingHamad) and the Anti-Lebanon mountains (nearDamascus) is much recommended. This itinerarycan be expanded, according to available timeand your wishlist, with visits to north-easternSyria, the southern deserts and/or the westernmountains.

TransTour four-wheel drive vehicles were usedin the 2004 winter expedition. As well as beingrobust, their vehicles have steel plates on topenabling birders to scan water bodies whilestanding on top of their car, a must in Syria sincethe reeds can grow up to 6 m high!

Modern air-conditioned buses connect majorcities, including Deir ez-Zor and Palmyra, withold but interesting-looking Pullman-buses servingsmaller towns on a regular basis. As few Syrianshave their own transportation, ‘dolmuses’ (sharedtaxi vans) serve even the smallest of villages.

It is quite easy to cross into Syria from, eg,Turkey or Jordan, especially if a visa has beenarranged well in advance. Rental cars are unlike-ly to be allowed to cross the Syrian border. In1994, it was possible to take a bus from Istanbul,Turkey, to Aleppo, which took c 15 h (includingthe border crossing).

AccommodationThe main cities all have good hotels, where adouble room costs c EUR 20 a night. Hotels arefound in a wide range of prices. Camp sites arenon-existent but given the people’s hospitality itshould be possible to camp almost anywhere(with the obvious exception of anywhere nearmilitary presence). It is very likely, however, thatone will be invited to stay as a guest with thelocals. Members of the 2004 winter expeditionall slept in various houses in Jerablus villagenorth of Tishreen reservoir, upon inquiring aboutlodging with local villagers.

Main birding areasBelow, the main interesting birding areas are treated clockwise, starting from the north-west.

Euphrates basinThe entire Euphrates valley encompasses a 420km long stretch of river between Turkey and Iraq.

The biggest body of water is the artificial LakeAssad, a reservoir of 63 000 ha constructed inthe 1960s. Other interesting (artificial) lakesinclude Lake Tishreen, just south of the Turkishborder (constructed in the late 1990s), andBa’ath Lake, a shallow reservoir 10 km long justbelow the southern dam of Lake Assad. Besidesthese reservoirs, the meandering river has in thepast formed some small dead-end ponds andsmall lakes (‘oxbows’), of which over 30 arefound between Ar-Raqqa and the Iraqi border.These oxbows were censused during the 2004winter expedition.

One of the most remarkable finds of the 2004winter expedition was that Iraq Babbler turnedout to be common all along the Euphrates,occurring even within 15 km of the Turkish bor-der at the north-eastern corner of Lake Tishreen.Even in places with very little reed bordering theriver, this highly vocal species could be found asthe various simple trills that make up their songwere heard easily – small flocks were regularlyencountered as they were heard gnawing at thebase of the reed stems, or when flying from onereed bed to another. Note, however, that the spe-cies can be surprisingly hard to find in summer,since it is much more quiet then.

All along the river, typical species includePygmy Cormorant, Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis,Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis, EasternMoustached Warbler Acrocephalus melanopo-gon mimicus and Dead Sea Sparrow Passermoabiticus, whereas the ‘howeijat’ (riverine)forest, most commonly found on islands in theriver, typically holds Black Francolin and GreaterSpotted Eagle (the latter only in winter; c 12 wereseen here by the 2004 winter expedition).

During the 2004 winter expedition, over150 000 Eurasian Coots Fulica atra were count-ed, the second-most common waterbird beingCommon Pochard A ferina. Both FerruginousDuck and Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina werefound in flocks of several 100s. Armenian GullLarus armenicus was the most common gull,with several 1000s seen in a two-week trip;Pallas’s Gull L ichthyaetus occurred in smallernumbers (largest flock 21 in February 2004).Furthermore, Grey-headed Swamp-hen Porphy-rio poliocephalus caspius, Spur-winged LapwingVanellus spinosus, Eurasian Penduline Tit Remizpendulinus and Bearded Reedling Panurus biar-micus were found in several locations.

In summer, White-tailed Lapwing V leucurusbreeds in good numbers (arriving at the breedinggrounds in late February, with small numbers

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FIGURE 1 Map of Syria

present mid-winter) while Blue-cheeked Bee-eater is not uncommon along the river. Theoccurrence of Pallid Scops Owl Otus brucei as abreeding bird is likely, although the most recentbreeding record dates back to 1924. Ménétries’sWarbler Sylvia mystacea and Chestnut-shoulder-ed Petronia are likely to breed in areas with suitable habitat.

Lake Tishreen is a large reservoir in theEuphrates river that stretches from the Turkishborder to c 80 km southwards. Its western shoreis quite steep, whereas the eastern shore hassmall patches of reeds where species like BlackFrancolin and Iraq Babbler are found (breedingof the latter was confirmed in May 2005). Thelake holds 100s of Black-necked Grebe Podicepsnigricollis in winter, while the nearly 1400Pygmy Cormorants that flew out of their roost inFebruary 2004 and 2500 present in May 2005constitute internationally important numbers. A roost at the bridge near Jerablus held 190Black-crowned Night Herons Nycticorax nycti-corax. The steep sides of Lake Assad do not look

favourable for wintering wildfowl but 2000Whiskered Terns Chlidonias hybrida seen inJanuary 2004 are an internationally importantnumber. Ba’ath Lake is situated just west of Ar-Raqqa town and has good reed bed habitatwith extensive areas of wet grassland. This site isexcellent in winter for Red-crested Pochard andRed-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus. LesserKestrel Falco naumanni breeds on nearby cliffs.

The old Roman fortress of Halabbiyah is situ-ated halfway between Ar-Raqqa and Deir ez-Zorand is a good site for See-see PartridgeAmmoperdix griseogularis and Desert LarkAmmomanes deserti. Zalabbiyah, situated on theopposite, northern side of the Euphrates, is muchsmaller and much more ruined but still holds thelatter species as well as wintering Finsch’sWheatear Oenanthe finschii. In January andFebruary 2004, the Al Mustah salt fields, situatednear Halabbiyah, and a nearby oxbow held up to35 Eurasian Curlews Numenius arquata, someshowing features of the eastern subspecies N aorientalis. Other birds here included Marsh

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197 Lesser Kestrels / Kleine Torenvalken Falco naumanni, Palmyra, Syria, October 2002 (Mahmoud Scheisch Abdallah)

198 Northern Bald Ibises / Kaalkopibissen Geronticus eremita, near Palmyra, Syria, May 2002 (Gianluca Serra)

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199 Bonelli’s Eagle / Havikarend Hieraaetus fasciatus, Palmyra, Syria, September 2001 (Gianluca Serra)

200 Saker Falcon / Sakervalk Falco cherrug, Palmyra, Syria, November 2002 (Gianluca Serra)

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Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis, Pallas’s Gull andIraq Babbler.

Mheimideh is probably the most rewardingoxbow site along the Euphrates. Since its ‘dis-covery’ in June 1994 it has been visited by mostbirders visiting Syria, and all agree that the site isunique. It measures about 1x1 km and is foundon the northern side of the Euphrates, c 25 kmwest of Deir ez-Zor. The site is found in betweenthe villages of Mheimideh and Sfeira Tahtani,along the main road, but birds seem remarkablyundisturbed by grazing cattle or passers-by. Thelist of birds found at this site is quite long (espe-cially considering the fact that the site has onlybeen visited by birders about eight times), andincludes Marbled Duck Marmaronetta angusti-rostris, (breeding) Ferruginous Duck, White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala (22 wereseen with 35 Marbled Ducks in September2002), Black Francolin, Pygmy Cormorant, GreatBittern, Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus, CattleEgret Bubulcus ibis, Grey-headed Swamp-hen,Spur-winged Lapwing, White-tailed Lapwing,Slender-billed Gull L genei, Great SpottedCuckoo Clamator glandarius, Pied Kingfisher (50in February 2004), Blue-cheeked Bee-eater (com-mon in summer), Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citre-ola (present both in winter and in June 1994),Eastern Moustached Warbler, Iraq Babbler (com-mon), Lesser Grey Shrike L minor and isabellineshrike (Daurian Shrike L isabellinus and/orChinese Shrike).

The main reason for visiting Deir ez-Zor, apartfrom it being a good base to explore severalnearby Euphrates oxbow sites, is the occurrenceof White-cheeked Bulbul within the city limits.These birds have been found in the parks border-ing the river, near the (pedestrian) suspensionbridge, although in February 2004 they were(only) very apparent in the small palm gardenbordering the Hotel Al Saeed in the town centre.

The parks and university grounds north of theEuphrates have turned up Iraq Babbler in therecent past. This area should be good duringmigration (eg, for Little Crake Porzana parva) andChestnut-shouldered Petronia and Ménétries’s,Eastern Olivaceous Acrocephalus pallidus elaei-cus and Cetti’s Warblers Cettia cetti are common(the former two only in summer).

Further south down the river Euphrates,between Deir ez-Zor and the Iraqi border, severalpromising oxbows are found. The Al-Asharapool, next to the village by the same name, heldGrey-headed Swamp-hen, Little Crake, EasternMoustached Warbler and the first Clamorous

Reed Warbler A stentoreus for the SyrianEuphrates basin, in February 2004. The isabellineshrikes (resembling Chinese Shrike as well asTurkestan Shrike L phoenicuroides), SiberianStonechats Saxicola maurus (both nominate S mmaurus and Caspian Stonechat S m variegatus)and Common Stonechats S rubicola found heremake for an interesting morning for any taxono-mist – PSC or BSC. This oxbow is found c 40 kmsouth-east of Deir ez-Zor.

Large quantities of pellets found in Februaryindicated the occurrence of Pharaoh Eagle OwlBubo ascalaphus at Doura Europos, toweringhigh above the Euphrates. Other birds at thisHellenistic site included Pygmy Cormorant,Greater Spotted Eagle, Pallas’s Gull, Barn OwlTyto alba, Desert Little Owl Athene noctua lilith,Finsch’s Wheatear and Iraq Babbler. LesserKestrel breeds, with over 10 pairs in spring 2002.

Other interesting wildlife along the Euphratesriver includes Common Jackal Canis aureussyriacus, which is indeed common and can beseen even by daylight (especially near riverinewoodland). A record of a ‘leopard’ on an islandnear Ar-Raqqa is thought to have been a CaracalFelis caracal. The occurrence of Trionyx euphra-ticus, a soft-shelled turtle endemic to theEuphrates, cannot be ruled out.

North-eastern SyriaThe real adventurous birders can have a go atRed-wattled Lapwing V indicus in Syria. In theWP, this species has so far only been found inthe border area of Turkey (Cizre) and Iraq (andtwice as a vagrant in Israel). At least one birderhas tried and succeeded to see it near the ancientbridge of Ain Diwar, by pretending to be interest-ed in the bridge: the lapwings can be seen near-by. Extreme care must be taken, however, as thisis a highly sensitive area. Evans (1994) mentionswintering sites for Great Bustard Otis tarda andLittle Bustard Tetrax tetrax in the northern Syriansteppes but it is uncertain whether any of thesesteppes have survived the domestic need formore cotton fields. Hopeful, however, is thenews that Great Bustard has been found on theTurkish side of the border in December 2004 (N Ozbagdatlı in litt).

In February 2004, Tal Brak, a ruined site north-east of the city of Al-Hasakah held birds like See-see Partridge, Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinusand Barn Owl, while on nearby agricultural landthree summer-plumaged Sociable Lapwings V gre-garius were found amongst Northern LapwingsV vanellus. Pallid Harrier is found regularly in

˘

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winter, while Baumgart (1995) mentions anOctober sighting of Pallid Scops Owl from theKhabur region in 1986.

The Lower Khabur Reservoir, a few km southof Al-Hasakah, did not hold any significant num-bers or species in February 2004, although thesouth-eastern corner of the reservoir produced aflock of 14 Smew Mergellus albellus, which con-stituted only the second record for Syria (the firstrecord involved two birds at the Euphrates nearHalabbiyah earlier in the same month). Several1000s of Greater White-fronted Geese Anseralbifrons were present, as well as small numbersof gulls, including Slender-billed Gull L geneiand Pallas’s Gull.

Southern desertsPalmyra (Tadmor in Arabic) is a large (severalkm2) and impressive ruin of a Roman city next toan oasis, in the middle of the Syrian desert, easilyreached from both Damascus (3 h drive) andDeir ez-Zor and Aleppo (both 5 h drive). Palmyrais the number one tourist site in the country andoffers several good hotels and restaurants.Thanks to the lack of mass tourism in the coun-try, it is still a very easy-going place where sever-al days can be spent. It is near the Northern BaldIbis colony, with access to the Hamad desert andclose proximity to Talila reserve, where anattempt is being made to save the natural steppevegetation from overgrazing by sheep.

The Palmyra ruins, next to the main road andbordering the town and oasis, are home toEastern Mourning Wheatear O lugens and DesertLittle Owl. The oasis itself holds breedingLaughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis, EasternRufous-tailed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas galactotessyriacus, Ménétries’s Warbler and Eastern Oliva-ceous Warbler. During migration, several speciesof raptor, such as Steppe Buzzard B b vulpinus,European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus, PallidHarrier, a variety of eagles Aquila, LevantSparrowhawk, Lesser Kestrel and Red-footedFalcon F vespertinus pass in good numbers, manyof which come down to drink. The several km2 ofpalm oasis attract numerous migrants and basical-ly anything can turn up, as it is a ‘roosting bottle-neck’ surrounded by 100s of km of barren desertin every direction. The resident birders have, inthe recent past, found good birds like NamaquaDove Oena capensis and, locally rare, Long-eared Owl Asio otus. According to Kinzelbach(1986), White-cheeked Bulbul bred between1977 and 1979 but searches by Gianluca Serraduring 2000-03 rendered no result.

The main reason for visiting Palmyra is thesmall relict breeding colony of the eastern popu-lation of Northern Bald Ibis that was found in themountains near Palmyra in April 2002 (Serra2003, Serra et al 2003). According to these authors, in the early 1980s, they still numberedin the 100s, but 20 February 2004 saw the returnof only five birds, while a subadult joined inmid-May (again five birds returning in February2005). Four chicks were raised in two nests in2004, compared with three pairs raising sevenchicks in 2003. Their winter quarters are not yetknown since attempts to satellite-tag the birdsfailed. The Palmyran team (see useful addressesbelow), has protected and monitored the fewremaining Syrian Northern Bald Ibises during thepast four breeding seasons (2002-05) and canhelp to find the birds. For details on conservationefforts during the past few years, see the website www.gianlucaserra.com/community-based%20conservation.htm.

Other interesting birds in these mountainsinclude Chukar Alectoris chukar, a small breed-ing colony of Eurasian Griffon Vulture Gyps ful-vus, Pharaoh Eagle Owl, numerous Temminck’sLarks Eremophila bilopha, Desert Lark, Trum-peter Finch Bucanetes githagineus (from Febru-ary onwards), Brown-necked Raven Corvus rufi-collis, Common Raven C corax and Red-billedChough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax, while Thick-billed Lark is sometimes found. Beduin affirmedthat small numbers of Great Bustard frequent thisarea in winter, although hunting parties of pre-sumably Saudi origin may put an end to this inthe near future. The seasonally flooded salt lakeof Sabkha Al Moh has breeding Greater SandPlover Charadrius leschenaultii and 50-100 wintering Greater Flamingos, while Sed WadiAbiad, a small man-made reservoir, saw breedingDead Sea Sparrows in April 2004, over 100 kmfrom the nearest known breeding areas.

Talila reserve measures about 200 km2 of ‘pro-tected’ steppe vegetation, although over 300 dromedary are still allowed to graze within thereserve’s boundaries. Talila is situated 17 km eastof Palmyra and is signposted from the main roadbetween Palmyra and Deir ez-Zor. Access can besought through the Palmyran team. A four-wheeldrive vehicle is necessary to get around easily,since there are just sandy roads inside the reserve. Keep to the tracks at all times, sincesteppe vegetation is very vulnerable and cannotdeal with being driven over by heavy vehicles.Alternatively, you can access the reserve on foot.

Birds found at the reserve are typical steppe or

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201 White-throated Robin / Perzische Roodborst Irania gutturalis, Talila Reserve, Syria, spring 2002 (MahmoudScheisch Abdallah) 202 Temminck’s Lark / Temmincks Strandleeuwerik Eremophila bilopha, Talila Reserve, Syria,spring 2001 (Mahmoud Scheisch Abdallah) 203 Greater Hoopoe Lark / Witbandleeuwerik Alaemon alaudipes,Talila Reserve, Syria, spring 2001 (Mahmoud Scheisch Abdallah) 204 Caspian Stonechat / Kaspische Roodborst-

tapuit Saxicola maurus variegatus, Talila Reserve, Syria, winter 2001/02 (Mahmoud Scheisch Abdallah)

sandy desert breeding birds, such as Bar-tailedLark A cincturus, Greater Hoopoe Lark Alaemonalaudipes, Lesser Short-toed Lark Calandrella ru-fescens, Temminck’s Lark (not as common hereas in the surrounding desert), Isabelline Wheat-ear O isabellina, Desert Wheatear O deserti andFinsch’s Wheatear (the latter only winters). Fromlate February, Cream-coloured Coursers Curso-rius cursor return from their winter quarters. Upto 100 Common Cranes Grus grus winter here,feeding on truffles. Small flocks of SociableLapwings have been found in recent winters(2001, 2003 and 2004), including 17 on 7 March2001 (Gianluca Serra pers comm) and four overthe reserve on 20 February 2004. A first-winter

Steppe Grey Shrike L pallidirostris in February2004 constituted the first record for Syria.Whether this was a vagrant or an irregular wintervisitor remains to be seen. Great Grey ShrikeL excubitor (probably of the subspecies L ehomeyeri) are more common, at least in winter.In the north-western corner of the reserve, noless than five Asian Desert Warblers S nana werefound in February 2004, so the reserve appearsto be a wintering site. One section of the reserveholds enclosures for Arabian Oryx Oryx leucoryxand Sand Gazelle Gazella subgutturosa marica,and it is here where flocks of Desert FinchRhodospiza obsoleta can be found drinking.

The Hamad desert is home to some of the

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205 Chinese/Daurian Shrike / Chinese/Daurische Klauwier Lanius arenarius/isabellinus, al-Ashara pool, al-Mayadin,Syria, 18 February 2004 (Ian Andrews) 206 Probable Turkestan Shrike / waarschijnlijke Turkestaanse KlauwierLanius phoenicuroides, al-Ashara pool, al-Mayadin, Syria, 18 February 2004 (Ian Andrews) 207-208 Chinese/Daurian Shrike / Chinese/Daurische Klauwier Lanius arenarius/isabellinus, Mheimideh, Syria, 17 February 2004

(Ian Andrews)

most sought-after species in the Western Pale-arctic, such as Macqueen’s Bustard Chlamydotismacqueeni, Dunn’s Lark and Thick-billed Lark.The latter two, which are very hard to come byin better-visited countries like Israel, have beenfound repeatedly during the few visits made byindependent birders. Additional species here aremuch the same as for Talila reserve, along withSteppe Eagle A nipalensis, Long-legged Buzzardand Greater Sand Plover (the latter during migra-tion). Both Lanner Falcon F biarmicus and SakerFalcon F cherrug can be found, especially inSeptember-November, although both species riskcapture for use as hunting falcons. A pair ofBlack-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis wasseen in February 2004. Pied Wheatear

O pleschanka, Cyprus Wheatear O cypriaca andPersian Wheatear O chrysopygia occur onmigration, as well as the occasional CaspianPlover C asiaticus, Thrush Nightingale Luscinialuscinia, Barred Warbler S nisoria and GreenishWarbler Phylloscopus trochiloides.

Red-rumped Wheatear O moesta of the localized subspecies O m brooksbanki couldoccur in deserts further south, near Bosra, as itoccurs in nearby Jordanian eastern deserts. Thesame applies to the possible occurrence of local,dark morphs of Eastern Mourning Wheatear(‘Basalt Wheatear’) and Desert Lark A d annae,as well as the as yet undescribed (sub)species ofsand partridge Ammoperdix with charactersintermediate between Sand Partridge A heyi and

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See-see Partridge (see Andrews (1999) for photo-graphs). According to Baumgart (1995), anEgyptian Nightjar Caprimulgus aegyptius wascollected near Qarietayn as long ago as 1904,but as the species has been found at Azraq,Jordan, it might occur in Syria as well.

Other interesting wildlife around Palmyrainclude Wolf Canis lupus (of which the winterexpedition probably saw one in February 2004),Red Fox Vulpes vulpes arabica (a pale sandy-coloured subspecies), Rüppell’s Fox V rueppellii,Common Jackal (in Palmyra seasonally feedingsolely on dates), Sand Cat F margarita, AfricanWild Cat F silvestris lybica, Cape Hare Lepuscapensis syriacus, Libyan Jird Meriones libycus (acommon rodent), Euphrates Jerboa Allactagaeuphratica, Lesser Jerboa Jaculus jaculus, Long-eared Hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus, FalseCobra Malpolon moilensis, Black Cobra Wal-terinnesia aegyptia, Horned Viper Pseudocersatespersicus fieldi, Camel Snake Spalerosophisdiadema, Desert Monitor Varanus griseus, Sling-tailed Agama Trapelus ruderatus and severalAcanthodactylus lizards (including A grandis).Striped Hyena Hyena hyena is seen irregularlyand then mainly as roadkill, although the guidesat Palmyra have a stake-out for this species in themountains. The endemic subspecies of SandGazelle G s marica has become very rare in thewild and is found in extremely small numbers inthe mountains near Palmyra.

Sabkhat al-JabbulThis saline lake, situated 35 km south-east ofAleppo, used to dry out completely in most sum-mers. However, recently, surplus water from newirrigation projects has resulted in higher andmore stable water levels and lower salinity thanin the past. A dike on the west side of the lakeprevents flooding of the extensive eastern saltflats. The lake is now said to measure 20 x 5 kmand has developed reed beds on its (southern)shores. During high water levels, two largeislands are obvious. Jabbul definitely deserves itsRamsar status, as the 2004 winter expeditioncounted 12 880 Greater Flamingos and 13 430Common Shelducks Tadorna tadorna. Rumourhas it that a large chemical plant will soon beconstructed at the northern end of the lake. Foraccess to some parts, a four-wheel drive vehicleis needed. Most interesting species, however, caneasily be seen from the dike near Jabbul village,at the north-western corner. The guard will behappy to open the gate for visitors.

The saltpans on the western side of the dike

hold the typical species, while the eastern sidehas a lower salt level with a more diverse birdlist. Shallow places and mudflats on both sidesproduce good numbers of waders. For example,the 2004 winter expedition counted 1000Common Redshanks T totanus, 50 MarshSandpipers, Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta,Kentish Plover C alexandrinus and Black-wingedStilt Himantopus himantopus, along with goodnumbers of Dunlin Calidris alpina and Little StintC minuta. Small numbers of White-headed Duck(nine) and Ferruginous Duck (13) were found. A female Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serra-tor probably constituted the third record forSyria. Other interesting species seen from thedike included a single Dalmatian PelicanPelecanus crispus, several Great White PelicansP onocrotalus, 200 Great Egrets Casmerodiusalbus, 57 Eurasian Spoonbills Platalea leuco-rodia, Common Crane and Whiskered Tern. Thereed beds along the dike produced species likeGreat Bittern, Grey-headed Swamp-hen, PiedKingfisher (30 in a colony), Desert Finch, Red-throated Pipit, Water Pipit A spinoletta (of thesubspecies A s coutellii), Citrine Wagtail, Blue-throat L svecica, Cetti’s Warbler, Eastern Mous-tached Warbler, both Common and CaspianStonechat, and Spanish Sparrow P hispanio-lensis. In (late) spring, sightings here have includ-ed Marbled Duck (with 100+ present in May2005), Black Stork, Pallid Harrier, Spotted CrakeP porzana, Little Crake, Eurasian OystercatcherHaematopus ostralegus (locally rare), Stone-cur-lew Burhinus oedicnemus, Spur-winged Lap-wing, Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus,Pallas’s Gull, Caspian Tern Sterna caspia, LittleTern S albifrons, Greater Short-toed LarkCalandrella brachydactyla, Lesser Short-toedLark, Great Reed Warbler A arundinaceus andBlack-headed Bunting E melanocephala (the lat-ter also breeds here). In June 2003, a breedingcolony with 100 pairs of Gull-billed TernGelochelidon nilotica was found. Greater SandPlover is a common breeding bird, whileCollared Pratincole Glareola pratincola is a likelybreeder. In February 2005, a flock of 725 White-headed Duck was found in the north-westerncorner of Sabkhat al-Jabbul (Richard Porter &Derek Scott pers comm).

In the south-eastern sector, the Husayn depres-sion is a smaller, more shallow lake with lesssaline water, enabling reed beds to grow. It islinked to the main water body of Sabkhat al-Jabbul by a canal. In February 2004, the mostimportant species seen here were Great White

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Pelican, Greater Flamingo (c 50% of the Jabbultotal) and dozens of Red-crested Pochard andFerruginous Duck, as well as Greater SpottedEagle, Grey-headed Swamp-hen, Common GullLarus canus canus (locally uncommon) andArmenian Gull. Noteworthy is the discovery offive Iraq Babblers in the reed beds bordering thecanal exiting at the south-eastern side of the lake.This is the most westerly occurrence of the spe-cies so far and the site is one of few for this species away from the Euphrates basin (othersexist in western Iran). In February 2003, a flockof 160 White-headed Ducks was counted at thisHusayn depression (Gianluca Serra pers comm).

Western SyriaThe area near the Yarmuk river in south-westernSyria forms the border with Jordan and Israel,and holds species typical for the Jordan valley. InJune 2004, likely breeding was established forspecies like White-throated Kingfisher Halcyonsmyrnensis, Long-billed Pipit A similis, BlackstartCercomela melanura and Palestine SunbirdNectarinia osea (Gianluca Serra pers comm). Asin neighbouring Israel, where the species wasprobably last recorded in 1975, no recentrecords are known of Brown Fish Owl Ketupazeylonensis (in Syria, two birds were collected in1879; Ebels 2002).

The border between Lebanon and south-west-ern Syria is formed by the Anti-LebanonMountains, reaching as high as 2423 m in Syria.In the south, this range stretches to MountHermon and the Golan heights. In the north, itborders the Allovite Mountains which separatethe Syrian coastal plain from the eastern steppeand desert. The area close to Damascus is easilyaccessible (1 h drive by both private and publictransport) and popular, as many inhabitants ofthe capital want to escape the summer heat orwant to enjoy the snow.

BirdLife International has designated theuplands of the Anti-Lebanon in the sector aboveBloudan and Halbun as an Important Bird Area(IBA). Bloudan (1500 m) lies close to the mainroad between Damascus and the archaeologicaltop attraction of Baalbek (Lebanon). This hill resort has plenty of accommodation and hasgrown enormously in the last 20 years. The landabove the village is treeless, open, with sparsegrassland, scattered scrub and bare rock. It issnow covered in winter. The reclamation of landhas, in the last 10 years, restricted the potentialhabitat for Bimaculated Lark M bimaculata.

During a visit in late February 2004, the area

around Bloudan was still covered with snow. Thearea south-west of the village is marked byorchards, tiny fir and spruce forest patches, scat-tered trees and more natural, rocky and scrubbyareas. Here, typical (winter) birds includedWestern Rock Nuthatch Sitta neumayer, SyrianSerin and over 100 Rock Sparrows Petroniapetronia, while Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorusand Yellowhammer E citrinella represented spe-cies scarce in Syria. Isabelline Wheatears defend-ed their territories by singing from stake-outs – quite unlike the air-loopings seen in the flatHamad desert. In higher (and more snow-covered) areas a Golden Eagle A chrysaetos anda small flock of the local subspecies of HornedLark E alpestris bicornis were found. A mostremarkable find was a pair of Scrub Warbler at1600 m, foraging in the scrub on the few snow-free patches.

According to Evans (1994), other birds typicalof this area (in summer) are Egyptian VultureNeophron percnopterus, Syrian WoodpeckerDendrocopos syriacus, Bimaculated Lark, EasternBlack-eared Wheatear O melanoleuca, Finsch’sWheatear, Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush M saxatilis,White-throated Robin Irania gutturalis, Upcher’sWarbler, Sardinian Warbler S melanocephala,Pale Rockfinch Carpospiza brachydactyla andAsian Crimson-winged Finch Rhodopechys san-guineus sanguineus.

Lake of Homs (Quattine in Arabic) is situated15 km south-west of the city of Homs. It hasbeen dammed up since ancient times. This eu-trophic reservoir has a surface ranging from 3000ha in summer to 5300 ha in winter, with a waterdepth of 4-8 m. In the 1970s, this lake wasregarded as an important wintering area andmigratory stop-over site for birds. More than20 000 waterfowl were counted in the IWC sur-vey in January 1993. The systematic counts ofthe 2004 winter expedition were the first eversince. In February 2004, a total of 25 000-30 000waterfowl was estimated consisting mostly ofCommon Pochard (5000), Northern Shoveler A clypeata (4000) and Eurasian Coot (6000), withsmaller numbers of Northern Pintail A acuta andBlack-necked Grebe. Lake of Homs was believedto be the most significant wintering site in Syriafor White-headed Duck, with counts of 100 in1977 (MacFarlane 1978) and 30 in 1993 (Evans1994). In January 2004, only seven birds werecounted while in February 11 were seen. Thebest observation of the lake’s survey was withoutany doubt a Sociable Lapwing among 2300Northern Lapwings on an inundated field

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209-210 Iraq Babbler / Iraakse Babbelaar Turdoides altirostris, al-Ashara pool (Euphrates oxbow W28), Syria, 18 February 2004 (Ian Andrews)

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between Moudan and Dbeen near the south-western corner of the lake. Other interestingobservations in the western sector includedMerlin F columbarius, Pallas’s Gull, 600-1000Whiskered Terns and four Common Jackals. Thenorth-western shore consists of fields with basaltrocks, resembling the Little Bustard habitat foundin the Golan heights. The hunting pressure isprobably unsustainably high for large concen-trations of this rare bird.

In the Fir-Cedar Reserve in north-western Syria(close to the Turkish border), breeding White-spectacled Bulbul P xanthopygos, Rufous-tailedScrub Robin, White-throated Robin, EasternOrphean Warbler S crassirostris, Long-tailed TitAegithalos caudatus tephronotus, Masked ShrikeL nubicus (described by Evans (1994) as ‘verycommon’), Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius atri-capillus and Cretzschmar’s Bunting E caesiawere found in April-May 2004 (Gianluca Serrapers comm). In addition, Evans (1994) mentions(probable) breeding of Little Swift Apus affinis,Olive-tree Warbler H olivetorum, Rock Bunting E cia and Black-headed Bunting. Other animalsfound here include the globally threatenedPersian Squirrel Sciurus anomalus and LebanonViper Vipera bornmuelleri (listed as ‘Vulnerable’).

The potential of the western Syrian mountainsfor spectacular migration of birds of prey andother soaring birds such as storks and pelicans isobvious. Such migrants over Israel and the Belenpass in southern Turkey (a few km north of theSyrian border) number in the 100 000s. Birds onmigration may include large numbers of WhiteStork C ciconia, European Honey Buzzard,Lesser Spotted Eagle and Levant Sparrowhawk.However, the last person to witness any suchmigration over Syrian territory was a visitor in1953...

Additions to Syrian listThe recent discovery of Northern Bald Ibis andIraq Babbler shows that Syria has a high potentialfor surprises. In recent years, the few birdersvisiting Syria have added several species to thecountry’s list, such as Namaqua Dove andDunn’s Lark (Gianluca Serra pers comm). The2004 winter expedition (totalling six weeks)found, if accepted, up to eight new taxa: Smew,Siberian Buff-bellied Pipit A rubescens japonicus,Asian Desert Warbler, Firecrest Regulus ignicapil-la, Chinese Shrike, Daurian Shrike, TurkestanShrike and Steppe Grey Shrike. In addition,several major range extensions were noted, eg,for Iraq Babbler and Clamorous Reed Warbler. In

April 2005, the first Middle Spotted Wood-peckers Dendrocopos medius for Syria wereobserved and photographed at Selunfe nearLatakia (Kaestner 2005).

PredictionsIt is tentative to predict what could be new addi-tions to the already impressive bird list of Syria. A discovery of breeding Krüper’s NuthatchS krueperi and Eastern Rock Nuthatch S tephro-nota in the mountainous border region withTurkey seems likely. The same applies to winter-ing Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria, as it regu-larly winters in nearby Bireçık, Turkey, and onewas found dead at Palmyra (Gianluca Serra perscomm). Whether Syria still hosts a significant(wintering) population of one of the three speciesof bustard, or whether it is an important winteringground or migration stop-over site for the ‘critical-ly endangered’ Sociable Lapwing, may be foundout during the next couple of winters. Given therange extension of White-cheeked Bulbul and theMesopotamian endemic Iraq Babbler, the occur-rence of other Mesopotamian specialities likeGrey Hypocolius Hypocolius ampelinus andBasra Reed Warbler A griseldis or even Indian

211 Imperial Eagle / Keizerarend Aquila heliaca, TalilaReserve, Syria, December 2000 (Gianluca Serra)

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Roller Coracias benghalensis and CommonBabbler T caudatus must be a possibility.

Tentative identification of isabelline shrikesfound in Syria During the 2004 winter expedition, 16 isabellineshrikes were seen by expedition members. Thesewere tentatively identified by using TimWorfolk’s criteria (Worfolk 2000). All individualsencountered were aged as adults; no first-wintertype birds with scaled underparts were recorded.Most individuals seen well appeared to havepale lores, a pale sandy-coloured cap, mantle,wing (no contrast between cap and mantle orbetween primaries and other flight feathers) andunderparts, and a pale reddish tail not graduallybecoming darker towards the tip. Provisionally,these birds were identified as probable ChineseShrikes, a taxon which, according to Worfolk(2000), winters in southern Iraq. Some warm-coloured individuals had (partly) dark lores andwere therefore identified as probable DaurianShrikes, whereas an individual that showed whitish underparts, with contrast between crownand mantle, appeared to be a Turkestan Shrike.However, given the complexity of the isabellineshrike complex, our identifications of the Syrianisabelline shrikes remain tentative for now.

Useful adressesAnyone who wishes to visit Syria for bird-watching is strongly recommended to use one ofthe guides based at Palmyra. Ahmed KhaledAbdallah, Mahmoud Scheisch Abdallah andAdib Al-Assaed are fluent in English and can actas interpreters and drivers and know the sites andbirds, and are great characters as well. Further-more, they know the exact breeding, roostingand feeding sites of Northern Bald Ibis and areindispensable when arranging a multiple-day tripinto the Hamad desert. Their contacts might alsohelp in getting into the Talila reserve nearPalmyra. They can be reached by sending an e-mail message through Syria’s birding website,found at www.andrewsi.freeserve.co.uk/birding-in-syria.htm.

For more information on the numbers and spe-cies of waterfowl encountered during the 2004winter expedition, see the website www.osme.org, where a full account of the expedition willbe published, including maps and GPS co-ordi-nates. Some of these maps are currently availableat www.syria.renevos.net. General informationon birds and birding in Syria can be found on thewebsite of BirdLife Syria (www.birdlifemed.org/

Contries/syria/syria.html).Help with travel in Syria may be provided by

Osama Annuri, who used to work at Transtour:he can be reached at [email protected].

Acknowledgements The non-Syrian participants of the 2004 winterexpedition were Ian Andrews, Ruud van Beuse-kom, Remco Hofland, David Murdoch, TobiasRoth, Bert Saveyn, Gianluca Serra, Colin Wellsand René Vos. We wish to thank the sponsorswho supported the 2004 winter expedition, andespecially the Van Tienhoven Foundation whichsponsored the Dutch car. In addition, we thankthe Ornithological Society of the Middle East(OSME), BirdLife International, the WorldWildlife Fund (WWF) and the African-EurasianMigratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA), whichalso contributed in the costs of the expedition.Ian Andrews is acknowledged for providing themap. DM and GS are thanked for proofreadingthis paper. Peter Kaestner and DM providedinformation on recent sightings. Andrea Corsocommented on the identification of the isabellineshrikes. Last but surely not least, our thanks go toAhmed Abdallah, Mahmoud Abdallah and AdibAl-Assaed, whose company made the 2004 win-ter expedition a great success.

SamenvattingVOGELEN IN SYRIË – WEINIG BEKENDE BESTEMMING IN HET

WEST-PALEARCTISCHE GEBIED In dit artikel wordt een over-zicht gegeven van de avifauna van Syrië en de meestbekende vogelplekken in dit weinig door vogelaarsbezochte land. Syrië is beter toegankelijk dan enkeleaangrenzende landen en biedt de kans om een aantalvoor het West-Palearctische gebied (WP) uitzonderlijkesoorten waar te nemen. De gegevens in dit artikel zijnvoor een deel gebaseerd op een ornithologische expe-ditie met een aantal Europese deelnemers in januari-februari 2004.

Bijzondere soorten die in Syrië kunnen wordengezien zijn Kaalkopibis Geronticus eremita (een zeerkleine kolonie met de laatste wilde vogels van de oos-telijke populatie), Witwangbuulbuul Pycnonotus leuco-genys en Iraakse Babbelaar Turdoides altirostris.Daarnaast is het waarschijnlijk dat een deel van deoverwinterende izabelklauwieren naast DaurischeKlauwier Lanius isabellinus en Turkestaanse KlauwierL phoenicuroides behoort tot Chinese Klauwier L are-narius, een soort die in de WP nog nauwelijks is vast-gesteld. Naast deze ‘target species’ biedt Syrië groteaantallen overwinterende eenden en andere watervo-gels, typische woestijnsoorten als Dunns LeeuwerikEremalauda dunni en Diksnavelleeuwerik Ramphocorisclotbey, enkele karakteristieke taxa voor het Midden-Oosten die in andere landen vaak moeilijk te zien zijn,zoals Zwarte Frankolijn Francolinus francolinus,

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Groene Bijeneter Merops persicus, Kaspische Rood-borsttapuit Saxicola maurus variegatus, Grote ValeSpotvogel Hippolais languida, Maquiszanger Scoto-cerca inquieta, Indische Rotsmus Gymnoris xanthocol-lis en Syrische Kanarie Serinus syriacus, en mogelijkgrote aantallen doortrekkende roofvogels en anderethermiektrekkers, hoewel over dat laatste nog maarweinig bekend is.

Praktische informatie wordt gegeven over de bestetijd om Syrië te bezoeken, de belangrijkste archeologi-sche en cultuurhistorische locaties (een bezoek waar-aan vaak goed is te combineren met vogels kijken),transport en accommodatie. De belangrijkste vogel-gebieden worden ‘met de klok mee’ (beginnend in hetnoordwesten) beschreven en er wordt een overzichtgegeven van karakteristieke soorten en bijzonderewaarnemingen in deze gebieden.

In januari-februari 2004 waargenomen nieuwe soor-ten voor Syrië zijn – mits aanvaard – NonnetjeMergellus albellus, Siberische Waterpieper Anthusrubescens japonicus, Woestijngrasmus Sylvia nana,Vuurgoudhaan Regulus ignicapilla, Chinese Klauwier,Daurische Klauwier, Turkestaanse Klauwier en Steppe-klapekster L pallidirostris. In april 2005 werden de eer-ste twee Middelste Bonte Spechten Dendrocopos medi-us voor Syrië vastgesteld. De verwachting is dat bijtoenemende interesse van vogelaars het aantal nieuwesoorten snel kan toenemen, evenals de kennis omtrenthet verspreidingsgebied van bepaalde soorten.

ReferencesAndrews, I 1999. News items: New Ammoperdix par-

tridge in the basalt desert. Website: www.andrewsi.freeserve.co.uk/birding-in-jordan.htm.

Baumgart, W 1995. Die Vögel Syriens, eine Übersicht.Berlin.

Ebels, E B 2002. Brown Fish Owl in the WesternPalearctic. Dutch Birding 24: 157-161.

Evans, M I 1994. Important bird areas of the MiddleEast. Cambridge.

Kaestner, P G 2005. Middle Spotted Woodpeckers atSelunfe, Syria, in April 2005. Dutch Birding 27: 203-204.

Kinzelbach, R 1986. The White-cheeked Bulbul,Pycnonotus leucogenys, a resident of the PalmyraOasis, Syria. Zool Middle East 1: 73-74.

MacFarlane, A M 1978. Field notes on the birds ofLebanon and Syria, 1974–1977. Army Bird-Watching Society Per 3: 47-94.

Murdoch, D, Andrews, I & Hofland, R 2004. TheSyrian wetland expedition 2004: a summary.Sandgrouse 26: 94-104.

Serra, G 2003. Discovery of Northern Bald Ibises inSyria. World Birdwatch 25: 10-13 (Website www.danadeclaration.org/text%20website/ibis_worldbird-watch.pdf).

Serra, G, Abdallah, M, Abdallah, A, Al Qaim, G, Fayed,T, Assaed, A & Williamson, D 2003. Discovery of arelict breeding colony of Northern Bald IbisGeronticus eremita in Syria: still in time to save theeastern population? Oryx 38: 1-7 (Website www.danadeclaration.org/text%20website/ibis_ORYX.pdf).

Worfolk, T 2000. Identification of red-backed, isabel-line and brown shrikes. Dutch Birding 22: 323-362.

Remco Hofland, Aert van Neslaan 336, 2341 HN Oegstgeest, Netherlands ([email protected])

Bert Saveyn, Tarwelaan 14, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium ([email protected])

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Eastern Black Redstarts at IJmuiden,the Netherlands, and on Guernsey,Channel Islands, in October 2003,and their identification, distributionand taxonomy

Laurens B Steijn

n 22 and 23 October 2003, a first-wintermale Eastern Black Redstart Phoenicurus

ochruros phoenicuroides was observed at IJmui-den, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands (Steijn2003). It was actively feeding on and along theconcrete blocks bordering the marina. Later, itturned out that it had already been present andphotographed on 21 October when it was con-sidered to be an aberrant Common Redstart P phoenicurus. A few days later, on 28 October

2003, another bird was discovered at Vazon Bay,Guernsey, Channel Islands, c 570 km to thesouth-west. This bird stayed until 31 Octoberand was trapped and measured (unfortunately, afeather collected for DNA analysis was lost).Both birds were well documented, enabling apositive identification.

These two records are possibly the first forwestern Europe to be fully acceptable. The rarityof this taxon in western Europe is remarkable,

O

[Dutch Birding 27: 171-194, 2005]

212 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides, first-winter male,IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, Netherlands, 23 October 2003 (Marten van Dijl). Note similarities between this bird and

Guernsey bird in plate 216.

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Eastern Black Redstarts at IJmuiden, the Netherlands, and on Guernsey, Channel Islands, in October 2003

considering that P o phoenicuroides is a long-distance migrant. It breeds in mountains inCentral Asia (notably the Altai and Tien Shanmountain ranges) and winters in central andwestern Indian plains, southern Iran, Arabia,Somalia and Ethiopia, and occasionally in Egyptand Sudan (Cramp 1988). Its breeding andwintering distribution is comparable with that of,for instance, Daurian Shrike Lanius isabellinus,Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti and Hume’sLeaf Warbler Phylloscopus humei, species thatare known to occur regularly as vagrants in west-ern Europe. Nicolai et al (1996) already predict-ed that this taxon would turn up in Europe in thenear future.

It is interesting to compare both records and toinvestigate the current status of this taxon inwestern Europe, as well as the identification of P o phoenicuroides: can this subspecies be safelyidentified and what do hybrids Black x CommonRedstart P phoenicurus look like? This paperdeals with: 1 the description of both records;

2 the status of P o phoenicuroides in westernEurope; 3 subspecies of Black Redstart; 4 ageingand sexing of Black Redstart; 5 identificationcharacters of P o phoenicuroides; 6 differencesfrom hybrids Black x Common Redstart; and7 taxonomy.

IJmuidenThe description is based on field notes byLaurens Steijn, photographs by Arnoud van denBerg, Leo Boon, Marten van Dijl, Harm Niesenand Patrick Palmen (cf Birding World 16: 418,2003, Dutch Birding 25: 433, plate 512, 442,plate 521, 2003) and video recordings by LeoBoon (Plomp et al 2004).

STRUCTURE As Western Black Redstart P o gibraltarien-sis, possibly slightly smaller. Wing formula: six visibleprimaries (p5-10); wing-tip at p(4)-5 (primaries number-ed ascendently). Emarginations on outer web on p3-6.Length of emargination on p6 0.63 of length of emargi-nation on p4. Little spacing between primaries p5-6;

213 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides, first-winter male,IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, 23 October 2003 (Patrick Palmen). Only a small percentage of first-winter male EasternBlack Redstarts look like this first-winter. The remainder have a female-type plumage. On this bird, note retainedjuvenile orange-brown feathers on lower back. The wing-tip is at p5 but p4 lies just underneath and is of similarlength. Spacing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 of this bird is 1:2.0. Careful study of the folded wing reveals emargi-nations on p3-6. The emargination length ratio of p4-6 is measured at 1:0.63. This combination of features rules

out hybrid Black x Common Redstart P phoenicurus.

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Eastern Black Redstarts at IJmuiden, the Netherlands, and on Guernsey, Channel Islands, in October 2003

214-215 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse Zwarte Rood-staart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides, first-wintermale, Guernsey, Channel Islands, 29 October 2003(Mark Lawlor). The wing structure of Eastern BlackRedstart is very similar to that of Western Black RedstartP o gibraltariensis, as can be seen in plate 215. It has arounded appearance due to p3-6, which are more orless equal in length. In Common Redstart P phoeni-curus, p6 is noticeably shorter than p5, giving the winga more pointed effect. In plate 214, the spacing ratiobetween p5-6 and p6-7 can be seen to be 1:2. P4 is just visible beneath p5. Also visible in this picture is thelength of the distal dark shaft streak on the outermosttail-feather. This is measured at 12 mm and fits bestwithin the range of an immature. Note that only 1% ofadult Black Redstarts show a dark shaft streak

measuring 12 mm or more.

216 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse Zwarte RoodstaartPhoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides, first-winter male,

Guernsey, Channel Islands, 29 October 2003 (Mark Lawlor)

pronounced spacing between p6-7, resulting in ratio of1:2. Structure of wing thus resembling that of WesternBlack Redstart.HEAD Throat, lores and ear-coverts mottled grey withblack. Crown grey, forehead greyish-white. Small butdistinct white eye-ring.UPPERPARTS & WING Mantle blue-grey, lower backwith some pale brown feathering, probably retainedfeathers from juvenile plumage. Rump orange-red. Palefringe to all flight-feathers, forming indistinct wing-panel on secondaries. UNDERPARTS Upperbreast mottled grey with black,lower breast and belly rufous-orange, unicoloured andappearing darker than in Common Redstart. Vent andundertail-coverts pale orange with some paler feather-ing between legs. Underwing-coverts orange. TAIL Rusty-red with dark-brown central tail-feathers.BARE PARTS Bill, eye and feet black.

VOICE No calls heard.BEHAVIOUR Feeding on concrete blocks and embank-ment wall bordering marina. Sometimes hanging onwall to pick insects. Frequently moving very fast, flyingshort distances and diving into cover in crevices.MOULT Two to three inner greater upperwing-covertsfreshly moulted.

GuernseyThe description is based on measurements andfield notes by Geoff Atkinson and Phil Atkinsonand field notes and photographs by Mark Lawlor.

STRUCTURE No obvious differences from WesternBlack Redstart. Wing formula: wing-tip formed by p3-5,all within 1 mm of each other in length; p3 and p4longest. Other primaries shorter by following lengths in

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Eastern Black Redstarts at IJmuiden, the Netherlands, and on Guernsey, Channel Islands, in October 2003

217-218 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse ZwarteRoodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides or P o rufiventris, first-winter male, northern Thailand, 25November 2002 (Prapakorn Tarachai). Second recordof ‘Black Redstart’ for Thailand. Note fringes to flightfeathers, spacing between p5-6 and p6-7 and emargi-nations to p3-6. On this bird, p10 is hidden under the

secondaries.

mm: 1=42, 2=8, 5=1, 6=3, 7=7, 8=10, 9=13, 10=15.Difference between p5 and p6 2 mm and between p6and p7 4 mm, giving ratio of 1:2. Emarginated prima-ries (with narrow outer web at feather tip) were p3-6.On spread wing, emarginations obviously stepped onp4-5, less so on p3 and p6. Length of emargination onp6 measured at 0.67 (2/3) of length of emargination onp4.HEAD Crown and nape grey with brownish tinge, espe-cially on top of head, palest grey above eye. Cheek,lores, chin and throat blackish with grey, buff orbrownish tips, giving mottled appearance. Eye-ringwhitish, broken.UPPERPARTS & WING Mantle grey with brownishtinge, blackish base of feathers hidden underneath.Rump and uppertail-coverts bright orange-red. Axilla-ries bright orange-red, tinged fawn. Lesser covertsblackish, tipped grey; median and greater coverts andtertials dark brown, fringed fawn. Greater coverts appearing all of same age. Secondaries and primariesdark brown, fringed buff. Secondaries not forming clearwhitish wing-panel but some indication of buff panel.UNDERPARTS Upperbreast with blackish feathers,broadly tipped buff. Sharp lower border to this blackcolour, starting where wing meeting body, curvinground middle of breast. Lowerbreast, belly and flankbright orange-red, some buff tips – quite uniform acrossthese areas, apart from paler orange colour on very rear

219 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse Zwarte Rood-staart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuriodes or P o rufi-ventris, first-winter male, Barathpur, India, 29 Decem-ber 2004 (Sander Lagerveld). Although difficult toascertain to which of the red-bellied subspecies thisbird belongs, first-winter males in female-type plumageof both phoenicuroides and rufiventris show orange-coloured flanks, like this bird. Also note large pale eye-ring, pale throat and similarity to Common Redstart P phoenicurus. However, spacing ratio between p5-6and p6-7 and emargination on p6 clearly indicate this

is an Eastern Black Redstart.

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of belly, behind legs. Vent and undertail-coverts paleorange.TAIL Central pair of tail-feathers dark brown, fringedorange. Other tail-feathers orange, outer tail-featherwith dark brown smudge extending for 12 mm alongshaft.BARE PARTS Bill black, very slightly paler yellowish-pink in gape area and nostril. Eye very dark, iris brown.Leg black with paler sole.BEHAVIOUR Chosen habitat and behaviour typical ofBlack Redstart – on rocky and man-made concrete ter-rain just above beach. Generally feeding on tarmac ofroad, chasing insects underneath cars, and quite tame.In company of c 10 Rock Pipits Anthus petrosus,European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola and female-typeBlack Redstart. Occasionally flying up onto walls andhouse roofs, only perching on vegetation once or twicewhen flushed by cats.

Status of Eastern Black Redstart in western EuropeEastern Black Redstart is a very rare vagrant towestern Europe. At present, there is only oneaccepted record from before 2003. A female-typebird (probably first-winter male) was observed atZeebrugge, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium, on 28October 1993 (De Smet 1994). This record is notdocumented with photographs and will probablybe reviewed because of problems to safely elimi-nate hybrid Black x Common Redstart (GunterDe Smet in litt). Apart from this record, there arefive other reports of possible and probableEastern Black Redstarts (see table 1). Most reportshave not been sufficiently documented to ruleout a hybrid Black x Common Redstart. Hybridscan look very similar to P o phoenicuroides, at

least in spring. Various authors have dealt withthis problem and a number of presumed or pro-ven hybrids have turned up in Europe (King1996, Nicolai et al 1996, Lambert 1997, Rebis1998, Lindholm 2001, van Dongen et al 2004).The publication by Lindholm (2001) describingapparent hybrid redstarts in Finland resemblingBlack Redstart of the eastern subspecies P ophoenicuroides has even led to the removal of‘Eastern Black Redstart’ (P o ochrurus/phoenicu-roides/ rufiventris) from the British list (Tony Marrin litt). It is possible that insufficient documenta-tion of these somewhat dated records is the main reason. The most recent report of P o phoenicu-roides in Britain dates from 7 to 8 November1981 (Evans 1994).

Subspecies of Black RedstartCramp (1988) recognizes two main groups ofsubspecies. The dark-bellied ‘gibraltariensisgroup’ with P o gibraltariensis and P o aterrimus,occurring in Europe and North Africa east towestern Turkey, and the red-bellied ‘phoenicuroi-des group’ with P o phoenicuroides, P o rufiven-tris, P o semirufus and P o xerophiles occurringin Central Asia, west to Turkmeniya, north-east-ern Iran and the Levant. Nominate P o ochrurosoccurs in western and central Turkey, theCaucasus and northern Iran and has intermediatecharacters between the two groups. P o phoeni-curoides differs structurally from the western sub-species of Black Redstart by the slightly smallersize and small differences in wing structure. On

TABLE 1 Reports of possible and probable Eastern Black Redstarts P o phoenicuroides in Europe before 2003 / waar-nemingen van mogelijke en waarschijnlijke Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaarten P o phoenicuroides in Europa voor 2003

˛ ´

Denmark (1)25 November to 1 December 2000, Hirtshals,

Østhavn, probably first-winter male in ‘paradoxusplumage’ (see under ‘Ageing and sexing’), photo-graphed (www.nordfugl.dk/stjert.html, Lars Pedersenin litt). Quality of photographs is not sufficient torule out hybrid Black x Common Redstart.

Germany (2)22 October 1973, Helgoland, Schleswig-Holstein, pos-

sible male in female-type (‘cairei‘) plumage (seeunder ‘Ageing and sexing’), photograph (plate 242)

26-28 October 1995, Helgoland, Schleswig-Holstein,probably first-winter male in ‘paradoxus plumage’(Limicola 9: 340, 1995 (photograph), OrnitholJahresber Helgoland 6: 44-45, 1996 (photograph),plate 238-239). This bird was seen by many observ-ers but has not been reported to the German raritiescommittee (Peter Barthel in litt).

Sweden (2)15 November 1986, Hamra, Gotland, not subspecific-

ally identified but has been accepted as a male ‘withcharacters of P o ochruros, P o rufiventris orP o semirufus‘ (Vår Fågelvärld 48: 458, 1989).

23 October 2000, Landsort, Stockholm, first-winterfemale, photographed (plate 240-241). DNA analysisshowed that this bird belonged to one of the easternsubspecies (P o phoenicuroides or P o rufiventris).Cytochrome-b differed by up to 2% from a specimenfrom Spain. Biometrics showed that the wing formu-la corresponded with Black Redstart. Currentlyaccepted by the Swedish rarities committee as ‘prob-ably of eastern origin’. This bird will probably bereconsidered because the DNA analysis has onlyrecently been done (Urban Olsson in litt, MattiasPetterson in litt).

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TABLE 2 Subspecies of Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros: main characters in adult male plumage; breedingarea and wintering area after Cramp (1988) and Glutz von Blotzheim & Bauer (1988) / ondersoorten van ZwarteRoodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros: belangrijkste kenmerken van adult mannetje; broedgebied en overwinterings-

gebied volgens Cramp (1988) en Glutz von Blotzheim & Bauer (1988)

subspecies adult male plumage characters breeding area wintering area

gibraltariensis sooty grey/black breast fading to western and central Europe southern Europe, northernpale belly. Upperparts grey. White east to Latvia and Crimea Africa and Middle East;wing-patch and south to northern Spain, southern populations

Sicily, Greece and western sedentaryTurkey, probably Maghreb

aterrimus as gibraltariensis but more solid southern Iberia, possibly sedentaryblack on upperparts and neck Maghreb

ochruros as gibraltariensis but with variable eastern/central Turkey, short movements to amount of rusty-red on undertail- Caucasus and northern Iran western Zagros mountainscoverts and belly and lacking white of Iran and in north-wing-patch western and western Iraq

semirufus black upperparts, head, throat highlands of Israel, Lebanon presumably only smalland breast. Rufous belly and and Syria scale altitudinal move-undertail-coverts. No white wing- ments; mostly sedentarypatch

phoenicuroides* grey (northern population) to mountains of central Asia central and west Indianblackish (southern population) (Kazakhstan, Russia and plains, southern Iran,upperparts, black throat and breast, western Mongolia) Arabia, Somalia andrufous belly, paler undertail- Ethiopia; long-distancecoverts. No white wing-patch migrant

rufiventris* as phoenicuroides but larger and Turkmeniya and north-eastern uncertain: Cramp (1988) with more black on upperparts Iran east through Himalayas, states that rufiventris

Transcaspia, central and eastern possibly winters in Middle China, Bhutan (Cramp 1988). East and Egypt. Glutz von Glutz von Blotzheim & Blotzheim & Bauer (1988) Bauer (1988) place rufiventris do not mention winter as the most eastern subspecies distribution of rufiventris. occurring in Himalayas and According to Keescentral China Roselaar (pers comm),

rufiventris winters in southern Asia

* In the literature, there is much confusion about the boundary between P o phoenicuroides and P o rufiventris.Typical P o phoenicuroides, a small bird with grey upperparts (except sometimes black mantle or inner scapulars ofadult male) and more orange underparts, is restricted to the Tien Shan and Altai mountain ranges, from the northernand eastern fringe of Fergana Basin east to the Sayan and northern Mongolia. P o rufiventris is larger, with largelyblack upperparts (including crown) and deeper rufous underparts, and occurs along the southern and eastern fringeof the Tibetan Plateau from Nepal east to northern Yunnan, China, and from there north to eastern Qinghai andneighbouring Gansu, China. However, there are intermediate forms. Birds in Tajikistan are similar in size and colourto P o phoenicuroides but the black of the upperparts is more extensive, often extending to the nape and sometimesrear of crown. Birds from the western Himalayas are similar to the Tajikistan birds but are larger and thus approach P o rufiventris except for the mainly grey crown and the more orange underparts (Roselaar & Shirihai in prep).

Eastern Black Redstarts at IJmuiden, the Netherlands, and on Guernsey, Channel Islands, in October 2003

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average, p10 is longer in P o phoenicuroidesthan in P o gibraltariensis and P o aterrimus(Cramp 1988). P o xerophiles, occurring inChina, is not dealt with in this paper, because itis little known and not a long-distance migrant.

MovementsAs indicated in table 2, P o phoenicuroides is amedium- to long-distance migrant. It departsfrom the high mountains in Central Asia duringlate August and early September although insouth-eastern Kazakhstan not until late October(Cramp 1988). It arrives at the winter quarters inthe United Arab Emirates (UAE) at the end ofOctober and is a fairly common winter visitorthere until early March (Richardson 1990). InSomalia, it is fairly common from October toMarch, mainly at an altitude of 1300-2000 m. It is apparently common at Baghdad, Iraq, fromNovember to January (Cramp 1988). Of the red-bellied subspecies of Black Redstart, P o phoe-nicuroides is the most likely candidate forvagrancy to western Europe. P o rufiventris win-ters in southern Asia, whereas P o semirufusmoves only short distances.

Ageing and sexingAdult Black Redstarts of any subspecies undergoa complete post-breeding moult. The primariesare moulted descendantly, starting with p10 andfinishing with p1-2 after c 50 days. Post-juvenilemoult is partial and involves moult of head- andbody-feathers and lesser and median upperwing-coverts. Occasionally, a few inner greatercoverts, tertial coverts and – rarely – tertials arereplaced (Cramp 1988, Svensson 1992, Nicolaiet al 1996). Sexing Black Redstarts is not alwayspossible, especially in immature plumages.Immature males are known to show two differentplumages. The majority show a plumage resem-bling females (the so-called ‘cairei plumage’).Only a small percentage (12%, Nicolai et al1996) show a plumage resembling that of adultmale (‘paradoxus plumage’). This is also the casein the eastern subspecies. In the ‘paradoxusplumage’, first-year males of the eastern subspe-cies already show contrast between the darkchest and chestnut underparts (Cramp 1988). Thefact that most first-winter males look like femalesmay account for the rarity of P o phoenicuroidesin western Europe. Females are more difficult to

Eastern Black Redstarts at IJmuiden, the Netherlands, and on Guernsey, Channel Islands, in October 2003

FIGURE 1 Breeding and wintering range of subspecies of Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros / broedgebieden enoverwinteringsgebieden van Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros. Map follows Cramp (1988) except for breed-ing ranges of phoenicuroides, rufiventris, xerophilus and ochruros for which Glutz von Blotzheim & Bauer (1988)

is followed.

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identify and will be overlooked more easily. Only 1% of adult Black Redstarts show a dark

shaft streak measuring 12 mm or more (Nicolaiet al 1996)

Identification of Eastern Black Redstart P o phoenicuroidesAdult males Eastern Black Redstart show a unique combination of characters. They have ablack throat and breast, rufous belly and palerorange undertail-coverts. The upperparts varyfrom grey in northern populations to black insouthern populations. The fringes to the flight-feathers are grey. The tail is rusty-red with dark-brown central tail-feathers.

First-winter males in ‘paradoxus plumage’ (par-tial adult male) differ from adults by: 1 palebrown fringe to tertials, secondaries and prima-ries; 2 pale patch on vent; 3 throat mottled greywith black; 4 upperparts often with retained

brown-orange juvenile feathers on (lower) back;and 5 distal black shaft streak on outermost tail-feather larger than on adult. Both Eastern BlackRedstarts at IJmuiden and Guernsey showed theabove mentioned features and can thus be agedas first-winter males.

First-winter males in ‘cairei plumage’ (female-type) are more difficult to identify. They look likefemale P o gibraltariensis Black Redstart with apale belly and orange-coloured lower flanks andvent (Cramp 1988, De Smet 1994, Nicolai et al1996). They are somewhat intermediate betweenBlack and Common Redstart and differ from first-year female P o phoenicuroides by having greyerupperparts and chest and a paler wing-panel(Cramp 1988).

Females Eastern Black Redstart are rather non-descript and typically mouse-coloured. Theupperparts including head, neck and mantle aremostly greyish-brown. The flight-feathers are

TABLE 3 Identification characters of Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis and P o phoenicuroides,Common Redstart P phoenicurus phoenicurus and hybrid P o gibraltariensis x phoenicurus. For extensive com-parison of measurements of redstarts Phoenicurus, see table 4 / determinatiekenmerken van Zwarte RoodstaartPhoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis en P o phoenicuroides, Gekraagde Roodstaart P phoenicurus phoenicurus enhybride P o gibraltariensis x phoenicurus. Voor uitgebreide vergelijking van maten van roodstaarten Phoenicurus,

zie tabel 4

P o gibraltariensis P o phoenicuroides P p phoenicurus hybrid

colour of lowerbreast, sooty grey/black bright orange-red, orange-red but paler orange-red but palerbelly and flank breast fading to pale deeper and more than phoenicuroides; than phoenicuroides;

belly uniformly coloured belly pale belly palethan P p phoenicurus

white wing-patch present absent absent (only present often presentin P p samamisicus)

pale patch on lower/ absent absent present present, often similarcentral belly in size and shape to

P p phoenicurus

emargination on outer p3-6 p3-6 p3-5 p3-5, in c 47% ofweb hybrids also on p6

but then less obvious and shorter

emargination length 0.61 0.63 - (no emargination 0.47ratio p4:p6 on p6)

spacing ratio 1:2.29 1:2.19 1:0.90 1:1.33p5-6 and p6-7 (average)

Note: beware that when assessing the spacing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 on a folded wing on redstarts, p10 isoften (but not always) hidden below the secondaries/tertials and therefore not visible. Another potential difficulty isthat on Common Redstart, the wing-tip is formed by p3 or p4 whereas on Black Redstart this is p4 or p5. The spacing ratio between p4-5 and p5-6 on Common Redstart could therefore look similar to the spacing ratiobetween p5-6 and p6-7 on (Eastern) Black Redstart. Also, beware that the given ratios are of birds with full-grownprimaries. Adults have a post-breeding primary moult which lasts c 50 days. Therefore, the ratio might be difficultto assess during the summer.

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Eastern Black Redstarts at IJmuiden, the Netherlands, and on Guernsey, Channel Islands, in October 2003

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brown with pale fringes to primaries, secondariesand tertials in first-year plumage. The underpartsare pale buff-brown to pale buff-grey with buff-white, sandy-buff or pale rufous-cinnamon belly.The chest shows a slightly buffish wash. The chinand throat and undertail-coverts are greyishwhite.

Separation from Common RedstartMale Eastern Black Redstart superficially resem-bles Common Redstart (hence the scientificname phoenicuroides meaning ‘like phoenicu-rus’). In fact, the IJmuiden bird was already seenon 21 October but was then believed to be anaberrant Common Redstart. One of the skins atthe Zoological Museum Amsterdam (ZMA) wasfirst labelled as Common Redstart but was in facta juvenile or first-winter Eastern Black Redstart.This particular individual is the lower bird inplate 220-221. It indicates that confusion withCommon Redstart is a potential pitfall to con-sider.

Autumn males Eastern Black Redstart differfrom similarly plumaged Common Redstart bythe black of the throat extending further downthe breast, more extensive orange-red on bellyand flanks and a different wing structure resultingin a different p5-6 and p6-7 spacing ratio. Seetable 3 for an overview of differences.

In female Eastern Black Redstart, the absenceof any rufous or buff on the underparts above thevent separates it from female Common Redstart(Cramp 1988).

Separation from Western Black Redstart Adult male Eastern Black Redstart is readily dis-tinguished from Western Black Redstart (P ogibraltariensis and P o aterrimus) by the rufousunderparts. Females are less dusky overall andmuch paler brown below than female WesternBlack Redstart and have a more distinct eye-ring,pale throat and peach tone to the upperbreast.First-winter males in female-type plumage have apaler belly and orange-coloured lower flanks andvent.

Separation from hybrid Black x Common RedstartHybridization between Black Redstart of the sub-species P o gibraltariensis and nominate CommonRedstart occurs regularly in Europe in the wild,and proven hybrids have turned up in Finland,Poland, Sweden and Switzerland. These hybridscan appear very similar to Eastern Black Redstartand various papers have dealt with this problem(eg, Nicolai et al 1996, Lambert 1997, Lindholm2001).

Male hybrids Black x Common Redstart show abreast pattern that is very similar to Eastern BlackRedstart. The throat and upperbreast are blackand the lowerbreast and flanks are orange.However, there are a few hybrid features thatdiffer from Eastern Black Redstart. Most hybridsshow a pale wing-panel as in the western subspe-cies of Black Redstart and an extensive pale patchon belly and vent – usually an elongated centralwhite stripe – reminiscent of Common Redstart.Also, the lowerbreast, belly and flanks of Eastern

FIGURE 2A Wing of Common Redstart / Gekraagde Roodstaart Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Rob S A van Bemmelen).Structure of the wing is very different from Black Redstart P ochruros. Common has no emargination on p6. Wing-tip is at p3-4 and spacing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 of Common is 1:0.90. Note that because wing-tip is at p3-4,spacing ratio between p4-5 and p5-6 in Common can look similar to ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 in Black.

FIGURE 2B Wing of Western Black Redstart / Westelijke Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis(Rob S A van Bemmelen). Wing structure is comparable with that of Eastern Black Redstart P o phoenicuroides. Thespacing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 is 1:2.29. Emargination length ratio between p4 and p6 is 1:0.61.

FIGURE 2C Wing of hybrid Black x Common Redstart / hybride Zwarte x Gekraagde Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochru-ros x phoenicurus (Rob S A van Bemmelen). The structure of the wing of hybrid Black x Common has intermediatecharacters between the two parental species. In 53%, birds have no emargination on p6, as shown in Black; 47% have an emargination length ratio between p4 and p6 of 1:0.47, different from the 1:0.63 of Eastern BlackRedstart P o phoenicuroides. The spacing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 is measured at 1:1.33.

FIGURE 2D Wing of Eastern Black Redstart / Oostelijke Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides(Rob S A van Bemmelen). The structure of the wing of Common P phoenicurus, Black and hybrid Black x CommonRedstart differs markedly. The wing-tip of Eastern Black is at p4-5 whereas in Common this is at p3-4. Anotherimportant difference between Black (of any subspecies) and Common is the presence of an emargination on p6 inBlack. Typically, the primary spacing of Eastern Black, measured by the ratio between p5-6 and p6-7, is 1:2.19 and serves as an important identification character. Emargination length ratio between p4 and p6 is 1:0.63. Whenassessing primary spacing, one should keep in mind that p10 is sometimes hidden under the secondaries.

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spacing ratio p5-6:p6-7 = 1:0.90no emargination on p6

spacing ratio p5-6:p6-7 = 1:2.29

emargination length ratio p4:p6 = 1:0.61

spacing ratio p5-6:p6-7 = 1:2.19

emargination length ratio p4:p6 = 1:0.63

spacing ratio p5-6:p6-7 = 1:1.33

emargination length ratio p4:p6 = 1:0.47

A Common Redstart B Western Black Redstart

C hybrid Black x Common Redstart D Eastern Black Redstart

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Black Redstart are more deeply uniformly colour-ed orange-red. However, perhaps the most valu-able difference between hybrid Black x CommonRedstart and Eastern Black Redstart, however, iswing structure. The wing of Black Redstart (of anysubspecies) is characterized by four primaries(p3-6) which are more or less even in length (p4 is longest), resulting in a rounded wing-tip.Common Redstart has p3-5 of even length (p3 islongest), with p6 being noticeably shorter, result-ing in a more pointed wing-tip (Cramp 1988). Inhybrid Black x Common Redstart, this effect is,although not as pronounced, still visible. The dif-ferences in primary length result in different spacing ratios between p5-6 and p6-7 on Black,Common and hybrid Black x Common Redstart.These are measured at 1:2.29, 1:0.90 and 1:1.33,respectively. Statistical analysis using a post-hocTukey HSD test revealed that these spacing ratiosdiffer significantly between P o gibraltariensis andP p phoenicurus, P o phoenicuroides and hybrids,P o gibraltariensis and hybrids and between P pphoenicurus and hybrids (all P=0.000), and con-firmed the similarity in wing structure of P ogibraltariensis and P o phoenicuroides (P=0.921)

(see figure 3). Under good viewing conditions,the primary spacing is visible in the field (or onhigh quality photographs or video stills) and itcan serve as an important identification feature.In a German study where hybridization experi-ments between P o ochruros and P p phoenicuruswere carried out (Ertan 2002), the average spa-cing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 was measuredat 1:1.22 (n=12). Two values of these hybridswere within the range of (Eastern) Black Redstart(1:1.83 and 1:2.25). These values are out-liers compared with the other measurements (seefigure 3).

Besides primary length differences, there aredifferences in primary emarginations (figure 4).Black Redstart has emarginations on the outerweb of p3-6, Common Redstart on p3-5 andhybrid Black x Common Redstart on p3-5, andsometimes on p6 (but then less obvious andshorter than in Black Redstart). In Black Redstartthe length of the emargination on p6 is 0.61times the length of the emargination on p4(measurements from Ertan 2002). In two knownhybrids Black x Common Redstart this was meas-ured at 0.43 and 0.50, respectively. On a male

Eastern Black Redstarts at IJmuiden, the Netherlands, and on Guernsey, Channel Islands, in October 2003

P o g

P o p

P p p

hybrid

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5spacing ratio p5-6:p6-7

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8emargination length ratio p4:p6

P o g

P o p

hybrid

FIGURE 3 Spacing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 of Western Black Redstart / Westelijke Zwarte Roodstaart Phoeni-curus ochruros gibraltariensis (P o g), Eastern Black Redstart / Oostelijke Zwarte Roodstaart P o phoenicuroides (P op), Common Redstart / Gekraagde Roodstaart P phoenicurus phoenicurus (P p p) and hybrid Black x CommonRedstart / hybride Zwarte x Gekraagde Roodstaart (hybrid).

FIGURE 4 Emargination length ratio between p4 and p6 of Western Black Redstart / Westelijke Zwarte RoodstaartPhoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis (P o g), Eastern Black Redstart / Oostelijke Zwarte Roodstaart P o phoenicuroi-des (P o p) and hybrid Black x Common Redstart / hybride Zwarte x Gekraagde Roodstaart (hybrid). Value markedwith * is a statistical outlier from measurements in Nicolai et al (1996).

In both figures, rectangles represent 50% of all values, vertical lines within rectangles are median values and hori-zontal bars are value ranges. All values based on same data as in table 4. Values marked with * and ° are statisticaloutliers.

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220-221 Eastern Black Redstarts / Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaarten Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides, skins atZoological Musem Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands, November 2003 (Laurens B Steijn). Above: probablysecond-calendar year male, collected at Tien Shan, Kyrgizia, on 22 August 1907; below: post-juvenile (first-winter)male, collected in eastern Kazakhstan on 18 August 1910. Immature males gradually become greyer on the upper-parts through winter because of wear. In the post-juvenile male, the upperparts are still very brown but grey feath-ers are beginning to emerge. In the second calendar-year male, the black of the throat is more intense and the backmore grey. Also note spacing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 and pale feathering on vent of lower bird (on upper

bird, feathers of vent lacking and pale stuffing material visible).

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222 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides, first-winter male,IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, 23 October 2003 (Patrick Palmen). An important difference between Black RedstartP ochruros (of any subspecies) and Common Redstart P phoenicurus is the presence of an emargination on p6 inBlack. Hybrid Black x Common Redstarts sometimes show emargination on p6 but this is shorter than in Black.Emargination length ratio between p4 and p6 of Black is 0.63. In hybrid Black x Common, it is 0.45. In this bird,

emargination length ratio between p4 and p6 is measured at 0.62.

hybrid caught in Bad Harzburg, Niedersachsen,Germany, on 13 June 1995, the length of theemargination on p6 was measured at 0.32 timesthe length of the emargination on p4 (cf Nicolaiet al 1996, see * in figure 4). Out of 12 hybridsbred in captivity, only four showed an emargina-tion on p6 and these were measured at 0.46 to0.50 times the length of the emargination on p4.In hybrids with an emargination on p6, this valuediffers significantly from both taxa of BlackRedstart (P=0.000). Again, the similarity of P ogibraltariensis and P o phoenicuroides was con-firmed (P=0.238).

Both the primary spacing ratio and the shorterand less obvious emargination on p6 in hybridBlack x Common Redstart are obviously inter-mediate expressions of characters shown by theparental species.

TaxonomyEastern Black Redstart is a distinctive bird and it isperhaps surprising that is treated as a subspeciesof Black Redstart. There are obvious differencesin plumage between Eastern Black Redstart andwestern subspecies of Black Redstart, not only in

males but also in female-type plumages. Contraryto the western subspecies P o gibraltariensis, P ophoenicuroides is a long-distance migrant. Thebreeding and wintering ranges do not overlapwith any of the dark-bellied subspecies or withnominate P o ochruros (see figure 1).

To support these differences, DNA studiesthrough microsatellite analysis by Ertan (2002)revealed that P o phoenicuroides and P o rufi-ventris are ‘either associated together withHodgon’s Redstart P hodsgoni (a short-distancemigrant, resembling P o phoenicuroides, breed-ing in western China and wintering in theHimalayan foothills) or are seen as divergenttaxa’. This means that, using DNA studiesthrough microsatellite analysis, both P o phoeni-curoides and P o rufiventris appear to be closerrelated to Hodgson’s Redstart P hodgsoni than toWestern Black Redstart P o gibraltariensis andshould therefore be treated as a different speciesgroup. Cytochrome-b sequencing revealed gene-tic differences of up to 3% between P o gibralta-riensis and P o phoenicuroides and up to 3.7%between P o gibraltariensis and P o rufiventris.P o phoenicuroides and P hodgsoni differed by

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223 Skins of redstarts / roodstaarten Phoenicurus, Zoological Museum Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands,November 2003 (Laurens B Steijn). From top to bottom: Common Redstart / Gekraagde Roodstaart P phoenicurursphoenicurus, female, collected at Haarlem, Noord-Holland, Netherlands, on 20 September 1977; Eastern BlackRedstart / Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart P o phoenicuroides, post-juvenile (first-winter) male, collected in easternKazakhstan on 18 August 1910; and Western Black Redstart / Westerse Zwarte Roodstaart P ochrurosgibraltariensis, male, collected at Roermond, Limburg, Netherlands, on 27 September 1905. Note differences in

spacing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 between the three taxa.

6.1% (Ertan 2002). To compare, for instance,Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and CollaredFlycatcher F albicollis differ by 3.0-3.2% (Saetreet al 2001).

It would be interesting to put the characters ofEastern Black Redstart P o phoenicuroides along-side the ‘Guidelines for assigning species rank’(Helbig et al 2002). This paper states that allo-patric taxa (geographically separated taxa, suchas P o gibraltariensis and P o phoenicuroides)should be assigned full species rank if ‘they arefully diagnosable in each of several discrete orcontinuously varying characters related to diffe-rent functional contexts, eg, structural features(often related to foraging strategy), plumagecolours, vocalizations (both often related to materecognition) or DNA sequences, and the sum ofthe character differences corresponds to orexceeds the level of divergence seen in relatedspecies that coexist in sympatry.’

On basis of the above information, it deserves

consideration to treat the red-bellied subspeciesof Black Redstart, comprising P o phoenicuroidesand P o rufiventris, as a separate species underthe name Eastern Black Redstart P phoenicuroi-des. The taxonomic status of P o ochruros, whichis intermediate between Eastern Black Redstartand Western Black Redstart in many aspects,requires further research.

ConclusionsThe two individuals in October 2003 constitutethe first well-documented records of P o phoeni-curoides for western Europe. The rarity of thistaxon in western Europe is remarkable conside-ring the fact that it is a long-distance migrant,sharing its breeding and wintering range withother passerines well known as vagrants in west-ern Europe. The reasons why there are so fewrecords are probably: 1 the majority of immaturemales Black Redstart (of any subspecies) have afemale-type plumage and are therefore difficult

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224 Common Redstart / Gekraagde Roodstaart Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus, first-winter female,Schleswig-Holstein, Helgoland, Germany, 14 October 2004 (Bas van den Boogaard). Note similarity to femaleEastern Black Redstart P ochruros phoenicuroides depicted in plate 236-237. Note, however, that spacing ratiobetween p5-6 and p6-7 in this bird is 1:0.90 225 Common Redstart / Gekraagde Roodstaart Phoenicurus phoeni-curus phoenicurus, first-winter male, Boschplaat, Terschelling, Friesland, Netherlands, 29 September 2004 (ArieOuwerkerk). First-winter males Common Redstart can always be sexed, unlike first-winter males Black RedstartP ochruros of which 88% have a female-type (or ‘cairei’) plumage. The wing-tip of Common Redstart is typicallyformed by p3 or p4. In this bird, it is formed by p4. Spacing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 is measured at 1:0.94.

Also visible is the absence of an emargination on p6.

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226-227 Western Black Redstart / Westerse Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis, first-winter femaleor first-winter male in female-type plumage, Lemland, Lågskär, Finland, 27 October 2004 (Sampo Laukkanen).

Note ashy-grey upperparts and underparts, including flank, and spacing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7.

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228 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides, first-winter male,Musandam, Oman, 26 January 2003 (Hanne & Jens Eriksen). Note similarity to IJmuiden and Guernsey individuals.Pale lower belly is typical for immature. 229 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurusochruros phoenicuroides, female, Musandam, Oman, 18 January 2003 (Hanne & Jens Eriksen). Although similar tofemale Western Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis, note pale throat, slight brown-orange colour

to flank and pale greyish-brown upperparts.

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230-231 Hybrid Black x Common Redstart / hybride Zwarte x Gekraagde Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros x phoe-nicurus, adult male, Fanø, Denmark, 3 October 2000 (Per Kjær). Note white secondary/tertial patch. Although diffi-cult to see in this photograph, spacing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 is measured at 1:1.35, fitting hybrid Black x

Common Redstart and excluding Eastern Black Redstart P o phoenicuroides.

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to identify and thus probably overlooked; and2 a number of presumed or proven hybrids Blackx Common Redstart can look very similar to P ophoenicuroides and have turned up in Europe inthe last 10 years (most in spring/summer),making a certain identification difficult. How-ever, there seem to be a few consistent differ-ences: 1 the colour of the lowerbreast, belly andflank in P o phoenicuroides is deeper and more

uniform than in hybrids; 2 hybrids often show apale wing patch (not shown in P o phoenicuroi-des); 3 hybrids show a pale patch on thecentral/lower belly, where P o phoenicuroides isuniformly coloured orange-red; 4 P o phoenicu-roides has emarginations on p3-6 (as in othersubspecies of Black Redstart), in hybrids this ison p3-5 and sometimes on p6 but then lessobvious and shorter; and 5 hybrids have a differ-

232 Hybrid Black x Common Redstart / hybride Zwarte x Gekraagde Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros x phoenicu-rus, Groote Peel, Ospel, Limburg, Netherlands, 22 April 2005 (Laurens B Steijn). Note white secondary/tertial patchand black throat-patch extending to upperbreast. Also visible in this photograph is the spacing ratio between p5-6and p6-7 which is measured at 1:1.22. All these features point towards a hybrid. Interestingly, this bird sang forc 80% of the time as a Common Redstart and for 20% as a Black Redstart. 233 Hybrid Black x Common Redstart /hybride Zwarte x Gekraagde Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros x phoenicurus, Groote Peel, Ospel, Limburg,Netherlands, 22 April 2005 (Laurens B Steijn). Same bird as in plate 232. Note white stripe on central belly andblack throat-patch extending to upperbreast. 234-235 Hybrid Black x Common Redstart / hybride Zwarte xGekraagde Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros x phoenicurus, adult male, Erstavik, Nacka, Stockholm, Sweden, 28 April 2002 (Göran Knutas). Note white secondary/tertial patch and white stripe on central belly, reminiscent ofCommon Redstart. Spacing ratio beyween p5-6 and p6-7 is measured at 1:1.20, fitting hybrid Black x Common

Redstart and excluding Eastern Black Redstart P o phoenicuroides.

232 233

234 235

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ent wing structure, resulting in a spacing ratiobetween p5-6 and p6-7 of 1:1.2 to 1:1.3 whereasP o phoenicuroides has an average ratio of1:2.19 (ranging from 1:1.57 to 1:3.0).

The IJmuiden and Guernsey birds both showedall the characters associated with Eastern BlackRedstart. The primary spacing ratio of both birdswas measured to be 1:2 and falls well within therange of P o phoenicuroides. Therefore, both birdshave been accepted by, respectively, the Dutchrarities committee (CDNA) and the GuernseyRarities Committee (Mark Lawlor in litt).

When encountering a presumed Eastern Black

Redstart in western Europe, it is advised to payattention to the combination of the five charactersdescribed above. Of course, it will require verydetailed observations but it should be possiblewith good quality photographs or videostills.

AcknowledgementsI especially thank Mark Lawlor who supplied allmaterial on the Guernsey bird and commentedon the first draft of this paper. Furthermore, I want to thank René Dekker (NNM) and TinekePrins and Kees (C S) Roselaar (ZMA) for kindlypermitting me to examine skins at the NNM and

236-237 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris, female, Jaisalmer,India, 6 January 2005 (Laurens B Steijn). Note orange-coloured flanks, pale throat and similarity to CommonRedstart P phoenicurus. However, Common shows orange underparts up to throat. 238-239 Probable EasternBlack Redstart / vermoedelijke Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides, first-winter male, Helgoland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, 28 October 1995 (Klaus Drissner). This record has not beensubmitted to the German rarities committee. Note similarity to IJmuiden and Guernsey individuals. Both birdsshowed orange-coloured underwing coverts, as shown by this individual. Unfortunately, on the available

photographs, primary spacing can not be ascertained.

236 237

238 239

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241 242

240

243 244

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ZMA, respectively. CSR also supplied measure-ments on wing structure and additional informa-tion on the geographical variation of the BlackRedstart complex. Arnoud van den Berg washelpful in allowing me to study the relevant lite-rature. I thank Leo Boon for collecting informa-tion. Rob van Bemmelen helped me with the sta-tistical analysis of the biometrics and kindlyprovided the drawings. Ferry Ossendorp assistedme on the study of the skins and commented ondrafts of the paper. Furthermore, I thank thefollowing persons who helped me in any otherway: Peter Adriaens, Peter Barthel, Max Berlijn,Christian Cederroth, Rolf Christensen, Gunter DeSmet, Harvey van Diek, Klaus Drissner, EnnoEbels, Jens Eriksen, Hans ter Haar, ChaiyanKasorndorkbua, Janne Kilpimaa, Per Kjaer, GoranKnutas, Sander Lagerveld, Antti Lind, DominicMitchell, Eddy Nieuwstraten, Urban Olsson,Gerald Oreel, Patrick Palmen, Lars RaunsgaardPedersen, Mattias Petterson, Otto Plantema,André van der Plas, Laurent Raty, Colin Richard-son, George Sangster, Marnix Vandegehuchteand Steven Wytema.

SamenvattingOOSTERSE ZWARTE ROODSTAARTEN TE IJMUIDEN, NEDERLAND,EN OP GUERNSEY, KANAALEILANDEN, IN OKTOBER 2003 EN

HUN HERKENNING, VERSPREIDING EN TAXONOMIE Van 21 tot23 oktober en van 28 tot 31 oktober 2003 werden tweeverschillende Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaarten Phoeni-curus ochruros phoenicuroides waargenomen in West-Europa. De eerste werd ontdekt aan de rand van dejachthaven van IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, Nederland,en de tweede bij Vazon Bay, Guernsey, Kanaal-eilanden, c 570 km ten zuidwesten van IJmuiden.Gedrag en habitatkeuze waren typisch voor ZwarteRoodstaart. Dit zijn waarschijnlijk de eerste goed gedo-cumenteerde gevallen voor West-Europa. In West-Europa is één eerder geval van P o phoenicuroides: eenvrouwtjes-type op 28 oktober 1993 te Zeebrugge,West-Vlaanderen, België, maar omdat dit niet erg goedgedocumenteerd is lijkt het onwaarschijnlijk dat ditaanvaardbaar blijft. Een waarneming in Hamra, Got-land, Zweden, op 15 november 1986 is niet op onder-

soort gebracht en is aanvaard als mannetje met ken-merken van P o ochruros/rufiventris/ semirufus. In tabel 1 staan mogelijke en waarschijnlijke waarnemin-gen in Europa tot 2003.

De zeldzaamheid van Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart isopvallend gezien het feit dat dit taxon een lange-afstandstrekker is met een broed- en overwinteringsge-bied dat vergelijkbaar is met soorten als bijvoorbeeldHumes Bladkoning Phylloscopus humei en DaurischeKlauwier Lanius isabellinus, beide regelmatige dwaal-gasten in West-Europa. De reden hiervoor zijn waar-schijnlijk: 1 de meeste onvolwassen mannetjes ZwarteRoodstaart (van iedere ondersoort) hebben een vrouw-tjes-type kleed en zijn daarom moeilijk te herkennenwaardoor ze in het veld niet opgemerkt worden; en2 er is in Europa in de laatste 10 jaar een aantal ver-moedelijke en zekere hybride Zwarte x GekraagdeRoodstaart P phoenicurus waargenomen (alle in voor-jaar en zomer). Deze vogels kunnen sterk op P o phoe-nicuroides lijken, wat identificatie moeilijk maakt. Tochblijkt er een aantal constante verschillen te bestaan tus-sen deze hybriden en P o phoenicuroides: 1 de kleurvan de onderborst, buik en flank van P o phoenicuroi-des is meer uniform dan bij hybriden; 2 hybriden heb-ben vaak een lichte vleugelvlek (niet bij P o phoenicu-roides); 3 hybriden hebben op de midden- enonderbuik een lichte/witte kleuring, vergelijkbaar metGekraagde Roodstaart; P o phoenicuroides is hier uni-form oranje-rood gekleurd; 4 P o phoenicuroides heefteen versmalling op de buitenvlag van p3-6 (gelijk aanandere ondersoorten van Zwarte Roodstaart), bij hybri-den is dit op p3-5 en soms op p6 maar dan minder dui-delijk en korter; en 5 hybriden hebben een anderevleugelformule wat resulteert in een andere lengtever-houding tussen p5-6 en p6-7; bij hybriden is dit 1:1.2tot 1:1.3, terwijl dit bij P o phoenicuroides gemiddeld1:2.19 is (bandbreedte van 1:1.57 tot 1:3.0).

Zowel de vogel van IJmuiden als die van Guernseytoonden alle genoemde kenmerken. De lengteverhou-ding tussen p5-6 en p6-7 van beide vogels is gemetenop 1:2.0 en valt dus ruim binnen de marge van P ophoenicuroides.

ReferencesCramp, S (editor) 1988. The birds of the Western

Palearctic 5. Oxford.De Smet, G & Vercruysse, E 1994. First record of

240-241 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides, first-winterfemale, Landsort, Sweden, 23 October 2000 (Mattias Petterson). Note pale upperparts, prominent eye-ring, darkunderparts with slight peach tone to breast and pale lower belly. Spacing ratio between p5-6 and p6-7 and lengthof emargination on p6 show this is an Eastern Black Redstart, not a hybrid.242 Possible Eastern Black Redstart / mogelijke Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides,first-winter male in female-type plumage, Helgoland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, 22 October 1973 (VolkerKonrad). Note orange-coloured flank, pale lower belly and prominent eye-ring.243-244 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris, adult male,Ranthambhor, India, 31 December 2004 (Laurens B Steijn). Both phoenicuriodes and rufiventris can have blackupperparts as in this individuaI. However, phoenicuroides mostly shows a pale grey crown, so this bird probablybelongs to rufiventris.

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Eastern Black Redstarts at IJmuiden, the Netherlands, and on Guernsey, Channel Islands, in October 2003

Eastern Black Redstart in Belgium. Oriolus 60: 66-68.

van Dongen, R M, Haas, K & de Rouw, P W W 2004.Recente meldingen Nederland: maart-april 2004.Dutch Birding 26: 208-215, 278.

Ertan, K T 2002. Evolutionary biology of the genusPhoenicurus. Phylogeography, natural hybridisationand population dynamics. Marburg.

Evans, L G R 1994. Rare birds in Britain 1800-1990.Little Chalfont.

Glutz von Blotzheim, U N & Bauer, K M 1988.Handbuch der Vögel Mitteleuropas 11. Wiesbaden.

Grimmett, R, Inskipp, C & Inskipp, T 1999. Pocketguide to the birds of the Indian Subcontinent.London.

Helbig, A, Knox, A, Parkin, D, Sangster, G & Collinson,M 2002. Guidelines for assigning species rank. Ibis144: 518-525.

King, J 1996. Black news on eastern Redstarts. BirdingWorld 9: 244.

Lambert, M 1997. Cantonnement et nidification d’unhybride Rougequeue noir x Rougequeue à frontblanc présentant les caractéristiques de Phoenicurusochrurus phoenicuroides. Aves 34: 32-38.

Lindholm, A 2001. Apparent hybrid redstarts in Finlandresembling Black Redstart of eastern subspeciesphoenicuroides. Br Birds 94: 538-545.

Nicolai, B, Schmidt, C & Schmidt, F-U 1996. Gefieder-

merkmale, Maße and Alterskennzeichen des Haus-rotschwanzes Phoenicurus ochrurus. Limicola 10: 1-41.

Plomp, M, Olivier, R, Berlijn, M, Boon, L J R, van denBosch, J, Ebels, E B, Lagerveld, S, Linckens, A,Luijendijk, T J C & de Vries, P 2004. Dutch Birdingvideojaaroverzicht 2003. Videocassette/DVD. Lin-schoten.

Rebis, M 1998. [A record of a hybrid between theCommon Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus andBlack Redstart Ph. ochruros.] Not Ornitol 39: 50. [InPolish; English summary.]

Richardson, C 1990. The birds of the United ArabEmirates. Cheshire.

Robinson, D & Chapman, A 1992. Birds of theSouthern Gulf. London.

Roselaar, C S & Shirihai, H in prep. Handbook ofgeographical variation of Palearctic birds. London.

Saetre, G-P, Borge, T, Lindell, J, Moum, T, Primmer, C R, Sheldon, B C, Haavie, J, Johnsen, A & Ellegren,H 2001. Speciation, introgressive hybridization andnonlinear rate of molecular evolution in flycatchers.Mol Ecol 10: 737-749.

Steijn, L 2003. DB Actueel: Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaartte IJmuiden. Dutch Birding 25: 441-443.

Svensson, L 1992. Identification guide to European pas-serines. Fourth edition. Stockholm.

Laurens B Steijn, Transvaalstraat 10a, 1092 HK Amsterdam, Netherlands ([email protected])

˛ ´

245 Eastern Black Redstart / Oosterse Zwarte Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros phoenicuroides, first-winter male,IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, Netherlands, 23 October 2003 (Arnoud B van den Berg)

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Rutger J W van Ouwerkerk, Leo J R Boon & Enno B Ebels

p zondag 2 juni 2002 wandelde Rutger vanOuwerkerk in de duinen bij Castricum,

Noord-Holland, in de hoop een RoodmusCarpodacus erythrinus te vinden. Op de vanOldenborghweg ontmoette hij ReinoudVermoolen, die ook voor de Roodmus bleek tezijn gekomen en ze raakten in gesprek. Om c12:00 zag RvO iets zweven, richtte zijn kijker enriep na enkele seconden: ‘Lammergier’. RV hadde vogel inmiddels ook in de kijker en riep ‘ja,juveniel’. De Lammergier Gypaetus barbatusbevond zich op c 100 m boven beide waarne-mers en hing stil in de lucht, zonder met zijnvleugels te slaan of te cirkelen, gebruikmakendvan de vrij krachtige wind (OZO 3-4 B). Naenkele vreugdekreten werd de vogel uitgebreidbekeken door de telescoop waarbij kenmerkenhardop werden uitgewisseld; er werden geentekenen van een verleden in gevangenschapgezien. Hij werd even later aangevallen door eenBuizerd Buteo buteo en het verschil in spanwijd-te was enorm. Na c 10 min won de vogel lang-zaam hoogte, nog steeds zonder met de vleugelste slaan of te cirkelen en op c 200 m hoogtedraaide hij een kwartslag en zeilde af in noorde-lijke richting. RV bedacht ondertussen dat anderein het terrein aanwezige vogelaars gewaar-schuwd moesten worden. Bellen bleek onmoge-lijk vanwege het slechte bereik in de duinen endaarom trok hij een sprint in noordelijke richtingwaar zich Thierry Jansen en Maarten-PieterLantsheer bevonden. Zij werden op tijd gewaar-schuwd om de vogel over te zien zeilen. Evenlater werd de waarneming bekend gemaakt viade Dutch Birding-vogellijn en het semafooncir-cuit. De Lammergier werd een half uur later, om12:45, waargenomen over Hargen, Noord-Holland, c 19 km naar het noorden. Vanaf 15:00tot donker verbleef de vogel in De Slufter opTexel, Noord-Holland, c 48 km ten noorden vanHargen. Later die dag bleek dat om 10:45 eenLammergier was gemeld door Belgische voge-laars vliegend in noordelijke richting over deLepelaarsplassen, Flevoland. Deze waarnemingis echter niet gedocumenteerd en niet ingediend.

In de vroege ochtend van 3 juni konden vele10-tallen vogelaars die met de eerste boot naarTexel waren overgestoken bevestigen dat deLammergier geen merktekens (zoals gebleektepennen) in vleugels of staart vertoonde. Hij bleeftwee dagen aanwezig op de noordpunt van Texel,de eerste uren op 3 juni in De Slufter en daarnain de omgeving van De Cocksdorp, waarbij hijzich goed liet bekijken en fotograferen. Toen devogel later op de ochtend van 3 juni enige tijd opc 150 m afstand op een mesthoop aan deHoofdweg zat – waarbij de bevedering van depoten af en toe opwoei – konden onder anderenEus van der Burg, Ted Hoogendoorn, Gert Ottensen Gerard Steinhaus met zekerheid vaststellen dathij aan beide poten ongeringd was (GerardSteinhaus pers meded). Op 4 juni verliet hij Texelin zuidelijke richting; diezelfde dag werd om21:40 melding gemaakt van een overvliegendeLammergier boven Haarlem, Noord-Holland,maar deze waarneming bleef ongedocumenteerden werd niet ingediend (cf Ebels 2002).

BeschrijvingDe beschrijving is gebaseerd op veldnotities vanRvO en foto’s van Leo Boon, Lucien Davids enMarten van Dijl (cf Dutch Birding 24: 192, plaat169, 235, plaat 191, 246, plaat 208 & 210,2002, 26: DB 26-2 (omslag), 2004).

GROOTTE & BOUW Zeer groot, spanwijdte geschat op c 2.60 m door directe vergelijking met Buizerd. Opval-lend brede vleugels. Staart ver uitstekend en met waai-ervormig uiteinde. Lengte van staart ongeveer gelijkaan vleugelbreedte. Achterrand van vleugel opvallend‘gezaagd’ door puntig toelopende slagpennen en gol-ving vertonend door geleidelijk verloop van slagpen-lengte. Halverwege vleugelachterrand kleine ‘uitstul-ping’ veroorzaakt door enkele verder uitstekendearmpennen. Door formaat van vleugels en staart,lichaam en kop klein lijkend. Vijf ‘vingers’ aan vleugelzichtbaar.KOP Egaal zwartbruin, als donkere kopkap. Afhangen-de donkere ‘baard’ over snavelbasis.BOVENDELEN Donker bruingrijs met wat lichte vlek-king op rug.

[Dutch Birding 27: 195-201, 2005]

O

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ONDERDELEN Hals egaal zwartbruin met scherpe over-gang naar lichter gekleurde borst. Onderdelen inclusiefoksel en onderstaartdekveren egaal lichtbeige tot licht-grijs. VLEUGEL Ondervleugel donkerbruin, onderbrokendoor lichte, witachtige smalle band over hele lengtevan vleugel op overgang van dekveren naar slagpen-nen; polsvlek van zelfde lichte kleur. Vingers iets don-kerder zwartbruin. Geen kunstmatig gebleekte pennenaanwezig.STAART Donker bruingrijs. Geen kunstmatig gebleektepennen aanwezig.NAAKTE DELEN Snavel en poot lichtgrijs. Iris licht.Ongeringd.RUI & SLEET Binnenste handpennen in beide vleugelsiets lichter van tint, waarschijnlijk nieuwe, geruidepennen. In rechtervleugel armpennen direct naastlichaam ontbrekend.VLUCHT Bij zweven vleugel meestal met rechte voor-rand maar soms hand meer naar achteren gebogenwaardoor knik ter hoogte van pols ontstaand. Tijdensafzeilen bij waarneming van achteren opvallende vleu-gelhouding met horizontale armvleugel, naar benedengebogen handvleugel en omhoog gekrulde ‘vingers’.

Determinatie en leeftijdbepalingDe determinatie als Lammergier is eenvoudig:het grote formaat in combinatie met de vorm vande staart sluit alle andere roofvogels uit. Het

verenkleed met donkere nek en hals past alleenop een onvolwassen exemplaar. De aanwezig-heid van iets lichtere binnenste handpennen incombinatie met een ongevlekte ondervleugel envrij egaal gekleurd lichaam wijst op een vogelouder dan een jaar (bij een juveniel zijn alleslagpennen donker; bij een subadult zijn onder-vleugels en lichaam gevlekt). Ook de nog geheeldonkere kop en de ontbrekende binnenste arm-pen(nen) ondersteunen deze leeftijdsbepaling (cf Forsman 1999, Ferguson-Lees & Christie2001). De leeftijdsbepaling als een tweede-zomer (derde-kalenderjaar) – dus een exemplaardat is geboren in 2000 – is later bevestigd doorRichard Zink en Jules Heuret (in litt) aan de handvan foto’s. De lichte tekening op de bovendelenzou volgens hen op een Spaanse herkomst kun-nen duiden omdat Spaanse vogels iets lichtergetekende bovendelen zouden hebben danvogels uit de Alpen. De oorspronkelijke popula-tie uit de Alpen is uitgestorven en de herintro-ductiepopulatie vormt voor zover bekend eenmengsel van exemplaren en nakomelingen vanverschillende genetische oorsprong; daardoor isde betekenis van eventuele kleedverschillen vanindividuen van deze populatie in vergelijkingmet vogels van andere populaties beperkt.

246 Lammergier / Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus, derde-kalenderjaar, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, 3 juni 2002 (Marten van Dijl)

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Herkomst In eerste instantie werd verwacht dat dezeLammergier was uitgezet als ‘projectvogel’ in hetkader van herintroductie in de Alpen. Dit ligtvoor de hand omdat alle eerdere waarnemingenvan de soort in Nederland steeds ‘projectvogels’uit de Alpen betroffen (cf van den Berg et al1997, Wiegant et al 1999ab, van den Berg &Bosman 2001). De vogel van 2002 had echtergeen merktekens zoals ringen of gebleekte pen-nen in vleugel of staart, zodat een projectvogelkon worden uitgesloten; de gebleekte pennenkunnen weliswaar door rui na enkele jaren alleverdwenen zijn maar de kans dat een vogel indie periode ook beide ringen verliest is extreemklein. De jonge leeftijd van de vogel van 2002(twee jaar oud) maakt het bovendien zeeronwaarschijnlijk dat alle gebleekte pennen alvervangen zouden kunnen zijn. Vervolgens werdgedacht aan een in het wild uitgebroede nako-meling van projectvogels; deze worden namelijkniet geringd of gemarkeerd (Jules Heuret in litt).Om meer over deze vogels te weten te komenwerd door ons contact opgenomen met de bege-leiders van het herintroductieproject. Daaruitkwam naar voren dat tot 2002 c 80 vogels in deAlpen zijn uitgezet (cf Lücker 1997, 1999, Sériot

1999). Deze brachten tot en met 2001 acht jon-gen groot. Drie hiervan hadden dezelfde leeftijdals de vogel van Castricum. Deze drie werdensteeds tamelijk intensief gevolgd en gefotogra-feerd en door vergelijking van de individuele rui-patronen aan de hand van recente foto’s werdhet uitgesloten geacht dat een van hen dezelfdewas als de Castricumse vogel. Wel was er aan-vankelijk verwarring omdat een van deze drieherintroductievogels, ‘Reposoir’, net als de vogelvan Castricum zijn binnenste armpennen miste.Bij nadere bestudering bleek echter dat het bij devogel van Castricum de rechtervleugel betrof enbij ‘Reposoir’ de linkervleugel (Jules Heuret enRichard Zink in litt). Ten slotte is geïnformeerdnaar de kans dat het een ontsnapte vogel konbetreffen. Volgens Hans Frey (in litt) van deFoundation for the Conservation of the BeardedVulture (FCBV) in Wenen, Oostenrijk, zijn alleEuropese Lammergieren in gevangenschap gere-gistreerd in verband met het reproductieprogram-ma. Het gaat hierbij om c 100 exemplaren en totjuli 2002 was geen van deze vogels ontsnapt.Navraag naar het aantal niet geregistreerdeLammergieren in gevangenschap in Europaleverde een schatting op van ‘slechts enkeleexemplaren’ (Richard Zink in litt). De kans dat de

247 Lammergier / Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus, derde-kalenderjaar, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-Holland, 3 juni 2002 (Marten van Dijl)

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TABEL 1 Waarnemingen van Lammergier Gypaetus barbatus in Europa (behalve Frankrijk, zie tabel 2) buiten dereguliere gebieden; omdat de soort in de meeste landen (nog) niet als (mogelijke) dwaalgast beoordeeld wordt, isde status van enkele waarnemingen onduidelijk, zowel wat determinatie als wat mogelijke herkomst betreft /reports of Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus in Europe (except for France, see table 2) outside the regular areas;because this species is not (yet) considered in most countries as a (possible) vagrant, the status of some reports is

unclear, regarding identification as well as possible provenance

Gemerkte projectvogels uit de Alpen / marked birdsfrom the Alps20 mei 1997, Tinte, Zuid-Holland, Nederland, tweede-

kalenderjaar; ‘Republic 9’ (BG-259), in verzwaktestaat gevangen en na herstel teruggebracht naarHaute-Savoie, Frankrijk (van den Berg et al 1997)

25-26 mei 1997, Oostvaardersplassen en Noordoost-polder, Flevoland, Nederland, tweede-kalenderjaar,‘Republic 8’ (BG-258) (van den Berg et al 1997)

4 november 1997, Vallais, Zwitserland, vijfde-kalen-derjaar vrouwtje, ‘Republic 5’, geschoten (DutchBirding 19: 305, 1997)

12-18 (19) mei 1998, Den Haag, (Zoetermeer,) Katwijken Noordwijk, Zuid-Holland, en Zandvoort, IJmui-den, Julianadorp, Den Helder en Texel, Noord-Holland, Nederland, tweede- of derde-kalenderjaarvrouwtje, ‘Gelas’ (BG-279); mogelijk op 19 meiwaargenomen in Broek in Waterland, Noord-Holland; op 24 mei 1998 teruggekeerd in NPMercantour, Alpes-Maritimes, Frankrijk, waar in1997 uitgezet en op 4 mei 1998 nog waargenomen(Ouweneel 1999, Ettema 2000; Dutch Birding 20:128, 1998)

[(12-13) 14-18 mei 1998, Zoetermeer, Zuid-Holland,Nederland, tweede-kalenderjaar (Dutch Birding 19:305, 1997); waarneming niet ingediend bij CDNA.(Het is onduidelijk of er in mei 1998 sprake was vanmeer dan één vogel; Ouweneel (1999) gaat er vanuitdat alle waarnemingen op één exemplaar betrekkinghadden en dat de vogel op 12 en 13 mei inZoetermeer eerder in Den Haag en later in Katwijkwerd gezien.)]

12 en 14-15 juni 1999, Skagen, Nordjylland, Dene-marken, derde-kalenderjaar (Dutch Birding 21: 172,1999); door de Deense dwaalgastencommissie (SU)aanvaard in de E-categorie als ‘waarschijnlijk ofzeker ontsnapt‘ (Thorup & Nielsen 2000)

16-17 en 22 juni 2003, Bøtø, Falster, Denemarken,tweede- of derde-kalenderjaar, ‘Franz’ (DutchBirding 25: 260, 2003; Richard Zink in litt); door deDeense dwaalgastencommissie aanvaard in de E-categorie als ‘waarschijnlijk of zeker ontsnapt’(Amstrup et al 2004)

Als ongemerkt opgegeven vogels / birds reported to beunmarked17-22 mei 2001, Altenkirchen en Hiddensee, Rügen,

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Duitsland, derde- ofvierde-kalenderjaar (Limicola 15: 176-177, 2001)

2-4 juni 2002, Castricum, Hargen en Texel, Noord-Holland, Nederland, derde-kalenderjaar

26-28 mei 2003, Skagerak, Denemarken, onvolwassen(Dutch Birding 25: 260, 2003; Rolf Christensen inlitt); de Deense dwaalgastencommissie achtte eenwilde herkomst niet bewezen, daarom aanvaard inde D-categorie als ‘mogelijk ontsnapt’ (Amstrup et al2004)

13 juni 2003, Utsira, Rogaland, Noorwegen, tweede-kalenderjaar (Dutch Birding 25: 260, 2003; VegardBunes in litt)

Vogels waarvan niet bekend is of ze (on)gemerkt waren /birds unknown to be (un)marked 21 maart 1994, derde-kalenderjaar, Madzharovo,

Bulgarije (eerste waarneming sinds 1980; DutchBirding 17: 76, 1995; Stoycho Stoychev in litt)

6 mei 1994, (bijna) adult, Madzharovo, Bulgarije(Dutch Birding 17: 76, 1995; Stoycho Stoychev inlitt)

mei 1995, adult, grensstreek van Bulgarije enGriekenland (Stoycho Stoychev in litt)

mei 1997, eerste-zomer, Schleswig-Holstein, Duitsland(Dutch Birding 19: 201, 1997)

[17 mei 1997, Villers-la-Ville, Brabant-Wallon, België,onvolwassen (van den Berg et al 1997, Gunter DeSmet in litt); waarneming niet ingediend bij Waalsedwaalgastencommissie (CH)]

9 mei 1998, Annevoie-Rouillon / Rivière, Namur,België, onvolwassen; determinatie aanvaard doorWaalse dwaalgastencommissie. (Hoewel debeschrijving geen aanwijzingen gaf dat het eengemerkte vogel betrof, kon deze mogelijkheid nietmet voldoende zekerheid worden uitgesloten(Gunter De Smet in litt).)

7 maart 1999, subadult, Bulgarije (Stoycho Stochev inlitt)

23 mei 2001, onvolwassen, Bulgarije (waarschijnlijkgemerkt; Stoycho Stochev in litt)

22 juni 2002, Bosa, Sardinië, Italië (Dutch Birding 24:308, 2002)

4 juni 2003, Marburg, Hessen, Duitsland, adult (DutchBirding 25: 260, 2003)

De melding van een onvolwassen Lammergier op 25juli 1999 bij De Bol op Texel werd niet aanvaard van-wege een gebrekkige beschrijving (Dutch Birding 23:344, 2001). De melding van drie onvolwassen exem-plaren bij Nesselbrun, Hessen, Duitsland, in 2002(Vegard Bunes in litt) is niet opgenomen in de tabelvanwege het ontbreken van bijzonderheden en docu-mentatie; dit zou de eerste waarneming in Noordwest-Europa van meer dan één exemplaar zijn.

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vogel is ontsnapt uit gevangenschap is dus zeerklein.

Voor informatie over het herintroductieprojectin de Alpen en de belevenissen van de tot en met2004 in totaal 20 in het wild uitgebroede jongenwordt verwezen naar de website ‘Bartgeier –Wiederansiedlung in den Alpen’ (www.wild.unizh.ch/bg/). Op deze website is ook informatiete vinden over alle geregistreerde Lammergierenin gevangenschap.

Alles overziend zijn er geen aanwijzingen datde Lammergier van juni 2002 een projectvogel,een in het wild uitgebroede nakomeling van pro-jectvogels of een ontsnapte vogel uit gevangen-schap was. Een wilde herkomst lijkt daarmeewaarschijnlijk. Onder ‘wild’ wordt door deCommissie Dwaalgasten Nederlandse Avifauna(CDNA) ook een vogel verstaan die in het wild isuitgebroed door één of twee ouders die zijn uit-gezet in het oorspronkelijke verspreidingsgebied,zoals de Alpen (cf van der Vliet et al 2004). Eenbewezen of aannemelijke herkomst uit de Alpenzou aanvaarding door de CDNA dus niet hoevente blokkeren, op voorwaarde dat met voldoendezekerheid bekend is dat de vogel in het wild isuitgebroed.

Voor een wilde Lammergier in Nederland zijn– naast de Alpen – de Pyreneeën het meest waar-schijnlijke herkomstgebied aangezien hier degrootste populatie in Europa voorkomt. Dezepopulatie heeft een groei doorgemaakt van c 100vogels in 1970 tot c 400 in 2001. Het afgelopendecennium bedroeg de groei c 5% per jaar. Vande c 400 vogels is ongeveer de helft onvolwas-sen. Deze worden steeds vaker buiten dePyreneeën waargenomen maar niet ten noorden

van hun broedgebied (Bertran & Margalida 1996,Margalida et al 2003, Woutersen 2003; cf tabel2). In Oostenrijk worden jonge Lammergierensoms gezien met groepen Vale Gieren Gyps ful-vus die uit Kroatië arriveren; iets dergelijks kan intheorie ook met een Lammergier in een groepnaar het noorden vliegende Vale Gieren uitSpanje gebeuren (Richard Zink pers meded). Dewaarnemingen in de afgelopen jaren in Neder-land van groepen Vale Gieren – net alsLammergieren een soort die sterk afhankelijk isvan thermiek om lange vluchten te maken –waaronder een exemplaar dat geringd was inSpanje (cf Ebels 2002) geven aan dat de omstan-digheden soms gunstig genoeg kunnen zijn voordergelijke lange vluchten.

Overige gevallen in Nederland en Europa Er zijn in de laatste jaren c 20 waarnemingen inEuropa buiten de reguliere gebieden (tabel 1).Uit Frankrijk zijn sinds het begin van de 19eeeuw 11 gevallen bekend buiten de Alpen en dePyreneeën, waaronder een terugmelding van eenin Oostenrijk geringd exemplaar (tabel 2). Hetblijkt voorts dat in het verleden, toen er nog geen

Lammergier van vermoedelijk wilde herkomst in Noord-Holland in juni 2002

TABEL 2 Waarnemingen van Lammergier Gypaetus bar-batus in Frankrijk buiten de Pyreneeën en Alpen (cfDubois et al 2000) / observations of LammergeierGypaetus barbatus in France outside the Pyrenees and

Alps (cf Dubois et al 2000)

voor 1840, Arles, Bouches-du-Rhône, tweevoor 1840, Montpellier, Hérault8 juli 1903, Mont Ventoux, Vauclusevoor 1925, l’Estérel, Var1936 Oléron, Charente-Maritime17 april 1973, les Alpilles, Bouches-du-Rhôneaugustus 1975, Cosne d’Allier, Allier21 juni 1980, basse Ardêche21 juni 1994, Beaugeay, Charente-Maritime (geringd in

Oostenrijk)18 juni 1997, Pontarlier, Doubsvoorjaar 1998, Aude

248 Lammergier / Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus,derde-kalenderjaar, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-

Holland, 3 juni 2002 (Leo J R Boon/Cursorius)

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Lammergier van vermoedelijk wilde herkomst in Noord-Holland in juni 2002

sprake was van herintroducties, twee keer eenexemplaar op grote afstand ten noordwesten vande broedgebieden is waargenomen (Charente-Maritime in 1936 en Allier in 1975) (tabel 2). Hetgaat met name voor de waarnemingen buitenFrankrijk hoofdzakelijk om onvolwassen vogelsin mei of juni. Dit voorkomen houdt waarschijn-lijk verband met temperaturen en windrichtingenin de periode voorafgaand aan de waarneming;het blijkt steeds te gaan om lange periodes metwarm weer en oostenwind. Het is interessant dateerder werd bewezen dat gemerkte en geringdeLammergieren uit herintroductieprojecten in deAlpen heen en weer tussen de Alpen enNederland kunnen vliegen (cf Ettema 2000, vanDijl 2004). Dergelijke waarnemingen uit 1997en 1998 tonen aan dat deze vogels een afstandvan 1000 km of meer goed kunnen overbruggen.De bewegingen van Lammergier ‘Gélas’ die inmei 1998 naar Nederland afdwaalde en binneneen week weer terugvloog naar de Alpen zijnzelfs onderwerp geworden van een afstudeeron-derzoek aan de Wageningen Universiteit naar demeteorologische factoren die een dergelijkevlucht mogelijk maken (Ettema 2000).

Verspreiding en voorkomenBuiten de Alpen (Frankrijk, Italië, Oostenrijk enZwitserland) en de Pyreneeën (Frankrijk enSpanje, zwaartepunt aan de Spaanse zijde) broe-den Lammergieren in Europa in kleine aantallenop Corsica, Frankrijk, op Kreta, Griekenland, opde Balkan (Albanië, vasteland van Griekenlanden Turkije) en in de Kaukasus (Armenië, Azer-beidzjan, Georgië en Rusland). Buiten Europabroedt de soort verspreid in Afrika (geïsoleerdepopulaties in Marokko en Algerije en in Zuid-Afrika, zwaartepunt in Oost-Afrika van Egyptezuidelijk tot Tanzania), mogelijk in het Midden-Oosten, in het zuiden van het Arabisch Schier-eiland, en in de berggebieden van West- enCentraal-Azië, van Turkije oostelijk tot in het zui-den van Centraal-China (Ferguson-Lees & Christie2001). Er zijn 13 ondersoorten beschreven maarvan de meeste is de taxonomische status twijfel-achtig. Dickinson (2003) vermeldt G b barbatus(Noordwest-Afrika), G b meridionalis (Oost- enZuid-Afrika en Arabië) en G b aureus (Eurazië).Ferguson-Lees & Christie (2001) erkennen alleenG b barbatus (Noordwest-Afrika en Eurazië) en G b meridionalis (Egypte en Arabië tot Zuid-Afrika); mogelijk verdienen volgens deze auteursook G b aureus (grootste deel van het Euraziati-sche verspreidingsgebied) en G b altaicus(= ‘hemachalanus’) (hooggebergten van Centraal-

Azië) aparte ondersoortstatus. G b meridionalis iskleiner dan de nominaat, de oogvlekken zijn nietverbonden, de bevedering en tekening van dekop verschillen en het onderste deel van de tarsus(4-5 cm) is onbevederd.

De soort is vrijwel overal in het verspreidings-gebied schaars tot zeldzaam en komt door zijngrote territoria alleen in lage dichtheden voor;vrijwel overal in het verspreidingsgebied is spra-ke van achteruitgang of zelfs plaatselijk verdwij-nen. Volgens de criteria van BirdLife Inter-national is de soort in Europa ‘kwetsbaar’ en lietde populatie gedurende de periode 1990-2000een bescheiden afname (c 10%) zien. Deze afna-me heeft vooral betrekking op de Turkse broed-vogels. De totale Europese populatie werd recentgeschat op 610-1000 broedparen (BirdLifeInternational 2004). Buiten de herintroductie-gebieden is alleen in Spanje sprake van eentegengestelde trend, met een forse toename in deafgelopen decennia. Ook in Spanje zijn er des-ondanks grote bedreigingen, zoals een zeer hogesterfte door vergiftiging en afschot (Hernández2003).

DankzeggingWij bedanken de medewerkers van de FCBV,met name Hans Frey, Jules Heuret, Laura Marti-nelli en Richard Zink, en Gert Ottens en StoychoStoychev voor hun bijdragen aan dit artikel.

SummaryLAMMERGEIER OF PRESUMED WILD ORIGIN IN NOORD-HOLLAND IN JUNE 2002 On 2 June 2002, an immatureLammergeier Gypaetus barbatus was seen over Castri-

249 Lammergier / Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus,derde-kalenderjaar, De Cocksdorp, Texel, Noord-

Holland, 3 juni 2002 (Leo J R Boon/Cursorius)

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cum and Hargen, Noord-Holland, the Netherlands. A report earlier that day over Almere, Flevoland, wasnot submitted. In the afternoon, it arrived on Texel,Noord-Holland, where it spent two nights and wasseen by many birders. It left the island on 4 June; a report later that day in the evening over Haarlem,Noord-Holland, was not submitted.

This is the first record for the Netherlands of a bird ofpresumed wild origin after three (possibly four) pre-vious records of project-released birds in 1997 and1998. It showed no rings and/or tail or wing markingswhich virtually rules out the possibility of this birdbeing a project-related bird from the Alps. In addition,there are no indications that it was one of a handful ofclosely followed wild-born birds in the Alps. (TheDutch rarities committee (CDNA) would acceptrecords of young raised in the wild by project-releasedparents.) In recent years, c 20 birds turned up in Europeoutside the regular areas (see table 1). With a fewexceptions, most sightings refer to immature birds inlate May and June in (near-)coastal areas. The fourbirds in the Netherlands were all seen in May-Juneduring periods of good weather and after periods ofeasterly winds. Table 2 lists 11 observations in Franceoutside the species’ breeding ranges in the Alps and thePyrenees, including those in Charente-Maritime andAllier well away from these mountains and dating frombefore the start of re-introduction projects.

VerwijzingenAmstrup, O, Frich, A S, Pedersen, K, & Thorup, K 2004.

Sjældne fugle i Danmark og Grønland i 2003. DanskOrn Foren Tidsskr 98: 174-188.

van den Berg, A B, Goldbach, R, Louwman, J &Marcus, P 1997. Lammergieren in Nederland in mei1997. Dutch Birding 19: 121-123.

van den Berg, A B & Bosman, C A W 2001. Zeldzamevogels van Nederland – Rare birds of the Nether-lands. Avifauna van Nederland 1. Tweede druk.Haarlem.

Bertran, J & Margalida, A 1996. Observations deGypaète barbus d’âges différents sur les sites de nidi-fication. Alauda 64: 171-178.

BirdLife International 2004. Birds in Europe: populationestimates, trends and conservation status. Cambridge.

Dickinson, E C (redactie) 2003. The Howard andMoore complete checklist of the birds of the world.Derde druk. Londen.

van Dijl, M 2004. Monniksgier in Nederland in juli-augustus 2000. Dutch Birding 26: 87-95.

Dubois, P-J, Le Maréchal, P, Olisio, G & Yésou, P2000. Inventaire des oiseaux de France. Parijs.

Ebels, E B 2002. DB Actueel: Lammergier bekroont gie-reninflux. Dutch Birding 24: 191-192.

Ettema, J 2000. The meteorological and biologicalaspects of the extraordinary flight of a BeardedVulture in May of 1998. Wageningen.

Ferguson-Lees, J & Christie, D A 2001. Raptors of theworld. Londen.

Forsman, D 1999. The raptors of Europe and theMiddle East: a handbook of field identification.Londen.

Hernández, M 2003. El futuro del quebrantahuesos enlos Pirineos. Quercus 203: 24-29.

Lücker, L 1997. Première tentative de nidification d’uncouple de Gypaètes barbus Gypaetus barbatus issusde réintroduction dans les Alpes et remarques com-portementales. Nos Oiseaux 44: 193-204.

Lücker, L 1999. Wiederansiedlung, Verhalten und ersteFreilandbruten des Bartgeiers Gypaetus barbatus inden Alpen. Limicola 13: 49-74.

Margalida A, Garcia, D, Bertran, J & Heredia, R 2003.Breeding biology and success of the Bearded VultureGypaetus barbatus in the eastern Pyrenees. Ibis 145:244-252.

Ouweneel, G L 1999. Waarnemingen van Lammer-gieren in Nederland. Vogeljaar 47: 277-278.

Sériot, J 1999. Les oiseaux nicheurs rares et menacésen France en 1997. Ornithos 6: 1-19.

Thorup, K & Nielsen, H H 2000. Sjældne fugle iDanmark og Grønland i 2000. Dansk Orn ForenTidsskr 94: 157-170.

van der Vliet, R E, van der Laan, J & CDNA. Rare birdsin the Netherlands in 2003. Dutch Birding 26: 359-384.

Wiegant, W M, de Bruin, A & CDNA 1999ab. Rarebirds in the Netherlands in 1997; in 1998. DutchBirding 21: 65-81; 309-328.

Woutersen, K 2003. De Lammergier Gypaetus barbatusin de Spaanse Pyreneeën. Vogeljaar 51: 99-109.

Lammergier van vermoedelijk wilde herkomst in Noord-Holland in juni 2002

Rutger J W van Ouwerkerk, Hamontstraat 200, 1066 NE Amsterdam, Nederland([email protected])

Leo J R Boon, Keesomstraat 103, 2041 XD Zandvoort, Nederland ([email protected])

Enno B Ebels, Joseph Haydnlaan 4, 3533 AE Utrecht, Nederland ([email protected])

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Aberrantly moulting Black-headedGull at Spytkowice, Poland

On 19 September 2004, an aberrant Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus was observed onthe fishponds in Spytkowice near Zator, south-eastern Poland. The bird was feeding on the bot-tom of an empty fishpond together with a flockof several 100s of gulls and sandpipers. It was afirst calendar-year bird but it had a completelydark hood and bare parts. The hood was choco-late-brown, as in adult breeding plumage, withsingle white feathers. The central tail-featherswere white. The bill and the legs were choco-late-brown.

Apparently, except undergoing the normalpost-juvenile moult typical for all first-year Black-headed Gulls, the observed individual additional-ly (or at the same time?) went through a pre-breeding moult. As a result, it looked like a Black-headed Gull in February or March of its secondcalendar-year. The bare parts (bill, legs) alsolooked like those of a first-summer. This strangeearly moult could have been a hormons problem;it has not been reported before in first-year birds(cf Olsen & Larsson 2004). However, in adultBlack-headed Gulls, an exceptionally early

pre-breeding moult, resulting in a completelydark hood in mid-winter, has been noticed before(Olsen & Larsson 2004).

ReferenceOlsen, K M & Larsson, H 2004. Gulls of Europe, Asia

and North America. Second corrected edition.London.

250 Black-headed Gull / Kokmeeuw Larus ridibundus,first calendar-year, Spytkowice near Zator, Poland,

19 September 2004 (Damian Wiehle)

Damian Wiehle, ul Kamedulska 44a, 30-252 Kraków, Poland ([email protected])Pawel Malczyk, ul Graniczna 1, Psary, 32-545 Karniowice, Poland ([email protected])

Black-bellied Tern at Krabi,Thailand, in April 2003On 7 April 2003, Justin Jansen, Ronald de Langeand Hans Vrolijk observed a summer-plumagedBlack-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda on a sand-pit just offshore from the Krabi town, Krabi,Thailand. The bird was located during attemptsto find Nordmann’s Greenshank Tringa guttiferand stayed in a large flock of Common S hirun-do, Greater Crested S bergii velox and LesserCrested Terns S bengalensis bengalensis. It wasstriking because of its completely dark belly andundertail and looked quite different from theseveral 100s of Whiskered Terns Chlidoniashybrida – the only likely confusion species –observed by us in the previous weeks. During c 30 min we took some notes, video footage andphotographs but the bird could not be ap-proached closely and only distant and ratherblurry video footage was obtained. After thesandpit flooded, all the birds disappeared and we

successfully completed our search for theNordmann’s Greenshanks (two birds seen). Thefollowing description of the tern is based on fieldnotes and video-stills.

SIZE & SHAPE Similar in size and posture to CommonTern (in direct comparison). Not as thickly built asWhiskered Tern. Very pale looking, much like Black-naped Tern S sumatrana in appearance. Wing tip equalto tail tip at rest. Tail deeply forked, with long tail-streamers.HEAD & NECK Head and crown below eye and napeblack. Lore, cheek, chin and throat white.UPPERPARTS Pale greyish. UNDERPARTS Black from lowerbreast to undertail withfew unmoulted white feathers still visible. Upperbreastwhite. Strong contrast between white cheeks and blackunderparts. WING Greyish with very pale primaries without anyblack. TAIL Greyish. BARE PARTS Leg reddish, bill orange with dusky tip.BEHAVIOUR Resting on sandpit, sometimes preening.

[Dutch Birding 27: 202-203, 2005]

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Middle Spotted Woodpeckers atSelunfe, Syria, in April 2005From 20 to 24 April 2005, I visited Syria toobserve the recently discovered Northern BaldIbis Geronticus eremita and Iraq BabblerTurdoides altirostris populations. During the trip,I managed to see my 8000th bird species (See-see Partridge Ammoperdix griseogularis). On 23April, I drove from Latakia on the Mediterraneancoast (just south of the Turkish border) easttowards Selunfe, a hill town c 40 km away. At1300 m elevation, Selunfe is on the upper west-ern slope of Jebel Nabi Matta (1600 m). I waslooking for Syrian Woodpecker Dendrocopossyriacus, which had been reported from thisarea. I searched in the oak woodland from thetown up to the point where the habitat opens up.It was still early spring, with only small pale yel-low-green buds on most trees. I spent an hourwalking near the ‘Alladin’ theme park, in a smallglen on the north-eastern side of the town. There,I heard a long series of nasal calls that remindedme of a woodpecker. Since the vocalizations ofSyrian Woodpecker do not include such calls, I assumed that the caller was a raptor. At c 15:00, I parked inside of a switchback on themain summit road that turned towards the north,c 2 km from the town. At this point, there is anice patch of mature oak forest on the south sideof the road. Almost immediately, I saw a medi-um-sized woodpecker fly through the woods.

I got a good look at the bird and realized that itwas not a Syrian Woodpecker; shortly after, asecond bird was observed. The main differencefrom Syrian was the head, which featured a darkeye in a pale, rounded face. I looked carefullyand did not see any trace of black on the redcrown, or on the edge of the crown, whichappeared shaggy in one individual. There was nomoustachial stripe. The breast was lightly streak-ed and suffused with a yellowish wash on thelower breast and pink on the belly. The upper-parts were black with two prominent whitepatches. This combination of characters only fitsMiddle Spotted Woodpecker D medius (Short1982, Winkler et al 1995, Svensson et al 1999).During c 30 min, I observed two birds six timesand was able to photograph one of them with adigital camera. The birds stayed in the canopy ofthe woods, making them very hard to observe.Apart from the visual characteristics, I heard twocalls, the long, nasal quen, quen, ... I had alreadyheard near the ‘Alladin’ theme park, and a short,dry rattle.

Since Middle Spotted Woodpecker does notmigrate, it is likely that the birds were residentand possibly a pair. According to the literature,the mature, dense oak forest at altitude is idealhabitat for the species. There appears to be noprevious record of this species from Syria (cf Baumgart 1995), although it is known fromsouth-central Turkey, c 200 km from the Syrianborder (Winkler et al 1995, Porter et al 1996).

Black-bellied Tern at Krabi, Thailand, in April 2003

On basis of the orange bill colour (dark red in Whis-kered Tern), long tail-streamers (absent in Whis-kered) and black belly (dark grey in Whiskered), the bird was easily separated from Whiskered Tern (cf Harrison 1986, Robson 2000, 2002). Thedescription was submitted and has been accept-ed by the Bird Conservation Society of Thailand(BCST) Records Committee on their meeting of26 March 2005 (Phil Round in litt). In 2004,another bird was recorded from 7 to 10 April atBung Boraphet (Robson 2004). Black-belliedTern is regarded as ‘vulnerable’ by Stattersfield &Capper (2000) and is considered extinct inThailand since years (Robson 2002). It is mainlya non-coastal species, mostly found on largeinland rivers but our sighting was along the coast(in the Gulf of Andaman). Stattersfield & Capper

(2000) estimate that c 10 000 birds remainworldwide, mainly in Bangladesh, southernChina, India, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal andPakistan. The species has become (almost)extinct in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Viet-nam. Its decline is mainly caused by cultivation,flooding of nesting areas and the collection ofeggs and young.

ReferencesStattersfield, A J & Capper, D R (editors) 2000.

Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona.Harrison, P 1986. Seabirds: an identification guide.

London.Robson, C 2000. A field guide to the birds of South-East

Asia. London.Robson, C 2002. Birds of Thailand. Princeton.Robson, C 2004. From the field. Birding Asia 2: 103.

Justin J F J Jansen, Blitterwijckseweg 3, 5871 CD Broekhuizenvorst, Netherlands ([email protected])

[Dutch Birding 27: 203-204, 2005]

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Middle Spotted Woodpeckers at Selunfe, Syria, in April 2005

A few days after my sighting, David Murdochindependently observed Middle Spotted Wood-peckers at almost the same spot (Remco Hoflandin litt).

On geographical grounds, the birds probablybelong to the small subspecies D m anatoliaefrom western and southern Turkey (which is,however, poorly differentiated from the larger D m caucasicus from northern Turkey, theCaucasus and Transcaucasia and possibly betterplaced within that subspecies; Cramp 1989,Winkler et al 1995).

ReferencesBaumgart, W 1995. Die Vögel Syriens, eine Übersicht.

Heidelberg.Cramp, S (editor) 1989. The birds of the Western

Palearctic 4. Second edition. Oxford.Porter, R F, Christensen, S & Schiermacker-Hansen, P

1996. Field guide to the birds of the Middle East.London.

Short, L L 1982. Woodpeckers of the world. Delaware.Svensson, L, Grant, P J, Mullarney, K & Zetterström, D

1999. Collins bird guide. London.Winkler, H, Christie, D A & Nurney, D 1995. Wood-

peckers: a guide to the woodpeckers, piculets andwrynecks of the world. Mountfield.

251 Middle Spotted Woodpecker / Middelste BonteSpecht Dendrocopos medius, Selunfe, Syria,

23 April 2005 (Peter G Kaestner)

[Dutch Birding 27: 204-205, 2005]

Peter G Kaestner, Unit 64900 Box 15, APO, AE 09839, USA([email protected])

Flycatcher on Helgoland, Germany,in August 1982 re-identified asDark-sided Flycatcher On 16 August 1982, a dull grey-brown flycatcherwas trapped in the garden of the ornithologicalresearch station ‘Vogelwarte Helgoland’ onHelgoland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Thebird stayed until 21 August and was retrappedtwice. It was identified as Asian Brown Fly-catcher Muscicapa dauurica (then M latirostris)on basis of the available literature. The recordwas published in Dutch Birding (Fleet 1982).Further investigation showed that the measure-ments did not fit this species and the identifica-tion was not accepted by the German raritiescommittee (cf Dutch Birding 16: 157-166, 1994).Besides, the bird showed damaged toes and onedamaged eye, and was therefore assumed to bean escape. The original pictures seemed to belost until David Fleet came upon one originalcolour slide by accident in January 2004. Now,after more than 20 years, it was possible to re-identify the bird based on current knowledge;this clearly indicated that the bird was a Dark-sided Flycatcher (also known as Siberian

Flycatcher) M sibirica. A full account of the re-identification was published in the annualHelgoland bird report (Stühmer 2004). The iden-tification of the closely related Asian Brown,Dark-sided and Grey-streaked Flycatcher M gri-seisticta was discussed by Alström & Hirschfeld(1991) and Bradshaw et al (1991). The identifica-tion of the Helgoland bird is mainly based on thewing formula. In Asian Brown, the wing tip isformed by p3-4 (numbered from outside), withp2 clearly shorter, and p1 is 1-5 mm longer thanthe primary coverts. In Dark-sided, the wing tipis formed by p3 and often p4, p2 is only slightlyshorter than p3-4 and p1 is short. The winglength of 77.5 mm fits Dark-sided (77-85 mm)slightly better than Asian Brown (68-77 mm). Inplumage, the following characters support theidentification as Dark-sided: 1 indistinct palesupercilium before eye, with darker spot in frontof eye; 2 malar stripe dark and conspicuous;3 pale moustachial stripe obvious and connectedwith pale neck ring; 4 breast streaking too densefor Asian Brown; 5 dark grey-brown underwing-coverts (whitish in Asian Brown); 6 no sign ofmoult (Dark-sided moults completely in winter,Asian Brown in summer); 7 slightly forked tail;

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Flycatcher on Helgoland, Germany, in August 1982 re-identified as Dark-sided Flycatcher

8 mostly dark bill with limited yellow (more yellow on underside of bill in Asian Brown); and9 absence of pale edges to greater coverts (pres-ent in Asian Brown). The dark centres on the longest undertail-coverts typical for Dark-sidedwere not noted in the Helgoland bird but thischaracter is sometimes difficult to notice.

The identification as Dark-sided Flycatcherwas confirmed by the German rarities commit-tee. The bird remains listed as an escape(Category E) on basis of the damaged toes andeye. Although such damages occur in wild birdsas well, acceptance as the first record for Europewould seem unwise. Dark-sided is, however, apotential and predicted vagrant to Europe; therecord on Bermuda on 28-29 September 1980(Wingate 1983) indicates the vagrancy potentialof this species. The occurrence in mid-Augustwould be very early for a Siberian vagrant inwestern Europe (although not without precedent)

but northern breeding birds leave the breedinggrounds from late July and could therefore al-ready turn up in western Europe in August. AsianBrown Flycatcher is a very rare vagrant inEurope, with records in Denmark (1, September1959), Scotland (1, July 1992, placed in CategoryD), and Sweden (1, September 1986).

ReferencesAlström, P & Hirschfeld, E 1991. Field identification of

Brown, Siberian and Grey-streaked Flycatchers.Birding World 4: 271-278.

Bradshaw, C, Jepson, P J & Lindsey, N J 1991. Identi-fication of brown flycatchers. Br Birds 84: 527-542.

Fleet, D 1982. Brown Flycatcher in BRD in August1982. Dutch Birding 4: 97-98.

Stühmer, F 2004. Rußschnäpper Muscicapa sibirica aufHelgoland. Ornithol Jber Helgoland 14: 100-102.

Wingate, D B 1983. A record of the Siberian FlycatcherMuscicapa sibirica from Bermuda: an extralimitalvagrant. Auk 100: 212-213.

Frank Stühmer, Birkenweg 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany ([email protected])

252 Dark-sided Flycatcher / Roetvliegenvanger Muscicapa sibirica, Helgoland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, 16 August 1982 (Vogelwarte Helgoland)

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Lesser Kestrel at sea off Svalbard

In their paper on the first Lesser Kestrel Falconaumanni for the Netherlands, Ebels & Roselaar(2005) presented a survey of extralimital recordsof this species in Europe. However, the onlyNorwegian record was omitted. It concerns asecond-calendar-year male found dead on 25July 1996 onboard the fishing vessel MS Polarbasin the Barents Sea south-east of Svalbard, in thesea area Hopendjupet (c 76° N, 30-32° E), c 270nautical miles from the Norwegian mainland.The location is within Norwegian international

waters. The skin is preserved at Tromsø Zoo-logiske Museum (Høyland et al 2001). A photo-graph of the skin is shown at http://home.no.net/nskf. This is the most northerly record of this spe-cies.

ReferencesEbels, E B & Roselaar, C S 2005. Kleine Torenvalk bij

Bergen in november 2000. Dutch Birding 27: 116-124.

Høyland, B O, Heggland, H & Mjøs, A T 2001. Sjeldnefugler i Norge i 1997 og 1998. Fugleårene 1997 &1998. Vår Fuglefauna suppl 4: 4-31.

Geir Mobakken, Postboks 23, 5547 Utsira, Norway ([email protected])

The Cyprus Oriental Pratincole

Driessens & Svensson’s (2005) review of charac-ters that may be used to separate CollaredPratincole Glareola pratincola and OrientalPratincole G maldivarum is a predictably detailedand thought-provoking piece of work. Therein,the authors question the validity of two of theWestern Palearctic records of maldivarum, thosein Cyprus (Rowlands 1994) and Egypt (Baha elDin & Baha el Din 1996). Whether these recordsshould stand as relating to maldivarum mustawait the opinion of persons better qualified to

comment than myself but it is as well to correctseveral inaccuracies pertaining to the discussionof the Cyprus record in the paper. Firstly, the birdwas watched in the company of 15+ pratincolaand one Black-winged Pratincole G nordmanni(not, as stated, the other way around) and, farfrom being a single-observer record, the purport-ed maldivarum was seen by the author and 10other observers. It is stated that the bird was seenonly ‘briefly’ but, in fact (as clearly established inthe original paper), the bird was observed for inexcess of 10 min, in direct company with pratin-cola and by at least one observer with field expe-

[Dutch Birding 27: 206-207, 2005]

BrievenKleine Torenvalk in België

In het artikel over de eerste Kleine TorenvalkFalco naumanni voor Nederland (Ebels & Rose-laar 2005) wordt een overzicht gegeven vangevallen in Europa buiten de reguliere gebieden.Bij het enige Belgische geval, een vrouwtje ofonvolwassen exemplaar bij Retie, Antwerpen, op18 oktober 1964, staat vermeld dat deze vogelzou zijn verzameld. Die informatie is echter nietjuist; de vogel werd gevangen met een slagnet,geringd en weer losgelaten, en dus niet verza-meld. De originele publicatie over dit geval is tevinden in Segers (1964) en Spaepen et al (1965).

LESSER KESTREL IN BELGIUM The first and only LesserKestrel Falco naumanni for Belgium on 18 October1964 at Retie, Antwerpen, was trapped, ringed andreleased, not collected as wrongly mentioned in Ebels& Roselaar (2005).

VerwijzingenEbels, E B & Roselaar, C S 2005. Kleine Torenvalk bij

Bergen in november 2000. Dutch Birding 27: 116-124.

Segers, F J 1964. Korte mededeling nr 89 bis - KleineTorenvalk – Falco naumanni. Wielewaal 30: 337-338.

Spaepen, J, Spaepen, F, Spaepen, A, Spaepen, I, Claes,K & Waelbers, J 1965. De Kleine Torenvalk, Falconaumanni Fleischer, nieuw voor België. Giervalk 55:100.

Paul Herroelen, Mensenrechtenlaan 22, 1070 Brussel-Anderlecht, België ([email protected])

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Brieven

[Dutch Birding 27: 207, 2005]

Guy M Kirwan, 74 Waddington Street, Norwich NR2 4JS, UK ([email protected])

rience of all relevant species. Of course, it maywell be argued that an observation in excess of10 min should still be considered ‘brief’, especial-ly considering potential identification pitfalls butmany ‘difficult species’ are possible to identifycorrectly well within such a timeframe, particu-larly given prior experience. None of this detractsfrom the possibility that the evidence may still beconsidered insufficient for such a rare and diffi-cult-to-identify species.

ReferencesBaha el Din, M & Baha el Din, S 1996. The first

Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum in Egypt.Sandgrouse 18: 64-65.

Driessens, G & Svensson, L 2005. Identification ofCollared Pratincole and Oriental Pratincole – a criti-cal review of characters. Dutch Birding 27: 1-35.

Rowlands, J A 1994. First record of Oriental PratincoleGlareola maldivarum in Cyprus. Sandgrouse 16: 56-57.

DBA-nieuwsDutch Birding-vogeldag op 5 februari 2005 te UtrechtZeker 300 ‘keen birders’ uit Nederland en directe om-streken hebben zaterdag 5 februari 2005 de DutchBirding-vogeldag in Utrecht bezocht. Dat mag een suc-ces heten. De dag is zonder enige wanklank verlopen.Zelden zal het bij een lezing op de traditionele vogel-dag van de DBA zo stil zijn geweest in de zaal als bijde lezing van Tom van der Have over ‘De Dunbek-wulp, extinctie in real time’. Helaas had Tom weinigopbeurends te melden over deze aansprekende soort.Ook de toegift bleek onverminderd somber; er staatnog een steltlopersoort op de rand van de afgrond: deSteppekievit Vanellus gregarius. Jochen Dierschke vande Vogelwarte Helgoland vertelde met veel vaart overhet beroemde Duitse eiland Helgoland, een eldoradovoor dwaalgasten en vogelfotografen. Vaste prik op devogeldag zijn de reisverhalen, en hierin werd dit jaarvoorzien door Max Berlijn (‘Een oversteek van deBeringzee’) en Roland van der Vliet (‘Vuurland enPatagonië’). De mystery bird-competitie was dit jaarbuitengewoon strak geregisseerd door onze eigen ‘masters’ Dick Groenendijk en Rob van Bemmelen.Voor het eerst waren er ook bewegende beelden, naastgewone beelden en geluiden. Er waren 28 raadsels.Winnaar met 17 goede antwoorden was Ruud vanDongen. Gedeeld tweede werden Ruud van Beusekomen Nils van Duivendijk met 16. Prijzen werdenbeschikbaar gesteld door Bas van den Boogaard,Cursorius en Natuur Digitaal. Speciaal ingelast was eenkorte verhandeling van DBA-bestuurslid Wietze Janseen Michel Veldt over het nieuwe vogelinformatie-systeem Dutch Birding Rare Bird Alerts, dat korte tijddaarna succesvol werd gelanceerd.

De 2005-editie van de vogeldag vond plaats ondereen ongelukkig gesternte. Max Berlijn brak een heup,

maar was net op tijd hersteld om zijn gewaardeerdebijdrage aan de vogeldag te kunnen leveren. Vasteafsluiter Wim Wiegant lag de week voor de vogeldagnog in het ziekenhuis vanwege een dotterbehandeling.Hij kondigde aan het Jaaroverzicht 2004 noodgedwon-gen dus iets ‘soberder’ te doen. Daar was echter nietsvan te merken; Wim was als vanouds op dreef, al werdzijn ooggetuigeverslag over de stilgehouden territorialeWithalsvliegenvanger Ficedula albicollis ergens in hetoosten des lands iets minder enthousiast ontvangen.

Door de goede opkomst en steeds minder ruimtedoor verbouwingen in de centrale hal wordt de vastelocatie voor standhouders en bezoekers met het jaarkrapper. Voor de eerste zaterdag van februari in 2006zal de vogelaarsbeurs daarom waarschijnlijk verhuizennaar de begane grond. Hier is meer ruimte en frisselucht, en de organisatoren van de vogeldag zullen hunbest doen het aanbod aan interessante stands voor deserieuze, gevorderde en fanatieke birder verder te ver-breden. GIJSBERT VAN DER BENT

Vogelnamenboek op CD-ROM Het Verklarend en ety-mologisch woordenboek van de Nederlandse vogelna-men, geschreven door Klaas Eigenhuis, is uitverkochten wordt niet meer in druk genomen. Wel is voordezelfde prijs (EUR 30.00 excl p&p) een versie op CD-ROM verkrijgbaar. Deze is uitsluitend te bestellen doorovermaking van EUR 32.00 op rekeningnummer598281169 ten name van Sandra Gardeslen teNieuwolda, onder vermelding van ‘vogelnamen’. Voorinternationale overmakingen gebruikt u: BIC-codeABNANL2A en IBAN-code NL77ABNA0598281169. Uwordt vriendelijk verzocht om uw volledige adresgege-vens te verstrekken. Voor vragen kunt u contact opne-men met [email protected].

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Masters of MysterySolutions of second round 2005

The solutions of the mystery photographs III andIV (Dutch Birding 27: 134, 2005) of the 2005Masters of Mystery competition appear below.

III Nearly all entrants (95%) identified the birdin mystery photograph III as one of the Aquilaeagles. The rufous-brown underparts are an eye-catching feature and exclude many species.Because of the rufous-brown coloration, a fewentrants opted for Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pen-natus or Bonelli’s Eagle H fasciatus. However,both species differ strongly in structure from themystery bird in, for instance, having a much finerbill and showing a prominent tail projection. Allother entrants opted for one of the Aquila eagles.

A few entrants went for Greater Spotted EagleA clanga. Indeed, in Greater Spotted a rare palemorph, ‘fulvescens’, shows yellowish-buff under-parts. However, the colour in these birds is onaverage much paler than in the mystery bird andmore yellowish in stead of rufous-brown.Moreover, in fulvescens birds, the secondariesand greater coverts are extensively white-tipped,which is not the case in the mystery bird.Furthermore, in fulvescens, one would expectthe upperwing-coverts to be pale sandy-brown,lacking nearly all spotting. In the mystery bird,note also the oval nostril, which would berounded in Greater Spotted. Immature SpanishImperial Eagle A adalberti has rufous-brownunderparts as well but can easily be excluded bythe densely streaked breast; in immature SpanishImperial, the rusty-tinged breast is largely un-marked and the streaks are confined to the lowerbelly.

In some cases, Steppe Eagle A nipalensis canshow a rufous-brown tinge to the upperparts.However, the colour of the body-feathers inSteppe is never as pale rufous-brown as in themystery bird, and, more importantly, the yellowgape flange in the mystery bird reaches only tothe centre of the eye and not to the rear edge asis the case in nearly all Steppe. Another differ-ence is that, in most cases, the throat of Steppe ismarkedly paler than the rest of the underbody.This is not the case in the mystery bird and, therefore, Steppe can be safely excluded.

Only two species are left as likely candidates.These are Imperial Eagle A heliaca and Tawny

Eagle A rapax. Based on ‘European’ field guides,one would expect a more or less unstreaked breast in Tawny. However, Tawny is extremelyvariable over much of its range and can displaymany different colour morphs including streakedvariants. It is argued that especially females ofTawny Eagle show streaks on the upper breastand neck. As a result, Tawny can look confusing-ly similar to immature Imperial Eagle. Onlyimmature Imperial Eagles of at most three yearsold show sandy-brownish underparts, whereas inolder plumages the first dark body-feathers ap-pear which are characteristic for adults. In theirfirst plumages, Imperial always show pale tips tothe greater coverts and also to the upperwing-coverts. Of course, this is most prominent injuveniles but it is normally still visible in bothsecond and third-calender-year birds. In the mys-tery bird, the upperwing-coverts are rather uni-form brown and the greater coverts do not showpale tips either. This strongly points towardsTawny. In addition, the overall colour of theunderparts suits Tawny better than Imperial. InImperial, this colour is more sandy-brown, whereas in Tawny, it is more rufous-brown, asshown by the mystery bird. The jizz, with largehead, heavy bill (but not as heavy as in Imperial)and chunky appearance, supports this identifica-tion. Tawny predominantly occurs in Africa southof the Sahara (A r rapax and A r belisarius) andthe Indian Subcontinent (A r vindhiana). In theWP, it is a rare resident in the Western High Atlasand Anti-Atlas, Morocco, and it is probablyextinct in Algeria. Vagrants have been recordedin Israel. This Tawny Eagle was photographed byArnoud van den Berg in Kalahari Gemsbok,Northern Cape, South Africa, on 9 March 1996.It was correctly identified by 39% of the entrants.Imperial Eagle turned out to be the most popularanswer with 50% of the votes.

IV The brown-streaked appearance of this mys-tery bird led many entrants to Eurasian buntingsand North American sparrows. Despite theabsence of the typical Emberiza tertial pattern,many entrants mentioned a large variety ofEmberiza buntings, totalling 39% of the answers.

North American sparrows accounted for 15%of the answers, with Savannah Passerculus sand-wichensis, Song Melospiza melodia and FoxSparrow Passerella iliaca being the most popular.

[Dutch Birding 27: 208-210, 2005]

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Because of the bold spots on the undertail-coverts, Savannah Sparrow can be excluded. Foxwould show less strongly streaked upperpartsand a strong reddish coloration to the upperparts,wing- and tail-feathers and flank-streaks. This largely applies to Song as well. In addition, thespots on the undertail-coverts of the latter speciesare often more reddish and absent in the nomi-nate subspecies, which is the most likely candi-date for vagrancy to Europe.

However, when it is neither a Eurasian buntingnor a North American sparrow, what else could itbe? Scrolling the field guides should reveal an-other group which combines the brown-streakedappearance with spotted undertail-coverts:accentors Prunella. Alpine Accentor P collariswould show large reddish flank-streaks and moredensely patterned undertail-coverts. The lattercharacter is also shown by Dunnock P modu-laris. In addition, these two species lack the darkcrown-sides of the mystery bird. That character ispresent in the three remaining WP accentor species: Siberian P montanella, Radde’s P ocula-ris and Black-throated Accentor P atrogularis.Although many Siberian Accentors can showupperparts streaked as strongly as in the mysterybird, this species can rather easily be excluded asits flank-streaks should be reddish-brown, notdark as in the mystery bird. To distinguish thetwo remaining species, the colour of the upper-parts is useful. Radde’s shows darker upperpartsthan in Black-throated and, therefore, the ratherpale upperparts of the mystery bird fit Black-throated better. Another character to distinguish

the latter two is the coloration of the flanks. Inthe Radde’s, the flanks are smudged with grey.The mystery bird shows only faint buffish-tingedflanks, as typically shown by Black-throated.

In conclusion, the mystery bird can safely beidentified as a Black-throated Accentor. It wasphotographed by Marc Guyt at Sat Tal, Nainital,India, in January 2005. The same bird is depictedin plate 253. It was correctly identified by 20%of the entrants, while many others opted forRadde’s Accentor (6%).

In the second round for 2005, there were 54 entrants of whom five (9%) managed to identifyboth mystery birds correctly. These were RemcoHofland, Hans Larsson (Sweden), Stuart Piner(England), Marijn Prins and Hein Prinsen. Fromthem, Remco Hofland was drawn as the winnerof a copy of the video Birds of South Korea byCharlie Moores, Nial Moores and Kim Su Kyungdonated by Birds Korea (www.birdskorea.org).Hein Prinsen and Hans Larsson are on the leadof the overall competition with four correct iden-tifications, followed by nine entrants with threeand 17 with two. The names of all the entrantswith at least one correct identification can beviewed at www.dutchbirding.nl.

Third round 2005

Photographs V and VI represent the third roundof the 2005 competition. Please, study the rules(Dutch Birding 27: 55, 2005) carefully and iden-tify the birds in the photographs. Solutions canbe sent in three different ways:• by postcard to Dutch Birding Association, Postbus

209

253 Black-throated Accentor / ZwartkeelheggenmusPrunella atrogularis, Sat Tal, Nainital, India,

January 2005 (Marc Guyt/Agami)

Masters of Mystery

Mystery photograph V (April)

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75611, 1070 AP Amsterdam, Netherlands• by e-mail to [email protected]• from the website of the Dutch Birding Asso-

ciation at www.dutchbirding.nl

Entries for the third round have to arrive by 1 July 2005. Please, indicate if you are sub-scribed to Dutch Birding. From those entrants

having identified both mystery birds correctly,one person will be drawn who will receive acopy of A field guide to the birds of South-EastAsia by Craig Robson. Swarovski Benelux hasgenerously agreed to sponsor this competitionagain in 2005. This year, the overall winner aftersix rounds will receive a pair of marvellous 8x32EL binoculars.

Mystery photograph VI (February)

Rob S A van Bemmelen, Stavangerweg 535, 1013 AX Amsterdam, Netherlands ([email protected])

Dick Groenendijk, Elzenstraat 14, 4043 PB Opheusden, Netherlands ([email protected])

[Dutch Birding 27: 210, 2005]

Aankondigingen & verzoekenOrnithologisch jaarverslag Texel 2004 In april 2005verscheen het Ornithologisch jaarverslag Texel 2004,uitgegeven door de Vogelwerkgroep Texel. In dit acht-ste verslag van de vogelwerkgroep wordt een systema-tisch overzicht gegeven van de vogelwaarnemingen opTexel, Noord-Holland, in 2004. Het boekje omvat 48pagina’s en is geïllustreerd met diverse kleurenfoto’svan op Texel waargenomen vogels. Het is in een aantalboekhandels op Texel en bij EcoMare en de VVV Texel

verkrijgbaar voor EUR 6.50 maar is ook te bestellendoor EUR 8.00 (incl verzendkosten) over te maken opgirorekening 5312854 tnv Vogelwerkgroep Texel teDen Burg ovv ‘Jaarverslag 2004’ en naam en adres.

Geïnteresseerden kunnen de meest recente waar-nemingen lezen op de website van de VogelwerkgroepTexel (www.vogelwerkgroeptexel.nl). Tevens kunnenvia deze website eigen waarnemingen op Texel wordendoorgegeven.

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This review lists rare and interesting birds reported inthe Western Palearctic mainly in late March-early May2005 and focuses on north-western Europe. The reportsare largely unchecked and their publication here doesnot imply future acceptance by a rarities committee.Observers are requested to submit their records to eachcountry’s rarities committee. Corrections are welcomeand will be published.

GEESE TO DUCKS A Grey-bellied Brent Goose (Gray-bellied Brant) Branta remained on North Uist, OuterHebrides, Scotland, in February-March (cf Dutch Bird-ing 23: 156, 220, 2001). The male on Achill, Mayo,Ireland, stayed until at least 9 April. The second Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris for Poland was photo-graphed near Sulikow in Upper Silesia on 28 April.Only eight Baer’s Pochards A baeri were counted dur-ing a WWF waterbird survey of the middle and lowerreaches of the Yangtze river in February (which resultedin a total of 635 957 waterbirds of 95 species). InSweden, the first male Lesser Scaup A affinis for Skånewas near Hässleholm from 30 April onwards. On 8April, a staggering 2500 White-headed Ducks Oxyuraleucocephala were counted at the Manych wetlandnear Divenoe, Stavropol, Russia, where the species issaid to be common every year in March and earlyApril. The male Black Scoter Melanitta americana firstseen on 10 March 1999 remained at Llanfairfechan,North Wales, through April. In Iceland, a male Ameri-can White-winged Scoter M deglandi turned up atHvalnesskri∂ur on 24 April. The first unringed Buffle-head Bucephala albeola for the Netherlands, a malefrom 20 November 2004 to 26 March at Gaatkensplas,Barendrecht, Zuid-Holland, was seen in the same areafrom 23 April to at least 2 May and another was atEzumakeeg, Friesland, from 2 May. If accepted, a malenear Leszno on 8 May will be the first for Poland. A male Barrow’s Goldeneye B islandica was foundnear Ythan Estuary, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; there isone previous record for Britain in Ayrshire inNovember-December 1979. The female AmericanBlack Duck Anas rubripes on Tresco, Scilly, England,and the male (first seen in September 1993) at Garj∂ur,Iceland, remained throughout the period.

LOONS TO SPOONBILLS If accepted, two Red-throatedLoons Gavia stellata off North Beach, Eilat, on 22 Aprilconstituted the fifth record for Israel. On the surprising-ly early date of 3 April, several Zino’s Petrels Ptero-droma madeira were calling late in the evening at Picodo Arieiro, Madeira. The first Bulwer’s Petrel Bulweriabulwerii reported for Sweden off Halland in the after-noon of 24 February 2004 and the first Wilson’s Storm-petrel Oceanites oceanicus reported at Rönnen, Skåne,on 16 November 2004 (cf Dutch Birding 26: 129, 396,2004) have both been rejected by the Swedish raritiescommittee. On 7 May, a Scopoli’s Shearwater Calo-

nectris diomedea was filmed off Skåne, Sweden. On 15April, two Sooty Shearwaters Puffinus griseus wereseen off Aqaba, Jordan. At Eilat’s North Beach, Israel,an adult Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus wasseen on 8 March and a juvenile Lesser FrigatebirdFregata ariel on 16 April. In the Cape Verde Islands, amale Magnificent Frigatebird F magnificens was(again) seen at Curral Velho, Boavista, on 4 March. Theworld’s only colony of Bourne’s Heron Ardea bourneiin a single tree at Liberão, Santiago, Cape VerdeIslands, was still active this spring with a total of eightjuveniles on 1 March; three juveniles were reported tohave died in February (two were killed by children andone fell out of the tree). Three Glossy Ibises Plegadisfalcinellus were photographed at Ljubljansko barje,Slovenia, on 14-18 April and three were seen inBavaria, Germany, on 30 April. In Spain, the unringedfirst-summer Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremitafirst seen in Extremadura in January was still nearTrujillo and Belén, Cáceres, from 24 March to at leastearly May; possibly, it is another individual than theone at Piedrahita, Avila, on 17 December 2004 (21ringed individuals were released in a re-introductionprogram at Jerez; see www.zoobotanicojerez.com/index.php?id=1467). In Oman, three Sacred IbisesThreskiornis aethiopicus were present at Sun farms,Sohar, on at least 27 March. A Eurasian SpoonbillPlatalea leucorodia ringed on the nest at Markiezaat,Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands, in 2004 was misiden-tified by a hunter as a Sacred Ibis in France in April andshot in a culling project aimed to control the numbersof latter species; apparently, 6800 Egyptian GeeseAlopochen aegyptiaca were shot in French culling pro-jects in 2002-03 as well. An African Spoonbill P alba atSalalah on 29 March and 1 April was about the fourthor fifth for Oman. A record 1475 Black-facedSpoonbills P minor were counted during an inter-national census from Korea to Thailand in early 2005;this figure shows a 22% increase since 2004, withhighest numbers in Taiwan (757), Hong Kong andShenzhen, China (311), and Japan (103), with one asfar south as Palawan, Philippines.

RAPTORS TO COOTS In Belgium, a Black-winged KiteElanus caeruleus occurred at Thoricourt, Hainaut, on29-30 March; another was reported over MechelsBroek, Mechelen, on 21 April. The second for Skagenand Denmark was at Nedre Mose from 15 May. A second-year Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopte-rus was seen near Kunszentmiklós, Hungary, on 3 May.If accepted, a Eurasian Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvusnear Divcice, southern Bohemia, on 8 April will be thesecond since 1989 for the Czech Republic. A first-winter Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus at Marjald’Almenara, Castello, from at least 14 February to 22March may have been the first wintering record forSpain. From 26 March until 17 April, no fewer than 17

WP reports

[Dutch Birding 27: 211-219, 2005]

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254 Belted Kingfisher / Bandijsvogel Ceryle alcyon, first-summer male, Peterculter, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, April 2005 (Jim Lawrence)

255 Short-billed Dowitcher / Kleine Grijze Snip Limnodromus griseus, Booterstown Marsh, Dublin, Ireland, 1 April 2005 (Pat Lonergan)

WP reports

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were recorded in Malta. From 29 March to 30 April, atleast 11 were reported in the Netherlands, including amale spending the night of 29/30 March near Middel-burg, Zeeland. An adult male on 3 April was the ear-liest ever for Denmark. In France, an adult male flewover Col de l’Escrinet, Ardèche, France, on 12 April. On 3 May, a Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis wasdisplaying above the oak forests of Beni M’tir, Jen-douba, Tunisia, where only five records are known.The 12th Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus forDenmark was at Gjerrild on 1 May. The adult femaleEurasian Black Vulture Aegypius monachus first seen atBeers, Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands, on 16-17March was rediscovered on 21 March at Oostvaarders-plassen, Flevoland, where it found sufficient food tosettle until at least late May; it was colour-ringed, hadbeen picked-up alive but poisoned in Extremadura,Spain, on 2 May 2003, and was released in LesBaronnies, Drôme, France, on 2 February. If accepted,a Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina on Gozo on 1 April will be the first spring record for Malta. On 2 May, an immature Greater Spotted Eagle A clangapassed Cap Bon, Tunisia, where there are less than 10records. In northern Finland, a juvenile Steppe EagleA nipalensis was seen at Rovaniemi on 12 and 14April. The first Imperial Eagle A heliaca for the Nether-lands was an immature flying over Kamperhoek andKetelmeer, Flevoland, on 3 April. Possibly the samebird turned up at Flagbakken on 24-26 April constitut-ing the c 12th record for Skagen, Nordjylland, Den-mark. Two were reported in Finland on 25 April, a second-calendar-year in Vehkamäki and a third-calendar-year at Parikkala, Siikalahti. In Donegal, afterthe start of a re-introduction scheme in 2001, GoldenEagles A chrysaetos laid an egg for the first time since1912 (though without much success as yet). If accept-ed, an immature Bonelli’s Eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus atVellereille-le-Sec, Hainaut, on 30 April will be the thirdwithin a year for Belgium. In Austria, an adult maleLesser Kestrel Falco naumanni near Graz was the firstsince the species last bred in the early 1980s and asecond-calendar-year turned up on 3 May. Three malesAmur Falcon F amurensis remained at Jarziz, Salalah,Oman, through March. On 14 May, a Eurasian HobbyF subbuteo had reached Reykjanes, Iceland. On 12May, Eleonora’s Falcons F eleonorae were reportedfrom Öland and Skåne, Sweden. In Scotland, theAmerican Coot Fulica americana at Loch of Benston,Shetland, from 13 November 2004 was last seen on 25March; the individual at Coot Loch, Benbecula, OuterHebrides, from 25 February was present until at least 7 April.

WADERS TO TERNS In Cyprus, single Cream-colouredCoursers Cursorius cursor were seen at Mandria on 31March and at Paphos lighthouse from 9 April. If accept-ed, a Kittlitz’s Plover Charadrius pecuarius at Spiro’sbeach on 29 March will be the fifth for Cyprus.Probably the same Greater Sand Plover C leschenaultiiwas first present at Harlingen, Friesland, the Nether-lands, on 30 April and then south of Halmstad,

Halland, Sweden, on 3-4 May. In Israel, four CaspianPlovers C asiaticus were seen at Eilat on 21-24 Aprilwhile one was in Cyprus on 17 April. The first KilldeerC vociferus for the Netherlands was at Rottige Meente,Friesland/Overijssel, on 3-5 April. After singles inMálaga, Spain, on 25-27 January and in NorthernIreland from 25 February to 8 March, singles occurredat Breydon Water, Norfolk, England, on 28-29 Marchand at Lough Atalia, Galway, Ireland, on 16 April.Sociable Lapwings Vanellus gregarius were at Marjalde Pego-Oliva, Valencia, Spain, on 3-16 March and inThüringen, Germany, from 27 March. A lengthy surveyin India in January-February resulted in 11 individualsin Rajasthan, seven in Gujerat and none in Haryanaand Punjab (where it was a fairly common winterer inthe 1930s). In Israel, two White-tailed Lapwings V leu-curus were seen at Ma’agan Michael on 28 Februaryand one at Samar, Arava, from 19 March. In France, aBaird’s Sandpiper Calidris bairdii was photographedtogether with a Pectoral Sandpiper C melanotos at Lacde Curbans, Hautes-Alpes, on 2 May. In Norfolk, anadult Stilt Sandpiper C himantopus was at BurnhamNorton and sometimes Titchwell from 10 May on-wards. If accepted, a Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipesat Wimpey Pits on 21 April will be the first for theUnited Arab Emirates (UAE). On São Vicente, possiblythe same Solitary Sandpiper T solitaria first seen atMindelo sewage works on 13 January was again pres-

256 White-tailed Lapwing / Witstaartkievit Vanellusleucurus, Samar, Arava, Israel, 19 March 2005

(Otto Plantema)

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257 Barrow’s Goldeneye / IJslandse Brilduiker Bucephala islandica, male, Ythan Estuary, Aberdeenshire, Scotland,14 May 2005 (Pete Morrison) 258 Bufflehead / Buffelkopeend Bucephala albeola, male, Ezumakeeg, Friesland,Netherlands, 6 May 2005 (Harvey van Diek) 259 Ring-necked Duck / Ringsnaveleend Aythya collaris, Sulikow,Upper Silesia, Poland, 28 April 2005 (Pavel Gebski) 260 American Black Duck / Amerikaanse Zwarte

Eend Anas rubripes, female, Tresco, Scilly, England, 8 April 2005 (Dominic Mitchell)

ent on 15-16 April; the first for the Cape Verde Islandswas an adult at Rabil lagoon, Boavista, on 12 March1997. In Ireland, the adult winter Short-billedDowitcher Limnodromus griseus remained on NorthBull Island, Dublin, from 31 October 2004 to at leastmid-April. In the Netherlands, the long-staying Long-billed Dowitcher L scolopaceus at Oud-Sabbinge,Veerse Meer, Zeeland, from 13 October 2004 remainedthrough April. In England, an adult Franklin’s GullLarus pipixcan was found at Newnham, Gloucester-shire, on 23 March. A second-summer was seen inNorthumberland on several days between 2 and 6April. In Scotland, the long-staying adult Bonaparte’sGulls L philadelphia were still at Thurso, Highland, andin the Outer Hebrides in April and early May and, on 2 May, one was found on Oxford Island, Armagh,Northern Ireland. No less than 15 Ring-billed GullsL delawarensis in Spain during April involved one flock

of seven at Praia da Xunqueira, Moaña, Pontevedra, on22 April. An adult Ross’s Gull Rhodostethia rosea turn-ed up at Loch of Tankerness, Orkney, on 8 April. InIreland, the Forster’s Tern Sterna forsteri at Nimmo’sPier, Galway, was seen again on 23 March. An orange-billed tern showing the features of Elegant Tern S ele-gans turned up at Christchurch Harbour, Dorset,England, on 10 May. On 13 May, an influx of morethan 400 White-winged Terns Chlidonias leucopterustook place in southern and south-eastern Denmarkwith c 65 reaching Skåne, Sweden, and just up to 10(one flock of five) on 14 and 15 May in theNetherlands; it reminded of a similar but larger andmore widespread influx of 1000s on 13-15 May 1997.

DOVES TO BULBULS In Norway, the long-stayingOriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis at Drag,Tysfjord, Nordland, from 20 November 2004 was last

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reported on 12 April. In Jordan, Namaqua Doves Oenacapensis were seen at Suwayma on 10 April (one fe-male), at Azraq on 12 April (three) and at Aqaba sew-age pools on 16 April (three). In West Sussex, England,an adult Great Spotted Cuckoo Clamator glandariuswas briefly at Shoreham-by-Sea on 3 April and anotherwas well-watched at Worthing on 3-9 April. The firstfor Hungary was photographed at Hajdú-Bihar on 11 May. Snowy Owls Bubo scandiacus were seen onHarris, Outer Hebrides, on 19 March; on Stronsay,Orkney, on 26 March; on Fair Isle, Shetland, on 2 April; and on North Uist from 26 April onwards. Thefourth White-throated Needletail Hirundapus cauda-cutus for Finland flew past Savitaipale, Vesitorni, on 8 May. One or more Belted Kingfishers Ceryle alcyonkept twitchers travelling between England and Scotlandas it was first seen at Milton, Staffordshire, on 1 April,near Howden in East Yorkshire on 2 April, and then

along River Dee, Aberdeenshire, on 4-9 April. On 28 April, news was released that at least one maleIvory-billed Woodpecker Campephilus principalis stillsurvives in Big Woods, eastern Arkansas, USA; after aseries of observations in April 2004, a lot of searchingsince November 2004 resulted in just one sighting on14 February (cf www.sciencemag.org/cgi/rapidpdf/1114103v1.pdf). The species was thought to be extinctin 1996 (Cuba) and the last to be documented alive inthe USA was in 1944. A Bar-tailed Lark Ammomanescincturus photographed at Cala Murtra, Roses, Girona,Catalunya, on 28 April was the first for mainland Spain.If accepted, a Temminck’s Lark Eremophila temminckiireported in Paphos on 22 April will be the first forCyprus. Two Eurasian Crag Martins Ptyonoprognerupestris at Souteska, Palava hills, southern Moravia,on 23 April may constitute the second record for theCzech Republic; the first was at the same site in

261 Northern Bald Ibis / Kaalkopibis Geronticus eremita, Trujillo, Extremadura, Spain, April 2005 (Hugh Harrop)262 Greater Spotted Eagle / Bastaardarend Aquila clanga, immature, Cap Bon, Tunisia, 2 May 2005 (Arnoud B vanden Berg) 263 Yellow-headed Wagtail / Kaspische Kwikstaart Motacilla lutea, km 20, north of Eilat, Israel, April 2005 (Max Berlijn) 264 Amur Falcon / Amoerroodpootvalk Falco amurensis, male, Jarziz, Salalah, Oman,

March 2005 (Guy Kirwan)

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265 Alpine Accentor / Alpenheggenmus Prunella collaris, Säppi, Luvia, Finland, 11 May 2005 (Harry J Lehto)

266 Amur Wagtail / Amoerkwikstaart Motacilla leucopsis, male, Seaham, Durham, England, 6 April 2005 (Chris Bell)

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November 2003. Four or five Red-rumped SwallowsHirundo daurica at Dali reservoir on 28 Marchconstitute the fourth record for Georgia. In the Nether-lands, a presumed ‘White-throated Wagtail’ Motacillacinereocapilla/iberiae was present at Nieuwerkerk aande IJssel, Zuid-Holland, from 7 May. A Yellow-headedWagtail M lutea photographed at km 20 near Eilat on8-10 April was (only) the c 20th for Israel. A first-summer Black-headed Wagtail M feldegg sound-recorded at Derkaoua, Merzouga, on 11-12 April was c the fifth for Morocco. Four or five were reported innorth-eastern Spain between 6 and 29 April. In France,a first-summer male Citrine Wagtail M citreola was atMotz, Savoie, on 20-21 April and a female in Morbi-han on 24 April. A male Amur Wagtail M leucopsis atSeaham, Durham, England, on 5-6 April is anunexpected first for the WP; this taxon breeds inAmurland, Russia, eastern China and Korea and win-ters in south-eastern Asia. The first for Oman had beenvideoed on 24 February (Birding World 18: 158, 2005).A Pied Wagtail M yarrellii was seen along the Arve,Geneva, Switzerland, on 4 March. In Jordan, c 15White-cheeked Bulbuls Pycnonotus leucogenys atAzraq on 11-13 April were claimed to be recentlyreleased.

MOCKINGBIRDS TO BUNTINGS A territorial maleNorthern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos at Arguine-guin, Gran Canaria, from November 2004 to at least 13

April was the first for the Canary Islands and Spain(apart from two in Britain, there is one record for theNetherlands on 16-23 October 1988). The fourth AlpineAccentor Prunella collaris for Finland was at Säppi,Luvia, on 10-11 May. The first for Estonia was atNoarootsi Dirhami on 15 May. A Rufous-tailed ScrubRobin Cercotrichas galactotes stayed on Comino, Malta,on 23-24 April. In Israel, Black Scrub Robins C podobewere seen at Eilat on 31 March and at Yahel, Arava, on8-9 April; in addition, one was ringed at Eilat on 21April. The first Seebohm’s Wheatear Oenanthe see-bohmi for Europe was a male photographed atWindmill Hill Flats, Gibraltar, on 28 April. About theeighth Eastern Black-eared Wheatear O melanoleucafor Oman was at Al-Beed farm on 29 March. InSweden, a black-eared wheatear was found on Ölandon 14 May. A first-summer male Desert WheatearO deserti at Fochteloërveen, Drenthe, on 5-10 Aprilconstituted the second spring record for the Netherlands(the previous was a female in April 1989). The White-crowned Wheatear O leucopyga in Antalya on 2 Marchwas the third, not the second for Turkey (contra DutchBirding 27: 143, 2005). A female Rufous-tailed RockThrush Monticola saxatilis was photographed in Truro,Cornwall, England, on 1 May. The first White’s ThrushZoothera aurea in spring for Shetland was reported atWester Quarff, Mainland, on 27-28 April. If accepted,an Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus at Værnes,Stjørdal, Nord-Trøndelag, on 18 April will be the fifth

267 African Crimson-winged Finch / Afrikaanse Rode Woestijnvink Rhodopechys sanguineus alienus, male,Oukaimeden, High Atlas, Morocco, 5 April 2005 (Arnoud B van den Berg)

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268 Trumpeter Finch / Woestijnvink Bucanetes githagineus, male, Boningen, Solothurn, Switzerland, 28 April 2005(Adrian Jordi)

269 Trumpeter Finch / Woestijnvink Bucanetes githagineus, male, Ouessant, Finistère, France, 9 May 2005(Aurélien Audevard)

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for Norway. The second Dusky Thrush T naumannieunomus for the UAE remained at Ghantoot from 28February until 26 March. The first and only for Swedenreported in Västergötland on 27 October 1996 (cfDutch Birding 18: 329, 1996) has been rejected by theSwedish rarities committee. The Black-throated ThrushT ruficollis atrogularis on Husøy, Træna, Nordland, from1 March was last seen on 14 April. Another was report-ed in Niedersachsen, Germany, on 10 April. The thirdMarmora’s Warbler Sylvia sarda for Spain was asecond-calendar-year male trapped at Illa de l’Aire,Menorca, on 8 April and observed until 19 April. A male Ménétries’s Warbler S mystacea was at Wadi alButm, Jordan, on 13 April. An African Desert WarblerS deserti was found on Linosa off Sicily, Italy, in mid-April. The sixth Pallas’s Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus pro-regulus for Spain and the fifth in spring (including oneon Islas Chafarinas on 29 April 2001) was singing at ElAcebuche, Donaña, Huelva, on 21 April. The winteringDusky Warbler P fuscatus at Kessingland, Suffolk,England, from 2 December 2004 was still present on 17April. A singing individual on Linosa off Sicily in Aprilwas the third or fourth for Italy. Reportedly, an IberianChiffchaff P ibericus was ringed at Falsterbo, Skåne, on25 April. Others were singing at Poperinge, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium, and in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germa-ny, from 23 April onwards. The second Short-toedTreecreeper Certhia brachydactyla for Essex, England,was singing in April. The fourth Long-tailed ShrikeLanius schach for the UAE was near Dhafra beach on 2 May. In Germany, a Daurian Shrike L isabellinus wasphotographed at Aartalsperre, Hessen, on 8 May. Ifaccepted, a Fan-tailed Raven Corvus rhipidurus atBelen on 22 March will be the first for Turkey. The firstWhite-winged Snowfinch Montifringilla nivalis forHelgoland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, since 1901was photographed on 21 March. A flock of two millionBramblings Fringilla montifringilla was roosting atSevnica, Slovenia, from December 2004 to February.On 30 March, two territorial Golden-winged GrosbeaksRhyncostruthus socotranus were present at Ain Hamran,Oman, where they had not been seen for a few years,apparently. Four Lesser Redpolls Carduelis cabaret atCau de Llastres, Asturias, on 9 March constituted thethird record for Spain. In Morocco, 22 African Crimson-

winged Finches Rhodopechys sanguineus alienus at theOukaimeden ski lift station in late March and the firstweek of April was a high total for this uncommon taxon.The first Trumpeter Finch Bucanetes githagineus forSwitzerland was a well-observed male at Boningen,Solothurn, on 27-29 April. Others were present atPaphos, Cyprus, on 5 April, on Rhodos, Greece, on 23April and at Besós river mouth, Barcelona, Spain, on 27April. Curiously, both at the Swiss and the Spanish site,a Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla was present at thesame time. In France, up to six Trumpeter Finches wereseen in mid-April: on Noirmoutiers, Vendée, on 30April; a male at Les Saintes-Maries de la Mer,Camargue, Bouches-du-Rhône, on 7 May; a male anda female on île du Levant, Var, on 9 May; on Ouessant,Finistère, on 9-10 May; and in Gironde on 15 May. OffSicily, one was seen on Linosa in mid-April. From 21May, one stayed at Landguard, Suffolk. A Dark-eyedJunco Junco hyemalis was found on an oil rig offAberdeenshire on 17-19 May. If accepted, three Grey-necked Buntings E buchanani at Al Wathba camel trackon 22 April constitute the first record for the UAE.

For a number of reports, Birding World, British Birds,www.birdguides.com, www.netfugl.dk and www.rarebirda-lert.co.uk were consulted. We wish to thank AlexanderAbuladze, René Alma, Mark Barter, Chris Batty (Santiago),Keith Bensusan, Max Berlijn, Roger Börjesson, Alain Chappuis,Rolf Christensen, Andrea Corso (Italy), Hugues Dufourny(Jordan), Enno Ebels, David Erterius, Dick Forsman, TommyFrandsen, Raymond Galea (Malta), Pawel Gebski, Jeff Gordon(Stavropol), Barak Granit, Bikram Grewal, Andrew Grieve,Marcello Grussu (Sardinia), Ricard Gutiérrez (Spain), MarkHawkes, Martin Helin, Erik Hirschfeld, Niklas Holmstrom,Mathias Jönck, Leander Khil, Guy Kirwan, Hans Larsson(Linosa), Per-Erik Lindgren, Justin Jansen, Erling Jirle (Sweden),Krys Kazmierczak, Michel Klemann, Szabolcs Kókay, YannKolbeinsson, Martjan Lammertink, Hans Larsson, Esa Lehi-koinen, Rami Lindroos, Juan Antonio Lorenzo, JonathanMeyrav, Richard Millington, Dominic Mitchell, GeirMobakken, Charlie Moores, Nial Moores, John Oates, MenottiPassarella, Yoav Perlman (IRDC), René Pop, Kalle Rainio, ColinRichardson, Mathias Ritschard, Magnus Robb, Carlos Sánchez,Per Sandberg, Holger Schritt, Dare Sere, Suresh C Sharma(India), Pierre Unge (Sweden), Martin Vavrik, AmílcarVasconcelos, Geoff Welch, Hilary Welch (Turkey) and RikWinters for their help in compiling this review.

Arnoud B van den Berg, Duinlustparkweg 98, 2082 EG Santpoort-Zuid, Netherlands ([email protected])

Marcel Haas, Turkooisstraat 8, 9743 KZ Groningen, Netherlands ([email protected])

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Dit overzicht van recente meldingen van zeldzame eninteressante vogels in Nederland en België beslaatvoornamelijk de periode maart-april 2005. De vermel-de gevallen zijn merendeels niet geverifieerd en hetoverzicht is niet volledig. Alle vogelaars die de moeitenamen om hun waarnemingen aan ons door te gevenworden hartelijk bedankt. Waarnemers van soorten inNederland die worden beoordeeld door de CommissieDwaalgasten Nederlandse Avifauna wordt verzochthun waarnemingen zo spoedig mogelijk toe te zendenaan: CDNA, Postbus 45, 2080 AA Santpoort-Zuid,Nederland, e-mail [email protected]. Hiertoegelieve men gebruik te maken van CDNA-waarne-mingsformulieren die eveneens verkrijgbaar zijn bijbovenstaand adres, of via de website van de DBA opwww.dutchbirding.nl.

NederlandGANZEN TOT VALKEN De blauwe vorm SneeuwgansAnser caerulescens van de Hekslootpolder, Noord-Holland, werd nog gemeld tot 17 april. Een anderewerd op 26 maart gemeld bij de drie witte vanOudemirdum, Friesland. Enkele Ross’ Ganzen A rossii,grotendeels op dezelfde plekken als in de vorige perio-de, verbleven van 13 maart tot 18 april in deOostvaardersplassen, Flevoland, van 15 maart tot 26april in de Scherpenissepolder, Zeeland, op 21 maart inde Prunjepolder, Zeeland, op 22 maart bij Melissant,Zuid-Holland, op 27 maart bij Uitdam, Noord-Holland, en op 27 april in de Jan Durkspolder bijEernewoude, Friesland. De belangrijkste groepjesDwergganzen A erythropus waren zes bij Hardinxveld-Giessendam, Zuid-Holland, tot 1 maart, 14 achter dePutten bij Petten, Noord-Holland, tot 16 maart enmaximaal 19 bij Tibma, Friesland, tot 20 maart. Tot halfapril werden nog diverse andere ‘losse’ exemplarendoorgegeven elders uit het land. Op 13 maart werd eenGroenlandse Kolgans A albifrons flavirostris aangetrof-fen bij Garrelsweer, Groningen. Minstens 20 Roodhals-ganzen Branta ruficollis werden nog gemeld, waaron-der drie op 17 april in Friesland Buitendijks, Friesland,en vier op 30 april bij de Dollard, Groningen. Van de45 gemelde Witbuikrotganzen B hrota verbleef hetgrootste deel in het noorden van het land. Ook werdennog eens 14 Zwarte Rotganzen B nigricans gezien, metals beste locatie Terschelling, Friesland, waar er drieverbleven. Witoogeenden Aythya nyroca zwommennog tot 5 maart bij Gendringen, Gelderland, tot 17april bij Leeuwarden, Friesland, op 14 maart (twee) bijJulianadorp, Noord-Holland, op 15 en 16 maart weerbij Dalfsen, Overijssel, op 21 maart (twee) in Polder W,Noord-Holland, op 28 en 29 maart bij Dordrecht,Zuid-Holland, op 26 april in De Wieden, Overijssel, enop 30 april in de Starrevaart, Zuid-Holland, en op DeHamert, Limburg. Een adult mannetje KoningseiderSomateria spectabilis vloog op 14 maart langs Camper-

duin, Noord-Holland. Op 13 maart werden vanuit eenvliegtuigje tijdens een telling ten noorden vanAmeland, Friesland, twee mannetjes Brilzee-eendMelanitta perspicillata gefotografeerd. De volgende dagkon er vanaf het eiland nog één worden teruggevon-den. Net als vorig jaar verscheen er ook weer eenexemplaar bij de Brouwersdam, Zuid-Holland, nu van6 tot 15 april; het betrof een adult mannetje en dusmogelijk dezelfde vogel als vorig jaar (toen onvolwas-sen mannetje). De Buffelkopeend Bucephala albeolavan de Barendrecht, Zuid-Holland, bleef tot 26 maartop de Gaatkensplas en werd de laatste week van aprilop twee andere plasjes bij Barendrecht (aan weerszij-den van de A59) waargenomen. Van 26 maart tot 1april en van 21 april tot in mei verbleef een mannetjeBronskopeend Anas falcata in het Nulderdauw bijNijkerk, Gelderland. Een mannetje AmerikaanseSmient A americana verscheen op 3 april bij Gaar-keuken, Groningen, en bleef tot 10 april. Een mannetjeBlauwvleugeltaling A discors pleisterde voor het twee-de opeenvolgende voorjaar op Texel, Noord-Holland,van 18 tot 22 april. Een mannetje Korhoen Tetrao tetrixwerd op 2 maart dood gevonden in Dalfsen, Overijssel,c 22 km van de laatst overgebleven broedlocatie bij deHolterberg, Overijssel; de jaarlijkse simultaantellingleverde hier eind april en begin mei 13 hanen op (tweeminder dan in 2004). De IJsduiker Gavia immer vanNeeltje Jans, Zeeland, bleef volharden tot 7 maart. Ookwerden exemplaren gezien op 6 maart bij Vlissingen,Zeeland, en op 23 maart bij Colijnsplaat, Zeeland. EenVaal Stormvogeltje Oceanodroma leucorhoa werddood gevonden op 4 april bij IJmuiden, Noord-Holland. Bizar was de waarneming van een adulte Jan-van-gent Morus bassanus vliegend over Deventer,Overijssel, op 29 maart. Interessant is de melding op22 maart van een Dwergaalscholver Phalacrocoraxpygmeus vliegend langs Wageningen, Gelderland,zeker als we daarnaast de waarneming zetten van een‘aalscholvertje’ – vliegend met Aalscholvers P carbo enhalf zo groot als deze – op 5 april langs Maastricht,Limburg. Enkele Kuifaalscholvers P aristotelis bleven inhet begin van de periode bij Neeltje Jans, waar ooknog ‘losse’ exemplaren werden gezien op 25 maart en15 april. Andere werden waargenomen tot 13 maart bijIJmuiden (twee), op 10 maart bij de Maasvlakte, Zuid-Holland, en op 13 maart langs Breskens, Zeeland. Op29 april werd een vliegende Roze Pelikaan Pelecanusonocrotalus gemeld, eerst boven Nijmegen, Gelder-land, en later boven Wageningen. ‘Verwilderde’ Kwak-ken Nycticorax nycticorax waren nog steeds aanwezigbij Alphen aan den Rijn, Zuid-Holland, en bij deEuromast in Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland. Exemplaren vanvermoedelijk wilde(re) herkomst werden gezien op 10april over Almere, Flevoland, op 16 april bij Sleeuwijk,Noord-Brabant, op 28 april over Wageningen en op 30april langs Breskens. Koereigers Bubulcus ibis versche-nen op 28 maart ten zuiden van het Harderbroek,

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[Dutch Birding 27: 220-231, 2005]

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270 Killdeerplevier / Killdeer Charadrius vociferus, Rottige Meente, Overijssel, 4 april 2005 (Bas van den Boogaard)

Flevoland, en op 11 en 12 april bij Stevensweert,Limburg; de laatste verbleef eerder al enige tijd aan deBelgische kant van de Maas. Eind april tekende zicheen influx van deze soort af met waarnemingen op 21en 22 april langs Breskens, op 22 april (drie) bijKattendijke, Zeeland, op 23 april in de DeesscheWatergang eveneens bij Kattendijke, op 23 en 24 aprilbij Willemstad, Noord-Brabant, op 24 april (dood) bijWissenkerke, Zeeland, op 27 april (twee) langs dePraamweg, Flevoland, op 28 april (drie) langs Kamper-hoek, Flevoland, en (twee) bij Wierum, Friesland, op29 april (twee) langs de Dordtsche Biesbosch, Zuid-Holland, en op 30 april in het Quackjeswater, Zuid-Holland, bij Heerenveen, Friesland, en in de YersekeMoer, Zeeland. Na een vroege Zwarte OoievaarCiconia nigra op 24 maart over het Leersumse Veld,Utrecht, en mogelijk dezelfde langs de Blauwe Kamer,Utrecht, volgden in april nog eens 17 exemplaren.Zwarte Ibissen Plegadis falcinellus werden gezien op 4 april bij Julianadorp, op 12 april over Leiden, Zuid-Holland, op 23 april langs Itteren, Limburg, op 24 aprilbij Eemnes, Utrecht, en op 30 april langs de CarelCoenraadpolder, Groningen. Uiteraard waren de Oost-vaardersplassen weer de beste plek om ZeearendenHaliaeetus albicilla te bewonderen. Tot 21 maart ver-bleven er hier drie, tot 24 april twee en daarna één.Elders in Nederland werden in deze periode nog eens11 exemplaren opgetekend. Een adult vrouwtjeMonniksgier Aegypius monachus oorspronkelijk

afkomstig uit Spanje en losgelaten in het kader van eenherintroductieproject in Frankrijk (met kleurring engebleekte handpennen) werd op 16 en 17 maart gezienbij Beers, Noord-Brabant; vanaf 21 maart tot in meiverbleef deze vogel (‘Carmen’) in de Oostvaarders-plassen. Een mannetje Steppekiekendief Circusmacrourus was in de avond van 29 en de vroege och-tend van 30 maart aanwezig bij Middelburg, Zeeland;andere mannetjes vlogen op 30 maart langs deKamperhoek, op 4 april over Groningen, Groningen,ook op 4 april langs de Eemshaven, Groningen, en op21 april langs Breskens en Nijverdal, Overijssel. Eenvrouwtje werd gefotografeerd op 19 en 20 april opRottumeroog, Groningen. Verder waren er meldingenop 26 maart bij Posterholt, Limburg, op 11 en 25 aprillangs de Eemshaven, op 22 april over Hoogkerk,Groningen, en op 30 april bij Ruurlo, Overijssel.Spectaculair was de waarneming van de eersteKeizerarend Aquila heliaca voor Nederland op 3 aprillangs Kamperhoek. Helaas was deze soort slechts weg-gelegd voor enkele waarnemers. Op 15 april werd eenSteenarend A chrysaetos kort waargenomen bijOudeschip, Groningen. Vanaf 20 april werd een zestalRoodpootvalken Falco vespertinus gemeld.

KRAANVOGELS TOT ALKEN Tussen 2 en 23 maart trok-ken vele 100en Kraanvogels Grus grus over ons land.Op 26 april vloog een Jufferkraanvogel G virgo overhet Deelensche Veld, Gelderland; er kon niet worden

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vastgesteld of deze vogel geringd was. SteltklutenHimantopus himantopus werden waargenomen opnegen locaties; in totaal ging het om 19 exemplaren.Op 24 april werd een Griel Burhinus oedicnemusgezien in het niet toegankelijke deel van de HW-dui-nen, Zuid-Holland. Een gedenkwaardige dag in deNederlandse vogelhistorie werd 3 april. Na de eersteKeizerarend werd namelijk als tweede nieuwe soorteen Killdeerplevier Charadrius vociferus ontdekt in deRottige Meente, Friesland. Deze was voor veel waarne-mers weggelegd en bleef tot 5 april, waarbij hij enkelemalen de provinciegrens met Overijssel overstak. Eenmelding op 27 april in de Vossewaard bij Kampen,Overijssel, bleef onbevestigd. De achtste Woestijn-plevier C leschenaultii voor Nederland werd op 30april gefotografeerd bij Harlingen, Friesland, en dook(op basis van vergelijking van de foto’s) een paar dagen

later op in Zweden. Morinelplevieren C morinelluswerden gezien op 24 april aan de zuidkant van deOostvaardersplassen (zeven), op 26 april (16) vliegendboven de noordkant van de Oostvaardersplassen en op27 april (vier) langs de Eemshaven. Een GestreepteStrandloper Calidris melanotos was op 26 en 27 aprilaanwezig in het Jaap Deensgat, Friesland. Een langs-vliegende Poelsnip Gallinago media werd op 28 aprilgemeld bij Kamperhoek. De Grote Grijze Snip Limno-dromus scolopaceus van het Veerse Meer, Zeeland,liep tot 19 maart bij de Middelplaten en van 15 tot 18april bij de Zandkreekdam aan de oostkant van hetVeerse Meer. In april was de vogel al bijna geheel opkleur. Poelruiters Tringa stagnatilis waren dit voorjaarvroeg present met vanaf 16 april al een 10-tal, waarvantwee op 25 april bij Bleskensgraaf, Zuid-Holland.Vanaf 19 april verbleef een Rosse Franjepoot Phala-

271 Brilzee-eenden / Surf Scoters Melanitta perspicillata, adulte mannetjes, Noordzee ten noorden van Ameland,Friesland, 13 maart 2005 (Pim A Wolf) 272 Brilzee-eend / Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata, adult mannetje,Brouwersdam, Zuid-Holland, 6 april 2005 (Pim A Wolf) 273 Bronskopeend / Falcated Duck Anas falcata, manne-tje, Nijkerkernauw, Gelderland, 1 april 2005 (Jan den Hertog) 274 Amerikaanse Smient / American Wigeon Anas

americana, mannetje, Gaarkeuken, Groningen, april 2005 (Martijn Bot)

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ropus fulicarius bij Herkingen, Zuid-Holland. Een leukewaarneming betrof een adulte donkere Middelste JagerStercorarius pomarinus op 29 april op het Ketelmeernabij de Ketelbrug, Flevoland. De RingsnavelmeeuwenLarus delawarensis bleven tot 9 maart bij Tiel,Gelderland, en tot 5 maart (met nog een melding op 15maart) bij Goes, Zeeland. Op 4 maart werd een exem-plaar gemeld bij Breda, Noord-Brabant. Kleine Burge-meesters L glaucoides werden gezien op 17 april langsEgmond aan Zee, Noord-Holland, en op 22 april overGroningen. Grote Burgemeesters L hyperboreus ver-bleven tot 26 maart bij IJmuiden, van 10 tot 20 maartbij Scheveningen, Zuid-Holland, van 8 tot 27 april(dood aangetroffen) bij de Eemshaven, en van 20 tot 24april bij Katwijk aan Zee, Zuid-Holland. Daarnaastwerden nog zes waarnemingen verricht aan de kust.Doortrekkende Lachsterns Gelochelidon nilotica wer-

den opgemerkt op 23 april bij Het Zwin, Zeeland (één),bij Breskens (twee, waaronder vermoedelijk de vogelvan Het Zwin) en in het Naardermeer, Noord-Holland,op 24 april langs Kamperhoek, op 29 april langs deEemshaven en op 30 april langs de Visvijverweg,Flevoland. Vanaf 24 maart werden c 30 ReuzensternsSterna caspia geteld waaronder maximaal acht van 17tot 24 april in de Makkumerzuidwaard, Friesland.Eerstejaars Witwangsterns Chlidonias hybrida verble-ven van 19 tot 23 april in de Autrichepolder bijWestdorpe, Zeeland, en vanaf 20 april in De Blikkenbij Groede, Zeeland. Vanaf 28 april waren maximaaltwee in zomerkleed aanwezig in de BaarzandscheKreek, Zeeland, en op 30 april verschenen exemplarenin de Prunjepolder, en in De Hamert. De ZwarteZeekoet Cepphus grylle van West-Terschelling tekendebij tot ten minste 24 maart. Een ander exemplaar werd

275 Steppekiekendief / Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus, onvolwassen mannetje, Breskens, Zeeland, 21 april 2005(Michel Veldt) 276 Steppekiekendief / Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus, mannetje, Sint Laurens, Zeeland, 29 maart2005 (Tobi Koppejan) 277 Woestijnplevier / Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii, Harlingen, Friesland, 30 april 2005 (Petra van der Heide) 278 Killdeerplevier / Killdeer Charadrius vociferus, Rottige Meente, Overijssel,

4 april 2005 (Roland Jansen)

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279 Monniksgier / Eurasian Black Vulture Aegypius monachus, adult vrouwtje (‘Carmen’), Beers, Noord-Brabant,17 maart 2005 (Leo J R Boon/Cursorius)

280 Korhoen / Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix, Holterberg, Overijssel, 19 maart 2005 (Chris van Rijswijk)

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281 Cetti’s Zanger / Cetti’s Warbler Cettia cetti, bij Maastricht, Limburg, 23 april 2005 (Ran Schols)

282 Kortteenleeuwerik / Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla, Hee, Terschelling, Friesland, 21 april 2005 (Arie Ouwerkerk)

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283 Woestijntapuit / Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti, tweedejaars mannetje, Fochteloërveen, Drenthe, april 2005 (Roland Jansen)

284 Roodkopklauwier / Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator, De Koog, Texel, Noord-Holland, 26 april 2005 (René Pop

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op 21 maart gemeld langs Noordwijk aan Zee, Noord-Holland. Een Kleine Alk Alle alle was op 3 maart terplaatse bij Den Helder, Noord-Holland, en op 11 maartwerd een exemplaar dood gevonden op Rottumeroog.Papegaaiduikers Fratercula arctica werden gezien op 6maart langs Westkapelle, Zeeland, en op 9 april langsAmeland; op 12 maart werd een dood exemplaargevonden bij Domburg, Zeeland.

UILEN TOT GORZEN Een Oeraluil Strix uralensis inEnkhuizen, Noord-Holland, trok vanaf 12 april ruimeen week redelijk wat bekijks maar bleek na te zijngevangen niet onverwacht een Nederlandse kooiring tedragen. Op 30 april vloog een Alpengierzwaluw Apusmelba langs Breskens. Deze vogel was kort daarvoorook al bij Het Zwin opgemerkt. Vanaf 20 maart werden16 Hoppen Upupa epops doorgegeven; ze blevenmaar kort ter plaatse behalve bij De Pomp in hetLauwersmeergebied, Friesland, waar een exemplaarvan 18 tot 21 april bleef. Een Middelste Bonte SpechtDendrocopos medius werd op 27 maart gemeld bijMidwolda, Groningen. Op Terschelling werd op 21april een Kortteenleeuwerik Calandrella brachydactylaontdekt bij Hee. Op 5 april werd een vroege Roodstuit-zwaluw Hirundo daurica gezien in de Klompenwaardbij Doornenburg, Gelderland, en mogelijk hetzelfdeexemplaar verbleef op 16 en 17 april in de nabijgele-gen Jezuïtenwaai bij Duiven, Gelderland. Andereexemplaren vlogen op 24 april langs Kamperhoek enop 30 april over de Maasvlakte. Een Grote PieperAnthus richardi werd op 23 april gefotografeerd in deEemshaven en een andere passeerde op 26 aprilBreskens. Vroege Duinpiepers A campestris werdengezien op 4 april bij Hazerswoude-Dorp, Zuid-Holland, en op 10 april bij Nes, Dongeradeel,Friesland. Vanaf 14 april werden er c 20 geteld waar-onder een exemplaar op 21 en 22 april nabijNistelrode, Noord-Brabant. Langstrekkende Roodkeel-piepers A cervinus werden opgemerkt op 23 april bijBreskens, op 24 april bij Ohé en Laak, Limburg, en op29 april over de Eemshaven. Een groep van vier werdop 30 april waargenomen op de Loozerheide bijBudel-Dorplein, Noord-Brabant. De eind februari inge-zette toename van Pestvogels Bombycilla garrulus cul-mineerde begin maart tot ruim 3200. Tot eind maartkwamen daar nog eens ruim 1000 bij en in april ruim500. Opvallend was het voorkomen in Limburg met

alleen al begin maart een 1000-tal en met een kleineopleving half april die mogelijk op terugtrek duidde.De grootste groepen waren 300 exemplaren op 2 maartin Maastricht, 260 op 4 maart in Heerlen, Limburg,200 op 7 maart in Arnhem, Gelderland, en 160 op 14april bij ‘t Rooth, Limburg. Een Japanse PestvogelB japonica trok in Wageningen op met een groepjePestvogels van 3 tot 25 maart en ook weer op 1 april.Of deze vogel op eigen kracht de reis vanuit zijnAziatische broedgebied volbracht blijft ongewis. EenWaterspreeuw Cinclus cinclus werd op 23 april gezienin de Vreugdenrijkerwaard bij Zwolle, Overijssel. Hetmannetje Roodsterblauwborst Luscinia svecica svecica(of in ieder geval het mannetje Blauwborst met rodester) was al vanaf eind maart weer aanwezig in deOoijpolder, Gelderland. Van 5 tot 10 april verbleef eeneerstejaars mannetje Woestijntapuit Oenanthe desertiin het Fochteloërveen, Drenthe. De hybride Zwarte xGekraagde Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochruros x phoeni-curus, werd op 22 april, net als vorig jaar, zingendwaargenomen bij Ospel, Limburg. Cetti’s ZangersCettia cetti bleven de gehele periode: twee bijStellendam, Zuid-Holland, vanaf 18 maart drie in hetZwanenwater, Noord-Holland, op 18 maart bij ‘s-Gravendeel, Zuid-Holland, op 21 maart bij Diemen,Noord-Holland, op 23 maart en 1 april in de Noord-polder bij Delfgauw, Zuid-Holland, en eind april bijMaastricht, Limburg. Graszangers Cisticola juncidiswerden gezien op 16 maart en 2, 3 en 30 april bijBreskens, op 2 april bij Westkapelle, en op 19 april inhet Markiezaat, Noord-Brabant, en in de Prunjepolder.Een Siberische Tjiftjaf Phylloscopus collybita tristiswerd op 23 en 24 april gemeld in het Kwelbos aan deoostkant van het Lauwersmeer, Groningen. TweeTaigaboomkruipers Certhia familiaris verbleven van 12tot 14 april bij Hilversum, Noord-Holland. Roodkop-klauwieren Lanius senator werden gezien op 23 aprilin Dieren, Gelderland, en van 26 april tot 1 mei bijEcomare op Texel. Een Notenkraker Nucifraga caryo-catactes vloog op 13 april van boom tot boom naarnoord bij Amersfoort, Utrecht. Opvallend is dat op 14april een exemplaar strak naar het noordoosten vloogover Kampen. Vanaf 16 april werden ten minste 22Ortolanen Emberiza hortulana genoteerd, waarvan dehelft bij Breskens, met maar liefst zes op 28 april. Op 1maart werd een Dwerggors E pusilla gezien opSchiermonnikoog, Friesland.

BelgiëZWANEN TOT OOIEVAARS Zes Wilde Zwanen Cygnuscygnus verbleven tot 4 maart bij Virelles, Hainaut,zeven tot 6 maart bij de Brechtse Heide, Antwerpen,vijf tot 14 maart in het Schulensbroek, Limburg, en tot3 maart was er één in de Kalkense Meersen, Oost-Vlaanderen. Op 5 maart liepen twee onvolwassen

Groenlandse Kolganzen Anser albifrons flavirostris inde Uiterwaarden bij Ophoven, Limburg. De Dwerg-gans A erythropus van het Schulensbroek werd op 3maart voor het laatst gezien. Het mannetje Ameri-kaanse Wintertaling Anas carolinensis van de Dam-vallei in Destelbergen, Oost-Vlaanderen, bleef tot 7maart. Een ander mannetje zwom op 13 maart in deAchterhaven van Zeebrugge, West-Vlaanderen. Een

Ruud M van Dongen, Taalstraat 162, 5261 BJ Vught, Nederland Klaas Haas, Turkooisstraat 8, 9743 KZ Groningen, Nederland ([email protected])

Peter W W de Rouw, Schoolstraat 3-bis, 3581 PM Utrecht, Nederland

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mannetje Blauwvleugeltaling A discors werd op 30april gemeld in Het Vinne in Zoutleeuw, Vlaams-Brabant, maar werd niet teruggevonden. Er werdenheel wat Krooneenden Netta rufina gezien met waar-nemingen in Eke, Oost-Vlaanderen (vijf); Gent, Oost-Vlaanderen (twee); Harchies, Hainaut (vier); Mechelen,Antwerpen (vijf); Nederename, Oost-Vlaanderen (vijf);Obourg, Hainaut; Oudenaarde, Oost-Vlaanderen (vijf);Schoten, Antwerpen (drie); Schulen, Limburg (twee);Waasmunster, Oost-Vlaanderen (drie); Willebroek,Antwerpen; Wilsele, Vlaams-Brabant (twee); en Zever-gem, Oost-Vlaanderen (drie). Een mannetje hybrideRingsnaveleend x Kuifeend Aythya collaris x fuligulazwom van 17 tot 30 april op de AWW-bekkens inDuffel-Rumst, Antwerpen. Tot 19 maart verbleef eenvrouwtje Witoogeend A nyroca op de Ohiovijver inNederename en op 20 maart was er nog steeds één opde AWW-bekkens in Duffel. De herkomst van tweemannetjes op De Kuilen in Testelt, Vlaams-Brabant,lijkt dubieus. Er doken Kuifduikers Podiceps auritus opin Duffel (13 maart tot 1 april); Harchies (28 maart); inhet Mechels Broek, Antwerpen (11 april); Obourg (14maart); en in de Achterhaven van Zeebrugge (twee tot1 april). De enige Kuifaalscholver Phalacrocorax aristo-telis van de periode trok op 24 april langs DeFonteintjes in Zeebrugge. Bij Aarschot, Vlaams-Brabant, werd op 12 april een Kwak Nycticorax nycti-corax waargenomen. Op 26 april trok een Koereiger

Bubulcus ibis over de Moerassen van Harchies; op 29en 30 april verbleef er één in het Mechels Broek inMechelen en van 4 tot 6 april pleisterde er één in deBichterweerd bij Rotem, Limburg. Er werden nog maxi-maal 24 Kleine Zilverreigers Egretta garzetta geteld bijde slaapplaats bij het Zeekanaal in Lissewege, West-Vlaanderen, op 31 maart en 26 in Het Zwin in Knokke,West-Vlaanderen, op 30 april. Verder waren er de klas-sieke verspreide waarnemingen met een zwaartepuntin West-Vlaanderen. Op vele plaatsen werden ookweer Grote Zilverreigers Casmerodius albus opge-merkt, vooral in het oosten van het land; hoge concen-traties werden gemeld te Bree, Limburg (zes); Sint-Agatha-Rode, Vlaams-Brabant (vijf); en Zonhoven,Limburg (20). Na enkele ‘vroege’ waarnemingen vanPurperreigers Ardea purpurea in Minderhout, Antwer-pen, op 13 maart en in De Panne, West-Vlaanderen,op 24 maart, barstte de trek op 2 april los. Er werden50 exemplaren getotaliseerd met als uitschieter zesover Zeebrugge op 24 april. Waarnemingen vanZwarte Ooievaars Ciconia nigra in Vlaanderen warente Zingem, Oost-Vlaanderen, op 18 maart; in Poeder-lee, Antwerpen (twee) op 3 april; in Heverlee, Vlaams-Brabant, op 19 april; in Kalmthout, Antwerpen, op 21en 28 april, en in Opglabbeek, Limburg (drie) op 28april. Ooievaars C ciconia bleven over de hele periodevrijwel dagelijks doortrekken met grote groepen inDenderleeuw, Oost-Vlaanderen (14 op 10 maart);

285 Grijze Wouw / Black-winged Kite Elanus caeru-leus, Thoricourt, Hainaut, 29 maart 2005

(Johan Decrem)

286 Steltkluten / Black-winged Stilts Himantopushimantopus, Uitkerke, West-Vlaanderen, 6 mei 2005

(Miel Ferdinande)

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Cerfontaine, Hainaut (14 op 13 maart); Harchies (23 op13 maart); Kruibeke, Oost-Vlaanderen (c 20 op 13maart); en Hove, Antwerpen (13 op 16 maart).

WOUWEN TOT STERNS De eerste twitchbare GrijzeWouw Elanus caeruleus voor België werd op 29 maartontdekt bij Thoricourt, Hainaut. Op 30 maart gunde hijde menigte slechts een vol uur om mee te genieten,daarna trok hij stapsgewijs via Labliau, Hainaut, enMarcq, Hainaut, richting Vlaanderen. Verrassing alomtoen op 21 april weer een exemplaar werd waargeno-men, deze keer langstrekkend in het Mechels Broek inMechelen. Na de eerste Zwarte Wouwen Milvusmigrans op 12 maart in Zemst, Vlaams-Brabant, en op16 maart in Houtem, Vlaams-Brabant, en inPloegsteert, Hainaut, kwam de trek vanaf 21 maart opgang. Er werden c 115 exemplaren waargenomen. Detrek van Rode Wouwen M milvus concentreerde zichtussen 11 en 22 maart. In totaal werden er alleen al inVlaanderen 71 gemeld. In Wallonië is het onderscheidtussen broed- en trekvogels niet altijd duidelijk maarnaar schatting ging het daar om c 110 trekkers. Eenonvolwassen Zeearend Haliaeetus albicilla vloog op14 maart heen en weer boven de Schelde tussenAntwerpen en Branst, Antwerpen. Op 19 april werd eréén gezien in Nidrum, Liège. Een SlangenarendCircaetus gallicus vloog op 18 april zeer laag overGroothoek in Sint-Agatha-Rode, Vlaams-Brabant. Op 2 april trok een adult mannetje SteppekiekendiefCircus macrouros over de Moerassen van Harchies, en

op 20 april was er een melding van een overtrekkendeonvolwassen vogel (vrouwtjeskleed) over Lier-Ander-stad, Antwerpen. De eerste Grauwe Kiekendief C py-gargus trok op 19 april langs Ophoven, Limburg.Daarna volgden nog 17 waarnemingen. Op 4 maartwas er een waarneming van een RuigpootbuizerdButeo lagopus in Okselaar, Vlaams-Brabant, en inGages, Hainaut; op 6 maart pleisterde er één op hetGroot Schietveld in Brecht, Antwerpen, en daar volgdeeen tweede waarneming op 22 maart. Reeds op 22maart werd een overvliegende Dwergarend Hieraaetuspennatus gemeld in Neeroeteren, Limburg, en op 23april vloog een lichte vorm over Nisramont,Luxembourg. Op 30 april werd een onvolwassenHavikarend H fasciatus waargenomen in Vellereille-le-sec, Hainaut. Dit is reeds de derde waarneming in éénjaar tijd! De trek van Visarenden Pandion haliaetus wasmerkbaar vanaf half maart. In totaal waren er 86 mel-dingen met een piek tussen 17 en 29 april.Dubbeltellingen kunnen evenwel niet overal wordenuitgesloten. Meldingen van langsvliegende Roodpoot-valken Falco vespertinus kwamen van Oud-Heverlee,Vlaams-Brabant, op 19 april; Broechem, Antwerpen,op 26 april; en Bredene, West-Vlaanderen, op 30 april.Reeds op 8 april werd een Kwartel Coturnix coturnixgehoord in Schoten; vanaf half april werd de soort opmeerdere plaatsen waargenomen. Er werden achtPorseleinhoenders Porzana porzana opgemerkt.Intrigerend was de roep van een verondersteld vrouw-tje Klein Waterhoen P parva in de Wijvenheide in

287 Iberische Tjiftjaf / Iberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus ibericus, Helleketelbos, Poperinge, West-Vlaanderen, 18 april 2005 (Koen Verbanck)

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288 Buidelmees / Eurasian Penduline Tit Remiz pendu-linus, Zeebrugge, West-Vlaanderen, maart 2005

(Koen Verbanck)

289 Roodstuitzwaluw / Red-rumped Swallow Hirundodaurica, Harelbeke, West-Vlaanderen, 10 april 2005

(Koen Verbanck)

Zonhoven op 24 april. De vogel werd echter nietgezien… Tussen 11 en 22 maart trok nog een kleinegolf van enkele 1000en Kraanvogels Grus grus over hetland met grote groepen (tot enkele 100en) vooral overde provincies Liège en Luxembourg. In april volgdenog een 20-tal waarnemingen van kleine groepjes ofenkelingen. De eerste Steltkluut Himantopus himanto-pus van het jaar verscheen op 21 april in deRhillebroeken bij Reninge, West-Vlaanderen. Op 26april vlogen er twee over de IJzermonding in Nieuw-poort en van 27 tot 30 april verbleven er maximaal driebij Kieldrecht, Oost-Vlaanderen. In de eerste week vanmei werden ook op andere plekken exemplaren aange-troffen, waaronder enkele broedparen. Een GrielBurhinus oedicnemus liep op 31 maart bij een steen-groeve in Amay, Liège. Opmerkelijk was de waarne-ming op 24 april van drie neerstrijkende vorkstaartple-vieren Glareola in het Houbenhof in Geistingen,Limburg. De vogels konden echter niet worden terug-gevonden. Op 26 april trok een MorinelplevierCharadrius morinellus over De Fonteintjes in Zee-brugge. Tussen 28 en 30 april werden negenTemmincks Strandlopers Calidris temminckii waar-genomen. Een Poelsnip Gallinago media werd op 20april enkele malen opgestoten in het niet-toegankelijkedeel van de Bourgoyen in Gent. IJslandse Grutto’sLimosa limosa islandica waren iets beter vertegenwoor-digd dan in normale jaren, met als hoogste concentra-tie 69 bij Kieldrecht op 8 april. Op 4 en 5 april was eenPoelruiter Tringa stagnatilis aanwezig in de Bichter-weerd in Rotem, op 21 en 22 april één op de bezin-kingsputten van Longchamps, Namur, en op 27 apriléén in de Uitkerkse Polders, West-Vlaanderen. Op 28maart werd ‘s avonds een adulte RingsnavelmeeuwLarus delawarensis waargenomen in de Bourgoyen inGent. In maart werden nog 13 Pontische MeeuwenL cachinnans gezien en in april twee. Op 4 maart pleis-terde kortstondig een Grote Burgemeester L hyper-

boreus bij het Grindgat van Kessenich, Limburg. Op 12april was een vogel aanwezig op het strand vanLombardsijde, West-Vlaanderen; op 16 april vloog eréén langs De Panne, West-Vlaanderen; en vanaf 24april pleisterde een exemplaar in de IJzermonding inNieuwpoort. Het ging telkens om eerste-winter vogelsen mogelijk ging het bij de laatste drie gevallen omdezelfde vogel. In Het Zwin in Knokke werd op zowel23 als 24 april een langstrekkende Lachstern Gelo-chelidon nilotica waargenomen. Vroege ReuzensternsSterna caspia trokken over Lier-Anderstad op 2 en 6april. Daarna waren er waarnemingen van trekkendeexemplaren op 22 april, eerst over De Fonteintjes bijZeebrugge en later over Het Zwin in Knokke en op 24april achtereenvolgens langs De Panne, Nieuwpoort,Raversijde, Mariakerke en Oostende (alle West-Vlaanderen). Van 29 maart tot 14 april pleisterde eenadult-winter Witwangstern Chlidonias hybrida in deBourgoyen in Gent. Later werd deze vogel bij Groede,Zeeland, Nederland, opgemerkt. Op 30 april joeg zeerkortstondig een adulte Witvleugelstern C leucopterusboven het Spaarbekken van Kluizen, Oost-Vlaanderen.

UILEN TOT GORZEN Opmerkelijk in deze periode washet totaal van 46 Velduilen Asio flammeus, waarondereen concentratie van zeven in Donstiennes, Hainaut.Vooral tussen 12 en 22 maart was er dagelijks doortrek.Een Alpengierzwaluw Apus melba die op 30 april overDe Spanjaardduinen in Bredene trok, werd daarnaonderschept in Het Zwin en in Breskens, Zeeland,Nederland. Een vroege Bijeneter Merops apiaster trokop 24 april over de Bezinkingsputten in Tienen,Vlaams-Brabant. Op 25 maart werd een Hop Upupaepops gezien in Zeebrugge. Daarna volgden waarne-mingen in Heist, West-Vlaanderen, en in Cielle,Luxembourg, op 2 april; in Vaulx, Hainaut, op 6 april;in Havelange, Liège, op 11 april; op de KalmthoutseHeide op 12 en 17 april; in Tellin, Luxembourg, op 13

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april; bij Aubel, Liège, op 18 april; in Rumbeke, West-Vlaanderen, op 19 april; en op het Noordelijk Eiland inWintam, Antwerpen, op 24 april. Tussen 19 april en heteinde van de maand verschenen er nog DraaihalzenJynx torquilla in Awirs, Liège; Bilzen, Limburg;Drongen, Oost-Vlaanderen; Kalmthout, Nassogne,Luxembourg; Sommethonne, Luxembourg, Steendorp,Oost-Vlaanderen; Verrebroek, Oost-Vlaanderen, Villers-le-Temple, Liège; Wintam en Zeebrugge. MiddelsteBonte Spechten Dendrocopos medius werden vast-gesteld op nieuwe locaties als Geraardsbergen, Oost-Vlaanderen (6 maart); Hechtel, Limburg (15 en 16maart) en Herselt, Antwerpen (27 maart). Een groepvan maximaal 15 Strandleeuweriken Eremophila alpes-tris was tot 17 maart aanwezig in Het Zwin in Knokke.Op 21 en 22 april zat er een in de IJzermonding inNieuwpoort en op 24 april trok er een langs De Panne.Op 7 april foerageerden twee RoodstuitzwaluwenHirundo daurica boven De Gavers in Harelbeke, West-Vlaanderen. Eén van deze bleef tot 11 april. Op 28april werd er één gezien in Freyr, Namur. Er werdenGrote Piepers Anthus richardi waargenomen bijVerrebroek op 12 april; in Moen, West-Vlaanderen, op21 april; in Zeebrugge op 23 april; en in Oostmalle,Antwerpen, op 30 april. In de tweede helft van aprilwerden in totaal acht Duinpiepers A campestris opge-merkt, waarvan drie over De Panne op 30 april. Op 23april werd de eerste Roodkeelpieper A cervinus gezienin Focant, Namur. Vanaf half april kwam er een zwak-ke beweging van Engelse Kwikstaarten Motacilla flavis-sima op gang. Voor Noordse Kwikstaarten M thunbergiwas het wachten tot 26 april voor de eerste. In maartbleven Pestvogels Bombycilla garrulus in grote aantal-len in heel België. De grootste groep in Wallonië telde200 in Erpent, Namur, op 4 maart. In Vlaanderen wer-den records gebroken met 200 in Zonhoven op 15maart en 223 in Schoten op 9 maart. Na 20 maartnamen de aantallen lichtjes af en de noord-noordwes-telijke verplaatsing bleef voelbaar met waarnemingenvan kleine groepjes in Oost- en West-Vlaanderen. Tothet einde van april bleven er groepen aanwezig met degrootste concentratie in Hasselt, Limburg (133 op 19april) en in Sint-Martens-Voeren, Limburg (150 op 24 april). Vanaf 30 maart zong een mannetje hybrideZwarte x Gekraagde Roodstaart Phoenicurus ochrurosx phoenicurus bij Mortsel, Antwerpen, en vanaf 27 april zong er één in Lier. Dit voorjaar werden opval-lend veel Groenlandse Tapuiten Oenanthe oenantheleucorhoa opgemerkt, zelfs tot ver in het binnenland.Na het verschijnen van de eerste Beflijsters Turdus tor-quatus op 18 maart kwam de trek na 27 maart echt opgang en bereikte zijn hoogtepunt tussen 22 en 27 april.Zangposten van Cetti’s Zangers Cettia cetti werdenvastgesteld in Bellegem (West-Vlaanderen); Bredene;De Panne (vier); Geraardsbergen; Harchies-Hensies (c 10); Hautrage, Hainaut; Kalmthout; Lissewege (vijf);Mons, Hainaut; Neerijse, Vlaams-Brabant; Nieuwpoort;Oostduinkerke, West-Vlaanderen; Oostende, Oud-Heverlee (drie); Ploegsteert; Ruien, Oost-Vlaanderen;

Stuivekenskerke, West-Vlaanderen (drie); Willebroek,Antwerpen (twee); Woumen, West-Vlaanderen (twee);en Zeebrugge (zes). Voor Graszangers Cisticola junci-dis kon men terecht in Doornzele, Oost-Vlaanderen;Oostakker, Oost-Vlaanderen (twee); en Zeebrugge-Achterhaven (minimaal vier zangposten). SnorrenLocustella luscinioides deden het lang niet slecht metal dan niet tijdelijke zangposten in Assenede, Oost-Vlaanderen; op Blokkersdijk, Antwerpen (twee); inGenk; Kallo-Melsele, Oost-Vlaanderen; Lier (vijf);Stuivekenskerke (twee); en Tienen. Op 30 april zongeen vroege Grote Karekiet Acrocephalus arundinaceusin De Maten in Genk. De aanwezigheid van een zin-gende Iberische Tjiftjaf Phylloscopus ibericus medioapril in het Helleketelbos in Poperinge, West-Vlaanderen, kreeg vooral lokaal veel appreciatie. Op17 maart verbleef een Taigaboomkruiper Certhia fami-liaris in een tuin in Sint-Job-in’t-Goor, Antwerpen. Erwerden Buidelmezen Remiz pendulinus gezien inGenk (twee op 27 maart); Harelbeke (2 april); Latour(een op 26 maart en 6 april en drie op 28 maart); Lier(25 tot 31 maart); Mechelen (30 april); Moyen,Luxembourg (26 maart); Tienen (24 maart en 12 april);Waremme, Liège (11 april); en Zeebrugge (twee van 26maart tot 3 april). Vlaanderen totaliseerde nog 15Klapeksters Lanius excubitor maar in Wallonië warendat er uiteraard weer heel wat meer. Bonte KraaienCorvus cornix werden nog gezien in Knokke (drie);Oostkamp, West-Vlaanderen; Poederlee, Antwerpen,en Zeebrugge. In Vlaanderen waren er waarnemingenvan overtrekkende Raven C corax in Sterrebeek,Vlaams-Brabant, op 5 maart en in Duffel op 26 maart.In maart waren er nog redelijk wat waarnemingen van‘trompetterende’ Noordse Goudvinken Pyrrhula pyr-rhula pyrrhula, met als enige hoge concentraties 12 inVlimmeren, Antwerpen, op 13 maart en 12 te Xhoris,Liège, op 29 maart. In april werden in Vlaanderen nogslechts vier waarnemingen geregistreerd. Een IJsgorsCalcarius lapponicus werd op 3 maart gezien in deBourgoyen in Gent. De enige zeven SneeuwgorzenPlectrophenax nivalis van de periode verbleven op 15maart in de Voorhaven van Zeebrugge. Een GrijzeGors Emberiza cia liet zich op 21 maart zien in Croix-Scaille bij Willerzie, Namur. Ondanks het nodige zoek-werk werd hij niet teruggevonden. Tot 20 maart bleefde Dwerggors E pusilla ter plaatse bij de Bourgoyen inGent. Verrassend was de ringvangst aldaar van eentweede op 9 maart. Waarnemingen van OrtolanenE hortulana gebeurden in De Fonteintjes in Zeebrugge(22 en 28 april); bij Awirs (25 april); in de Achterhavenvan Zeebrugge (van 26 tot 28 april); in Verrebroek enVirelles (26 april); in Longchamps (29 april); en in HetZwin in Knokke (30 april).

De hulp van al diegenen die (hun) waarnemingen inspraken opde Natuurpunt-Vogellijn was hier onontbeerlijk. De Natuur-punt-Vogellijn is alleen vanuit België bereikbaar op het num-mer 0900-00194 (EUR 0.45/min), de Natuurpunt-Inspreeklijn iste bereiken op 0800-11194 (gratis). De Waalse gegevens wer-den in hoofdzaak geput uit de AVES-website.

Gerald Driessens, Pastoriestraat 16, 2500 Lier, België ([email protected])

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Keizerarend bij Kamperhoek Breskens in Zeeland ende Eemshaven in Groningen zijn in Nederland deberoemde punten om gestuwde voorjaarstrek waar tenemen. Soorten en aantallen om van te likkebaardenkomen er voorbij als de wind een oostelijke compo-nent heeft. Breskens is hiervoor zonder meer de mooi-ste plek maar te ver weg voor een vogelaar zoals ik, dieal in een depressie raakt als hij een uur in de auto moetzitten. In mijn hunkering om dichter bij huis ook mooievoorjaarstrek te kunnen zien, bedacht ik in 1998 nalang turen op de kaart dat de noordelijke punt vanOost-Flevoland, de Kamperhoek, ook heel goed zoukunnen zijn met oostenwind. Toen ik in 1998 met oos-tenwind in mei twee proeftellingen deed, was ik meerdan tevreden. Zwarte Wouw Milvus migrans, VisarendPandion haliaetus, grote aantallen piepers Anthus enkwikstaarten Motacilla, Duinpieper A campestris,Roodkeelpieper A cervinus en Ortolaan Emberiza hor-tulana – het smaakte naar meer. De jaren erna probeer-de ik de Kamperhoek ieder voorjaar met een paarbezoeken te vereren wanneer de wind oostelijk was. Inhet begin stond ik er meestal alleen maar naarmate ermeer leuke soorten en grotere aantallen langsvlogenwerd de Kamperhoek populairder en raakte de telpostbekend onder de naam ‘Klein-Breskens’: ja, wij kennenonze plaats. Maar zoals Gerard Troost opmerkte na dewaarneming van een mannetje Steppekiekendief Circusmacrourus dit voorjaar: ‘kleintjes worden groot’. Vaneen incidenteel bezette telpost veranderde de Kamper-hoek in een volwaardige post, waar in het voorjaar van2005 dankzij de inspanning van een groepje waar-nemers, met name Ico Hoogendoorn, Thijs Knol enMervyn Roos, vrijwel dagelijks geteld werd.

Zondag 3 april 2005 was de vijfde dag op rij meteen zuidoostelijke stroming. Het was leuk, maar nietbijzonder druk op de Kamperhoek. Een paar Smelle-kens Falco columbarius, een Slechtvalk F peregrinus,10-tallen Sperwers Accipiter nisus, enkele Bruine C aeruginosus en Blauwe Kiekendieven C cyanus, eenZwartkopmeeuw Larus melanocephalus en de eerstegroepjes zwaluwen Hirundinidae en een paar 1000Graspiepers A pratensis maakten het wel de moeitewaard te blijven. Hans ter Haar geloofde het wel,besloot bij het thuisfront krediet op te bouwen voor deecht goede tijden en vertrok richting Lelystad,Flevoland. Rond 11:00 schroefden enkele BuizerdsButeo buteo en Bruine Kiekendieven op; even later, omc 11:10, zag ik in zuidelijke richting een grote roof-vogel met vlak tot geknikt gehouden, sterk gevingerde,brede vleugels omhoog draaien. ‘Dat lijkt wel eenAquila-arend’ dacht ik. Er viel geen kwartje – welkesoort was dit!? Het scherpe tegenlicht liet niet veeldetails los. Het devies was nu: rustig blijven. Tijd omcollega René Alma te vragen, terwijl ik naar mijn tele-scoop wees: ‘René, kijk eens hierdoor, wat denk jijhiervan?’. RA sjokte naar de telescoop, keek er niets-vermoedend door en werd ogenblikkelijk wit om zijn

neus. We concludeerden: nee, dit was géén ZeearendHaliaeetus albicilla. De stemming sloeg om in nerveustoen ik de andere aanwezige vogelaars toeriep dat ereen Aquila boven het bos vloog. Enkele ogenblikkenlater zagen ook TK, MR, Lennaert Steen en David Uitde Weerd de vogel. HtH werd gebeld dat hij snel terugmoest komen. Veel discussie ontlokte de vogel nogniet: silhouet klopte niet voor een Steenarend A chrysa-etos, was het misschien een Schreeuwarend A pomari-na of Bastaardarend A clanga? MR opperde Schreeuw-arend – de ondervleugels leken inderdaad contrast tetonen met de slagpennen. We moesten de vogel echtbeter zien om tot een sluitende determinatie te komen.Inmiddels was hij opgeschroefd tot 200-300 m hoogte,toen hij plotseling met een steile stootduik uit zicht ver-dween. Dit was onze kans: wellicht zat de vogel op hetveld! RA, DUdW, LS en ik besloten de vogel te gaanzoeken, nadat we snel met MR en TK mobiele num-mers hadden uitgewisseld; zij bleven samen op de tel-post.

Met mijn digitale camera met 8x zoom in gereed-heid reden RA en ik de Visvijverweg op. Al na 50 mzagen we de arend plotseling vrij laag boven het bos,langzaam glijdend loodrecht op de weg af vliegend.Toen we bijna onder de vogel waren sprongen we deauto uit. Tot mijn schrik zag ik een overwegend lichtgeelbruin kleed, contrasterend met donkere slag- enstaartpennen en opvallende lichte vensters op de grensvan arm- en handpennen: tegen de strakblauwe hemelen met het mooiste licht dat je kunt wensen vloog eenonmiskenbare onvolwassen Keizerarend A heliaca! Ikschreeuwde ‘Het is een Keizerarend!’ naar RA, die hetnieuws telefonisch doorgaf aan een ‘laagvliegende’HtH die wilde weten waar hij precies moest zijn. Snelmaakte ik een paar foto’s, waarna de vogel naar hetoosten vloog over de akkers in de richting van deKetelmeerdijk. Een snelle check maakte duidelijk datde foto’s gelukt waren. Geen kalenderfoto’s, maar devogel was herkenbaar. Wat een uitvinding, de digitalecamera!

We besloten de vogel weer op te vangen op deKetelmeerdijk. We passeerden DUdW en LS die openige afstand achter ons stonden en de vogel ook alsKeizerarend hadden herkend. Ook MR had deGraspiepers gelaten voor wat ze waren en was present.Rijdend over de Ketelmeerdijk pikten we de arendweer op, die langzaam flappend doorvloog naar hetoosten. Toen we het licht weer in de rug hadden kon-den we hem samen met de inmiddels gearriveerde HtHfraai door telescopen bekijken toen hij schroevend hetKetelmeer overstak. MR kon met de telelens nog eenreeks dia’s maken voordat de vogel om c 11:25 defini-tief uit beeld verdween. Op dat moment kwam eenvogelwerkgroep uit Uden, Noord-Brabant, langs.Vogelaars uit dit gezelschap, waaronder Toy Janssen,hadden een grote roofvogel in tegengestelde richtingvoorbij zien vliegen toen zij over de Ketelmeerdijk

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290-291 Keizerarend / Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca, onvolwassen, Kamperhoek, Flevoland, 3 april 2005 (Ruud F J van Beusekom)

naar het westen reden. De chauffeur vond het echterniet nodig om te stoppen voor ‘een Bruine Kieken-dief’… Het zal niet verbazen dat er een feestje ont-stond op de Ketelmeerdijk, waarbij we van pure blijd-schap als kleine kinderen van de dijk rolden – dat waslang geleden. Na de eerste opwinding besloten wetwitchend Nederland een handje te helpen en te gaanzoeken in de Noordoostpolder, Flevoland. Helaas werdde vogel niet meer waargenomen.

Dit betreft de eerste waarneming van Keizerarendvoor Nederland. De beroemde ‘arend van Ommen’ uit1964 die het nog jaren heeft uitgehouden als het enigeaanvaarde geval betrof immers een jonge Zeearend. Dedichtstbijzijnde broedplaatsen liggen in Zuidoost-Europa, in Slowakije en Hongarije. De soort is eenregelmatige dwaalgast in Scandinavië met alleen al inDenemarken 26 gevallen. Een vogel die op 24-26 aprilin Skagen, Nordjylland, Denemarken, werd gezienbetrof mogelijk dezelfde vogel. RUUD F J VAN BEUSEKOM

IMPERIAL EAGLE On 3 April 2005, an immature ImperialEagle Aquila heliaca was observed and photographedby a total of seven observers at the migration post ofKamperhoek, Flevoland, the Netherlands. It was foundin flight at c 11:10 and seen for c 15 min, graduallymoving north-east. This concerns the species’ firstrecord for the Netherlands.

Killdeerplevier bij Rottige Meente Op 3 april 2005was ik (Ruurd-Jelle van der Leij), zoals de laatste tijdwel vaker, in de vogelkijkhut van de Rottige Meente bijOssenzijl, op de grens van Friesland en Overijssel. Ikhad ’s ochtends gevoetbald en was om c 13:00 in dehut. Het was een fantastische dag, heerlijk zonnig eneen graad of 18, ideaal weer om te vogelen. Totc 16:00 was er echter afgezien van een Grote Zilver-reiger Casmerodius albus weinig te zien. Rond dat tijd-stip hoorde ik wat mensen aankomen; het blekenHenny Brandsma en haar man te zijn. Ik vogel wel

vaker met HB en als je een dag lang in de hut zit weetje zeker dat je haar treft. We zaten wat te praten – erzoefde ondertussen nog een Slechtvalk Falco peregri-nus achter de hut langs – totdat ik om c 17:15 ietsvreemds in mijn vizier kreeg. Een plevier Charadriusmet dubbele borstband, op c 150 m. Kleine PlevierC dubius en Bontbekplevier C hiaticula verblijven welvaker in het gebied maar daar leek onze vriend niet op.Hij was duidelijk groter en langgerekter, had een dub-bele zwarte borstband en af en toe was de oranjeachti-ge stuit te zien. Ik vroeg HB om foto’s te maken dielater als bewijs zouden kunnen dienen wanneer devogel weg zou vliegen. Terwijl HB steeds dichterbijsloop kwam ik tot de conclusie dat het eenKilldeerplevier C vociferus moest zijn. Ik belde onmid-dellijk Tom Jager om nog het een en ander over dezesoort te weten te komen en vroeg hem om deze in deAvifauna van Nederland op te zoeken; daar stond hijniet in! Toen wist ik dat het een nieuwe soort voorNederland betrof. Ik kon hem tot c 20:00 rustig obser-veren. Hij liep te foerageren op het slik totdat HB tedichtbij kwam en hij over het water van de Linde ver-dween. We hebben nog even gezocht maar kondenhem door de invallende duisternis niet meer ontdek-ken. We reden naar huis en eenmaal daar aangekomenheb ik een mailtje naar Klaas Haas en RommertCazemier gestuurd. KH belde onmiddellijk terug.Opgewonden werd gevraagd om de foto’s zo snelmogelijk op de website van de DBA te zetten. De foto’swaren kwalitatief niet super maar toen ze eenmaal ver-zonden waren belde KH gelijk weer. Hij vroeg mij omde exacte locatie zodat hij de waarneming per sema-foon door kon geven. Die zondagavond werden doorheel wat vogelaars plannen gesmeed hoe ze maandag-ochtend zo vroeg mogelijk op de plek kondenkomen…

De volgende ochtend reden HB en ik rond 07:00weer richting Rottige Meente om nog even een blik tewerpen. We dachten aanvankelijk de eersten te zijn

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maar dit veranderde snel toen we de hut naderden –hier stonden al ruim 100 man vanaf c 06:30 te blauw-bekken. Toen we hen vertelden dat de vogel de avondervoor over de dijk en de Linde was gevlogen ging menzich verspreiden om te zoeken; Enno Ebels was de eer-ste die de Killdeerplevier tot ieders opluchting omc 07:30 in een weiland zag lopen. Binnen korte tijdhadden alle aanwezigen hem in beeld, al was het opflinke afstand en met nogal wat tegenlicht. Naarmatede ochtend verstreek werden de omstandigheden beteren om c 09:15 vloog hij tot genoegen van de vele aan-wezigen over de dijk naar de Rottige Meente en lietzich daar met prachtig zonlicht en op kortere afstandbekijken. Na c 15 minuten vloog hij weer terug naar deweilanden. Dit pendelen herhaalde zich de rest van dedag nog enkele malen, waarbij de vogel regelmatig deprovinciegrens tussen Friesland en Overijssel – die hierde oude kronkelige loop van de Linde volgt – overstak.

Tijdens het vliegen werd regelmatig de karakteristiekeoplopende tjuu-lie (‘kill-deer’) roep gehoord. Om20:24 werd hij voor het laatst gezien toen hij uit beeldverdween in een kuiltje in het weiland. Op dinsdag 5april was hij wederom de gehele dag aanwezig maarditmaal bijna uitsluitend in de weilanden langs deLinde. ’s Avonds figureerde hij als uitsmijter bij het ach-tuurjournaal van de NOS. Na 5 april is hij niet meergezien.

Killdeerplevier is een algemene broedvogel inNoord- en Midden-Amerika en het noordelijke deelvan Zuid-Amerika en is een regelmatige transatlanti-sche dwaalgast in Europa, met veruit de meeste waar-nemingen (c 60) in Brittannië en Ierland. Het aantalgevallen op het Europese vasteland is c 10 waarbijopmerkelijk is dat de soort ver naar het oosten is vast-gesteld, zoals in Hongarije, Roemenië en Zwitserland.In tegenstelling tot de meeste Nearctische steltlopers inEuropa worden Killdeerplevieren vooral in de lateherfst en winter waargenomen. De winter van 2004/05leverde waarnemingen op in Noord-Ierland, Schotlanden Spanje en eind maart in Norfolk, Engeland; op 16april werd een exemplaar gemeld in Galway, Ierland.

Wanneer zowel de Killdeerplevier als de eerder op 3 april waargenomen Keizerarend Aquila heliaca bijKamperhoek, Flevoland, door de Commissie Dwaal-gasten Nederlandse Avifauna (CDNA) worden aan-vaard betekent dit dat voor het eerst in de geschiedenistwee nieuwe soorten voor Nederland op één dag zijnvastgesteld. RUURD-JELLE VAN DER LEIJ & ENNO B EBELS

KILLDEER On 3-5 April 2005, a Killdeer Charadriusvociferus stayed near Rottige Meente, Friesland/Over-ijssel, the Netherlands. It was seen by a few 100 birders. This is the first record for the Netherlands. Onthe same day, an Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca wasobserved at Kamperhoek, Flevoland, the Netherlands.Two first records for the Netherlands on one day iswithout precedent.

234

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292 Killdeerplevier / Killdeer Charadrius vociferus,Rottige Meente, Overijssel, 4 april 2005

(Bas van den Boogaard)

In het bijschrift bij plaat 579 (Dutch Birding 26: 406,2004) werd helaas niet de juiste fotograaf vermeld. Defoto werd gemaakt door Stuart Piner.

In het bijschrift bij plaat 163 (Dutch Birding 27: 136,2005) werd helaas niet de juiste fotograaf vermeld. Defoto werd gemaakt door Stuart Piner.

In het bijschrift bij plaat 180 (Dutch Birding 27: 146,2005) werd per vergissing het verkeerde jaar vermeld.De foto van de Kleine Sneeuwgans Anser caerulescenscaerulescens werd gemaakt op 18 februari 2005.REDACTIE

In the caption of plate 579 (Dutch Birding 26: 406,2004) unfortunately the wrong photographer was men-tioned. The photograph was taken by Stuart Piner.

In the caption of plate 163 (Dutch Birding 27: 136,2005) unfortunately the wrong photographer was men-tioned. The photograph was taken by Stuart Piner.

In the caption of plate 180 (Dutch Birding 27: 146,2005) the wrong year was mentioned by mistake. Thephotograph of the Lesser Snow Goose Anser caerules-cens caerulescens was taken on 18 February 2005. EDITORS

Corrigenda

[Dutch Birding 27: 234, 2005]