East and Southern Africa Many problems face this region and get in the way of development.
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Transcript of East and Southern Africa Many problems face this region and get in the way of development.
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East and Southern Africa
Many problems face this region and get in the way of development.
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Vocabulary
• Poaching - illegal hunting
• Ecotourism- tourism that focuses on the environment and seeks to minimize environmental impact
• Indigenous- native to a region
• Non Governmental organizations - a group that operates on private funding
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Label the features on the map1. Rift Valley2. Lake Victoria 3. Nile River4. Mt. Kilimanjaro5. Kalahari Desert 6. Namib Desert 7. Madagascar
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Physical Features
The Great Rift Valley• Formed from two tectonic plates
moving away from each other
• The land in between the plates sank to form a flat valley with steep sides
• Many lakes and rivers are only found along the Valley
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Physical Features
Mt. Kilimanjaro• Highest point in Africa,
and even though it near the equator the Mountain is snow capped
• It is a free standing Volcanic Mountain
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Physical Features
Victoria Falls• The Zambezi River is
more than 1.25 wide when it cascades over the lip of a large basalt plateau and plunges as much as 354 feet
• The mist can be seen over 12 miles away
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Physical Features The Serengeti Plain • Home to elephants, lions,
wildebeest, zebras, giraffes, and gazelles
• Poaching or illegal hunting is a problem in Africa
• National Parks have been established to protect the animals. Countries also promote ecotourism, or tourism which promotes saving the environment
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Physical Features
Madagascar • Fourth largest island in
world
• 80% of the animals on Madagascar cannot be found anywhere else in the world
• 90% the natural environment is gone
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Physical Features Kalahari Desert • Temperature can range
from 104F to 32F• Another animal found in
this region is the eland antelope.
Namib Desert • Located along the
Atlantic Ocean• The oldest desert in the
word• Location of the world’s
largest sand dunes
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Rivers
• The Nile and the Zambezi are the largest rivers in the Regions
• They are difficult to use for transportation– cataracts – are waterfalls and rapids – Sudd Swamps- floating mats of vegetation and
papyrus reeds
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Resources
Natural Resources found in Africa
DiamondsGoldPlatinumCopperTin Iron Uranium
Some Countries are Rich in Resources, but others have none
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Resources • South Africa and Botswana
both have strong economies because of their mines
• People from other African Nations come to South Africa and Botswana to work in the mines
• The mines are very dangerous and many miners have lost their lives in accidents and collapses
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Farming in Africa
• Many areas in East Africa are too dry to farm – Sudan, Ethiopia,
Somalia, and Namibia cannot find enough water to farm
– Sudan and Ethiopia receive more aid than any other counties in the world
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Farming and Rivers
• Some farmer are able to irrigate their land and grow cotton, tea and tobacco.
• Rivers are also used for hydroelectric power
• Many countries compete for the use of the water in Africa
• The need for water causes tension among African nations
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Farming and Rivers
• South Africa has fertile farm land and large commercial farms – Sugar cane– Cotton– Avocados– Tropical fruits – Coffee
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People • Africa has an indigenous
population
• There are hundreds of different ethnic groups – Zulu, Xhosa, Kikuyu, Hutu, Tutsi
• Many people are leaving traditional village life for city life
• Many ethnic groups have been located in the same political countries, which cause problems.
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People
• People in South and East Africa speak many language, but most belong to the Bantu language group.
• Most speak English as a second language due to colonization
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People
• In the south most speak Afrikaans. It comes from the Dutch spoken by early colonist
• On the east coast most speak Swahili, which has influence from the Arabic language due to the importance of trade
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People
• 60% of the population are Christians
• 24% of the population are Muslims
• 14% practice traditional religions
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Conflict Sudan • People in the Northern part
of this country are Muslims, and people in South are not
• After the country became independent, the Northern dominated the country
• The south rebelled, and several million people died during the conflict
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Conflict Darfur (eastern Sudan)• Black farmers are fighting Arab
herders over the water supply
• The herders with government backing have been attacking farmers in what some call a genocide
• Hundred of thousands farmers have died
• 2.5 million have left their homes and now live in refugee camps
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Conflict Rwanda • The country contains two ethic
groups– Tutsi – which was an elite class which
ruled over the larger group Hutus
• After the country gained independence from Belgium the Hutus attacked the Tutsi
• During the genocide 1 million Tutsi were killed
• The united Nations sent in troops but the killings did not stop.
• Tutsi came back into power and many Hutus left the country
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Democracy??
• South Africa has the most democratic government in the region – Apartheid has ended
(keeping white and black population apart)
– Blacks on average are still must poorer
– Inequalities still remain in healthcare, unemployment, education and land ownership
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Corruption
• Sudan and Zimbabwe are both ruled by Dictatorship
• People cannot choose their leaders
• Corruption and oppression are common
• Failed policies have led to economic collapse
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Corruption
• Somalia does not have a government, but ruled by competing militias and warlords
• Theft, violence, and drug use are common
• Pirates attack and seize cargo ships in the Indian Ocean and will hold the crews for ransom
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More Problems
• With corruption many countries do not want to do business with African nations
• Corrupt leaders also steal and misuse foreign aide
• Drug use is high- many chew Khat which cause depression
• Lack of education is hurting the health and economy of many nations
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Disease
• Mosquitoes carry malaria- a parasite that attacks the red blood cells.
• Tsetse Flies cause sleeping Sickness in both animals and humans – it cause the brain to swell
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Disease
• Cholera is caused by contaminated water. It can cause kidney failure, coma, dehydration, and shock.
• AIDS – attacks the Immune system and kills1.5 million people a year
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Hopes for the Future • Ugandan is hoping to educate people about ADIS by sending out text
messages
• Countries like Kenya and South Africa are trying to export more goods
• Non Governmental organizations (groups that work with private funding) are trying to help with environmental problems, poverty, disease, and conflicts
• Working to improve education for women
• The African Union has been sending peacekeeping troops to Sudan and Somalia