Conflict Gold To Criminal Gold: The New Face of Artisanal Gold Mining in the Congo- Southern Africa...

7/30/2019 Conflict Gold To Criminal Gold: The New Face of Artisanal Gold Mining in the Congo- Southern Africa Resource Watch

1/52

D`mlnDw I`lg

Weh mhy jkdh `j krWntkmkl

i`lg cnmnmi nm d`mi`

w` Drncnmkl I`lg6


2/52

D``rgnmkwn`m j rhthkrde kmg d`cqnlkwn`m j weh rhq`rw6

Hmrnd` Dkrntde

Weh j`ll`ynmi rhthkrdehrt xmghrw``b weh jnhlg rhthkrde kmg

d`cqlhwhg weh oxlb j weh rhq`rw yrnwnmi6 Lxdnhm Okencok,

Fhkm#Ckrnh Okr`mi`, Qr`j Bhmmhg~ Bnekmin Onmgx,

Kxixtwnm O~kcxmix, _ndekrg Hwklh, Jrkmdb Bkoyh, Ikornhl

Bkcxmgklk, Mhll~ Lxoklk, Fkd{xht Ckbxmgfx, E`rwhmdh

Cniko`, Klhunt Cxenck, _k`xl Bnwxmikm` Cxl`mgkmn

Gr Dlkxgh Bkohcok, TK_Y Gnrhdw`r, txqhrznthg weh `zhrkll

qr`fhdw kmg d`mwrnoxwhg w` weh hgnwnmi qr`dhtt- Ih`rih

O`b`mgx, G_D TK_Y Ckmkihr qr`znghg nmwhllhdwxkl

`rnhmwkwn`m kmg zklxkolh kgzndh wer`xie`xw weh

qr`dhtt- Qktdkl Bkcoklh, @TNTKt G_D D`xmwr~

Gnrhdw`r, d`cchmwhg nmtniewj xll~ `m weh whuw-

Qe`w`irkqe~6Fkcht @kwyk~/Txmgk~ Wncht


3/52

Wkolh `j D`mWhmWt

Lntw ` kdr`m~ct

Huhdxwnzh txcckr~

Bh~ rhd`cchmgkwn`mt

Nmwr`gxdwn`m

Lhikl kmg nmtwnwxwn`mkl rkchy`rb `r krwntkmkl cnmnmi

Entw`rndkl okdbir`xmg

Weh rnth ` i`lg#cnmnmi rhlkwhg koxtht

Mkwn`mkl kmg nmwhrmkwn`mkl rhkdwn`mt w` i`lg#cnmnmi rhlkwhg koxtht

Yekw nt nllhikl0

XM tkmdwn`mt kiknmtw nllhikl huql`nwkwn`m ` mkwxrkl rht`xrdht

Gxh gnlnihmdh q`lnwndt ` Qrhtnghmw Bkonlk

K Y`rlg Kqkrw6 huql`nwkwn`m kmg wrkgh d`mgnwn`mt nm cnmnmi tnwht

M`rwe Bnzx Qr`znmdh

-------Ckmixrhgfnqk

-------Yklnbklh

T`xwe Bnzx Qr`znmdh

-------Cyhmik/ Yklxmix

-------Bklheh

-------Jnvn

Ckmnhck Qr`znmdh

@rnhmwklh Qr`znmdh

-------C`mioyklx

-------Nik#Okrrnrh

-------Ckokmik

-------O`mg`/ Okmklnk

D`mdlxtn`m D`mndw i`lg w` Drncnmkl i`lg_hd`cchmgkwn`m ;6 Tw`q weh drncnmkl huql`nwkwn`m ` weh i`lg#cnmnmi thdw`r

_hd`cchmgkwn`m ?6 Qr`zngh kgh{xkwh qe~tndkl qr`whdwn`m `r cnmhrt

_hd`cchmgkwn`m 46 Qr`whdw krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrt r`c rkdbhwhhrt

_hd`cchmgkwn`m 76 _h`rikmnth `r dl`th TKHTTDKC

Hmgm`wht

lntW `j Wkolht

Wkolh ;6 _hwknl qrndht nm I`ck d`cqkrhg w` i`lg cnmnmi w`ymt ` M`rwe Bnzx

Wkolh ?6 Lhikl kmg nllhikl wkuht, hht, kmg huw`rwn`mt nm Yklxmix kmg Cyhmik

Wkolh 46 D`cqkrnt`mt ` rhwknl qrndht nm Oxbkzx kmg i`lg cnmnmi dhmwrht ` T`xwe Bnzx

Wkolh 76 Nmd`mtntwhmw twkwntwndkl gkwk ko`xw kmmxkl qr`znmdnkl i`lg qr`gxdwn`m kmg huq`rwt

Wkolh 86 _hwknl qrndht nm Bnmgx kmg Qxmnk d`cqkrhg w` cnmnmi tnwht ` Ckmnhck

Wkolh :6 _hwknl qrndht nm Oxmnk kmg cnmnmi tnwht ` Nwxrn GntwrndwWkolh 96 J`rct ` huql`nwkwn`m ` krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrt

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;D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg


4/52

lntW j kDr`m~ct

KIB Ktekmwn I`lghlgt Bnl`

KM_ Kihmdh Mkwn`mkl ght _hmthnimhchmwt

DKCN Dkgktwrh Cnmnr

DHHD Dhmwrh gHzklxkwn`m, gHuqhrwnth hw gh Dhrwndkwn`m ght Txotwkmdht

Cnmrklht Qrdnhxtht hw Thcn#Qrdnhxtht

DHCK@ D``qrkwnzh ght Huql`nwkmwt Cnmnhrt hw Krwntkmkxu gh l@r

DMGQ D`mirt Mkwn`mkl q`xr lk Ghmth gx Qhxqlh

GJNG Ghqkrwchmw `r Nmwhrmkwn`mkl Ghzhl`qchmw %XB.

GIN Gnrhdwn`m Imrklh ght Ncqwt

GI_KG Gnrhdwn`m Imrklh ght _hdhwwht Kgcnmntwrkwnzht,

Fxgndnknrht, G`ckmnklht hw gh Qkrwndnqkwn`m

G_D Ghc`drkwnd _hqxolnd D`mi`

HX Hxr`qhkm Xmn`m

JKQD J`rdht Krcht gx Qhxqlh D`mi`lknt

JK_GD J`rdht Krcht gh lk _qxoln{xh Gc`drkwn{xh gx D`mi`

JD Jrkmd D`mi`lknt

JGL_ J`rdht Gc`drkwn{xht gh Lnorkwn`m gx _ykmgk

JHD Jgrkwn`m ght Hmwrhqrntht gx D`mi`

JMN Jr`mw ght Mkwn`mklntwht hw Nmwirkwn`mmntwht

JQFD Jr`mw Q`qxlknrh q`xr lk Fxtwndh kx D`mi`

J_J J`rdht _qxolndknmht Jgrklntwht

NDD Nmwhrmkwn`mkl Drncnmkl D`xrw

NDIL_ Nmwhrmkwn`mkl D`mhrhmdh ` weh Irhkw Lkbht _hin`m

CLD C`xzhchmw q`xr lk Lnohrkwn`m gx D`mi`

C@MXD/ C@MXTD@ Cnttn`m gh l@rikmntkwn`m ght Mkwn`mt Xmnht hm _G D`mi`

MI@ M`m#I`zhrmchmwkl @rikmntkwn`m

@HDG @rikmntkwn`m `r Hd`m`cnd D``qhrkwn`m kmg Ghzhl`qchmw @BNC@ @dh ght Cnmht g @r gh Bnl`#C`w` %thh klt` T@BNC@.

QK_HD@ Qkwrn`wht _tntwkmwt D`mi`lknt

Q_@CNMHT Qr`fhdw xmghg o~ weh Y`rlg Okmb kmg GJNG

_KNG _niewt kmg Kdd`xmwkonlnw~ nm Ghzhl`qchmw

_DG#I`ck _ktthcolhchmw D`mi`lknt q`xr lk Ghc`drkwnh#I`ck

_DG#B _DG#Bntkmikmn

_DG#B#CL _DG#Bntkmikmn/C`xzhchmw gh Lnorkwn`m

TKHTTDKC Thrzndh gKttntwkmdh hw gHmdkgrhchmw gKrwntkmkl

hw Tckll Tdklh Cnmnmi TK_Y T`xwehrm Krndk _ht`xrdh Ykwde

THD Thdxrnwnht Hudekmih D`ccnttn`m %XT.

T@BNC@ T`dnw gh l@dh ght Cnmht g@r gh Bnl`#C`w` %thh klt` @BNC@.

T@CND@ T`dnw Cnmnrh gx D`mi`

T@CNMBN T`dnw Cnmnrh gx Bnzx m`y TKBNCK-

TW@L Te`rw Wkbh#`j kmg Lkmgnmi

T^QK T~mhrinh Q`xr lk Qknu

XGQT Xmn`m q`xr lk Gc`drkwnh hw lh Qr`irt T`dnkl

XM Xmnwhg Mkwn`mtXQD Xmn`m D`mi`lhth Qkwrn`wt

? D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg


5/52

huhDxWnzh txcckr~

Weh T`xwehrm Krndk _ht`xrdh Ykwde %TK_Y. nmnwnkwhg k rhin`mkl c`mnw`rnmi

hj`rw w` ktthtt weh qe~tndkl, t`dnkl kmg hd`m`cnd thdxrnw~ rntbt kt yhll kt weh

t`dn`#hd`m`cnd, exckmnwkrnkm kmg d`cchrdnkl d`mgnwn`mt kdhg o~ krwntkmkli`lg#cnmnmi d`ccxmnwnht nm weh qr`znmdht ` M`rwe kmg T`xwe Bnzx, Ckmnhck

kmg @rnhmwklh nm weh Ghc`drkwnd _hqxolnd ` D`mi` %G_D.- Weh rhthkrde t`xiew

w` kmtyhr wy` xmgkchmwkl {xhtwn`mt wekw ekzh ohhm ktbhg `r ckm~ ~hkrt6

Krhnllhikll~krchgir`xqtkmgcnlnwnkttwnllwehc`tw

tnimndkmw werhkw w` krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrt, ye`

qr`gxdh mhkrl~ kll ` hktwhrm G_Dt i`lg ;2kmg

E`yg`i`zhrmchmwthrzndhtrhtq`mgw`wehc`twhtthmwnkl mhhgt ` krwntkmkl cnmhrt0

4D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg


6/52

Bh~ rhD`cchmgkWn`mt

;-tW`q Weh Drncnmkl huql`nWkWn`m

`j Weh i`lg#cnmnmi thDW`r

Weh i`zhrmchmw cxtw kdw w` eklw weh nmdrhktnmil~ drncnmklhuql`nwkwn`m `j krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrt o~ k qlkixh `j

i`zhrmchmw oxrhkxdrkwt, `jjndnklt kmg thdxrnw~ kihmwt kmg hmgweh nllhikl huq`rw `j klc`tw ;11( `j weh i`lg qr`gxdhg nm weh hktw-

?-qr`zngh kgh{xkWh qe~tnDkl

qr`WhDWn`m j`r cnmhrt

Nj weh i`zhrmchmw qr`znghg kgh{xkwh qe~tndkl qr`whdwn`m w`krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrt o~ rhkll`dkwnmi jxmgt w`

txqq`rw lhinwnckwh krc~ rhinchmwt i`lg qr`gxdwn`m y`xlgnmdrhkth kmg t` y`xlg weh thdw`rt ncqkdw `m nmgnzngxkllnzhlne``gt kmg weh rhin`mt hd`m`c~-

4-qr`WhDW krWntkmkl kmg tckll#tDklh

i`lg cnmhrt jr`c rkDBhWhhrt

Weh i`zhrmchmw mhhgt w` wkdblh weh rkdbhwhhrt, ye` krhox~nmi weh cnmhrt i`lg kw xmjknrl~ l`y qrndht kmg thllnmi wehcj``g, w``lt kmg `wehr chrdekmgnth kw exihl~ nmjlkwhg qrndht kmg lhkznmi wehc d`mtwkmwl~ gniinmi j`r txrznzkl-

7-rh`rikmnth `r Dl`th tkhttDkc

Weh Thrzndh j`r weh Kttntwkmdh kmg Txqhrzntn`m j Krwntkmklkmg Tckll#Tdklh Cnmnmi %TKHTTDKC. ykt htwkolntehg

w` txqq`rw cnmhrt oxw nwt xmghrqkng `r `jwhm xmqkng kihmwt tncql~ huw`rw wkuht, lhznht kmg `wehr jhht ynwe`xwqr`zngnmi km~ thrzndht nm rhwxrm- Weh i`zhrmchmw cxtw w`wkll~

rhtwrxdwxrh weh nmtwnwxwn`m r dl`th nw g`ym-

Ynwe went qr`fhdw, TK_Y nt d`mwrnoxwnmi w` weh D`mi`lhth

qh`qlht thkrde j`r qhkdh, thdxrnw~ kmg, nm qkrwndxlkr,hd`m`cnd twkonlnw~- Weh qr`fhdw klt` ghc`mtwrkwht e`y dnznl

t`dnhw~ dkm kttxch k lhkghrtenq r`lh nm weh rhghzhl`qchmw

`j weh G_D o~ qr`zngnmi `rninmkl jnhlg#rhthkrde kmgd`cqrhehmtnzh kmkl~tnt-

Weh TK_Y qr`fhdw nt `m#i`nmi- _hthkrde whkct d`mwnmxh

w` c`mnw`r kmg ktthtt weh ihmhrkl hd`m`cnd kmg wrkghd`mgnwn`mt, kt yhll kt weh thdxrnw~, lko`xr, ihmghr, ehklwe kmghmznr`mchmwkl nttxht kjjhdwnmi krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh

cnmnmi d`ccxmnwnht- Weh rhtxlwt `j weh `m#i`nmi rhthkrde ynlloh qxolntehg nm thqkrkwh rhq`rwt gxrnmi weh d`cnmi c`mwet-

gxrnmI weh rhthkrDe weh `ll`ynmI

bh~ nmtnIewt ekzh hchrIhg6

;-I`lg cnmhrt nm weh hktwhrm G_D ekzh m`w ohmhjnwhg jr`cm`wkolh ncqr`zhchmwt nm weh or`kghr hd`m`cnd kmg thdxrnw~d`mwhuw, yende nmdlxgh weh6

Htwkolntechmw`jqhkdhnmc`twi`lg#cnmnmikrhkt2

_hd`rg#orhkbnmii`lgqrndht`my`rlgckrbhwt2kmg,

_htwrxdwxrnmi`ji`zhrmchmwkihmdnht,qkrwl~txqq`rwhg

o~ weh nmwhrmkwn`mkl d`ccxmnw~, w` nmdrhkth txqhrzntn`m

kmg hmj`rdhchmw nm kll cnmnmi krhkt-

Yenlh c`tw `j weh krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrt ye`

yhrh nmwhrznhyhg m` l`mihr jhkr e`cndngkl cnlnwnkt,weh~ krh m`y d`mjr`mwhg ynwe gknl~ e`rght `j d`rrxqwi`zhrmchmw `jjndnklt, jxmdwn`mkrnht, kmg lky#hmj`rdhchmw

`r thdxrnw~ qhrt`mmhl, ye` kll yrhtw nllhikl wkuht kmgjhht jr`c weh cnmhrt nm kggnwn`m w` twrkniew ornoht kmg

huw`rwn`mt ynwe`xw ghlnzhrnmi km~ chkmnmijxl thrzndhtnm rhwxrm- Weh tnwxkwn`m nt hukdhrokwhg o~ ynghtqrhkg

nim`rkmdh `j weh lkyt nm j`rdh-

?-Krwntkmkl i`lg cnmnmi d`mwnmxht nwt ;11#~hkr#l`mi entw`r~

kt `mh `j weh c`tw ncq`rwkmw t`xrdht `j nmd`ch kmg wehc`tw q`yhrjxl c`mhwntnmi nmtwrxchmw j`r weh q`qxlkwn`mt`j weh qr`znmdht `j M`rwe kmg T`xwe Bnzx, Ckmnhck kmg

@rnhmwklh- Yenlh i`lg nt xmghmnkol~ weh hd`m`cnd lnjhol``g`j weh hktwhrm G_D, weh i`zhrmchmw `j weh D`mi` lkdbt km~

drhgnolh kmg rhlnkolh nmtwnwxwn`mkl qrhthmdh, km~ twkwntwndklgkwk, `r km~ ihmxnmh qlkm w` d`llhdw gkwk- Nmhznwkol~, kllq`lnd~ ncqlhchmwkwn`m hjj`rwt j`r weh nmj`rckl i`lg thdw`r

krh nmhjjhdwnzh-

4-Weh krwntkmkl i`lg#cnmnmi d`ccxmnwnht `j weh Bnzxt,Ckmnhck kmg @rnhmwklh krh nm weh irnq `j k entw`rnd i`lgrxte, d`cqlhwh ynwe kll weh dlkttnd t~cqw`ct dek`wnd

cnirkwn`mt, q``r tkmnwkr~ kmg ehklwe d`mgnwn`mt, gkmihr`xtcnmh hudkzkwn`m whdemn{xht rhtxlwnmi nm jrh{xhmw jkwklnwnht,

nmdrhktnmi drncnmkl huql`nwkwn`m `j weh hmwnrh qr`dhtt,kmg nmdkldxlkolh hmznr`mchmwkl d`twt- Kmg yenlh wehhuql`nwkwn`m `j krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrt d`mwnmxht,

weh nghmwnw~ `j we`th rhtq`mtnolh ekt m`y dekmihg- Weh~krh m` l`mihr ykrl`rgt kmg cnlnw nk lhkghrt oxw i`zhrmchmw

kgcnmntwrkw`rt, chcohrt `j weh i`zhrmchmwt cnlnwkr~ kmgthdxrnw~ `rikmntkwn`mt, kmg ckm~ rhin`mkl wrkghrt-

D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg7


7/52

Hmrnd` Dkrntde? d``rgnmkwhg weh zhrkllrhthkrde kmg nt weh cknm kxwe`r `j went

rhq`rw- Weh jnhlg rhthkrde kmg nmwhrznhytyhrh d`mgxdwhg o~ weh j`ll`ynmiD`mi`lhth huqhrwt6 Lxdnhm Okencok,

Fhkm#Ckrnh Okr`mi`, Qr`j Bhmmhg~Bnekmin Onmgx, Kxixtwnm O~kcxmix,

_ndekrg Hwklh, Jrkmdb Bkoyh, IkornhlBkcxmgklk, Mhll~ Lxoklk, Fkd{xhtCkbxmgfx, E`rwhmdh Cniko`, Klhunt

Cxenck, _k`xl Bnwxmikm` Cxl`mgkmn-

@zhr k qhrn`g `j tnu c`mwet, weh ;? jnhlgrhthkrdehrt yhrh ghql`~hg nm g`vhmt`j krwntkmkl i`lg#cnmnmi tnwht nm weh

j`xr hktwhrm qr`znmdht thlhdwhg j`r went

rhthkrde- Nm qrhqkrkwn`m j`r weh jnhlgghql`~chmw, kll qkrwndnqkmwt ikwehrhgj`r k y`rbte`q nm I`ck w` gntdxtt kmgkirhh m weh rhthkrde ofhdwnzht kmg

chwe`g`lìnht- Weh okdbo`mh `j wehqr`fhdw ykt wehm jrkchg nm whrct `j mnmhtxotwkmwnzh rhthkrde krhkt, hkde jxrwehr

rhjnmhg nmw` txo#dkwhi`rnht wekw j`rchgweh oktnt `j k {xhtwn`mmknrh w` ixngh weh

nmwhrznhyt kmg jnhlg rhthkrde- Weh mnmhrhthkrde krhkt yhrh6

;- Ihmhrkl ncqhgnchmwt j`r krwntkmkl kmg

tckll#tdklh i`lg cnmnmi kmg wrkgh?- Cnlnwkrntkwn`m j krwntkmkl kmg tckll#

tdklh i`lg#cnmnmi tnwht4- Zklxkwn`m `j krwntkmkl i`lg7- _`lh `j i`zhrmchmw kihmdnht kmg

qxolnd thrzndht

8- Dekllhmiht j`r tckll i`lg wrkghrt:- Ehklwe, e~inhmh kmg tkjhw~ nm weh

cnmnmi kmg ckrbhwnmi j krwntkmkl i`lg9- Hmznr`mchmwkl nttxht rhlkwhg w`

krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh i`lg cnmnmi5- Ihmghr#okthg zn`lhmdh nm weh krwntkmkl

kmg tckll#tdklh i`lg#cnmnmi thdw`r>- Denlgrhm nm weh krwntkmkl kmg tckll#

tdklh i`lg#cnmnmi thdw`r-

Wer`xie`xw weh qr`fhdw, rhthkrdehrtnmwhrkdwhg ynwe krwntkmkl kmg tckll#

tdklh cnmhrt, tw`mh#drxtehrt kmg i`lg#yktehrt, nmdlxgnmi o`we nmghqhmghmw

cnmhrt kmg chcohrt `j cnmnmid``qhrkwnzht- Weh~ klt` d`mtxlwhg ynweweh ckmkihrt `j weh d``qhrkwnzht `r

weh tckll#tdklh cnmnmi hmwhrqrntht, weh

wrkgnwn`mkl denhjt `j weh d`ccxmnwnhtnm yende cnmnmi wkbht qlkdh, kmg

rhqrhthmwkwnzht `j l`dkl i`zhrmchmw-4L`dkl i`lg wrkghrt, ye` krh weh jnrtw

twkih nm weh wrkgnmi deknm, rhqrhthmw kmncq`rwkmw thd`mg ir`xq nm went rhthkrde-Jrh{xhmwl~, weh~ krh qkrw `j weh tkch

wrkgnmi deknmt wekw txqql~ cnmnmid`ccxmnwnht ynwe oktnd j``gtwxjjt,

kldè`l kmg `wehr i``gt kmg thrzndht-

Weh ghql`~chmw `j weh rhthkrdehrt w`

weh i`lg#cnmnmi tnwht d`cchmdhg nmhkrl~ M`zhcohr ?1;;, j`r qhrn`gt `j xq w`

wy` yhhbt qhr txo#rhin`m- Cnmnmi tnwhtzntnwhg o~ TK_Y rhthkrdehrt nmdlxgh6

M`rweBnx6Yklnbklh, Ckmixrhgfnqk,

Cxmxmvh T`xweBnx6Werhh tnwht nm Bklheh,

kmg cnmnmi tnwht nm Bkcnwxik kmgLxixteyk, Onrkek, Cxtenmik kmg

thzhrkl tnwht mhkr Jnvn Ckmnhck6Tkrkckonlk, Onbhmih,

Bkcqhmh, Bkwde`b`l`, Bkckm~`lk,

Ckwxcok, O`mnminmk, Qxmnk @rnhmwklh6Thzhrkl tnwht nm kmg kr`xmg

C`mioyklx, Nik#Okrrnhrh, Ckokmik,Ok~h, Thcnm`r, QB54 kmg Qkmik-

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nmWr`gxDWn`m

Wehòfhdwnh`jwentrhthkrderhq`rwykt

w`htwkolnteyehwehr,kmgw`yekwhuwhmw,

q`tw#d`mndwh`rwtkwmkwn`mkl,rhin`mkl

kmgnmwhrmkwn`mkllhhltkrhncqr`nmi

wehtnwxkwn`m`jkrwntkmkli`lg#cnmnmi

d`ccxmnwnhtnmwehqr`nmdht`j@rnhmwklh,

M`rwekmgT`xweBnx,kmgCkmnhcknmweh

Ghc`drkwnd_hqxolnd`jD`mi`%G_D.-Weh

rhthkrdeqr`dhhghgjr`cwehkttxcqwn`m

wekwlhiklkmgrhixlkw`r~nmtwrxchmwt

kmgnmtwnwxwn`mtdrhkwhgkjwhrweh?11:

hlhdwn`mtw`rhixlkrnthkmgtxqq`rwweh

G_Dtnmj`rcklcnmnmithdw`rte`xlgm`y

ohtwkrwnmiw`te`yq`tnwnhhhdwt-Went

rhq`rwt`xieww`hrnj~wekwkttxcqwn`m-


;- @rnhmwklh

?- M`rwe Bnzx

4- T`xwe Bnzx

7- Ckmnhck


8/52

Kc`mi weh ckm~ dekllhmiht jkdhg o~weh rhthkrde whkc ykt weh gnjjndxlw~

nm òwknmnmi `jj ndnkl g`dxchmwkwn`m-I`zhrmchmw kihmwt d`mwnmxh w`

kdw ynwe lnwwlh wrkmtqkrhmd~ `rkdd`xmwkonlnw~ kmg ohlnhzh wekw kddhttw` nmj`rckwn`m nt k jkz`xr weh~ dkm

irkmw kmg m`w k rniew `j weh qxolnd-Lnbh c`tw i`zhrmchmw kihmdnht, weh

Cnmntwr~ `j Cnmht kmg weh Qr`znmdnklCnmnmi Gnzntn`mt twnll g` m`w ekzhnmtwnwxwn`mklnthg chdekmntct nm

qlkdh w` kmtyhr qxolnd nm{xnrnht ko`xw

d`mwrkdwt ynwe cnmnmi d`cqkmnht`r qhrcnwt nttxhg w` huq`rwhrt kmgwrkghrt- _hthkrdehrt, chcohrt `j wehchgnk kmg chcohrt `j dnznl t`dnhw~

`rikmntkwn`mt d`mwnmxh w` oh tw`qqhgkmg {xhtwn`mhg kw hzhr~ twhq gxrnmiwehnr wrkzhlt nm weh cnmnmi krhkt- TK_Y

rhthkrdehrt yhrh rh{xnrhg w` qrhthmwkm `rgrh gh cnttn`m, yende ekg w` oh

twkcqhg kmg tnimhg o~ weh kxwe`rnwnht`j hzhm weh tckllhtw kgcnmntwrkwnzhhmwnw~- Kqqr`zkl ykt i rkmwhg `ml~ kjwhr

lhmiwe~ d`mzhrtkwn`mt wekw t`chwnchtnmz`lzhg d`mtnghrkolh ghwknlt ko`xw weh

òfhdwnzht `j weh TK_Y zntnw-

Weh ghmtnw~ `j i`zhrmchmw

rhqrhthmwkwnzht, jr`c weh cknm r`kgt w`

weh c`tw rhc`wh znllkiht, klt` rhtxlwhgnm d`mtwkmw huw`rwn`mt rkminmi jr`c kjhy exmgrhg D`mi`lhth Jrkmdt %JD.7

w` kt cxde kt XT'81- Fxtwnj ndkwn`m j`rwehth qk~chmwt rkm weh ikcxw jr`c`xwrniew ohiinmi %weh `jjndnkl ekg m`w

rhdhnzhg ent tklkr~ j`r c`mwet. w` wkuht,jhht, r`kg w`llt kmg jnmht- Nw nt thlj#

hznghmw wekw c`tw krh okthg `m jndwnwn`xt

lkyt `r rxlht kmg krh ncq`thg rkmg`cl~kmg ynwe`xw km~ lhikl oktnt-

lhikl kmgnmtWnWxWn`mkljrkchy`rBj`r krWntkmkl cnmnmi

J`ll`ynmi weh Ilòkl kmg Kll#NmdlxtnzhKirhhchmw tnimhg nm ?114, ncq`rwkmw

nmtwnwxwn`mkl dkqkdnw~ ekg w` oh rhoxnlwnm `rghr w` hmkolh weh wrkmtnwn`mkli`zhrmchmw w` jxljnl nwt ckmgkwht-

F`thqe Bkonlk, kw weh wnch twnll qrhtnghmw`j weh Nmwhrnc I`zhrmchmw, tnimhg

mhy D`mi`lhth cnmnmi lhintlkwn`m nmw`

lky `m ;; Fxl~ ?11?- Okthg `m went lky,mhy whdemndkl nmtwnwxwn`mt ekg w` oh

drhkwhg kmg twkjjhg nm `rghr w` txqq`rwweh y`rb `j weh D`mi`lhth Cnmntwr~ `j

Cnmht, nmdlxgnmi6

;- K cnmnmi rhintwhr `r dkgktwhr %DKCN.

w` rhd`rg kll qr`qhrw~ rniewt rhlkwhg w`cnmhrklghq`tnwt2

?- Weh Dhmwrh j Huqhrwnth, Hzklxkwn`mkmg Dhrwnjndkwn`m %DHHD. w` dhrwnj~ wehzklxh, {xkmwnw~ kmg kqqr`qrnkwh wkukwn`m

`jkllcnmhrkltqrn`rw`huq`rw2kmg,

4- K tqhdnklnthg thrzndh j`r wehkttntwkmdh kmg txqhrzntn`m j

krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmnmi%TKHTTDKC. w` txqq`rw krwntkmkl

kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrt-

Weh drhkwn`m `j weh cnmnmi dkgktwhr kmg

DHHD rhdhnzhg ncchgnkwh kwwhmwn`mynwe mhy rhixlkwn`mt, qrhtnghmwnkl

kmg cnmntwhrnkl ghdrhht, kt yhll kt wehmhdhttkr~ jnmkmdnkl txqq`rw- Kw wehBnmtektk lhzhl, wehth wy` kihmdnht yhrh

y`rbnmi rhlkwnzhl~ yhll ynwenm ?#4 ~hkrt-Kjwhr weh ?11: hlhdwn`m kmg mdh thdxrnw~

d`mdhrmt qhrcnwwhg, DHHD klt` nmnwnkwhg`qhrkwn`mt nm qr`znmdnkl dhmwrht kmg ntm`y txotwkmwnkll~ `qhrkwnzh-

@m weh `wehr ekmg, TKHTTDKC yktmhilhdwhg j`r jkr w`` l`mi- Hudhqw j`r

k jhy orkmdeht `qhrkwnmi nm Bkwkmik,TKHTTDKCt ghzhl`qchmw kt km

kihmd~ ynwe mkwn`mkl rhkde ykt nim`rhg

xmwnl zhr~ rhdhmwl~- Kt ynll oh te`ymwer`xie`xw went rhq`rw, weh jknlxrh w`

qr`qhrl~ jxmg went kihmd~, w` wrknm kmgh{xnq nwt qhrt`mmhl, kmg w` cknmwknm

zni`r`xt nmwhirnw~ twkmgkrgt ektmhikwnzhl~ kjjhdwnmi whmt j we`xtkmgt jkrwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrt-

Qrhtnghmw Bkonlk kmg Ckrwnm Bkoyhlxlx

Lkonl`, Cnmntwhr `j Cnmht, ghc`mtwrkwhglhkghrtenq o~ qlk~nmi km ncq`rwkmwrhin`mkl r`lh nm weh Nmwhrmkwn`mkl

D`mjhrhmdh `j weh Irhkw Lkbht _hin`m%NDIL_.- Weh txo#rhin`mkl `rikmntkwn`m

dkch nmw` huntwhmdh nm ?111 yehm

weh XM Thdxrnw~ D`xmdnl, kt twkwhg nmrht`lxwn`mt ;?>; kmg ;417, dkllhg j`r

km nmwhrmkwn`mkl d`mjhrhmdh `m qhkdh,thdxrnw~, ghc`drkd~ kmg ghzhl`qchmwnm weh Irhkw Lkbht rhin`m- Nm M`zhcohr

?117, weh ;; ehkgt `j twkwh kmgi`zhrmchmw `j weh chcohr d`xmwrnht8xmkmnc`xtl~ kg`qwhg weh Ghdlkrkwn`m

`m Qhkdh, Thdxrnw~ kmg Ghzhl`qchmw nm

weh Irhkw Lkbht rhin`m nm Gkr ht Tklkkc,Wkmvkmnk- Weh Gkr ht Tklkkc ghdlkrkwn`mnmwhmghg w` kggrhtt weh r``w dkxtht `j wehnmwrkdwkolh d`mjlndwt kmg d`mtwrknmwt w`

ghzhl`qchmw nm weh Irhkw Lkbht wer`xiek rhin`mkl kmg nmm`zkwnzh kqqr`kde-

@mh `j weh bh~ òfhdwnzht `j weh NDIL_ykt weh ghzhl`qchmw `j k rhin`mkl

nmnwnkwnzh w` d`cokw weh nllhikl huql`nwkwn`m`j mkwxrkl rht`xrdht, nmdlxgnmi kchdekmntc j`r weh dhrwnj ndkwn`m j

mkwxrkl rht`xrdht- Weh NDIL_t kqqr`kdeykt twr`mil~ nmj lxhmdhg o~ qn`mhhrnmi

nmtwnwxwn`mkl twrxdwxrht, qr`dhgxrhtkmg lkyt w` rhixlkrnth kmg dhrwnj~qrhdn`xt kmg thcn#qrhdn`xt cnmhrklt

kmg tw`mht wekw yhrh klrhkg~ nm qlkdh

nm weh G_D, nmdlxgnmi weh mhy CnmnmiLky, weh gninwklnthg cnmnmi dkgktwhr, wehtqhdnklnthg dhmwrh j huqhrwnth, hzklxkwn`mkmg dhrwnjndkwn`m, kmg k mxcohr j

qrhtnghmwnkl kmg cnmntwhrnkl ghdrhhtghwknlnmi weh i`zhrmchmwt mkwxrkl

rht`xrdh ckmkihchmw-

Gxrnmi weh Ghdhcohr ?1;1 tqhdnkl

txccnw `j weh ehkgt `j twkwh `j weh ;;NDIL_ d`xmwrnht nm Lxtkbk, k ghdlkrkwn`m

: D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg


9/52

K mxcohr ` d`xmwrnht kmg rhin`mt krh ckbnmi h`rwt w` hmkdw lkyt kmg rxlht w` lncnw weh

wrkgh nm d`mjndw cnmhrklt6

;- Weh @rikmntkwn`m `r Hd`m`cnd D`#

`qhrkwn`m kmg Ghzhl`qchmw %@HDG., nm

d`llko`rkwn`m ynwe weh i`zhrmchmw ` weh

G_D kmg weh lhkghrtenq weh NDIL_, ekt

ghzhl`qhg ghwknlhg ixnghlnmht `r gxhgnlnihmdh nm weh cnmnmi thdw`r ` d`mndw

`r enie#rntb rhin`mt-

?- Weh XT D`m l ndw Cnmhrklt Kdw ,

xmghr thdwn`m ;81? ` weh Jrkmb G`gg

Lky, twnqxlkwht wekw d`cqkmnht ye`

klrhkg~ ekzh Thdxrnwnht kmg Hudekmih

D`ccnttn`m %THD. rhq`rwnmi òlnikwn`mt

ekzh km kggnwn`mkl gxw~ w` gntdl`thyehwehr weh~ ncq`rw wnm, dkttnwhrnwh,

d`lwkm, y`lrkcnwh kmg i`lg %hnwehr

nm rky `rc, qr`dhtthg, `r kt qkrw `

d`cq`mhmwt ` ckmxkdwxrhg i``gt.

wekw `rninmkwht r`c weh hktwhrm G_D-

tnolh txqql~ deknm ckmkihchmw cnmhr#

klt wekw `rninmkwh r`c weh hktwhrm G_D-

:- Wehrh krh wy` onllt qhmgnmi %D#89; kmg

D#411. nm weh Dkmkgnkm qkrlnkchmw wekw,n hmkdwhg, y`xlg rh{xnrh Dkmkgnkm d`c#

qkmnht w` huhrdnth gxh gnlnihmdh oh`rh

qxrdektnmi cnmhrklt r`c weh Irhkw Lkbht

rhin`m- Weh~ y`xlg klt` rh{xnrh weh i`z#

hrmchmw w` kmmxkll~ rhq`rw m d`cqkmnht

nw txtqhdwt ` ekznmi zn`lkwhg Dkmkgnkm

d`rq`rkwh t`dnkl rhtq`mtnonlnw~ twkmgkrgt-

Yenlh txde hj`rwt tnimkl nghklntwnd nmwhm#wn`mt nm t`ch qkrwt weh y`rlg, weh rhklnw~

nt wekw m`mh wehc ekzh ohhm ncqlhchmw#

hg t` kr, kqkrw r`c G`gg Jrkmb- Weh THD

mkll~ kqqr`zhg weh rhixlkwn`mt nm Kxixtw

?1;? wy` ~hkrt kwhr weh onll ykt hmkdwhg-

où ;6

nmWhrmkWn`mkl lkyt i`zhrmnmi d`mjlndW cnmhrklt

4- Weh Hxr`qhkm Xmn`m %HX. Qkrlnkchmw

kg`qwhg k rht`lxwn`m `r weh drhkwn`m `

k mhy HX lky twnqxlkwnmi rxlht `r wrkdnmi

weh `rninm ` ncq`rwhg cnmhrklt kt k w``l

w` d`cokw nllhikl huql`nwkwn`m ` d`mndwcnmhrklt r`c Krndkm d`xmwrnht-

7- Weh HX D`ccnttn`m ykmwt w` rhhdw

k tncnlkr d`mdhqw ynwe km kchmgchmw

w` nwt ?115 _ky Ckwhrnklt Nmnwnkwnzh- Nm

qkrwndxlkr, weh kchmgchmw ynll nmdlxgh k

d`xmwr~#o~#d`xmwr~ gntdl`txrh olnikwn`m

tncnlkr w` weh XT G`gg Jrkmb lky, oxw ynll

kgg gntdl`txrh olnikwn`mt rhikrgnmi qk~#chmwt ckgh o~ qxolndl~ lntwhg d`cqkmnht

w` i`zhrmchmwt-

8- Nm ?1;1, weh Kxtwrklnkm i`zhrmchmw rh#

lhkthg gxh gnlnihmdh ixnghlnmht `r rhtq`m#

ykt tnimhg w` kg`qw tnu w``lt w` jniew wehnllhikl huql`nwkwn`m `j mkwxrkl rht`xrdht-

Weh tnu w``lt krh6

;-Krhin`mkldhrwnjndkwn`mchdekmntc2

?-Ekrc`mntkwn`m`jmkwn`mkllhintlkwn`m2

4-Krhin`mklgkwkokth`mcnmhrkljl`yt2

7- J rcklntkwn`m j weh krwntkmklcnmnmithdw`r2

8- Qr`c`wn`m j weh Huwrkdwnzh Nmgxtwr~

Wrkmtqkrhmd~Nmnwnkwnzh%HNWN.2kmg

:- K yentwlhol`ynmi chdekmntc-

Weh nmwhrmkwn`mkl d`ccxmnw~ ekt klt`txqq`rwhg weh qhkdh qr`dhtt kmg wkbhm

q`tnwn`mt kiknmtw we`th ye` nllhikll~huql`nw mkwxrkl rht`xrdht ncq`rwkmw

twhqt w`ykrgt weh rhixlkrntkwn`m `j weh

D`mi`t mkwxrkl rht`xrdh nmgxtwrnht-Tnmdh ?118 weh XM Thdxrnw~ D`xmdnl ekttwhkgnl~ or`kghmhg weh ckmgkwh `j weh

XM Ir`xq `j Huqhrwt: kmg gnrhdwhg nww` nmzhtwnikwh weh rhlkwn`mtenq ohwyhhmD`mi`t mkwxrkl rht`xrdht kmg nwt

d`mjlndwt kmg ykrl`rgt- O`we XM kmgMI@ nmzhtwnikwn`mt kmg rhq`rwt rhzhklhge`y krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrt

yhrh weh qrnckr~ zndwnct `j t~twhcnd,nllhikl huql`nwkwn`m `rikmnthg o~, kmg

ohmhjnwwnmi, ykrl`rgt, cnlnwnkt kmg

wehnr wrkgnmi qkrwmhrt9- Nm M`zhcohr?118, weh Huqhrw Ir`xq txddhhghg

ynwe nwt rhd`cchmgkwn`m w` ncq`thwkrihwhg XM tkmdwn`mt `m k mxcohr `j

lhkghrt `j nllhikll~ krchg ir`xqt kmgkjjnlnkwhg oxtnmhttqh`qlh %thh j``wm`wh

;> ohl`y. nm `rghr w` wr~ kmg thzhr wehthlnmbkiht- Weh Ir`xq klt` d`mdhqwxklnthg

wrkdhkonlnw~ kmg `wehr dhrwnjndkwn`mchdekmntct w` qr`whdw lhinwnckwhcnmhrkl huwrkdwn`m kmg wrkgh- Weh lkwhtw

hjj`rw o~ weh Huqhrw Ir`xq ekt lhg wehThdxrnw~ D`xmdnl w` kg`qw gxh gnlnihmdh

qrnmdnqlht wekw cxtw oh òthrzhg o~km~`mh wrkgnmi nm wnm, dkttnwhrnwh,d`lwkm, y`ljrkcnwh kmg i`lg `rninmkwnmi

nm hktwhrm D`mi`- Nm weh`r~, we`th

nghmwnjnhg kt zn`lkwnmi `r gntrhikrgnmiweh gxw~ w` nmzhtwnikwh weh `rninmt `jwehth cnmhrklt krh m`y txofhdw w` k XMktthwt jrhhvh kmg k wrkzhl okm-



10/52

entW`rnDkl okDBir`xmg

weh rnth ` I`lg#cnmnmI rhlkwhg koxtht

Weh hkrlnhtw huql`rkwn`m `r i`lg ghq`tnwt nm weh G_D ohikm nm

;>17, te`rwl~ kwhr wy` Kxtwrklnkm huql`rhrt y`rbnmi `r weh

kgcnmntwrkwn`m ` Bnmi Lh`q`lg NN gntd`zhrhg kllxznkl i`lg kl`miweh Kmi`lk _nzhr- Weh gntd`zhrhrt, Ekmmkc kmg @Ornhm, {xndbl~

rhdrxnwhg l`dkl y`rbhrt w` twkrw huql`nwnmi went rnde rht`xrdh-

L`mi oh`rh weh~ `xmg i`lg, Bnmi Lh`q`lg ekg nttxhg ghdrhht

ghtnimhg w` ckuncnth weh huql`nwkwn`m ` weh D`mi`t ckm~

mkwxrkl rht`xrdht- Kdd`rgnmi w` wehth ghdrhht , hkde znllkih denh

y`xlg oh txofhdw w` qrhtwkwn`mt k t~twhc wekw `rdhg wehc

w` kttntw nm weh rh{xntnwn`m ` y`rbhrt kmg q`rwhrt, ``g, kmg

d`mtwrxdwn`m ckwhrnkl- Weh ghdrhht klt` htwkolntehg weh J`rdh

Qxoln{xh, weh q`lndh kmg thdxrnw~ xmnwt d`cq`thg ` l`dklt kmglhg o~ Hxr`qhkm chrdhmkrnht, yende hm`rdhg weh Bnmit ynll o~

ynhlgnmi weh dend`wwh,5 oxrmnmi znllkiht, kmg w`rwxrnmi, `iinmi

kmg rkqnmi znllkihrt-

O~ Kxixtw ;>1:, Ekmmkc kmg @Ornhm rhq`rwhg k c`mwel~

`xwqxw `j :11 `xmdht `j i`lg kmg weh~ tenqqhg weh jnrtwd`mtnimchmw `j i`lg w` Orxtthlt-> @wehr i`lg zhnmt yhrhtxoth{xhmwl~ gntd`zhrhg nm qkrwt `j hktwhrm D`mi`, nmdrhktnmi

weh qrhttxrh w` d`hrdh l`dklt nmw` cnmnmi- Gxrnmi weh JnrtwY`rlg Ykr, weh lnzht `j weh qh`qlh `j hktwhrm D`mi` ohdkch

hzhm c`rh gnjjndxlw- Weh Ohlinkm d`l`mnkl kxwe`rnw~ j`rdnol~rhdrxnwhg D`mi`lhth nmw` weh J`rdh Qxoln{xh w` jniew kiknmtw wehj`rdht `j Ihrckm Hktw Kjrndk- W` txqq`rw weh Ohlinkm D`mi`t

cnlnwkr~ kgzhmwxrh, D`mi`lhth yhrh j`rdhg w` y`rb kt q`rwhrt`r w` ir`y j``g j`r weh t`lgnhrt- Weh d`l`m~ d`xlg kjj`rg weh

cnlnwkr~ hjj`rw ohdkxth j weh z`lxmwkr~ qk~chmw j wkuht,kmg weh D`mi`lhth Dhmwrkl Okmbt nmdrhktnmi nmwkbh `j Nwxrni`lg- Chkmyenlh, weh Ihrckmt huql`nwhg weh Thbhmbh Cnmh nm

Wkmvkmnk nm rghr w` jnmkmdh wehnr ykr hjj`rw-

D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg5


11/52

D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg >


12/52

Lnwwlh nt bm`ym ko`xw weh tnwxkwn`m `j D`mi`lhth i`lg cnmhrtkjwhr weh Jnrtw Y`rlg Ykr ohdkxth nmwhrmkwn`mkl kwwhmwn`m `m

weh koxtht qhrqhwrkwhg nm weh D`mi` txotnghg d`mtnghrkol~`mdh Lh`q`lg NN ykt j`rdhg w` dhgh d`mwr`l `j weh d`xmwr~ w`

weh Ohlinkm i`zhrmchmw- Nmwhrmkl rhq`rwnmi o~ weh d`l`mnklkgcnmntwrkw`rt qr`znght t`ch ilncqtht nmw` weh d`mwnmxnmikoxtht nmdlxgnmi nm weh d`qqhr cnmht `j Bkwkmik, yende yhrh

o~ jkr weh c`tw ncq`rwkmw thdw`r j weh cnmnmi nmgxtwr~ kmgrhjlhdw tdkmgkl`xtl~ enie c`rwklnw~ rkwht- Gkzng M`rwerxq, ye`

ekt rhthkrdehg weh lko`xr tnwxkwn`m nm weh D`mi` huwhmtnzhl~,d`mdlxghg wekw weh chwe`g `j koxth dekmihg `zhr wnch oxw m`wweh kdwxkl koxth6 huqkmgnmi ghckmgt j`r lko`xr or`xiew ckm~

c`rh qh`qlh xmghr t`ch t`rw `j d`hrdhg lko`xr t~twhc- Wext,

j`r weh kjjhdwhg K jrndkmt, tlkzhr~ ekg dekmihg nwt j`rc c`rhwekm nwt dekrkdwhr-;1

Kjwhr weh D`mi` iknmhg nmghqhmghmdh nm ;>:1, l``wnmi D`mi`ti`lg ohdkch weh qktwnch `j weh lhkghrt `j weh i`zhrmchmw

cnlnwkr~ kmg rhohl ir`xqt- Weh Tncok nmtxrrhdwn`m lhg o~Derntw`qeh Iohm~h w``b cxde `j m`rwe#hktwhrm D`mi` kmghtwkolntehg weh Qh`qlht _hqxolnd `j weh D`mi`, ckbnmi

Bntkmikmn %Twkmlh~znllh. weh mhy dkqnwkl- Iohm~h `ddxqnhg

kmg l``whg weh C`w` cnmht kr`xmg Ykwtk- Kdd`rgnmi w` Wnchckikvnmh, eh tw`lh ;811 q`xmgt `j i`lg jr`c weh tkjh `j wehcnmnmi `qhrkwn`mt-

Yehm F`thqe Còxwx thnvhg q`yhr kw weh hmg `j ;>:8, ehd`mt`lngkwhg weh i`lg#cnmnmi `qhrkwn`mt `j weh hktwhrm

D`mi` xmghr T`dnw gh l@jjndh ght Cnmht g@r gh Bnl`#C`w`%T@BNC@ r @BNC@.;; nm yende eh nmwhirkwhg weh nmgxtwrnklqr`gxdwn`m `j weh Bnl` kmg C`w` i`lg cnmht- T@BNC@ ykt t``m

bm`ym w` oh Còxwxt qhrt`mkl qnii~ okmb-

Cntckmkihchmw lhg w` weh irkgxkl gntckmwlnmi `j weh

nmgxtwrnkl twrxdwxrht, kmg o~ weh lkwh ;>51t @BNC@ ihmhrkwhgrhzhmxh ml~ o~ wkunmi nmj`rckl, krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklhcnmhrt- Weh hd`m`cnd d`llkqth ykt ckgh y`rth o~ weh Jnrtw

D`mi` Ykr- @mdh Lkxrhmw#Ghtnrh Bkonlk kttxchg lhkghrtenq `jweh Kllnkmdh ght J`rdht Gc`drkwn{xht q`xr lk Lnorkwn`m gx

D`mi`#Vkrh %KJGL. kmg lkxmdehg km krchg rhz`lw ynwe ent

kllnht Qrhtnghmwt Qkxl Bkikch %_ykmgk. kmg ^`yhrn Cxthzhmn%Xikmgk., eh t~twhckwndkll~ `ddxqnhg kmg huql`nwhg weh

i`lg#rnde cnmnmi krhkt- L`mi ohj`rh eh ekg ghq`thg Còxwxkmg wkbhm jxll d`mwr`l `j weh d`xmwr~, eh twkrwhg w` thll i`lg

d`mdhttn`mt w` weh eniehtw ongghrt-

K mhy ykzh `j zn`lhmdh, d`hrdhg lko`xr kmg hd`m`cnd

gntrxqwn`m drktehg zhr weh krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrtynwe weh Thd`mg D`mi` Ykr- Weh `ddxq~nmi j`rdht `j Xikmgkkmg _ykmgk rknghg weh i`lg#cnmnmi dhmwrht `j weh hktw,

j`ll`yhg o~ ykzht `j D`mi`lhth cnlnwnk ir`xqt- _DG#I`ck,

_DG#B#CL, _DG#B, CLD, XQD, JMN, JKQD, JQFD kmg jnmkll~

DMGQ kmg JGL_ kll `ddxqnhg kmg l``whg weh i`lg#cnmnmidhmwrht kmg weh txrr`xmgnmi znllkiht- Nm t`ch nmtwkmdht, weh~

htwkolntehg {xktn#kgcnmntwrkwn`mt kmg nttxhg mhy i`lg#cnmnmiqhrcnwt- Nm kll nmtwkmdht, weh~ ncq`thg wkuht, d`hrdhg wehrqk~chmwt, bnllhg, cknchg kmg w``b rhzhmih `m krwntkmkl i`lg

cnmhrt j`r weh c`tw tqxrn`xt rhkt`mt-

mkwn mkl kmg nmwhrmkwn`mkl rhkDwn`mt w`

I`lg#cnmnmI rhlkwhg koxtht

Weh e`rr`rt `j weh Jnrtw kmg Thd`mg D`mi` Ykrt, kmg wehXikmgkm#_ykmgkm `ddxqkwn`mt `j weh d`xmwr~t c`tw ncq`r#

wkmw cnmnmi tnwht, cònlnthg tnimnjndkmw rhtntwkmdh o~ D`mi`lhthdnznl t`dnhw~- Fxtwndh Qlxt, j`r hukcqlh, `rikmnthg k dkcqknimkiknmtw hwemnd qhrthdxwn`mt kmg weh nllhikl huql`nwkwn`m `j mkwxrkl

rht`xrdht- Kdwnzntwt jr`c l`dkl `rikmntkwn`mt, txde kt KTKGE@#Ohmn, yhrh r`xwnmhl~ krrhtwhg j`r ghm`xmdnmi cnmnmi kdwnznwnht o~Xikmgkm j`rdht- @jjndhrt `j weh Xikmgkm cnlnwkr~, wehnr l`dkl kllnht

jr`c _DG#B#CL kmg wehr rhohl ir`xqt kwwhcqwhg w` tnlhmdh wentrhtntwkmdh- E`yhzhr, weh~ gng m`w txddhhg ohdkxth ckm~ D`mi`#lhth kdwnzntwt ghm`xmdhg wehth koxtht kmg d`mwrnoxwhg tnimnjndkmw#

l~ w` rkntnmi mkwn`mkl kmg nmwhrmkwn`mkl kwwhmwn`m- @mh ncq`rwkmwcnlhtw`mh w`ykrgt irhkwhr rhdìmnwn`m `j weh kwr`dnwnht lnmbhg ynwe

i`lg#cnmnmi ykt rhkdehg yehm D`mi`lhth rhthkrdehrt kmg nmzht#wnikw`rt txqq`rwhg Exckm _niewt Ykwde kmg nwt lkmgckrb rhq`rwWeh Dxrth j I`lg qxolntehg nm Ck~ ?118-

Dnznl t`dnhw~ dkcqknimt kiknmtw weh xmwrkmtqkrhmw kmg xmjknr

kll`dkwn`m `j cnmhrkl rniewt o~ rhohl#lhkghr#wxrmhg#QrhtnghmwLkxrhmw#Ghtnrh Bkonlk ekg klrhkg~ twkrwhg kjwhr weh Jnrtw

D`mi` Ykr- Nm weh ~hkr ?111, T~mhrinh Q`xr lk Qknu %T^QK. ykthtwkolntehg nm Oxwhco` kt k mhwy`rb `j l`dkl ir`xqt, nmdlxgnmiweh Dkwe`lnd Dexrde kmg dnznl t`dnhw~ `rikmntkwn`mt `j weh

Bnzxt- Weh rikmntkwn`m irhy {xndbl~ w` mkwn`mkl twkwxrh kmgohdkch km ncq`rwkmw kdw`r nm weh Nmwhr#D`mi`lhth Gnklìxh,yende ykt `mh `j weh qrnmdnqkl qhkdh nmnwnkwnzht, drhkwhg xmghr

weh Txm Dnw~ Kdd`rg nm ?11?- Weh Nmwhr#D`mi`lhth Gnklìxhehlqhg w` hmtxrh wekw weh D`mi`t Wrkmtnwn`mkl Qkrlnkchmwy`xlg thw xq k qkrlnkchmwkr~ nmzhtwnikwnzh d`ccnwwhh w` l``b

nmw`, kc`mi wehr wenmit, weh lnmbt ohwyhhm cnmnmi d`mwrkdwtkmg weh d`mwnmxkwn`m `j ykr-

Went drnwndkl nmnwnkwnzh, yende y`xlg hzhmwxkll~ oh bm`ym kt wehLxwxmgxlk D`ccnttn`m, rhdhnzhg zhr~ lnwwlh `r m` okdbnmi

jr`c rhqrhthmwkwnzht j weh nmwhrmkwn`mkl d`ccxmnw~- Kdd`rgnmiw` weh rhq`rw j weh Lxwxmgxlk D`ccnttn`m, d`xmwrnht txde kt

weh Xmnwhg Twkwht, Dkmkgk, Ohlinxc kmg `wehrt rhjxthg w` irkmwchcohrt j weh D`ccnttn`m zntkt w` nmzhtwnikwh nm d`cqkmnht nmwehnr d`xmwrnht `j `rninm wekw yhrh txtqhdwhg `j jhhgnmi nmw` weh

d`mjlndw kmg cnmnmi d~dlh nm weh G_D-

D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg;1


13/52

Weh nmwhrmkwn`mkl d`ccxmnw~ lkrihl~ nim`rhg D`mi`lhth hjj`rwt kw wncht hzhm xmghrcnmnmi wehc nm `rghr w` qxrtxh nwt `ym

nghkt j`r rht`lznmi weh D`mi`t mkwxrkl rht`xrdh qròlhct- Kqnz`wkl c`chmw dkch yehm weh Qhrckmhmw _hqrhthmwkwnzh `j

weh XT w` weh XM, _ndekrg E`lor``bh, kmg XT Thdrhwkr~ `j TwkwhCkghlhnmh Klorniew ghdnghg wekw Fkmxkr~ ?111 %weh c`mwe nmyende weh XT ghlhikwn`m ykt i`nmi w` qrhtngh `zhr weh Thdxrnw~

D`xmdnl. y`xlg oh ghgndkwhg w` ghjnmnmi k ilòkl twrkwhi~ w`wkdblh weh c`tw qhrtntwhmw qròlhct `m weh Kjrndkm d`mwnmhmw-

E`lor``bh qlkmmhg `qhm chhwnmit w` gntdxtt weh d`mjlndwtnm Oxrxmgn, w eh G_D, Kmi`lk kmg Tnhrrk Lh`mh kmg weh

td`xrih `j KNGT- @m ?7 Fkmxkr~ ?111, weh Thdxrnw~ D`xmdnl

deknrhg o~ Klorniew yhld`chg weh qrhtnghmwt `j thzhm Kjrndkmd`xmwrnht2Lkxrhmw#GhtnrhBkonlkyktwehjnrtwqrhtnghmw

nmznwhg w` weh r`xmg wkolh `j weh Thdxrnw~ D`xmdnl, j`ll`yhgo~ weh qrhtnghmwt `j _ykmgk, Vkconk, C`vkcon{xh, Xikmgk,

Vncokoyh kmg Kmi`lk-;?

Bkonlk ekg jxmghg ent l`mi ~hkrt engghm kyk~ nm weh Nw`coyhC`xmwknmt `j T`xwe Bnzx nm qkrw o~ i`lg tcxiilnmi kmg `wehr

d`cchrdnkl kdwnznwnht- Yehm eh yhmw w` ykr w` `xtw Còxwx,

weh cnlnwkr~ j`rdht `j _ykmgk kmg Xikmgk yhrh ncq`rwkmwkllnht- Hzhmwxkll~ weh~ wxrmhg kiknmtw hkde wehr, kmg wehThd`mg D`mi` Ykr wxrmhg nmw` k zndn`xt ykr `j kwwrnwn`m-_ykmgk, Xikmgk kmg wehnr D`mi`lhth kllnht yhrh nmz`lzhg

nm rht`xrdh huwrkdwn`m kt weh~ j`xiew weh Bkonlk rhinch- Wehjkdw wekw Bkonlk qkng ent j`rhnim kllnht kmg wehnr j niewhrt ynwe

kddhtt w` weh D`mi`t mkwxrkl yhklwe gng m`w tw`q enc jr`ctwkwnmi olxmwl~ w` weh Thdxrnw~ D`xmdnl6 Nt wehrh km~`mh ehrhye` nt xmkykrh `j weh t~twhckwnd qlxmghrnmi `j D`mi`lhth

rht`xrdht `m kmg ohl`y weh ir`xmg o~ weh _ykmgkm, Xikmgkmkmg Oxrxmgnkm `ddxqnhrt0 Wehnr o``w~ y``g, gnkc`mgt,

i`lg, dòklw kmg vhorkt nt kll ohnmi t`lg `m weh `qhm ckrbhw,nmdlxgnmi nm t`ch `j weh d`xmwrnht rhqrhthmwhg ehrh w`gk~- ;4

yekw nt nllhIkl0

Ynwe ent rhjhrhmdh w` weh t~twhckwnd qlxmghrnmi `j D`mi`lhthrht`xrdht, Bkonlk thw nmw` c`wn`m k mhy g~mkcnd nm weh d`mjlndw

rht`lxwn`m gnklìxh- J`ll`ynmi Bkonlkt dkll j`r km nmwhrzhmwn`mo~ weh nmwhrmkwn`mkl d`ccxmnw~, weh Thdxrnw~ D`xmdnl ghdnghg

w` thmg k cnttn`m lhg o~ Kcokttkg`r E`lor``bh w` DhmwrklKjrndk w` ghjnmh weh twhqt w` oh wkbhm nm txqq`rw `j qhkdh#ckbnmi nm weh G_D- Kjwhr k j`xr#gk~ olnwv cnttn`m, E`lor``bh

kmg ent d`llhkixht ghlnzhrhg weh ghjnmnmi rhq`rw j`r kll jxwxrhThdxrnw~ D`xmdnl kdwn`mt `m weh D`mi`t mkwxrkl rht`xrdht- Weh

bh~ rhd`cchmgkwn`m ykt wekw weh XM Thdrhwkr~ Ihmhrkl te`xlgdrhkwh k XM Qkmhl `j Huqhrwt `m weh nllhikl huql`nwkwn`m `jmkwxrkl rht`xrdht kmg `wehr j`rct `j yhklwe `j weh Ghc`drkwnd

_hqxolnd `j weh D`mi`-;7

K drnwndkl q`nmw nm weh lkmixkih, yende ykt j nrtw txiihtwhg o~Bkonlk kmg huqkmghg m o~ weh E`lor` bh cnttn`m, ykt weh

d`mdhqw wekw weh D`mi`t mkwxrkl rht`xrdht yhrh huql`nwhgnllhikll~- Went whrc nmwr`gxdhg km huwrhchl~ d`mwhmwn`xt d`mdhqw

kmg weh Qkmhl `j Huqhrwt ghtdrnohg nwt twrxiilh w` ghjnmh nllhiklnw~nm nwt jnrtw rhq`rw-;8 Weh rhq`rw jjhrhg j`xr drnwhrnk w` ghwhrcnmhnllhiklnw~6zn`lkwn`m`jt`zhrhnimw~2rhtqhdwo~kdw`rtj`rweh

huntwnmi rhixlkw`r~ jrkchy`rbt nm weh d`xmwr~ `r whrrnw`r~ yehrhweh~`qhrkwh2gntdrhqkmd~ohwyhhmynghl~kddhqwhgwrkghkmg

oxtnmhttqrkdwndhtkmgwehd`mgxdw`joxtnmhttnmwehG_D2kmg,

weh zn`lkwn`m `j nmwhrmkwn`mkl lky, nmdlxgnmi t`jw lky- Weh Qkmhljxrwehr twkwhg wekw nw ykt i`nmi w` xwnlnvh weh kj`rhchmwn`mhg

hlhchmwt nm k d`cqlhchmwkr~ ckmmhr, rhjxtnmi w` oh hudlxtnzh `r

w` j`dxt `m `mh tnmilh hlhchmw- E`yhzhr, weh Qkmhlt txoth{xhmwrhq`rwt rhzhklhg wekw wehnr y`rb j`dxthg m `mh tnmilh hlhchmw

weh j`xrwe drnwhrnk, xtnmi ghjnmnwn`mt ghrnzhg jr`c weh @HDGthchrinmi ixnghlnmht-

Okthg `m went ghjnmnwn`m, weh Qkmhl rhlhkthg k rhq`rw `m ;:@dwòhr ?11? ynwe kmmhuht;: `j mkcht `j nmgnzngxklt kmgd`cqkmnht wekw nw kddxthg `j huql`nwnmi weh D`mi`t mkwxrkl

rht`xrdht nllhikll~- Txoth{xhmwl~, weh @HDG ixnghlnmht kmg weh

ktt`dnkwhg mkwn`mkl d`mwkdw q`nmwt yhrh txqq`thg w` kttxchkm kgfxgndkw`r~ r`lh- E`yhzhr, nw mhzhr qr`zhg qkrwndxlkrl~hjjhdwnzh, htqhdnkll~ yehrh d`cqkmnht `r nmgnzngxklt jr`c @HDGchcohr twkwht yhrh nmz`lzhg-;9

Weh Qkmhlt y`rb y`xlg ekzh ekg c`rh lhinwnckd~ ekg wehrhohhm lhtt rhlnkmdh `m weh @HDG ixnghlnmht kmg c`rh ir`xmgnmi

nm weh lkyt `j weh D`mi`- Wehrh nt m`w `mh kwwhcqw nm wehQkmhlt rhq`rw w` ghjnmh weh g`dxchmwhg koxtht kt zn`lkwn`mt `j

D`mi`lhth lkyt, klwe`xie Qrhtnghmw F`thqe Bkonlk ekg tnimhgweh mhy D`mi`lhth Cnmnmi Lky `m ;8 Fxl~ ?11?, werhh c`mwetohj`rh weh rhlhkth `j weh XM Qkmhl rhq`rw-

Kqqkrhmwl~ rhl~nmi `m hchrinmi D`mi`lhth lhikl twrxdwxrht yktm`w km `qwn`m- Nmghhg, xtnmi D`mi`lhth lhikl twrxdwxrht w` ghjnmh

k twrkwhi~ kiknmtw nllhikl huql`nwkwn`m `j weh d`xmwr~t mkwxrklrht`xrdht y`xlg rhcknm xmkddhqwkolh j`r ~hkrt w` d`ch, kt weh jkwh

`j Cnmntwhrnkl Ghdrhh ?814 `j Jhorxkr~ ?119;5 y`xlg ghc`mtwrkwh-

Weh nmwhrmkwn`mkl d`ccxmnw~ htqhdnkll~ weh eniel~ nmgxtwrnklnthg,c`twl~ yhtwhrm chcohrt `j weh nmwhrmkwn`mkl d`ccxmnw~ ykmwhg

w` oxnlg `m weh hz`lznmi twkmgkrgt `j d`rq`rkwh t`dnkl rhtq`mtnonlnw~wekw yhrh xmghr ghzhl`qchmw kw weh @HDG kw weh wnch- E`yhzhr, weh@HDGt z`lxmwkr~ Ixnghlnmht j`r Cxlwnmkwn`mkl Hmwhrqrntht wxrmhg

`xw w` oh nmhjjhdwnzh nm rhixlkwnmi weh G_Dt cnmnmi thdw`r- Hzhmwx#kll~, nmzhtwnikwn`mt o~ weh Ornwnte MI@ _niewt kmg Kdd`xmwkonlnw~ nm

Ghzhl`qchmw %_KNG. rhzhklhg wekw znrwxkll~ m`mh `j weh d`cqkmnht

kmg nmgnzngxklt nghmwnjnhg o~ weh Qkmhl kt ohnmi nm zn`lkwn`m `j weh@HDG ixnghlnmht yhrh txofhdwhg w` km~ kgcnmntwrkwnzh qr`dhgxrh

o~ wehnr i`zhrmchmwt, kt weh @HDG qr`dhtt qr`cnthg-

D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg ;;


14/52

xm tkmDwn`mt kIknmtw weh

nllhIkl huql`nwkwn`m `

mkwxrkl rht`xrDht

Ynwe weh @HDG qr`dhtt wxrmnmi nmw` k qk#

qhr wnihr, we`th nm weh G_D ye` ekg e`qhgw` rhdhnzh kttntwkmdh jr`c weh nmwhrmk#

wn`mkl d`ccxmnw~ nm weh rhoxnlgnmi j k lh#

inwnckwh mkwxrkl rht`xrdh thdw`r tky wehnr`qwn`mt gncnmntenmi- O~ ?117, weh XMt

mkwxrkl rht`xrdh Qkmhl ykt gntd`mwnmxhg,qkrwl~ nm rhtq`mth w` ehkz~ drnwndntc `j

wehnr hznghmwnkr~ twkmgkrgt kmg chwe#`g`l`i~- E`yhzhr, weh Thdxrnw~ D`xmdnlkddhqwhg mh j wehnr rhd`cchmgkwn mt

w` ncq`th km krct hcokri` `m weh D`mi`kmg htwkolntehg km`wehr XM Huqhrw ir`xqw` c`mnw`r d`cqlnkmdh ynwe weh hcokri`-

O~ ?117, weh Ir`xq `j Huqhrwt ykt kq#

q`nmwhg ynwe k zhr~ mkrr`yl~ ghjnmhgkrct hcokri`#c`mnw`rnmi ckmgkwh-

Yenlh weh mkwxrkl rht`xrdh qkmhl ekgtwnrrhg xq k l`w `j chgnk kwwhmwn`m, nw ykt

weh mhy Ir`xq `j Huqhrwt wekw d`mznmdhgweh Thdxrnw~ D`xmdnl nm M`zhcohr ?118

w` ncq`th wkrihwhg XM tkmdwn`mt kiknmtw

kll ckf`r D`mi`lhth cnlnwnk lhkghrtkmg wehnr kjjnlnkwhg oxtnmhttqh`qlh;>-

Weh chktxrht ncq`thg `m we`th c`twrhtq`mtnolh j`r ckttkdrht nm hktwhrmD`mi` nmdlxghg weh jrhhvnmi `j wehnr kt#

thwt kmg k wrkzhl okm- Klwe`xie hjjhdwnzhncqlhchmwkwn`m `j wehth chktxrht y`xlg

rhcknm dekllhminmi, tnmilnmi xw wehthnmgnzngxklt kt xwdktwt j weh nmwhrmk#wn`mkl d`ccxmnw~ ol`dbhg wehnr dekmdht

`j hzhr kdenhznmi lhinwnckd~-

Weh Ir`xq klt` txddhhghg ynwe nwtrhd`cchmgkwn`mt w` weh Thdxrnw~

D`xmdnl w` jxrw ehr nmzhtwnikwh nmgnzngxkldxlqkonlnw~ nm weh xth `j mkwxrkl rht`xrdh

rhzhmxht w` jnmkmdh zn`lkwn`mt `j wehkrct hcokri`- Ynwe weh htwkolntechmw `jk ekrg twkmgkrg j`r nllhikl huql`nwkwn`m `j

mkwxrkl rht`xrdht kmg twrndw hznghmwnkr~

twkmgkrgt, qh`qlh `r d`cqkmnht nllhikll~huql`nwnmi `r gnzhrwnmi cnmhrklt jr`chktwhrm D`mi` c`zhg nmw` weh dr`tteknrt`j wkrihwhg tkmdwn`mt-

Xtnmi weh werhkw j XM tkmdwn`mtdhrwknml~ ykt k zklxkolh kggnwn`m w`

weh krthmkl kiknmtw qhrqhwrkw`rt jzn`lhmdh, oxw w` kdenhzh lktwnmi qhkdh kmg

thdxrnw~ weh lnmbkiht ohwyhhm mkwxrklrht`xrdh huql`nwkwn`m kmg wrkgh ekg w`

;? D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg


15/52

oh okthg `m k twr`mihr j``wnmi- O`we wehXM Qkmhl?1 kmg thmn`r jjndnklt ynwenm

weh G_D Cnmntwr~ `j Cnmht ekg d`chnmghqhmghmwl~ w` weh tkch d`mdlxtn`m6

hmekmdhg nmtwnwxwn`mklnthg t`lxwn mt,txde kt chdekmntct w` wrkdh mkwxrklrht`xrdh `rninmt, yhrh rh{xnrhg-

Weh Cnmntwr~ `j Cnmht kmg DHHDyhrh klrhkg~ thhbnmi yk~t w` ghzhl`q

k dhrwnjndkwn`m t~twhc, oxw nw ck~ ekzhohhm t`chyekw qrhckwxrh j`r weh

`jjndnklt j weh wrkmtnwn`mkl i`zhrmchmw

tnmdh weh cnmhrkl ghq`tnwt nm o`we M`rwekmg T`xwe Bnzx, weh hktwhrm thdwn`mt `j

Ckmnhck kmg Bkwkmik, kmg @rnhmwklhyhrh oh~`mg weh kxwe`rnw~ `j weh

i`zhrmchmw- Dxtw`ct kihmwt kw o`rghrdr`ttnmit, wku d`llhdw`rt, kmg weh jjndnklt`j weh txotngnkrnht j weh Dhmwrkl Okmb nm

weh hktwhrm qr`znmdht, kl`mi ynwe ckm~`wehr i`zhrmchmw jxmdwn`mkrnht, gng m`w

kddhqw weh wrkmtnwn`mkl i`zhrmchmwtkxwe`rnw~- Nm Oxmnk, weh l`dklehkg{xkrwhrt kmg `qhrkwn`mt `j @BNC@

yhrh wkbhm `zhr o~ weh Nwxrn rhohlt, ye`klt` w``b kll nmd`ch jr`c weh krwntkmkl

i`lg#cnmnmi tnwht tnwxkwhg `m wehqkrktwkwklt werhh exih i`lg d`mdhttn`mt-Kw weh tkch wnch, JGL_, Ck~n#Ck~n kmg

`wehr ir`xqt zhrrkm weh krwntkmkl kmg

tckll#tdklh cnmhrt qhrkwnmi ynwenm wehd`mdhttn`m krhkt `j T@BNC@- T` ye~

yhrh weh mhy jxmdwn`mkrnht nm Bnmtektknmwhrhtwhg nm ghzntnmi wrkdhkonlnw~ kmg

dhrwnjndkwn`m t~twhct0

Gxrnmi wekw qrh#hlhdwn`m dek`t, nw ykt

hznghmw wekw weh D`mi` kmg nwt mkwxrklrht`xrdh thdw`r y`xlg mhzhr jnmg qhkdh

kmg qr`tqhrnw~ xmlhtt kw lhktw wy`d`mgnwn`mt d`xlg oh jxljnllhg- Jnrtwl~,qe~tndkl thdxrnw~ nm kll qkrwt j weh D`mi`

ykt bh~- Kmg thd`mgl~, qr`qhrw~ rniewtkmg wrkgnmi chdekmntct j`r mkwxrkl

rht`xrdht ekg w` oh thdxrhg- Weh tkchd`mdhqwxkl kqqr`kde g`cnmkwhg weh XMQkmhlt kihmgk6 jnrtw c`mnw`r d`cqlnkmdh

ynwe kmg nmzhtwnikwh zn`lkwn`mt `j wehkrcthcokri`2kmgthd`mgnmzhtwnikwh

gnzhrtn`mt `j mkwxrkl rht`xrdht kmg

nmwhrgndw weh rhzhmxh twrhkct w` nllhiklkrchg ir`xqt yehmhzhr q`ttnolh-

O~ hkrl~ ?119, weh ghc`drkwnd cxlwn#

qkrw~ hlhdwn`mt ekg inzhm F`thqe Bkonlkweh qrhtnghmd~- @m 8 Jhorxkr~ ?119, gk~tohj`rh weh mhy i`zhrmchmw w``b `zhr,

weh `xwi`nmi Cnmntwhr `j Cnmht, Qr`jht#t`r Ckwwenhx Bklhlh#Bk#Onlk, tnimhgCnmntwhrnkl Ghdrhh ?814, yende lkng `xw

weh kgcnmntwrkwnzh qr`dhttht j`r weh dhr#wnjndkwn`m `j qrhdn`xt kmg thcn#qrhdn`xt

tw`mht kmg cnmhrklt- Weh mhy lky ykt

xmh{xnz`dkl6 ynwe`xw DHHD dhrwnj ndkwn`m,m` cnmhrklt `r tw`mht d`xlg oh huq`rwhg-

W` jxrwehr oxwwrhtt weh D`mi`lhth hj#j`rw, weh Ir`xq `j Huqhrwt ckgh wy` bh~

rhd`cchmgkwn`mt nm nwt mhuw rhq`rw?;-

Nw rhd`cchmghg wekw weh nmwhrmkwn`mkld`ccxmnw~ te`xlg qr`zngh jnmkmdnkl,whdemndkl kmg kgcnmntwrkwnzh txqq`rw

w` weh ncqlhchmwkwn`m `j weh D`mi`lhth

lky- Nw klt` rhd`cchmghg wekw d`cqkmnhtwekw d`xlg m`w ghc`mtwrkwh kgh{xkwh gxhgnlnihmdh qrkdwndht te`xlg oh tkmdwn`mhg-

Qkrkllhl w` went ghzhl`qchmw, Ohlinxc,weh j`rchr d`l`mnkl q`yhr, ykmwhg w`

qlk~ k lhkgnmi r`lh nm weh ghzhl`qchmwkmg ncqlhchmwkwn`m `j k mkwxrkl rht`xrdhdhrwnjndkwn`m t~twhc- K wktb j`rdh `j

Ohlinkm tqhdnklntwt ykt thw xq kmg k twxg~ir`xq ykt ohixm w` m`w `ml~ ghznth k

wrkdbnmi chwe`g`l`i~ j`r d`qqhr kmg d`#oklw, oxw klt` w` htwkolnte k Lxoxcokten#okthg d`cc`gnw~ hudekmih??- Ohlinxcykt `mh `j weh hlhdwhg chcohrt `j weh

Thdxrnw~ D`xmdnl kw weh wnch kmg xthgwent q`tnwn`m w` ghzhl`q k enie qr`jnlh `m

mkwxrkl rht`xrdh kmg d`mjlndw nttxht-?4

Tncxlwkmh`xtl~, Ohlinkm rhqrhthmwkwnzhtw` weh XM ohdkch qkrwndxlkrl~ e`twnlh w`

weh XM Ir`xq `j Huqhrwt rhd`cchmgk#wn`m w` txqq`rw weh D`mi`lhth mkwxrklrht`xrdh dhrwnjndkwn`m chdekmntct- Weh~

klt` rhfhdwhg km hjj`rw w` dlkrnj~ gxhgnlnihmdh qrnmdnqlht j`r km~`mh nmz`lzhg

ynwe weh D`mi`t mkwxrkl rht`xrdht ktyhll kt weh Ir`xqt hznghmdh j`r wehg`cnmkmw r`lh wekw Ohlinkm d`cqkmnht

qlk~hg nm D`mi`t mkwxrkl rht`xrdh wrkgh-

Ohlinxc txddhhghg nm weh te`rw#whrc nm

tw`qqnmi weh Huqhrwt hjj`rwt- E`yhzhr,wekmbt w` km nmnwnkwnzh o~ weh Ihrckmi`zhrmchmw, weh rninmkl d`mdhqw j txq#

q`rwnmi weh G_D i`zhrmchmwt dhrwnjndk#wn`m chdekmntc jnmkll~ txddhhghg-?7 Oxwnw y`xlg wkbh km`wehr werhh ~hkrt %kmg

km`wehr Qkmhl. ohj`rh weh Thdxrnw~ D`xmdnlhmg`rthg weh rhd`cchmgkwn`m w` ncq`thXM tkmdwn`mt kiknmtw km~`mh ye` d`xlg

m`w ghc`mtwrkwh kgh{xkwh gxh gnlnihmdh nmweh wrkgnmi `j cnmhrklt jr`c hktwhrm D`m#

i`- Nw y`xlg klt` wkbh km`wehr zn`lhmw d`m#

zxltn`m j weh hktw # qnwdenmi weh D`mi`lhthkrc~ %weh JK_GD. kmg weh qhkdhbhhqnmi

j`rdht j weh Cnttn`m gh l@rikmntkwn`m ghtMkwn`mt Xmnht hm _G D`mi` %C@MXD.%lkwhr C@MXTD@. kiknmtw weh rhmhikgh

D`mirt Mkwn`mkl q`xr lk Gjhmth gx Qhx#qlh %DMGQ. j`rdht xmghr Ihmhrkl Lkxrhmw

Mbxmgkokwkykrh kmg kiknmtw weh J`rdhtGc`drkwn{xht gh Lnorkwn`m gx _ykmgk

%JGL_.- Mbxmgkt wr``qt w``b d`mwr`l `jmxchr`xt cnmnmi tnwht, d`llhdwhg wkuht kmgncq`thg jhht kw ynll- Chkmyenlh, JGL_j`rdht dekllhmihg weh DMGQt irko j cnm#

nmi qr`qhrwnht kmg rhzhmxht- Ck~n#Ck~ncnlnwnk j`rdht kmg dhrwknm JK_GD xmnwt qnl#

lkihg, l``whg kmg rkqhg ynwe h{xkl jhr`dnw~-Nm weh wy`#~hkr#l`mi twrxiilh, exmgrhgt jwe`xtkmgt `j D`mi`lhth jlhg kmg l`tw wehnr

ohl`minmit, we`xtkmgt yhrh bnllhg, kmgxmw`lg mxcohrt `j inrlt kmg y`chm yhrh

rkqhg- Jnmkll~, kt qkrw `j Xc`fk Yhwx,?8

_ykmgkm cnlnwkr~ j`rdht krrhtwhg Mbxmgknm Fkmxkr~ ?11>- Mbxmgkt DMGQ j`rdhtyhrh wehm nmwhirkwhg nmw` weh JK_GD

xmghr weh lhkghrtenq j Ihmhrkl O`td`Mwkikmgk km`wehr ykrl`rg ye` ekt ohhm

dekrihg ynwe ykr drncht o~ weh Nmwhrmk#

wn`mkl Drncnmkl D`xrw-

Tnmdh wekw lktw ckf`r ykr, krchgd`mjr`mwkwn`mt ekzh d`mtntwhg `j jniewnmiokmgt `j thzhrhl~ gncnmntehg JGL_,

Ck~n#Ck~n kmg mhyl~ j`rchg ir`xqt-Wekmbjxll~, wehth cnlnwkr~ `qhrkwn mt

ekzh c`twl~ ohhm rhgxdhg w` l`dkl kmgte`rw#whrc jniewt, ynwe dktxklw~ mxcohrtgntwnmdwl~ l`yhr wekm kw km~ `wehr wnch

gxrnmi weh qktw ;8 ~hkrt-

;4D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg


16/52

gxh gnlnIhmDh q`lnwnDt ` qrhtnghmw bkonlk

Yenlh weh XM Thdxrnw~ D`xmdnl hcorkdhg gxh gnlnihmdh qrnmdnqklt j`r dhrwknmcnmhrklt `rninmkwnmi nm hktwhrm G_D ynwe rht`lxwn`mt ;>8? %?1;1. kmg ?1?; %?1;;., weh

XT D`mirhtt qrhqkrhg nwt D`mjlndw Cnmhrklt Onll- Went chktxrh nt ghtnimhg w` j`rdhd`cqkmnht ynwe THD rhq`rwnmi òlnikwn mt?: w` gntdl`th w` weh qxolnd nj weh~ ncq`rw kmgxth d`lwkm %d`lxconmh#wkmwklnwh., dkttnwhrnwh, y`ljrkcnwh kmg i`lg jr`c hktwhrm G_D-

Weh onll ykt nmd`rq`rkwhg nmw` weh G`gg Jrkmb Onll xmghr thdwn`m ;81? kmg tnimhgnmw` lky o~ Qrhtnghmw @okck `m ?; Fxl~ ?1;1- Oxw nwt jnmkl ncqlhchmwkwn`m rxlht yhrh`ml~ kqqr`zhg o~ weh THD nm Kxixtw ?1;? kjwhr k lhmiwe~ okwwlh ohwyhhm kdwnzntwt kmg

kjjhdwhg nmgxtwr~ ir`xqt kmg lòo~ntwt-

E`yhzhr, hzhm ynwe`xw nwt kqqlndkwn`m weh @okck Lky ekg km ncqkdw ynwenm k jhy

c`mwet j ent tnimnmi nw- Qrhtnghmw Bkonlk w``b kgzkmwkih j weh ilòkl kwwhmwn`m kmg`m ?1 Thqwhcohr ?1;1 tnimhg Ghdrhh 918 txtqhmgnmi cnmhrkl huq`rwt, klwe`xie ml~

jr`c T`xwe kmg M`rwe Bnzx kmg Ckmnhck- @m weh tkch gk~, eh klt` tnimhg Ghdrhh 91:,lntwnmi weh j`ll`ynmi rh{xnrhchmwt j`r D`mi`lhth nmtwnwxwn`mt w` jxlj nl ohj`rh eh y`xlg

lnjw weh huq`rw txtqhmtn`m klwe`xie m`mh j wehth rh{xnrhchmwt kqqhkr w` ekzh ohhmjxljnllhg yehm eh lnjwhg weh txtqhmtn`mtnu c`mwet lkwhr ynwe`xw km~ huqlkmkwn`m6?9

TKHTTDKCkmgweh

Cnmntwr~`jCnmhtcxtw6

;- Ghql`~ wehnr kihmwt kl`mi weh hmwnrh

deknm ohinmmnmi ynwe weh q`nmw `

`rninm w` weh q`nmw ` rhmnmi2

?- Nghmwn~ krwntkmkl cnmhrt kmg

wehnr d``qhrkwnzht, kmg zhrn~

wekw weh~ `qhrkwh lhikll~2

4- Qr`q`th, wìhwehr ynwe weh cnmnmi

dkgktwhr, mhy krwntkmkl cnmnmi v`mht27- Kttntw krwntkmkl cnmhrt w` rh`rikmnth

nmw` cnmnmi d``qhrkwnzht2

8- D`cqlhwh weh htwkolntechmw `

Dhmwrh gh Mhi`dh?52 kmg,

:- Htwkolnte, wìhwehr ynwe

nmwhrmkwn`mkl qkrwmhrt, k ckq

` krwntkmkl cnmnmi tnwht-

WehCnmnmiDkgktwhrkmgweh

Gnrhdw`rkwh`jCnmhtcxtw6

;- Ghql`~ `dhrt nm weh werhh qr`znmdht2

?- Txtqhmg kll rhintwr~ hukcnmkwn`mt

` dxrrhmw kqqlndkwn`mt nm

weh werhh qr`znmdht2

4- Dl`th kqqlndkwn`m qr`dhtt `r km~ mhy

rhintwrkwn`m nm weh werhh qr`znmdht2

7- Hukcnmh, nm d`llko`rkwn`m ynwe weh

cnmnmi thrzndht, yehwehr kmg

e`y hjhdwnzhl~ weh ghzhl`qchmwkmg d`mtwrxdwn`m ` cnmnmi

qr`fhdwt nt qr`dhhgnmi kmg rhq`rw

w` weh Cnmntwhr ` Cnmht m` lkwhr

wekm ;1 @dwòhr ?1;12 kmg,

8- Nmnwnkwh `rhnwxrh ` kll e`lghrt `

cnmnmi wnwlht ye` krh nm ghkxlw,

rhikrglhtt ` wehnr tnwxkwn`m-

WehDHHDcxtw6

;- _hnm`rdh h`rwt kw kll lhzhlt nm weh

niew kiknmtw rkxg kmg tcxiilnmi `

cnmnmi qr`gxdwt-

Wehwerhhqr`nmdnkli`hrmchmwtcxtw6

;- Hmtxrh wekw m` cnmhrklt ynll c`zh

gxrnmi weh txtqhmtn`m qhrn`g2

?- Hmtxrh wekw cnmnmi thrzndht krh

rhkg~ w` ncqlhchmw kmg ckmkih

kll chktxrht ` weh ghdrhh2

4- Hmtxrh weh hhdwnzh ghql`~chmw

` weh whdemndkl thrzndht `

weh Cnmntwhr Cnmht2

7- Nghmwn~ kll krwntkmkl cnmhrt,

wrkghrt, huq`rwhrt, qr`dhttnmi

kmg rhmnmi kdnlnwnht, kt yhll kt

hmwnwnht ynwe cnmnmi qhrcnwt2

8- Nghmwn~ kll krwntkmkl kmg`wehr cnmnmi tnwht2

:- _h{xnrh kdd`xmwkonlnw~ kmg zhrn~

weh hznghmdh `r qk~chmw ` wkuht

wekw yhrh gxh o~ ; Fkmxkr~ ?1;1

kw weh qlkdh ` `qhrkwn`m ` weh

wrkghrt kmg huq`rwhrt, kmg rhznhy kll

nm`rckwn`m ko`xw weh `rninm ` weh

xmgt wekw krh xthg w` ox~ cnmhrklt2

9- Zhrn~ yehwehr xmgt yhrhkqqr`qrnkwhl~ rhqkwrnkwhg kwhr cnmhrklt

yhrh huq`rwhg tnmdh ; Fkmxkr~ ?1;12

5- D`#`rgnmkwh weh i`zhrmchmw

kxwe`rnwnht nm weh iew kiknmtw

rkxg nm weh cnmnmi nmgxtwr~2

>- Hmd`xrkih qhrcnw e`lghrt w`

twk~ `m tdehgxlh ynwe wehnr

ghzhl`qchmw kmg d`mtwrxdwn`m2

;1- Kqql~ tkmdwn`mt nm kdd`rgkmdh ynwe weh

lky kiknmtw km~o`g~ ye` d`mwrkzhmht

weh gntq`tnwn`mt ` weh ghdrhh2

;;- @rikmnth k xmg `r weh rhklntkwn`m

` oktnd nmrktwrxdwxrh2 kmg,

;?- Qr`zngh, ynwenm 41 gk~t r`c weh

ghdrhh hmwhrnmi nmw` `rdh, km

hzklxkwn`m ` txqhrzntn`m chktxrht

ynwe k znhy w`ykrgt weh hzhmwxkl

lnwnmi ` weh txtqhmtn`m-

;7 D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg


17/52

Weh TK_Y rhthkrde j`xmg m` hznghmdh wekw km~ j weh

rh{xnrhchmwt lntwhg nm Ghdrhh 91: ekg ohhm jxlj nllhg- YenlhTK_Y gng m`w t~twhckwndkll~ rhthkrde weh qrhdnth ghwknlt jweh txtqhmtn`m `rghr, nw gng d`llhdw kmhdg`wkl hznghmdh- J`rhukcqlh, Denmhth ox~hrt d`mwnmxhg w` huq`rw dkttnwhrnwh, d`lwkm

kmg y`ljrkcnwh wer`xie`xw weh txtqhmtn`m?> kmg gng t` kwirhkw qr`jnw- Kdd`rgnmi w` ox~hrt nm I`ck kmg Oxbkzx, ye`konghg o~ weh txtqhmtn`m ghdrhh, ox~hrt jr`c WWW Cnmnmi kmg

Exk~nmi Wrkgnmi huql`nwhg weh ir`ynmi ghtqhrkwn`m j krwntkmkldkttnwhrnwh cnmhrt, ye` yhrh kjrkng j l`tnmi wehnr lnzhlne``gt

kmg yhrh ynllnmi w` thll wehnr qr`gxdw kw tnimnjndkmw gntd`xmwt %`jxq w` 51 qhrdhmw d`cqkrhg w` y`rlg ckrbhw zklxkwn`mt.-

TK_Y ekt j`xmg m` hznghmdh `j k tw`qqkih nm i`lg qr`gxdwn`mkmg huq`rw- Tnmdh klc`tw kll i`lg twnll lhkzht weh G_D nllhikll~,

nw ykt qrhgndwkolh wekw i`lg huq`rwhrt y`xlg nim`rh QrhtnghmwBkonlkt txtqhmtn`m, klwe`xie krwntkmkl i`lg cnmhrt dkch xmghrtnimnjndkmw qrndh qrhttxrht %l`tnmi `m kzhrkih ?1#?8 qhrdhmw

d`cqkrhg w` wehnr m`rckl thllnmi qrndh.-

Qrhtnghmw Bkonlkt ghdrhh kqqhkrt w` txjjhr jr`c weh tkch

yhkbmhtt kt weh @okck Lky- O`we dkm oh dekrkdwhrnthg ktohnmi `zhrl~ kconwn`xt kmg w`` jkr rhc`zhg jr`c weh rhklnwnht

`m weh ir`xmg- O`w e lkyt ekzh ghlnzhrhg lnwwlh ncqr`zhchmwj`r krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmnmi d`ccxmnwnht- WehXT D`mjlndw Cnmhrklt lky txjjhrt jr`c weh kggnwn`mkl

qr`olhc wekw weh THD `ml~ `qhrkwn`mklnvhg nwt kqqlndkwn`mnm Kxixtw ?1;?- Xmwnl weh lky nt qr`qhrl~ ncqlhchmwhg

kmg hmj`rdhg, km~ q`ttnolh ncqkdw nt okthg `m z`lxmwkr~d`cqlnkmdh o~ nmgnzngxkl d`cqkmnht-

E`qht j`r weh hzhmwxkl txddhtt `j weh lky krh m`w enie-

Denmhth ox~hrt kmg ckmxjkdwxrhrt ekzh k lrhkg~ ckgh nwkoxmgkmwl~ dlhkr o~ wehnr kdwn`mt wekw weh~ ynll m`w j`ll`ykm~ gxh gnlnihmdh- Weh jr`mw nt klrhkg~ drxcolnmi- TK_Y

nt kykrh `j k mxcohr `j `wehr ckf`r ox~hrt `j dkttnwhrnwh,d`lwkm, y`ljrkcnwh, kmg i`lg ye` ynll m`w yknw cxde l`mihr

ohj`rh weh~ twkrw ox~nmi kmg huq`rwn mi kt yhll- Wehnrrhkt`mnmi nt d`cqhllnmi6 nj weh XT D`mjlndw Cnmhrklt Lky`ml~ drhkwht d`cqhwnwnzh kgzkmwkiht j`r we`th ye` dkm

kjj`rg m`w w` d`cql~, weh ckrbhw nt g ntw`rwhg kmg weh lky nt

m`w txtwknmkolh-

Wehrh krh `wehr qkrkllhlt ohwyhhm Qrhtnghmw Bkonlkt nll#jkwhgtxtqhmtn`m kmg weh XT D`mjlndw Cnmhrklt Lky- @zhr weh qktw

;8 ~hkrt, weh d~dlht `j zn`lhmdh ekzh rhqhkwhgl~ ghc`mtwrkwhgwekw weh d`mwr`l `j cnmnmi tnwht nt mhzhr twkwnd- @mh c`mwek tnwh nt `ddxqnhg `r huql`nwhg o~ k cnlnwnk, weh mhuw nw nt

lnohrkwhg o~ rhmhikgh JK_GD j`rdht wekw k ll`y i`zhrmchmwkgcnmntwrkw`rt w` g` wehnr y`rb- Nm km`wehr c`mwe, m` krchg

ir`xqt krh qrhthmw kw kll, oxw i`zhrmchmw kihmwt twkrw w`huql`nw weh krwntkmkl cnmhrt- Weh q`ttnolh hudhqwn`m w` wentqkwwhrm nt Yklnbklh nm M`rwe Bnzx- Tnmdh weh ohinmmnmi `j weh

d`lwkm o``c nm weh lkwh ;>>1t nw ekt klyk~t ohhm `ddxqnhgo~ `mh `r km`wehr nllhikll~ krchg ir`xq- Txddhttjxll~

ncqlhchmwnmi weh D`mjlndw Cnmhrklt Lky `r jxljnllnmi wehrh{xnrhchmwt thw j`rwe nm weh txtqhmtn`m ghdrhh rh{xnrhtkddxrkwh, txtwknmhg kmg xq#w`#gkwh c`mnw`rnmi `j weh tnwxkwn`m

nm kll cnmnmi rhin`mt kw kll wncht- M` `mh ekt km~ nllxtn`mt wekwweh G_D i`zhrmchmw nt dxrrhmwl~ lnznmi `r nmghhg dkm lnzh

xq w` went rhtq`mtnonlnw~-

D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg ;8

Denmhth ox~hrt D`mwnmxhg

w` huq`rw Dkttnwhrnwh,D`lwkm kmg y`ljrkcnwh

wer`xie`xw weh txtqhmtn`m

kmg gng t` kw irhkw qr`jnw-


18/52

;: D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg


19/52

k y`rlg kqkrW6huql`nWkWn`m kmg WrkghD`mgnWn`mt nm cnmnmi tnWht

m`rwe bnzx qr`znmDh

Yenlh i`lg ghq`tnwt nm M`rwe Bnzx rhdhnzh

kr lhtt nmwhrmkwn`mkl kwwhmwn`m wekm

weh qr`znmdht wnm, dkttnwhrnwh, d`lwkm

`r y`lrkcnwh cnmnmi, krwntkmkl i`lgqr`gxdwn`m nt mhzhrwehlhtt k txotwkmwnkl

d`mwrnoxw`r w` weh l`dkl hd`m`c~- L`dkwhg

ohwyhhm weh Bnl` C`w` i`lg ohlw nm

@rnhmwklh kmg weh Wykminvk#Mkc`~k i`lg

ohlw nm T`xwe Bnzx#Ckmnhck, wehrh krh

kqqrùnckwhl~ ;? rhin`mt ynwe krwntkmkl

kmg tckll#tdklh i`lg#cnmnmi nm M`rwe

Bnzx Yklnbklh, Cktntn, Lxwxmixrx,

Ckmvnk#Lxe`l~#Lxohrhrn, Cèkmik,Lxmgfxlx#L`nbn#Xonr`, Lxohr`, Ckbyktx,

w``lt, D`mtxchr I``gt, ``gtwxt I`ck ckmIxrhgfnqk cxmxmvh yklnbklh

Lkrihdenthl ;4 811 JD ?? 811 JD ;5 111 JD

Ekmgdenthl XT';:?1 m/k m/k XT';:?8

Ekcchr XT'8;1 m/k m/k XT';1;4

Ckllhw;1Bnl` ?1 111 JD ?8 111 JD ?8 111 JD m/k

Tqkgh 7 811 JD : 111 JD 7 111 JD > 111 JD

W`rde`rktelniew ; ?11 ; 511 JD ? 911 JD ? 111 JD ? 111 JD

?tckllokwwhrnht ?11 JD 711 JD 781 JD 411 JD

?lkrihokwwhrnht 711 811 JD >11 JD :11 JD 811 JD

;qknr`jo``wt XT';1 XT';1 m/k XT';:

;o`wwlh`jJkmwk 811 JD ; 111 JD 811 JD ; 111 JD

;o`wwlh`jQrncxt%ohhr. ; 411 ; 811 JD ? 111 JD ? 111 JD ? 111 JD

;o`wwlh`jCxwni%ohhr. ; 711 ; 511 JD m/k ? 111 JD ? 411 JD

;chktxrh`jrndh ; 111 ; 811 JD 711 JD m/k :11 JD

;chktxrh`jckmn`d`yhr 711 811 JD m/k m/k :11 JD

;tklwhgte ;111#?111 JD : 111 JD 7 111 JD ;811#4111 JD

;chktxrh`jirhhmohkmt >11 ; 111 JD ; 811 JD ; 111 JD ; ?11 JD

;ilktt`jl`dklorkmg~ :11 JD ; ?11 JD ? 111 JD m/k

ykzht `j cnlnwnkt kmg okmgnwt rhqhkwhgl~gntqlkdhg ckm~ cnmhrt, j`rdnmi wehc

nmw` k m`ckgnd lnjhtw~lh kmg qxtenmi

wehc lkrihl~ `xwtngh weh rhkde `jwrkgnwn`mkl kdkghcnd twxgnht-

Weh rhlkwnzh nt`lkwn`m `j c`tw `j wehthd`ccxmnwnht, weh q``r twkwh `j weh

r`kgt, kmg wehnr d`cqlhwh ghqhmghmdh`m rhin`mkl wrkghrt, ye` ox~ wehnr i`lg

kmg thll wehc j``gtwxjjt kmg d`mtxchri``gt, d`cht kw k ehkz~ qrndh j`r

krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrt%thh wkolh ;.-

Lxwhlk %nmdlxght Ckmixrhgfnqk.,

Onkoxmh#L`~k kmg Onl`l`#Cònttn`#

Kokbxktnco`- Xq w` m`y, zhr~ lncnwhg

huql`rkwn`m ekt ohhm d`mgxdwhg kw wehthl`dkwn`mt kqkrw r`c weh qr`tqhdwnmi kmg

thcn#nmgxtwrnkl huql`nwkwn`m wekw ykt

d`mgxdwhg o~ k Ohlinkm d`l`mnkl d`cqkm~

kw Ckmixrhgfnqk-

M`rwe Bnzxt krwntkmkl i`lg#cnmnmi

d`ccxmnwnht, yende krh tckll kmggntqhrthg d`cqkrhg w` we`th nm Nwxrn,

ekzh ohhm xmghr ehkz~ qrhttxrh gxrnmiweh qktw ;8 ~hkrt `j zn`lhmdh- Txddhttnzh

Wkolh ;6_hwknl qrndht nm I`ck d`cqkrhg w` i`lg#cnmnmi w`ymt nm M`rwe Bnzx

;9D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg


20/52

ci

Ckmixrhgfnqk nt l`dkwhg nm Lxohr`Whrrnw`r~41 kmg nwt `ml~ r`kg d`mmhdwn`m

nt w` Oxwhco`, ko`xw ;11bc w` wehhktw- Ckmi xrhgfnqk nt weh dhmwrh `jtqrkylnmi i`lg#cnmnmi d`ccxmnwnht-

Thzhrkl we`xtkmg qh`qlh lnzh nmCkmixrhgfnqk, yenlh km~yehrh jr`c41,111#78,111 krh ynghl~ gntwrnoxwhg

nm weh ;1,111 t{xkrh bc `j txrr`xmgnmij`rhtwt kmg c`xmwknmt- Wehrh nt

m` kzknlkolh nmj`rckwn`m ko`xw weh

{xkmwnw~ `j i`lg wekw nt dxr rhmwl~huwrkdwhg jr`c went rhin`m-

@mh nmwhrmkwn`mkl cnmnmi d`cqkm~,

L`md`r _ht`xrdht, ekt kd{xnrhg 88qr`tqhdwnmi qhrcnwt kmg nm ?11>d`cchmdhg km huql`rkwn`m qr`irkcch

nm kmg kr`xmg weh entw`rnd huwrkdwn`mtnwht `j Ckmixrhgfnqk- Kdd`rgnmi w`

L`md`r, `zhr 411,111 `xmdht `j kllxznkli`lg kmg qlkwnmxc yhrh huwrkdwhg jr`cweh krhk xmghr weh Ohlinkm d`l`mnkl

d`cqkm~, Cnmnhrh ght Irkmgt Lkdt%CIL., ohwyhhm weh ;>?1t kmg weh ;>:1t-

Weh dxrrhmw i`lg rxte ekt wxrmhg wehwrkgnwn`mkl `rghr `j Ckmixrhgfnqk

xqtngh g`ym- Kdd`rgnmi w` weh Dehj Gh

Thdwhxr, Okwt`tn M~kcyntn, entw`rndkll~Ckmixrhgfnqk ykt weh orhkgoktbhw `j

Oxwhco` kmg `j weh Irkmg M`rg wekmbtw` lkrih rndh kmg qklc qlkmwkwn`mt-

Gxrnmi weh ykr, cnmnmi j`r d`lwkm kmglkwhr j`r i`lg qxtehg jkrcnmi klc`twd`cqlhwhl~ `xw `j went rhin`m- Weh

rhtnghmwt `j Ckmixrhgfnqk m`y ncq`rwj``gtwxjjt w` hmtxrh weh txrznzkl `j weh

rkqngl~ ir`ynmi q`qxlkwn`m- K ihmhrkle`tqnwkl, qrnckr~ kmg thd`mgkr~ tde``lt%t`ch `j wehc Dkwe`lnd tde``lt., kt

yhll kt k mxcohr `j dexrdeht thrzh wehq`qxlkwn`m rhlkwnzhl~ yhll- Tnmdh i`lg#cnmnmi ohdkch weh g`cnmkmw kdwnznw~

`j ckm~ we`xtkmgt `j qh`qlh nm wentkrhk, TKHTTDKC, weh Qr`znmdnkl Cnm#

nmi Gnzntn`m, weh cnmnmi q`lndh, Mkwn`mklNmwhllnihmdh Kihmd~ %KM_. kmg JK_GD

ekzh krrnzhg w``-

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TK_Y j`dxthg nwt c`mnw`rnmi m

werhh {xkrrnht6 Okbhlh, O~kcxmix kmgOndekbxdekbx kll `j wehc l`dkwhg ynwenm

;8bc j weh dhmwrh j Ckmixrhgfnqk- Nm

kggnwn`m w` nmwhrznhyt ynwe krwntkmklgniihrt, dkrrnhrt, drxtehrt, yktehrt kmg

qkmmhrt, weh TK_Y rhthkrdehrt klt`wklbhg ynwe i`lg wrkghrt, l`dkl txqqlnhrt

`j j``gtwxjjt, rhqrhthmwkwnzht `j wehQr`znmdnkl Cnmnmi Gnzntn`m, weh cnmnmiq`lndh, cnlnwkr~ nmwhllnihmdh, weh ehkg

`j weh l`dkl chgndkl thrzndht, Dkwe`lndqrnhtwt, kmg wehr rhlnin`xt lhkghrt-

Dehj gh Thdwhxr4; Okwt`tn M~ykcyntn%k rhdhmw krrnzkl nm Ckmixrhgfnqk. klt`

kttntwhg ynwe nmj`rckwn`m- Wehrh ykt m`rhqrhthmwkwnzh j TKHTTDKC kzknlkolhnm Ckmixrhgfnqk gxrnmi weh wnch wekw weh

TK_Y rhthkrdehrt y`rbhg wehrh-

Xmwnl zhr~ rhdhmwl~, weh whmt `jwe`xtkmgt `j cnmhrt y`rbnmi nm kmg

kr`xmg Ckmixrhgfnqk `qhrkwhg ynwe`xwqr`whdwn`m jr`c weh JK_GD `r `wehrtwkwh thdxrnw~- Ck~n#Ck~n ir`xqt y`xlgqhrn`gndkll~ d`ch w` Ckmixrhgfnqk kmg

gntwxro xt kt `mh krwntkmkl gniihrqxw nw oxw kll krwntkmkl cnmhrt rhq`rwhg

wekw weh werhkw `j cnlnwnk kwwkdbt ektgncnmntehg tnimnj ndkmwl~- @ml~ weh Dehjgh Thdwhxr ykrmhg wekw eh ekg rhq`rwt

`j Ck~n#Ck~n ir`xqt d`mwr`llnmi t`ch`xwl~nmi cnmnmi tnwht, yende krh thzhrkl

gk~t ckrde w` weh yhtw `j Ckmixrhgfnqk-Weh w`ym nt m`y qr`whdwhg o~ k rhdhmwl~#ghql`~hg JK_GD rhinchmw- Yehm w eh~

krrnzhg weh~ ekg m` txqqlnht yekwt`hzhr,m`r c`mh~ w` ox~ j``g `r tehlwhr,

huqlknmhg M~ykcyntn- N ekg w` i`kr`xmg w`ym kmg ohi j`r j``g j`r 411t`lgnhrt kmg `jjndhrt- Wer`xie`xw weh

TK_Y rhthkrde qhrn`g nm Ckmixrhgfnqk,wehrh yhrh m` tnimt `j d`mjr`mwkwn`mt

ynwe krchg i r`xqt- E`yhzhr, `m wehrhwxrm w` Oxwhco`, k te`rw jnrh j niewohwyhhm k JK_GD qkwr`l kmg k tckll

ir`xq `j d`cokwkmwt ol`dbhg weh r`kgj`r thzhrkl e`xrt- Weh nghmwnw~ `r

kjjnlnkwn`m `j weh d`cokwkmwt d`xlg m`woh dlkrnjnhg, kt weh~ rhwrhkwhg ynwe`xw

wkbnmi km~ dktxklwnht-

;5 D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg


21/52


22/52

_`kgt krh weh qrnmdnqkl hmwr~ q`nmw j`r kll d`mtxchr qr`g#xdwt j`r weh whmt j we`xtkmgt j nmekonwkmwt j weh rhin`m-

Nm hudekmih j`r wehth txqqlnht, rky cnmhrklt ynwe k zklxh `jexmgrhgt `j cnlln`mt `j g`llkrt krh huq`rwhg w` weh rhin`mkl

wrkgnmi dhmwrht- C`tw `j wehth cnmhrklt krh ghlnzhrhg nm tkdbtkjwhr krgx`xt 81bc yklbt wer`xie tykcq~ j`rhtw jr`c wehwnm#ùngh %dkttnwhrnwh. kmg y`ljrkcnwh ghq`tnwt `j Ontnh, kmg

jr`c wehr krwntkmkl cnmnmi tnwht-

Weh ckttnzh yhklwe ihmhrkwhg o~ weh nmj`rckl cnm nmi

nmgxtwr~ kmg weh xon{xnw~ `j rhohlt kmg d`rrxqw JK_GDt`lgnhrt, ye` nllhikll~ huql`nw weh cnmnmi d`ccxmnwnht,

ekt ckgh Yklnbklh weh c`tw qxolndnthg hukcqlh `j k

d`mjlndw#cnmhrkl v`mh ynwe i``g fxt wnjndkwn`m- J`ll`ynmiol``g~ d`mwhtwt ohwyhhm _DG#I`ck, JGL_ kmg Ck~n#

Ck~n xq w` ?117, Yklnbklh, weh dkttnwhrnwh txqql~ lnmht,kmg Ontnh hmghg xq xmghr weh d`mwr`l `j weh rhmhikgh kmg

xmnmwhirkwhg 58we JK_GD ornikgh-

@m kzhrkih yh ekzh w` jlhh jr`c krchg kwwkdbt hzhr~

tnu c`mwet- Went nmthdxrnw~ ekt mhzhr dekmihg tnmdh yhtwkrwhg i`lg#cnmnmi ehrh, huqlknmhg Mhlt`m Cxvhck,

km krwntk mkl i`lg cnmhr nmwhrznhyhg kw weh Ykm~krxbxlkcnmnmi tnwh mhkr @tt` dhmwrh- Yh ekzh ohd`ch m`ckgtoxw ynwe lncnwhg tqkdht w` c`zh w`- Weh t`xwehrm

qkrw `j weh Yklnbklh rhin`m nt xmghr weh d`mwr`l `j wehi`zhrmchmw, oxw weh m`rwe `j w eh whrrnw`r~ nt d`mwr`llhgo~ weh JGL_- Xmwnl zhr~ rhdhmwl~, Ontnh, @ckwh kmg

Cxwdehlh yhrh xmghr weh d`mwr`l `j weh Mgxck GhjhmthJ`rdh ohwwhr b m`ym kt Ck~n#Ck~n Tehbk, j`rchg o~

Mwko` Mwkohrn Tehbk- Xmwnl k jhy ~hkrt ki` Tehbk ykt

weh ckmkihr `j weh Ir`xqh Cnmnhr Okmikmgxlk %ICO., kir`xq htwkolntehg o~ lhkgnmi oxtnmhtt jkcnlnht jr`c I`ck

ye` znhg j`r d`mwr`l `zhr weh cnmnmi d`mdhttn`mt `j Ontnh-E`yhzhr, DKCN ekg irkmwhg huql`rkwn`m qhrcnwt j`r

wehth ghq`tnwt w` Cnmnmi kmg Qr`dhttnmi D`mi` %CQD., kd`cqkm~ d`mwr llhg o~ T`xwe Kj rndkm nmzhtw`rt- Nm Ckrde?1;;, CQD t`lg 91 qhrdhmw `j nwt ktthwt w` w eh Dkmkgnkm

d`cqkm~ Klqekcnm _ht`xrdht D`rq, yende ekt m`ynmtwkllhg nwt `ym ckmkihchmw- Kdd`rgnmi w` ixkrkmwhht

inzhm gnrhdwl~ o~ Qrhtnghmw Bkonlk w` CQD nm ?11>, kllJK_GD xmnwt y`xlg lhkzh Ontnh o~ cng#Fxmh ?11>44- Went

ixkrkmwhh `ml~ hco`lghmhg Tehbk kmg `wehrt w` c`zh nmkiknm `m weh rnde cnmnmi rhin`mt-

J`r i`lg cnmhrt kmg wrkghrt, weh thdxrnw~ qr`znghg o~lhinwnckwh JK_GD wr``qt ekt nwt qrndh- Yh krh rh{xnrhgw` qk~ kw lhktw ;111 JD j`r hkde irkc `j i`lg yh qr`gxdh,

huqlknmhg Mhlt`m Cxvhck, yende nt weh d`tw `j bhhqnmi weht`lgnhrt nm Ykm~krxbxlk jrnhmgl~- Nj yh qr`gxdh irhkwhr

{xkmwnwnht, weh~ wkbh `mh wyhmwnhwe `j `xr nmd`ch-

Nm weh Yklnbklh rhin`m ynghl~ bm`ym j`r nwt rnde dkttnwhrnwh

cnmht i`lg nt km kwwrkdwnzh ehgih gxrnmi wncht yehmdkttnwhrnwh kmg y`ljrkcnwh jhwde lhtt lxdrkwnzh qrndht `m wehy`rlg ckrbhwt- Weh TK_Y rhthkrde j`dxthg `m weh i`lg#

cnmnmi tnwht `j Vxk Ngh, @ckwh, Cxdehlh, Ckwxmix kmgBnmwtncok- Nm kll j wehth tnwht, TK_Y j`xmg wekw krw ntkmkl

i`lg cnmhrt krh txofhdw w` d`mtnghrkolh zn`lhmdh, huw`rwn`mkmg hd`m`cnd ekrgtenq-

Weh lkdb `j drhgnolh i`zhrmchmw kxwe`rnw~ nt kiirkzkwhgo~ weh xmrhlnkolh `r qrhgkw`r~ ohekzn`xr `j nwt kihmwt- @m`xr tnwh wehrh krh m` `jjndnklt `j weh Q r`znmdnkl Cnmnmi

Gnzntn`m, twkwhg Jkxtwnm K rwexr Onmi`coh, k cnmhr ye`

nt klt` gnrhdw`r `j k tckll d`cqkm~ nm Ykm~krxbxlk- Weh~d`ch o~ j`r nmtqhdwn`mt, dlkrnjnhg ent d`llhkixh LncxQkq~, weh denhj `j weh Hw`nlh D`cqkm~ kw Vxk Ngh- Hzhr~wnch wehth i`zhrmchmw kihmwt krh zntnwnmi xt, yh ekzh w`

krrkmih j`r k qr`qhr rhdhqwn`m- Yh ekzh w` e`tw wehc ynw ek chkl kmg qr`zngh wrkmtq`rwkwn`m j`r wehc- Kll `j went

d`twt k l`w `j c`mh~-

J`r Wtenykrk Okfxmgk, ye` y`rbt nm Vxk Ngh, weh r`lh `j

weh TKHTTDKC kihmwt nt k c~twhr~6 Yh krh m`w kykrh yekwwehnr r`lh nt, kmg yh ekzh mhzhr rhdhnzhg km~ kttntwkmdh `rd`mwrnoxwn`mt jr`c wehc- Vho` Ckbhmgk Nvh ye` y`rbt

ynwe weh LB tckll#tdklh cnmnmi `qhrkwn`m nm Vxk Nghd`mjnrchg6 TKHTTDKC ekt mhzhr inzhm xt km~ bnmg j

wrknmnmi- Oklkinvn Oxwx twkwhg olxmwl~6 Weh i`zhrmchmwrhqrhthmwkwnzht krh huw`rwnmi xt ynwe hkde tklh `j i`lg-

@mh `j weh qròlhct wekw qlkixh weh l`dkl i`lg wrkgnmi

d`ccxmnwnht nt weh nmdrhktnmi dnrdxlkwn`m `j jkbh i`lg kmgweh nmkonlnw~ `j i`zhrmchmw kihmwt w` nmwhrzhmh kiknmtwwent hchrinmi drncnmkl hlhchmw- Wehrh krh tnimnjndkmw{xkmwnwnht dnrdxlkwnmi, huqlknmhg Co`b` Bkqxm~`lk

_kqekl, ehkg `j Nt`l ght Cnmht nm Yklnbklh- Nw nt xtxkll~`jjhrhg j`r kr`xmg 41,111 JD yehm rhkl i`lg i`ht j`r xq w`

:1,111 JD qhr irkc-

Jrkxgxlhmw i`lg tdklht krh km`wehr ynghtqrhkg drncnmkl ql`~

wekw dxwt nmw` weh nmd`ch `j cnmhrt kmg wrkghrt- Lyko`tenDenrkik, k tckll i`lg wrkghr okthg nm Yklnbklh dhmwrhhuqlknmhg6 Yh ekzh irhkw gnjjndxlwnht w` ckbh hmgt chhw-

T`che`y nm Oxbkzx, yehrh yh thll `xr i`lg, weh~ thhc wèkzh c`rh hukdw i`lg tdklht- @mdh weh wrkghrt jr`c Yklnbklh

krrnzh wehrh, weh~ klyk~t hmg xq ynwe lhtt i`lg wekm yekwweh~ ekg yhniehg nm Yklnbklh- Yh l`th hzhr~ wnch yh i` wÒxbkzx, tkng Denrkik- Kw weh tkch wnch weh~ ekzh w` ykwde

`xw wekw wehnr oxtnmhtt nt d`mgxdwhg yehm weh i`zhrmchmwkihmwt krh m`w kr`xmg-Nw d`twt xt w`` cxde c`mh~ yehm

weh~ krh qrhthmw kmg ghckmg wehnr tekrh-

D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg?1


23/52

t`xwe bnzx qr`znmDh

Weh thd`mg#rndehtw i`lg ghq`tnw nm weh G_D, weh Wykminvk#Mkc`~k i`lg ohlw wekw dxwt

kdr`tt T`xwe Bnzx nm km hktw#yhtw gnrhdwn`m, nt klt` mh weh tqkdht yehrh weh mhuxt

d`mndw kmg i`lg ekt k qkrwndxlkrl~ l`mi entw`r~- Krchg ir`xqt `qhrkwhg r`c weh Nw`coyh_kmih gxrnmi ?8 ~hkrt ` qhrqhwxkl rhohlln`m kiknmtw Còxw`- Nw nt klt` weh rninmkl rhxih

` weh Okm~kcxlhmih,47 ye` yhrh mh weh dkwkl~twt `r weh D`mi`lhth ykrt- Went nt weh

rtw rhin`m wekw nt m weh zhrih c`znmi r`c ckm~ ~hkrt nm`rckl i`lg#cnmnmi nmw`

nmgxtwrnkl qr`gxdwn`m- Nm @dwòhr ?1;;, weh Dkmkgnkm#ckmkihg Okmr` D`rq`rkwn`m twkrwhg

w` qr`gxdh i`lg kw nwt Wykminvk cnmnmi tnwh- @wehr tnwht kr`xmg Lxixteyk kmg Bkcnwxik

krh m`y xmghr ghzhl`qchmw kmg ynll d`cchmdh qr`gxdwn`m nm weh d`cnmi ~hkrt- Nmgxtwrnkl

i`lg qr`gxdwn`m nt huqhdwhg w` ornmi kggnwn`mkl rhzhmxht w` weh qh`qlh T`xwe Bnzx-

ynwe M`rwe Bnzx, weh qr`znmdh nt g`wwhgynwe txrznznmi xmnwt `j JGL_ kmg Ck~n#

Ck~n- Nm rhdhmw ~hkrt, Exwxt ye` okmghgwìhwehr nm JGL_ xmnwt ekzh d`ch xmghrkwwkdb nm txddhttnzh cnlnwkr~ `qhrkwn`mt,

twkrwnmi ynwe Xc`fk Yhwx nm ?11>, k f`nmwD`mi`#_ykmgk cnlnwkr~ `jjhmtnzh, kmg

Bncnk NN wekw ykt kttntwhg o~ C@MXD-

Yenlh weh JGL_ krh m`y jrkdwxrhg kmgghdnckwhg, weh~ krh twnll k ghtwkonlntnmi

jkdw`r kt weh lktw ckf`r d`mjr`mwkwn`m nmTekoxmgk qr`znmdh %M`zhcohr#Ghdhcohr

?1;;. ghc mtwrkwhg- Kmg r`kcnmi JGL_okmgt twnll werhkwhm i`lg#cnmnmi d`ccxmn#wnht, kt TK_Y lhkrmhg nm nmwhrznhyt ynwe

krwntkmkl i`lg cnmhrt nm Bklheh-

Wehrh krh ckm~ thd`mgkr~ i`lg#cnmnmitnwht nm kggnwn`m w` rnde ghq`tnwt `jdkttnwhrnwh, d`lwkm, y`ljrkcnwh, tnlzhr,d`qqhr, dòklw kmg `wehr cnmhrklt- C`tw

`j wehth ghq`tnwt %nmdlxgnmi weh i`lg m`yohnmi cnmhg o~ Okmr`. xthg w` oh qkrw `j

weh zktw Ohlinkm#Vknrnkm d`mil`chrkwhT`dnw Cnmnrh gx Bnzx %[email protected]

Gxrnmi Còxwxt Vknrnkmntkwn`m `j wehcnmnmi thdw`r, weh nmgxtwrnkl nmtwkllkwn`mtyhrh kokmg`mhg kmg huql`nwkwn`m `j wehrhin`mt ktthwt rhzhrwhg okdb w` krwntkmkl

kmg tckll#tdklh `qhrkwn`mt-

Entw`rndkll~, T`xwe Bnzx ekt tqkymhgk gnzhrtnw~ `j krchg ir`xqt- Wìhwehr

?;D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg


24/52

kmg rhin`mkl kdwnznwnht t`dnkl d`mwrnoxwn`mt wekw krh rh{xnrhg`j km~ cnmnmi d`cqkm~ o~ mkwn`mkl lkyt- Oxw Okmr` ektcntthg ncq`rwkmw qq`rwxmnwnht w` ckbh wehth d`mwrnoxwn`mt

ohwwhr bm`ym nm weh ynghr rhin`m o~ qxolntenmi rhq`rwt ko`xwnwt qlkmt kmg hjj`rwt m`w `ml~ nm Jrhmde oxw klt` nm Tykenln-

Kdd`rgnmi w` nwt c`tw rhdhmw rhlhkth, Okmr` dxrrhmwl~ ekt:47 tbnllhg hcql`~hht `j ye`c 885 krh D`mi`lhth- Km`wehr

?,:11 D`mi`lhth krh gnrhdwl~ `r nmgnrhdwl~ hcql`~hg nmweh d`mtwrxdwn`m qektht j weh zkrn`xt qr`fhdwt wekw wehd`cqkm~ nt xmghrwkbnmi nm T`xwe Bnzx kmg Ckmnhck-

Ynwe `r ynwe`xw Okmr`, weh okdbo`mh `j weh l`dkl hd`m`c~ ntcnmnmi- Kw lhktw 51 qhrdhmw `j weh q`qxlkwn`m `j weh Bkcnwxik

krhk ghqhmgt `m nmd`ch jr`c cnmnmi, htwnckwhg ChtthYkmiklxtx, ckmkihr `j k tckll#tdklh i`lg#cnmnmi `qhrkwn`m kwweh Bkokw`mi` tnwh- Weh rhcknmnmi ?1 qhrdhmw `j weh q`qxlkwn`m

nmgnrhdwl~ ghqhmg `m cnmnmi tnmdh weh~ krh weh wrkghrt ye`txqql~ weh d`ccxmnwnht-

Ynwe weh mhy rhixlkwn`m nttxhg o~ weh Cnmntwr~ j Cnmhtwekw j`rdht kll krwntkmkl cnmhrt w` rikmnth wehcthlzht nmw`

d``qhrkwnzht, weh hd`m`cnd g~mkcndt ekzh dekmihg j`r wehy`rth- _kwehr wekm rhqrhthmw kmg qr`whdw `xr nmwhrhtwt, yhm`y jnmg wekw `xr d``qhrkwnzht krh fxtw km`wehr d`tw jkdw`r wekw

ekt w` oh o`rmh o~ weh cnmhrt, huqlknmhg Chtth Ykmiklxtx-Wehth htdklkwnmi jnmkmdnkl qrhttxrht ynll tykll`y xt xq-

Weh rntnmi d`tw `j lnznmi nt wkbnmi k ehkz~ w`ll `m weh ykllhwt `jcnmhrt- W` qxw j``g `m weh wkolh j`r c~ jkcnl~ `j jnzh, N qk~ kwlhktw XT';1 qhr gk~- Hzhr~wenmi yh ox~ ehrh ekt w` oh or`xiew

nm jr`c Oxbkzx j`r yende yh qk~- Kmg ohdkxth weh r`kgt krhnm k zhr~ okg twkwh, yh krh j`rdhg w` qk~ km huwrk qrndh `m w`q `j

weh klrhkg~ eniehr d`twt j`r kll weh i``gt kmg j``gtwxjjt-

Hzhr~`mh nmwhrznhyhg wer`xie`xw weh hmwnrh krwntkmk l

cnmnmi twrxdw xrh, nmdlxgnmi weh tckll i`lg wrkghrt kmg weh

l`dkl ktt`dnkwn`mt rhqrhthmwnmi cnmhrt kmg wrkghrt, kirhht

ci/yi

Weh entw`rndkll~ qr`cnmhmw i`lg#cnmnmi dhmwrht `j Bkcnwxikkmg Lxixteyk kmg ckm~ `wehr tnwht nm weh Yklxmix kmg

Cyhmik Whrrnw`rnht wkq nmw` weh Wykminvk#Mkc`~k i`lg ohlw-Nm weh qktw, wehth tnwht yhrh cnmhg nmgxtwrnkll~ o~ T@CNMBN-Weh Okmr` `qhrkwn`mt nm Wykminvk kmg kw Mkc`~k w` weh yhtw

nm Ckmnhck Qr`znmdh krh huqhdwhg w` ~nhlg ?71,111 `v `j i`lgqhr ~hkr- Weh huqhdwhg rhzhmxh ynll jxmg huqkmtn`m d`twt kw

weh Okmr` tnwht nm Bkcnwxik kmg Lxixteyk- Weh rh{xnrhgnmzhtwchmwt ynll nmjxth exmgrhgt `j cnlln`mt `j g`llkrt nmw`weh rhin`mkl hd`m`c~ nm weh j`rc `j gnrhdw wkuht, gnznghmgt, kt

yhll kt nmgnrhdwl~ wer`xie weh d`ccnttn`m `j zkrn`xt y`rbt,

kd{xntnwn`mt kmg tklkrnht-

Yenlh weh cng#whrc qr`tqhdwt j`r weh rhin`m krh q`tnwnzh, wehte`rw#whrc qr`tqhdwt krh g`cnmkwhg o~ ynghtqrhkg jhkr j weh

d`mth{xhmdht wekw weh wrkmtnwn`m jr`c nmj`rckl w` j`rckl i`lgqr`gxdwn`m ynll ekzh j l`dkl d`ccxmnwnht- Cntnmj`rckwn`mkmg rxc`xrt ko`xmg wekw Okmr` ynll gntqlkdh hmwnrh znllkiht

kmg ghqrnzh weh D`mi`lhth j wehnr wrkgnwn`mkl rniew w` ohmhjnwjr`c wehnr lkmgt i`lg rndeht- Km~ yenwh zntnw`r w` weh rhin`m nt

m`rckll~ cntwkbhm kt km hcnttkr~ `j Okmr`, kmg ynll oh znhyhgynwe k irhkw ghkl j txtqndn`m- Weh kttxcqwn`m nt wekw Okmr`ynll irkgxkll~ gntqlkdh weh hmwnrh krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh

q`qxlkwn`m ynwenm nwt huwhmtnzh d`mdhttn mt- Kll j Bkcnwxiknt qkrw `j weh Okmr` d`mdhttn`m whrrnw`r~, huqlknmhg Cxbxqn

Oxlkco`, k cnmhr m weh Nt`cntk i`lg cnmnmi tnwh- Wehrh ntm` chdekmntc w` ixngh xt w` jrhh cnmnmi tnwht, `r nmj`rckwn`mkzknlkolh ko`xw klwhrmkwnzh krwntkmkl cnmnmi v`mht- Nmtwhkg j

ehlqnmi xt, weh i`zhrmchmw fxtw ol`dbt weh nttxkmdh `j krwntkmkl

cnmnmi qhrcnwt- Km`wehr l`dkl cnmhr, Cxlckon Bkrxokmgnbk,nt zhr~ kykrh j e`y huq`thg weh~ krh w` Okmr`t ghdntn`mt-

Hzhr~wenmi dkm dekmih jr`c mh c`chmw w` km`wehr- Yh g` m`wbm`y xr rniewt- Yh g` m`w bm`y weh qrhdnth o`xmgkrnht j weh

Okmr` d`mdhttn`m lkmg- Oxlkco` kmg ckm~ j ent d`llhkixhtjhkr wekw km~ gk~ Okmr` ynll krrnzh kmg texw wehc kll g`ym-Jr`c wnch w` wnch k Okmr` rhqrhthmwkwnzh d`cht w` rhkttxrh

xt wekw weh~ krh m`w rhkg~ w` y`rb nm xr krhk, tkng Oxlkco`-Yenlh wekw nt ehlqjxl, weh cnmhrt twnll jhkr weh nmhznwkolh gk~

yehm Okmr` ynll dekmih nwt qlkm- Nw ynll oh k irhkw wrkihg~ohdkxth yh ynll m`w oh qrhqkrhg j`r wekw gk~, kgghg Oxlcko`-

W` t`ch huwhmw wehth jhkrt krh `jjthw o~ Okmr` J`xmgkwn`mthjj`rwt, nmdlxgnmi weh oxnlgnmi `j r`kgt, weh Cxlkcon Cnttn`m

chgndkl jkdnlnw~ m`rwe j Wykminvk, weh Bnontyk qrnckr~tde``l mhkr Mkc`~k %`m weh T`xwe Bnzx tngh `j weh o`rghrynwe Ckmnhck. kmg weh Ckbklkmik Y`chmt _ht`xrdh Dhmwrh

nm Lxixteyk- Weh d`cqkm~ klt` qr`znght ykwhr#txqql~rhchgnkwn`m, txqqlnht lkwrnmht w` e`tqnwklt, oxnlgt tq`rwt

jkdnlnwnht, rhoxnlgt dexrdeht, kmg tq`mt`rt km krrk~ `j l`dkl

kw lhktw 51 qhrDhmw`j weh q`qxlkwn`m`j weh Bkcnwxikkrhk ghqhmgt `mnmD`ch jr`c cnmnmi

D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg??


25/52

Wkolh ?6 Lhikl kmg nllhikl wkuht, jhht, kmg huw`rwn`mt nm Yklxmix kmg Cyhmik

rhqrhthmwkwnzht

` krwntkmkl

cnmhrt kmg

I`lg wrkghrt

Wkukwn`m kxwe`rnw~

nw`mIyk

Cnmh ckmkihr

wenhrr~ okonmIyk

Qrhtnghmw ` weh Ktt`dnkwn`m `

Krwntkmkl Cnmhr t ` Cyhmik

kcxln cxvxmIx

Qrhtnghmw `

weh Cnmhrt `

M~kcxreklh

t`mIk nlxok

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Wrkghrt ` Bkcnwxik

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Qrhtnghmw ` weh

Ktt`dnkwn`m ` I`lg

Wrkghrt ` Ckqklh/

Lxixteyk

Qr`nmdnkl

CnmnmiGnntn`m

XT';?8 qhr ~hkr XT'?8 qhr ~hkr Kqqlndkwn`m rc`r krwntkmkl cnmnmi qhrcnw2

XT';8 qhr ~hkr Krwntkmkl cnmnmiqhrcnw2

XT'41 qhr ~hkr Whdemndklhuql`nwkwn`m qhrcnw2

;111 JD qhr gk~ hmwr~ hh w`cnmnmi tnwh `r hkde krwntkmkl cnmhr

XT';1 qhr ~hkrKqqlndkwn`m `rc`r krwntkmkl cnmnmiqhrcnw2

XT';8 qhr ~hkrKrwntkmkl cnmnmiqhrcnw

XT'81 qhr ~hkrKqqlndkwn`m `rc `rqhrcnw gh mhi`dnkmw%m` rhdhnqw.2

XT';81 qhr ~hkrQhrcnw gh mhi`dnkmw

XT'81 qhr ~hkr `rKqqlndkwn`m `rc `rqhrcnw gh mhi`dnkmw

XT';1 Kxwe`rntkwn`m `rwrkmtq`rw cnmhrklt

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_hhmxhThrndht

m/k m/k m/k XT'44 qhr ~hkr XT';81 qhr ~hkr

tkhttdkc XT'51 qhr ~hkrynwe`xw rhdhnqw

XT';1 qhr c`mwe kmg cnmnmi tnwh2

XT';11 qhr ~hkr chcohrtenq hh`r d``qhrkwnzh2

XT'81 qhr ~hkr hh `r cnmnmi tnwhckmkihchmw2

XT';1 qhr c`mwe wku qhr cnmnmitekw %L`xwrk.2

811 JD qhr gk~ `r hkde i`lgyktenmi twkwn`m2

;111 JD qhr c`mwekmg qhr krwntkmklcnmhr

XT';1 qhr c`mwe XT';1 qhr c`mwe

XT';1 `r hkdewrkmtkdwn`mt

XT';8 qhr ~hkrNghmwndkwn`m hh

jkrgd XT'78 qhr ~hkr ; irkc i`lg qhr c`mwe kmg cnmh M`w gntdl`thg M`w gntdl`thg 711 JD qhr yhhb

kmr M`w gntdl`thg M`w gntdl`thg M`w gntdl`thg M`w gntdl`thg M`w gntdl`thg

Gnrhdwn`mImrklh

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XT'41 qhr ihmhrkw`r2

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Dehrnh.

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7 irkct ` i`lg qhr ~hkr`r Dehjrnh

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XT'81 qhr ~hkr Qk~chmwt nm tw`mh ` rky i lgzkrnht kdd`rgnmi w` cnmnmi tnwh

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M`w gntdl`thg XT'81 qhr ~hkr

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D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg ?4


26/52

wekw `m#i`nmi ekrkttchmw kmg huw`rwn`mt o~ i`zhrmchmw`jjndnklt nt w eh c`tw dekllhminmi kmg werhkwhmnmi qròlhc-

Lhe`qk Oxwxckmn, ye` nt k cnmhr nm weh I9 cnmh kmg ektohhm y`rbnmi tnmdh weh kih `j ;7 ynwe`xw k qr`qhr krwntkmk l

cnmnmi qhrcnw, txcckr nthg weh qròlhct `j y`rbnmi kt ki`lg cnmhr6 Kgcnmntwrkwnzh ekrkttchmwt o~ w eh cnlnwkr~,

wehwrkgnwn`mkllhkghrtkmgwehq`lndh2lkdb`jkttntwkmdhkmg

w``lt, kmg twkrzkwn`m-

Kdd`rgnmi w` kll nmwhrznhyhg cnmhrt, i`zhrmchmw jxmdwn`mkrnht

t`chwncht d llhdw weh lhinwnckwh jhht j`r weh krwntkmklcnmnmi qhrcnw- E`yhzhr, nw nt cxde c`rh lnbhl~ wekw weh tkch

kgcnmntwrkw`rt wìhwehr ynwe t`lgnhrt kmg jj ndhrt, wrkgnwn`mkl

lhkghrt kmg q`lndhchm ynll huw`rw mxchr`xt kggnwn`mklqk~chmwt- _hikrglhtt `j yehwehr weh jhht, wkuht `r lhznht

rknthg kiknmtw wehc krh lhinwnckwh, weh cnmhrt kmg wrkghrtkrh lhjw ynwe lnwwlh r m`wenmi nm mhw hkrmnmit- Ghtqnwh wehnr

d`mwrnoxwn`m kt `mh `j weh c`tw tnimnjndkmw rhin`mkl yhklweqr`znghrt, weh krwntkmkl kmg tckll#tdklh cnmhrt rhdhnzh m`thrzndht jr`c weh i`zhrmchmw nm rhwxrm- TKHTTDKC kihmwt

`ml~ te`y xq w` d`llhdw `xr c`mh~, tkng `mh cnmhr- Lhe`qkOxwxckmn nllxtwrkwhg weh q`nmw6 Nj `mh `j xt rh{xnrht e`tqnwkl

dkrh, yh ekzh w` dkrr~ weh qkwnhmw 81bc jr`c Lxixteyk w`Bnwxwx `zhr k e`rrhmg`xt r`kg wekw wxrmt nmw` k chwrh#ghhqcxg rnzhr gxrnmi weh rknm~ thkt`m- Ynwe k c`w`ronbh weh wrnq

d`twt XT'?1#XT'41-

Nw`miyk, ye` nt weh ckmkihr `j k cnmnmi d``qhrkwnzh,

huqlknmhg6 Weh cnmnmi q`lndh d`ch ehrh `ml~ nj t`cho`g~ektmw qkng weh wkuht- Nm wekw dkth weh~ texw g`ym weh cnmh-

Xmwnl weh qhmklnthg cnmhrt qk~ k XT'81 jnmh weh~ krh m`wkll`yhg w` rhtxch cnmnmi- Wenhrr ~ Okonmiyk, qrhtnghmw `jweh cnmnmi d``qhrkwnzht `j Cyhmik Whrrnw`r~, d`cqlknmhg6

Weh Cnmnmi Gnzntn`m ekt j`xmg k mhy wyntw o~ dekrinmij`r weh kqqlndkwn`m j`rc kmg j`r weh kdwxkl krwntkmkl cnmnmi

qhrcnw- Nm ent `qnmn`m, TKHTTDKC ekt d`cqlhwhl~ d`mjxthgnwt cnttn`m- Nmtwhkg `j qr`zngnmi wrknmnmi kmg hgxdkwn`m w`krwntkmkl cnmhrt, weh~ thh wehcthlzht hudlxtnzhl~ kt k wku

d`llhdwn`m kxwe`rnw~-

Dlkxgh Cklnvk, km krwntkmkl cnmhr jr`c Onreklk, huqlknmhge`y d`cokwkmwt jrh{xhmwl~ zntnw weh cnmht- Nw xthg w` ohfxtw JGL_ rhohlt oxw weh~ ekzh ohhm qxtehg `xw - @m weh rkrh

`ddktn`mt yehm weh~ twnll d`ch o~, weh~ krh gntixnthg nmdnznlnkm dl`weht- Xmnwt `j weh JK_GD krh m`y nm d`mwr`l, kmgweh~ te`y xq jrh{xhmwl~ w` d`llhdw lnwwlh qrhthmwt - Yehmhzhr

JK_GD xmnwt kqqhkr, yh ekzh k lnwwlh qkmnd tyhhqnmi wehcnmh, tkng Nw`miyk- Yh rhqrhthmw txde kwwrkdwnzh l``wnmi

`qq`rwxmnwnht wekw nj wehnr txqhrn`rt `rghr wehc w` ohwrkmtjhrrhg, weh~ ynll j niew we`th `rghrt kmg tncql~ twk~-

Oxwxckmn huqlknmhg6 Weh t`lgnhrt krh dlhkrl~ nmwhrhtwhg nm

m`wenmi hlth oxw i`lg- Yh mhzhr thh wehc gxrnmi weh wnch yhghzhl`q k cnmh `r gxrnmi weh rknm~ thkt`m yehm c`tw `j `xr

cnmnmi tnwht krh j l``ghg kmg yh krh xmkolh w` y`rb-

Yehm weh cnmht krh rhkg~ j`r qr`gxdwn`m, JK_GD xmnwt ynllncchgnkwhl~ oh qrhthmw- Weh~ hnwehr hmj`rdh k jndwnwn`xt rhkt`mw` dl`th weh cnmh t` wekw weh~ dkm wkbh `zhr weh `qhrkwn`m

wehcthlzht, `r weh~ j`rdh xt w` inzh wehc k dhrwknm kc`xmw `jtw`mh- Jrh{xhmwl~, weh~ ynll drxte weh tw`mht kmg ykte `xw wehi`lg wehcthlzht- Yh ekzh, j`r hukcqlh, Jnrtw Lnhxwhmkmw Ixnlkm

`j weh ;7we Ornikgh ye` y`rbt nm weh Wò`lk cnmht `xwtnghBkcnwxik- Eh m`w `ml~ rxmt ent `ym cnmh, eh klt` kdwt kt

jnmkmdnhr j`r `wehr cnmnmi tnwht kmg nt wrkgnmi i`lg `m ent `ym

kdd`xmw, huqlknmhg Wenhrr~ Okonmiyk-

Km`wehr qrhtnghmw `j k rhin`mkl cnmnmi d``qhrkwnzh tkng6 Hzhr~Tkwxrgk~, weh JK_GD ye` krh okthg nm Oxwxvk huwrkdw jr`c kll

cnmhrt nm weh txrr`xmgnmi krhkt weh i`lg `rh wekw weh~ qr`gxdhgxrnmi wy` e`xrt `j y`rb- Hzhm nj weh q`lndh kmg cnlnwkr~ wr~w` engh wehnr wrxh nmwhmwn`mt, weh lhikl kgznthr w` weh krwntkmkl

cnmhrt ye` krh chcohrt `j weh I9#D``qhrkwnzh bm`yt wekwweh cnmhrt krh txofhdw w` huw`rwn`m6 Weh~ d`ch nmw` weh cnmh

w` l``b j`r wr`xolh kmg w` texw g`ym weh hmwnrh cnmh- Xmlhtt yhqk~ ehjw~ jnmht, weh~ ynll m`w kll`y xt w` i` okdb w` y`rb-

Nm kggnwn`m w` rky i`lg `r xmwrhkwhg i`lg `rht, ckm~ cnmnmid`ccxmnwnht krh rhixlkrl~ ktbhg w` d`mwrnoxwh j``g rkwn`mt `jckmn`d, ohkmt `r tyhhw q`wkw`ht w` JK_GD t`lgnhrt-

K thd`mgkr~ krhk yehrh weh i`lg nmgxtwr~ nt txofhdw w`huw`rwn`m nt weh r`kg w` weh mhkro~ wrkgnmi dhmwrht `j Xznrk

kmg Oxbkzx- Wehrh krh klyk~t krchg chm `xw l``bnmi j`rt`cho`g~ w` rò, huqlknmhg T`mik Nlxok, weh denhj `j weh

l`dkl i`lg wrkghrt ktt`dnkwn`m- Weh~ krh xtxkll~ nm dnznlnkmdl`weht w` ckbh xt wenmb wekw weh~ ohl`mi w` weh JGL_- Hzhmnj weh~ krh JGL_, nw g`ht m`w ckwwhr- Nlxok jxrwehr huqlknmhg6

Weh wenhzhr~ xtxkll~ wkbht qlkdh nm qlknm tniew `j km JK_GDdehdbq`nmw- @xr mkwn`mkl cnlnwkr~ j`rdht mhzhr nmwhrzhmh-

Nm kggnwn`m w` weh huw`rwn`mt kmg ir`wht{xh `zhr#wkukwn`mt, wehi`lg cnmhrt `j Yklxmix kmg Cyhmik krh klt` `jwhm j`rdhg w`

qk~ eniel~ hukiihrkwhg rhwknl qrndht- Yh tqhmg `ml~ ?1 qhrdhmw`j `xr wnch jkrcnmi, twkwhg `mh nmgnihm`xt cnmhr- M` `mh

qxrtxht jkrcnmi km~c`rh weh wrkgnwn`mkl t`xrdh `j nmd`chnm went qkrw j T`xwe Bnzx- Ghirkgkwn`m gxh w` zhr#dxlwnzkwn`m`j weh `mdh jhrwnlh t`nl kmg km nmdrhkth nm qhtwt, txde kt dkttkzk

c`tknd, or`ym twrhkb kmg ckm~ `wehr qkrktnwht, ekzh ekgghlhwhrn`xt hjjhdwt `m weh hd`m`c~ `j T`xwe Bnzx-48

M`y, weh ckf`rnw~ `j weh j``g d`mtxchg nm weh cnmnmi krhkt nt

ncq`rwhg kmg o`xiew kw k twhhq qrhcnxc o~ weh cnmhrt-

D`mjndw I`lg w` Drncnmkl I`lg?7


27/52

où ?6

ENIEH__HWKNLQ_NDHT

NMI@LG#CNMNMIK_HKT

Yenlh weh rhkt`mt kqqhkr w` oh {xnwh gnzhrth, k hyd`cc`mklnwnht ekzh hchrihg6

;- Nm k w~qndkl i`lg rxte chmwklnw~, weh q`qxlkwn`mt

` ckm~ i`lg#cnmnmi d`ccxmnwnht ekzh okll``mhg-

Yenlh m` rhlnkolh ghcìrkqend twkwntwndt huntw,

tqr`xwnmi tekdbt kmg ekqekvkrg e`xtnmi nm krwn#

tkmkl i`lg#cnmnmi d`ccxmnwnht krh xmcntwkbkolh

tnimt ` huql`tnzh ir`ywe-

?- Km`wehr tnim ` weh i`lg rxte chmwklnw~ nt weh

d`cqlhwh kokmg`mchmw krcnmi kmg wehr kdwnzn#

wnht wekw g` m`w qr`cnth enie nmd`ch- Kt k d`mth#

{xhmdh, lkrih d`ccxmnwnht wekw `rchrl~ huq`rwhg

e`ch#ir`ym twkqlh ``gt krh m`y `rdhg w` ncq`rw

``g- Nm Cntntn nm weh Whrrnw`nrh gh Jnvn %T`xwe Bnzx.,

yende ykt wrkgnwn`mkll~ k rnde kirndxlwxrkl rhin`m,

qklc `nl nt m`y ncq`rwhg r`c Ckmnhck, ckmn`dekt w` oh wrkmtq`rwhg `zhr ;41bc r`c Lxlhmih,

kmg Okm~kcxlhmih d`ccxmnwnht r`c weh m`rwe

qr`zngh ohh-

4- Wehrh krh m` ktqeklw r`kgt `xwtngh G_Dt cknm

xrokm dhmwrht- Kt k d`mth{xhmdh, c`tw r`kgt krh

gndxlw w` wrkzhl, hnwehr ohdkxth weh~ wxrm nmw`

ckttnzh cxg twrhkct gxrnmi weh rknm~ thkt`m, `r

gxrnmi weh gr~ thkt`m wendb gxtw dlìt weh knr lwhrt

` zhendlht- Wrkmtq`rwnmi ``g txqqlnht kmg d`m#

txchr i``gt w` i`lg#cnmnmi d`ccxmnwnht kdr`tt

wehth gndxlw r`kgt nt k c`mxchmwkl wktb kmg kggt

tnimndkmwl~ w` `zhrkll d`twt-

7- Qk~chmw `r weh ghlnzhr~ ` i``gt kmg ``g w`

i`lg#cnmnmi rhin`mt nt gnrhdwl~ r nmgnrhdwl~ ckgh nm

weh `rc ` rky i`lg- Weh rhtxlwnmi wy`#yk~ wrkgh

nt zhr~ kgzkmwkih`xt `r wrkghrt oxw m`w `r i`lg

cnmhrt- Krwntkmkl i`lg cnmhrt krh ghqhmghmw `m

wrkghrt `r ghlnzhrnmi ``g kmg d`mtxchr i``gt

w` wehc kmg `r kddhqwnmi wehnr i`lg nm qk~chmw-

Kt k d`mth{xhmdh, kll i``gt t`lg nm i`lg#cnmnmi

d`ccxmnwnht krh `zhrqrndhg, yenlh i`lg nt ihmhr#

kll~ xmghrzklxhg-

b

Bklheh nt tnwxkwhg kw weh dr`ttr`kg i`nmi jr`c Oxbkzx m`rweyhtw w`Yklnbklh `r m`rwehktw w` I`ck- Ghtqnwh nwt tw rkwhind l`dkwn`m, Bklheh

ekt ohhm wrkgnwn`mkll~ dxw `jj jr`c j`rcklnthg cnmnmi- Weh rhin`m ntrnde nm dkttnwhrnwh, d`lwkm, y`ljrkcnwh, wkmwklxc, mnònxc kmg i`lg,kmg tnmdh ?115 ekt kwwrkdwhg j`rhnim nmzhtwchmwt- Weh lkrihtw e`lghr

`j huql`rkwn`m qhrcnwt nt weh Dkmkgnkm d`cqkm~, Tekcnbk _ht`xrdht,yende xmghr nwt l`dkl txotngnkr~ Tekcnbk D`mi` Bklheh d`mwr`lt

yngh#rkminmi qhrcnwt nm Bklheh kmg `m mhnieo`xrnmi Ngfyn ntlkmg-Tekcnbk ekt rhlhkthg m` nmj`rckwn`m ko`xw nwt jnmkmdnmi, `r yehm kmgyehrh nw nmwhmgt w` d`cchmdh km huql`rkwn`m qrìrkcch, kmg km~

qr`gxdwn`m thhct w` oh jkr `jj nm weh jxwxrh-

Bklheht rhlkwnzh nt`lkwn`m nt `mh `j weh cknm rhkt`mt ye~ weh nmgxtwrnkln#

tkwn`m `j weh rhin`m ekt ohhm t` tl`y, qkrwndxlkrl~ kt nwt nt`lkwn`m kmg wehmhkro~ Bkexvn#Onhik Mkwn`mkl Qkrb ckbh weh krhk km nghkl rhtxqql~ okth

j`r JGL_ kmg Ck~n#Ck~n ir`xqt- Thzhrkl wncht nm rhdhmw ~hkrt, weh XMIr`xq `j Huqhrwt ekt rhq`rwhg `m e`y thdwn`mt `j Bklheh yhrh g`cnmkw#hg `r d`mwr`llhg o~ JGL_, Qkwrn`wht _tntwkmwt D`mi`lknt %QK_HD@., kmg

JK_GD xmnwt hmwnrhl~ d`cq`thg `j j`rchr DMGQ d`cokwkmwt- Nm ?11>,weh Ir`xq klt` rhq`rwhg e`y JK_GD D`l`mhl Vncxrnmgk d`mwr`llhg ckm~

cnmht nm Bklheh, kmg e`y ent `jjndhrt yhrh `mdh nmwhrdhqwhg wrkmtq`rw#nmi ;811 bnlìrkct `j y`ljrkcnwh w` k wrkgnmi e`xth nm I`ck- Wehrh nt m`bm`ym j`ll`y#xq o~ weh i`zhrmchmw nm went dkth-

Ghork Okt`cn Dekrkmiko`, km krwntkmkl cnmhr huqlknmhg

Conflict Gold To Criminal Gold: The New Face of Artisanal Gold Mining in the Congo- Southern Africa...

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Transcript of Conflict Gold To Criminal Gold: The New Face of Artisanal Gold Mining in the Congo- Southern Africa...