Earth’s Major Biomes
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Transcript of Earth’s Major Biomes
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Earth’s Major Biomes
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Type of biome controlled by temperature and precipitation
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Tundra
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Tundra
Characterized by:
• Very short growing season
• Little precipitation (10-25 cm / yr)
• Permafrost
• Low species diversity
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Boreal Forest (Tiaga)
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Boreal Forest (Tiaga)
Characterized by:
• Short growing season
• Low precipitation (~50 cm / yr)
•Dominated by conifers (spruce, fir), but also has aspen, birch
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Temperate Rain Forest
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Temperate Rain Forest
Characterized by:
•Cool; high precipitation (~127 cm / yr)
•Dominated by evergreens (hemlock, spruce, cedar)
•Heavily logged
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Temperate Deciduous Forest
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Characterized by:
•Hot summers, cold winters
•Moderate precipitation (75-150 cm / yr)
•Dominated by oaks, hickory, maple
•Commonly converted to agriculture
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Grasslands
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Grasslands
Characterized by:
•Hot summers, cold winters
• Low to moderate precipitation (25-75 cm / yr)
•Dominated tallgrass or shortgrass prairies
•Heavily converted to agriculture
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Chaparral
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Chaparral
Characterized by:
•Dry summers, mild winters
• Frequent fires
•Dominated by short pines, evergreen shrubs, scrub oak (but varies worldwide)
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Deserts
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Deserts
Characterized by:
•Wide daily variations in temperature
• Very dry (<25 cm precipitation / yr)
• Sparse plant coverage
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Savanna
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Savanna
Characterized by:
• Precipitation 76-150 cm / yr, but very seasonal with extended dry periods
•Dominated by grasses, with occasional trees
•African most famous for herds of wildebeest, antelope, zebra
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Tropical Rain Forests
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Tropical Rain Forests
Characterized by:
• Very high precipitation 200-450 cm / yr
• Very nutrient-poor soil
• Extremely high primary productivity
• Extremely high species richness
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Earth’s Major Biomes
Vertical Zonation: The Distribution of Vegetation on Mountains
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Aquatic Ecosystems
Human Impacts on Coral Reefs
• Sedimentation / siltation
• Pollution
• Overfishing
• Direct disturbance (anchor dragging, divers damaging / collecting specimens)
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Aquatic EcosystemsHuman Impacts on the Ocean
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Aquatic Ecosystems
Human Impacts on the Ocean