BiomesBiomes S7L4.d. Ask questions to gather and synthesize information from multiple sources to...
Transcript of BiomesBiomes S7L4.d. Ask questions to gather and synthesize information from multiple sources to...
Biomes
S7L4.d. Ask questions to gather and synthesize
information from multiple sources to differentiate
between Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e., tropical
rain forest, savanna, temperate forest, desert,
grassland, taiga, and tundra) and aquatic
ecosystems (i.e., freshwater, estuaries, and marine).
Biome – a large region characterized by a specific
type of climate and certain types of plant and animal
communities
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIy0ZlyPPDg
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
●Rainfall: 75 to 125 cm
●Temp. : Summer: 28 degrees
C and Winter: 6 degrees C
●Climate: Summers are warm
and Winters are cold
●Plants: Shrubs , wildflowers
Maple .
Oak,Birch,Magnolia,Beech
●Animals: bears, rabbits, deer,
cardinals, and turtles
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
●Interesting Facts: Has 4 distinct
seasons. We live in this biome and
the name comes from the Greek
word “to fall off”.
●Woody shrubs can catch light that
filters through the trees.
●Deciduous trees shed their leaves
to save water during the winter or
during the dry season.
●Ferns and mosses are scattered
across the forest floor.
●Flowering plants often bloom in
early spring, before the trees grow
new leaves.
Coniferous forest / Taiga
Rainfall 35-75 cm
Temperature
(Summer) 14 degrees C
(Winter) -10 degrees C
Climate Warm summer and Cold winters
Plants- Fir, Birch ,oak, pine, spruce
Animals-Porcupine, Elk, Moose, Finches,
Chickadees, Jays
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Coniferous/Taiga Forest
●Interesting Facts: The trees are called
conifers, and the leaves are shaped like
needles.
●The conifers produce seeds in cones
● The leaves have a thick waxy coating
●The waxy coating helps in three ways:
the trees keep their leaves all year round,
protects leaves from the cold, it helps
conifers leaves from drying out.
●Trees that stay green all year and do not
lose all of their leaves are called
evergreen trees.
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Tropical Rain Forest
●Rainfall: Up to 400cm a year
●Temp. :Daytime: 34 C
●Nighttime: 20 C
●Climate: Warm and humid year
round
●Plants: trees, vines, bromeliads,
epiphytes, orchids
●Animals: butterflies, beetles,
spiders, ticks, snakes, frogs, birds,
jaguar, sloth.
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Tropical Rain Forest
●Interesting Facts: Has more biological diversity
than any other biome,
●trees form a continuous canopy, that may even
extend 60m above the ground,
● no light reaches the ground
●Most of the nutrients found in the tropical rain are
in the plants.
●The soil is actually very thin and poor in nutrients
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Tropical Rain Forest
●There are 3 layers in the
Tropical rain forest
● Canopy
Understory and
Forest floor
● Most animals live in the canopy
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Savanna
●Rainfall: 150 cm a year
●Temp. :Dryseason: 34 C
wetseason: 16 C
●Climate: Short wet Warm summers
and Cool winters
●Plants: Acacia trees, Elephant
grass, Bermuda grass, Whistling
thorn
●Animals: zebra, elephants, giraffe,
lion, wildebeest, , rhino, hippo,
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Savanna
●Interesting Facts: Savanna
means grassland with clumps
of trees and seasonal rains
●Few to little trees
●Fires, droughts, and grazing
prevent the growth of trees or
shrubs
●There are scattered clumps
of trees
●The grass turns yellow and
catches fire
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Desert
●Rainfall: 25cm yearly
●Temp. : summer: 38 C
winter: 7 C
●Climate: hot and dry
●Plants: cacti, tumble weed,
wildflowers, Mexican poppy
●Animals: jack rabbits, rats, ,
lizards, snakes, coyotes,
scorpions
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Some plants have shallow, widespread roots that grow
just under the surface. These roots let plants take up
water after the storm.
Other desert plants, such as cacti, have fleshy stems and
leaves. These fleshy structures store water. The leaves of
desert plants also have a waxy coating.
Desert
●
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Desert
●Interesting Facts: Huge ears help jack rabbits get rid of body
heat.
●Kangaroo rats never need to drink, they recycle water from
the foods that they eat.
●Spadefoot toads bury themselves in the ground and are
dormant during the dry season.
●Most animals are active at night because of cooler
temperatures.
●Plants grow far apart so that they don't have to compete with
each other for water.
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Tundra
●Rainfall: 30 to 50cm
●Temp. : summer: 12 C
winter: -26 C
●Climate: cold and dry
●Plants: grasses, small
shrubs, fire weed, Lichen ,
arctic moss
●Animals: polar bear,
mountain goats, sheep, birds,
arctic foxes, gray wolves,
snow geese, insects,
caribou,musk oxen
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Tundra●: No trees since it is a very cold temp. and little rainfall
it’s a treeless biome
●2 types of tundra: polar and alpine
●Polar tundra found near the poles and alpine tundra
found at the top of mountains
●Alpine tundra is found above an elevation called the
tree line, trees do not and can not grow on the
mountain
●In the polar tundra the layer of soil beneath the
surface soil stays frozen all the time and is called
permafrost. That's why small rooted plants such as
grasses and small shrubs are common
●During the short, cool summer, only the surface soil
thaws
●The layer of thawed soil is too shallow for deep rooted
plants to live
●A nickname for the tundra is the cold desert
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Marine
Temperature, rain fall, and climate depend
on location.
●Plankton are tiny organisms that float near
the surface of the water. Many plankton are
producers. They use photosynthesis to make
their own food. Plankton form the base of the
ocean's food chain.
●The Intertidal zone is where the ocean
meets the land. It is sometimes exposed to
air part of the day. Waves crash on the rocks
and sand.
●The animals living there have adaptations to
survive exposure to the air and to keep from
being washed away.
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Marine;
Neritic zone
●Animals: whales, sharks, dolphins, jelly fish, sea
turtles, and fish
●Plants: kelp, sea grass, sea weed, plankton, and
algae
●Water becomes deeper further from the shore.
The ocean floor starts to slope downward.
●Water is warm and receives lots of sunlight
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Marine;
Oceanic zone
●The seafloor drops sharply. Contains deep water
of the ocean.
●Plankton can be found near the water surface.
●Animals such as fish, whales and sharks are
found in this zone. Some animals in this zone live
very deep in the water. These animals often get
food from materials that sink down from the ocean
surface.
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Marine;
Benthic zone
●This is the ocean floor, it gets no sunlight, and it is
very cold.
●The animals are fish, worms and crabs
●Organisms get food by eating materials that sink
down from above. Organisms such as bacteria get
energy from chemicals that escape from thermal
vents on the ocean floor. Thermal vents form at
cracks in the Earths crust.
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Estuaries
●Estuary means an area where freshwater
from streams and rivers spill into the ocean.
● In estuaries the fresh water from rivers
and the salt water from the ocean are
always mixing. Therefore the amount of salt
in the water is always changing.
●Plants and animals that live in estuaries
must be able to survive the changing
concentrations of salt. The fresh water that
spills into an estuary is rich in nutrients.
Because estuaries are so nutrient rich they
support plankton which in turn, provide
food for many animals.
●The Sargasso Sea is found in the middle
of the Atlantic Ocean. This ecosystem
contains rafts of algae called Sargassums.
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Fresh water Ecosystem
●Streams and Rivers
●An important abiotic factor in freshwater ecosystems is
how quickly water moves.
●Organisms that live in fast-moving water have
adaptations to keep from being washed away.
●Some producers, such as algae and moss, are attached
to rocks.
●An example is Tadpoles use suction disks to hold
themselves to the rocks.
●Consumers such as insects, live under rocks. The
animals are fish, clams, frogs, and snails.
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Pond and Lake
●The area of water closest to the edge of a lake or pond
is called the littoral zone.
●Algae, water lilies, snails, insects, clams, worms, frogs,
salamanders, turtles, fish and snakes are just a few
animals and plants in this ecosystem
●A open water zone is the area of a lake or pond that
extends from the littoral zone, across the top of the water.
Many photosynthetic plankton live in this area.
●Beneath the open water zone is the deep water zone
where no sunlight reaches
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Wetland Ecosystem
●An area of land that is sometimes under water or whose soil
contains a great deal of moisture is called a wetland.
●Wetlands play an important role in flood control. During heavy
rains or spring snow melting, wetlands soak up large amounts of
water. The water in wetlands also move deeper into the ground.
So, wetlands help replenish underground water supplies.
●Marshes are treeless wetland ecosystem where plants such as
grasses, grow. Plants and animals are grasses, reeds, bulrushes,
wild rice, muskrats, turtles, frogs and birds.
●Swamps are a wetland ecosystems in which trees and vines grow.
Some plants and animals are willows, oaks, bald cypresses,
orchids, water lilies, fish, snakes and birds.