Early LiteracyTuesday, September 16, 2014

REFLECTION & DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:

1. Literacy is a process that begins in infancy and continues throughout our lives. What role do parents and early caregivers play in guiding a child to literacy?

2. Some young children have rich literacy experiences while others have little exposure to books and other forms of print. How can teachers meet the diverse needs of young students in their classrooms?

Quick Write• Consider the statement below & respond by

free writing in your journal for 5-10 min:

Comprehension is the reason for reading. If readers can read the words but do not

understand what they are reading, they are not really reading.

Do you agree or disagree? Why?

HOW EFFECTIVE TEACHERS SUPPORT THE YOUNGEST CHILDREN’S LITERACY DEVELOPMENT?

Teachers…foster young children’s interest in literacy and teach

concepts about written language.understand that children move through the emergent,

beginning, and fluent stages of literacy development.match instructional activities to children’s stages of

reading and writing development.monitor children’s literacy development to ensure that

they’re moving through the three stages, and they intervene when children aren’t making expected progress.

WHAT INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES SUPPORT EARLY LITERACY DEVELOPMENT?

• Shared reading & writing• Language Experience Approach• Interactive read-aloud & writing• Manuscript handwriting• Writing centers• Morning message

HOW DO TEACHERS FOSTER AN INTEREST IN LITERACY?

Concepts about print Assessing students’ concepts about print

Concepts about words Environmental print Literacy play centers

Concepts about the alphabet

ACTIVITY

Construct morning messages that you could use in the following settings… A kindergarten classroom An upper elementary classroom

How might you use your morning message to support your students’ interest in literacy? (e.g. concepts about print, concepts about words, concepts about the environment, vocabulary etc…)

Write your messages on chart paper & share with the class.

INTERACTIVE READ-ALOUD

•What?

•Why?

•How?

SHARED READING

•What?

•Why?

•How?

Interactive Read-AloudFountas & Pinnell, Ch. 15

• Using the list provided in Fig. 15-8 (p. 224), select 5 books that each meet at least 3 of the guidelines.• Use books on display&/or in the curriculum lab

• Individually, select 1 picture book:• Create an outline for “Opening Moves” (pp. 226-227) that you could

use to begin an Interactive Read-Aloud activity.• Present your book introduction to a small group of peers.

Engaging Readers in Thinking & Talking About Texts – Creating a Literature Culture Through IRA & Shared

Talk About Texts• What to the titles of chapters 15 & 16 say about literacy?• Discuss Chapter 15:• Select & read 2 of the “Ways of Opening” [Figures 15-9 to 15-15]• Discuss what the teacher is doing in each of the 3 possible openings.

• Discuss Chapter 16:• What are the characteristics of “intentional conversation”?• How can teachers teach “technical vocabulary” or “academic language”

through IRA?• Why do you think there is so much emphasis placed on “teacher talk” in

literacy instruction?

Fluency

• Respond to the prompts below in your Reader Response Journal:• What do we mean by “fluent reading”?• How do you know if a student is reading fluently?

How do effective teachers assist students in “cracking the alphabetic

code”?• Teachers…• teach students to “crack the code” through phonemic

awareness, phonics, and spelling instruction.• understand that phonemic awareness is the foundation

for phonics instruction.• teach high-utility phonics concepts, rules, phonograms,

and spelling patterns.• recognize that students’ spelling errors are a measure

of their understanding of phonics.

Phonemic Awareness

Phonemic Awareness StrategiesTeaching Phonemic AwarenessSound-Matching ActivitiesSound-Isolation ActivitiesSound-Blending ActivitiesSound-Addition and Substitution ActivitiesSound-Segmentation ActivitiesNurturing English LearnersAssessing Children’s Phonemic Awareness

Why Is Phonemic Awareness Important?

Phonemic Awareness Activity

• Dr. Seuss wrote many books which teachers can use to develop their students’ phonemic awareness.

• Select one of the books provided in class and brainstorm possible activities to support phonemic awareness your picture book.

What’s the Role of Phonics in a Balanced Literacy Program?

Phonics concepts: Consonants Vowels Blending into words Phonograms Phonics rules

Teaching PhonicsExplicit InstructionApplication ActivitiesAssessing Students’ Phonics Knowledge

Stages of Spelling Development

• Stage 1: Emergent Spelling• Stage 2: Letter Name-Alphabetic Spelling• Stage 3: Within-Word Pattern Spelling• Stage 4: Syllables and Affixes Spelling• Stage 5: Derivational Relations Spelling

How do effective teachers teach spelling?

• Word Walls• Making Words• Word Sorts• Interactive Writing• Proofreading• Dictionary Use• Spelling Options

The 3 Reading Cue Systems

Meaning[Sematic Cue

System]

Structure[Syntactic Cue

System]

Visual[Graphophonic Cue

System]

Graphophonic Cue System

• What do students in K-8 need to know about letters & letter-sound relationship?

• Review the developmental continuum provided.• What information is provided to help you plan

instruction that is developmentally appropriate?

• Consider the students in your kindergarten & elementary practicum classrooms. Would you describe them as emergent, transitional, fluent readers?

DESCRIBE THE EMERGENT, BEGINNING, & FLUENT STAGES OF LITERACY DEVELOPMENT.

Emergent reading & writing

Beginning reading & writing

Fluent reading & writing

Decoding Strategies• Read and reflect on the variety of

strategies presented in your handouts.

• Which of these strategies do you typically use when reading?

• Let’s make a Strategy Hand!

Instruction

• Explicit & Direct

• Design a mini-lesson to teach a specific strategy!

• Step 1: Provide objectives, establish expectations, and introduce the skill

• Step 2: Model the skill

• Step 3: Provide an opportunity for guided practice with feedback

• Step 4: Independent practice and application

Vocabulary

• What do we know about the

importance of vocabulary to

reading comprehension?

• How do readers learn vocabulary?

• What word learning strategies can

teachers introduce to support students’

vocabulary development?

• National Reading Panel Report

Assessment: What? How? When?

Critical Concepts in Literacy Development

• Directionality• Spacing• Letters• Punctuation

Concepts

About Print

• Decoding Strategies

• Phonemic Awareness

• Phonics

Word Work

• Strategies

• Vocabulary

Comprehension

• Accuracy• automaticity

• Speed• Reading rate

• Prosody• Reading with

expression

Fluency

Types of Assessment

Informal Formal

Thank you Mr. Falker by Patricia Polacco

What is your response to Polacco’s

autobiographical story?

How did Mr. Falker make a difference in Polacco’s

life?

What did Mr. Falker actually do – as a

teacher – to ensure that Polacco didn’t fall

through the cracks?