Post natal - Infancy
-
Upload
iamanjie -
Category
Healthcare
-
view
207 -
download
1
Transcript of Post natal - Infancy
INFANCY(PERIOD OF THE NEWBORN)
Characteristics of Infancy 1. Infancy is the Shortest of all
Developmental Periods
time when the fetus must adjust to life outside the uterine walls of the mother where it has lived for approximately 9 months.
According to: Medical criteria - adjustment is completed
with the fall of the umbilical cord from the navel.
Physiological criteria - completed when the infant has regained the weight loss after birth.
Psychological criteria - completed when the infant begins to show signs of developmental progress in behavior
Periods of Infancy
Period of
Partunate
from birth to 15 to 30 mins after birth when the fetal
body has emerged from the mother’s body and last until the umbilical cord has been cut and tied
Period of
Neonate
from the cutting & tying of the umbilical cord to approximately the end of the 2nd week of postnatal life.
2. Infancy is a Time of Radical
Adjustmentsbirth is merely an interruption of the developmental pattern that started at the moment of conception
graduation from internal to an external environment. Like all graduations, it requires adjustment or the individuals part
Temperature changes
Breathing
Sucking and swallowing
Elimination
3. Infancy is Plateau of
DevelopmentGrowth and development
suddenly stops at birth
Slight regression, such as
loss of weight, tendency to
be less strong & healthy
than at birth
Due to necessity for
making radical adjustments
4. Infancy is a Preview of
Later Development
Like a preface of a
book
A rough draft
undergoing rapid
revision
5. Infancy is
Hazardous Period
Physically
Psychologically
Conditions Influencing
Adjustment to Postnatal Life1. Prenatal Environment
2. Kind of Birth
a) Natural or Spontaneous Birth
b) Breech Birth
c) Transverse Birth
d) Instrument Birth
e) Caesarian Birth
3. Experiences Associated
with Birth
a) Mother’s medication during
birth process
b) Ease or difficulty with which
infants starts to breathe
4. Length of Gestation Period
a) Premature
b) Post mature
5. Parental Attitudes
Favorable and unfavorable
maternal and paternal attitudes
Preparation for parental duties,
the childbirth experience,
mother’s physical condition after
childbirth, concern about
expenses, evidence of defects,
infant’s postnatal adjustment,
infantile crying, parental
resentments, concern about
normality, concern about
6. Postnatal Care
The amount of attention
infants receives to ensure that
their need will be met
satisfactorily and relatively
promptly
The amount of stimulation
they receive from the time of
birth
The degree of confidence
their parent, especially
Characteristics of the Infant 1. Physical Development
Size – average infant weighs 7 ½ lbs & measure 19 ½ inch. in length
Infantile Features
a) Muscles are soft, small &uncontrolled
b) Bones are flexible because they are composed chiefly of cartilage and gristle
c) Skin is soft and often blotchy
d) Flesh is firm and elastic
Physical Proportion
Physiological Functions
2. Activities of the Infant
Mass and Specific activities
Reflexes
Generalized responses
3. Vocalization of the
Infant
Crying
Explosive sounds
4. Sensitiveness of the Infant Newborn are far from blind but their visual
field is about one-half that of adults. The ability to follow moving objects occurs during the first week of life (horizontal movement first then vertical movements.
Hearing improves within the first three or four days after birth as the amniotic fluid drains from the middle ear.
Cells for smell are well developed at birth.
Infant’s sense of taste is keen.
Sensitivity to hunger is fully developed at birth and hunger contractions occur within the first day of life. Thirst also appears then.
Sense organ for touch, pressure and temperature are well developed at birth and lie close to the surface of the skin.
5. State of Consciousness
Not entirely aware or
conscious of what goes on
around them for the first
day or two after birth
6. Capacity for Learning
Newborn infants are often
incapable of even the
simplest form of learning
7. Emotions of the Newborn
Pleasantness - relaxing their
body
Unpleasantness - tensing the
body
8. Beginnings of
Personality
Results from the maturation
of hereditary traits
Hazards of
Infancy
One of the most
hazardous periods in the
life span
1. Physical
HazardsUnfavorable Prenatal Environment
– prolonged and intense maternal stress, for example, may cause the infant to be tense and nervous
Difficult and Complicated Birth –frequently results in temporary or permanent brain damage
Multiple birth – usually smaller and weaker than singletons as a result of crowding during the prenatal period
Post maturity – hazardous only
when the fetus becomes so large
that the birth requires the use of
instruments or surgery; may also
experience neonatal adjustments
problem
Prematurity – causes more
neonatal deaths than any other
conditions
Infant Mortality – the most critical
times for death during the period of
infancy are the day of birth (2/3 of
all neonatal deaths occur) and
2. Psychological
HazardsTraditional Beliefs about Birth –
difficult births are believed to result in
“difficult children”
Helplessness – it may be appealing
while, to most, it is frightening. Parents
wonder of they are capable of
assuming the care of their newborn,
and this, in turn, makes them nervous
and anxious.
Individuality of the Infant – to most
adult, being difficult is interpreted as
being inferior
Developmental Lag – source of
concern to parents and, as such,
affects the way they handle the
infant’s needs
Plateau in Development – makes
parents believe their infant is delicate
and requires extra care, attention
and over protectiveness; weakens
parents’ confidence in the ability to
assume full care of the infant;
deprive the infant on one of the
essentials of development, the
stimulation of the different areas of
the body
New Parent Blues – states of
depression among new parents
Unfavorable Attitudes of the Part
of Significant People – as the birth
draws nearer and significant people
become increasingly aware of the
new responsibilities they will have to
face
Names – became hazardous only if
they cause the children
embarrassment or sometimes even
humiliation, if their friends think their
names are “funny” or regard them as
sex inappropriate.