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E –paper

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E-paper

introduction

What is e-paper

Construction of e-paper

Displaying technology

Lcd display

Merits & demerits of e-paper

Real life applications

conclusion

References

E-paper

3conventional display {lcd display}

o A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures.

o It is an electronically-modulated optical device made up of any number of pixels filled with liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a light source(backlight) or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome.

INDRODUCTION

o E-paper also known as Electronic Paper or Electronic ink Display.

o Electronic paper was first developed in the 1970s by Nick Sheridon at Xerox’s Palo Alto Research center.

o Unlike conventional backlit flat panel displays which emit light, E- paper displays reflect light like ordinary paper, theoretically making it more comfortable to read, and giving the surface a wider viewing angle compared to conventional displays. 

o extremely light and flexible.

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E-paper

WHAT IS E-PAPER ?An Electronic Paper Display is a display that possesses: o a paper-like high contrast appearanceo ultra-low power consumptiono a thin and light formo gives the viewer the experience of reading from paper,

while having the power of updatable information. Electronic ink is a proprietary material that is processedinto a film for integration into electronic displays.Although revolutionary in concept, electronic ink is a

straightforward fusion of chemistry, physics and electronics to create this new material.

Comparison of e-paper & lcd

o Wide viewing angleo Readable in sunlighto Holds image without power

draino Plastic or glasso Light Weighto Thin (~1 mm)

o Best image only from one position

o Can be difficult to see in sunlight

o Required power to hold images

o Glass onlyo Power supply and glass

make LCDs relatively heavy

Electronic Ink Display

Liquid Crystal Display

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E-paper

E- ink paper display

Construction of E-papero It has two different parts.

o Front plane.o Back plane.

o The front plane consist of E-ink.o E-ink is made up of millions of tiny microcapsules.o Microcapsules have diameter of the order of 100 microns.o Each microcapsule contains positively charged white particles

and negatively charged black particles suspended in a clear fluid .

Front plane

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E-paper

BACK PLANEo The back plane consist of electronic circuits.o Back plane is made up of organic thin film transistor arrays

which provide voltage needed by the E-Paper.o To form an E-ink electronic display the ink is printed onto a

plastic film that is laminated to a layer of circuitry.

E-paper

How do the capsules work?

Filledwithfluid

Each capsule contains thousands of smaller black(neg-) and white(pos+) JANUS particles.

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Displaying technology { ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNOLOGY } • Each E-ink capsule contains an oily solution containing black

dye (the electronic ink), with numerous white titanium dioxide particles suspended within these capsules are dispersed in a hydrocarbon oil in which dark-colored dye and charging agents are also added.

• Capsule diameter is 40 micrometer.

• Gap between the two conducting plates is of the order of 100 micrometers and the mixture is placed between these plates.

• When a voltage is applied across the two plates, the particles will migrate electrophoretically to the plate bearing the opposite charge from that on the particles. 

o  When the particles are located at the front (viewing) side of the display, it appears white, because light is scattered back to the viewer by the high refractive -index titania particles.

o  When the particles are located at the rear side of the display, it appears dark, because the incident light is absorbed by the colored dye.

Merits of E-papero Paper-like Readabilityo They are persistent without power, drawing current only when

they change, which means low power consumption therefore batteries can be smaller and last longer.

o An electronic ink display module is thinner, lighter weight, and more robust than conventional LCD's.

o Electronic Paper is highly flexible and it is able to be twisted or bended into different curvatures. The Electronic Paper can be applied to different shapes of products, without being limited to being bonded to flat display panels.

o They are completely reflective requiring no backlight.o They are inherently bi-stable for extended periods of time.o Simple Manufacturing Process

o The manufacturing process is carried out using a roll- to-roll method, similar to printing paper, by injecting dielectric fluid and charged particles into the layer of capsules, and then sealing the top layer. The production is performed continuously at high speed.

Demerits of E-papero Electronic paper technologies have a very low refresh

rate compared to other low-power display technologies, such as LCD.

o A shadow of an image may be visible after refreshing parts of the screen. Such shadows are termed "ghost images", and the effect is termed "ghosting“.

Because of ghosting the entire screen is refreshed white and black when loading a new image.

An example of this limit is that a document cannot be smoothly zoomed without either extreme blurring during the transition or a very slow zoom.

E-paper

16APPLICATIONS

E-ink and other cool watch technologies in this primer on the best watches to hit the watch industry in years. Now next generation digital watch featuring a capacitive touch screen and Smartphone-like watch apps.

E-ink display platforms inspire innovative designs and shapes using the lowest power requirements and added durability

WRISTWATCHES

PEBBLE WATCH

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E-paper

An e-book reader, also called an e-book device or e

reader, is a mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of

reading digital e-books and periodicals.Any device that can display text on a screen may

act as an e-book reader, but specialised e-book reader designs may optimise portability,

readability (especially in sunlight), and battery life for this purpose. A single e-book reader is capable of holding the digital equivalent of hundreds of printed texts with no added bulk or measurable

mass.E Ink Active Matrix displays deliver the best

reading experience with the highest contrast and longest battery life for eReaders.

E-BOOK READERS

E-paper

E Ink segmented displays enable engineers and designers to add high contrast displays where power and space limitations have madeit impossible to do so before.

Some examples of indicators are: Cabinet Lock Lexar Jumpdrive

Indicators18

E-paper

In a large department store or supermarket, e-paper can be used for labelling the shelves and price tagging.

ELECTRONIC SHELF LABEL

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E-paper

Some credit cards contain a smart card to store information such as accumulated credit and money expenses etc.

Smart Card Display

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E-paper

Other applications

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MOBILE PHONES

NEWS PAPERS

DIGITAL PHOTO FRAMES

ConclusionElectronic ink is not intended to diminish or do away with traditional displays. Instead electronic ink will initially co-exist with traditional paper and other display technologies. In the long run, electronic ink may have a multibillion-dollar impact on the publishing industry.Ultimately electronic ink will permit almost any surface to become a display, bringing information out of the confines of traditional devices and into the world around us.

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E-paper

referenceso Flexible and Roll-able Displays/Electronic Paper A Brief

Technology Overview Rong-Chang (R.C.) Liango Paper Electronics and Electronic Paper

by Magnus Berggren*'**, Thomas Kugler*'**, Tommi Remonen*, David Nilsson**,Miaoxiang Chen**, Petronella Norberg"*The Research Institute ACRE0 AB, Bredgatan 34, SE-602 21 Norrkoping, Sweden **Organic Electronics Group, Campus Norrkoping, SE-601 74, Swedeno E-paper: Clarifying future R&D needs by a fundamental

understanding of the maximum performance of current technologies

Author(s): Heikenfeld, J. Novel Devices Lab., Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA 

o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_papero International Journal Of Advance Research In Science And

Engineering http://www.ijarse.com IJARSE, Vol. No.2, Issue No.9, September 2013o Image taken from: http://www.eink.com/technology.html http://www.google.com/imageso http://www.amazon.in/gp/product/B007RF5F0Q/

ref=famstripe_kp3

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E-paper

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