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eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas1
Zoraini Wati Abas, Ed.D.Director
Institute of Quality, Research & Innovation
Open University Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Mobile Learning for Open and Distance Learning:
Opportunities and Challenges
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas2 26-30 October 2009
After a decade of mad human scrambling to attempt to understand
e-learning and blended learning, we now are confronted with mobile or m-
learning, and ubiquitous or u-learning.
Curtis Bonk (2009)
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas3 26-30 October 2009
Mobile Learning
Possibilities for ODL
Opportunities & Challenges: A Case Study
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas4
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SUITM
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas5
1980s
1990s
2000 -
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas6
26 million population in Malaysia28.9 million mobile phone subscribers
Source: Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission, 2009http://www.skmm.gov.my/facts_figures/stats/index.asp
Mobile Scenario in Malaysia
26-30 October 2009
Mobile Devices
726-30 October 2009 eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas8
New e-Learning
Infrastructure
(Broadband &
Wireless)
Mobile devices
The driving forces in today’s world of mobile learning
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas9
Generation Y Learners
• Video games• PC• Email• CDs• Individualist
Generation X 1965-80
Generation X 1965-80 • Web
• Cell phone• IM• MP3s• Online
communities
Net Gen(Digital Natives/Millennials)
1981-99 (10-28 yrs old)
Net Gen(Digital Natives/Millennials)
1981-99 (10-28 yrs old)
Baby Boomers1946-64
Baby Boomers1946-64
TV generation
Typewriters Telephone Memos Family focus
Sourc
e:
htt
p:/
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are
.net/
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eese
e/learn
ing-t
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34
14
14
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas10 26-30 October 2009
Current Scenario
Portability/Mobility
Smaller devices
More powerful
Increasingly affordable
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas11 26-30 October 2009
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eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas12 26-30 October 2009
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rcle
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ltin
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ads/
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eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas13 26-30 October 2009
htt
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/i.z
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/blo
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eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas14 26-30 October 2009
htt
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/0/
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eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas15
Characteristics of E-learning
Analog or Digital
Tethered or Mobile
Isolated or Connected
Generic or Personal
Consumption or Creating
Closed or Open
From
David
Wile
y’s
keynote
at
eLe
arn
20
08,
“Openn
ess
an
d
the D
isagg
reg
ate
d Fu
ture
of
Ed
uca
tion”
eLearning
eLearning 2.0
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas16
E-learning 2.0
Analog or Digital
Tethered or Mobile
Isolated or Connected
Generic or Personal
Consumption or Creating
Closed or Open
Adap
ted f
rom
David
Wile
y’s
keynote
at
eLe
arn
200
8,
“Openness
and t
he D
isagg
reg
ate
d Fu
ture
of
Ed
uca
tion”
eLearning
eLearning 2.0
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas17
htt
p:/
/thefu
ture
buzz
.com
/pic
s/pow
er
%2
0use
rs/p
art
2/s
oci
al%
20
media
%2
0st
arfi
sh.jpg
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas18
htt
p:/
/ww
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ern
it.c
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/blo
g/
25
6457
1564
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1a48b0
.jpg
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas19 26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas20
http://www.apple.com/education/mobile-learning/
iTunes U
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas21
htt
p:/
/aca
dem
iceart
h.o
rg/
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas22
htt
p:/
/aca
dem
iceart
h.o
rg/
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas23
Samples of Podcasts from Yale
Psychology
Physics
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas24
htt
p:/
/aca
dem
iceart
h.o
rg/
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas25
Different kind of universities (in the future)
26-30 October 2009
Peer2Peer University http://www.p2pu.org/$70,000 seed grant from the Hewlett Foundation to launch its first 10 pilot courses. Opened for enrolment on 9-09-09
http://www.uopeople.org/
“The University of the People is an idea whose time has come".
Dr. Russell S. Winer
Computer and Business Programs
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas26 26-30 October 2009
Transform Learning from Push to Pull
26-30 October 2009eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas27
Adapted from:Morrison(2003). E-Learning strategies: How to get implementation and delivery right the first time. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas28 26-30 October 2009
Put learning into the hands of learners
Change the way we assess learning
26-30 October 2009eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas29
26-30 October 2009eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas30
26-30 October 2009eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas31
http://twitter.com/zoraini
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas32
Mobile learning works best when we . . .
26-30 October 2009
need to push content to learners
want learners to pull content
need to manage the learning process
wish to support interactive learning
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas33
Push-Pull Model of Blended Learning
F2F Learning
Print-based
Learning
New e-Learnin
g
Learners
Push/Pull
Push/Pull
Push/Pull
26-30 October 2009
Institution
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas34
The advantages and benefits?If you have a team filled with the younger
generation (Gen Y), m-learning is likely to be welcomed with
open arms . . . . we are used to getting information via cell phones and iPods, and are accustomed to accessing what we need when we need it.
With its real time format and flexibility, m-learning is just too good to be true for us!
htt
p:/
/corp
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/weekl
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rtic
le/m
ob
ile-
learn
ing/
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas35
Mobile learning at OUM
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas36
Milestones
August 2008
• Mobile learning team set up
October-Decembe
r 2008
• Survey to determine learner’s readiness for mobile learning
Jan 2009
(OUMH1103)• P
odcasting
• mLearn portal
May 2009
(OUMH1103)
• SMS
• mLearn portal
• Learner “buy-in”
• SME “buy-in”
Sept 2009
• Three courses
• Improve blend of m-learning/e-learning, f2f tutorial & print module
• Implementationto start with tutor “buy-in”
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas37
Analysis of Learner Readiness for Mobile Learning at OUM
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas38
Gender
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas39<=25 26-30 31-35 36-40 =>41
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Perc
en
t
16.8614.18 13.51
28.3627.09
Age group
26-30 October 2009
44 percent 42.5 percent
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas40
Do you have a mobile phone?
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas41
Can you imagine yourself as the learner in the above scenario?
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas42
Are OUM learners ready for mobile learning?
Yes (82%)
No (18%)
N = 2,837 (end 2008)
“Can you imagine yourself as the learner in the above scenario?”
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas43
Graph
ical s
imul
atio
ns
Mai
n co
ncep
ts
Onlin
e tu
toria
l (au
dio)
Onlin
e tu
toria
l (vid
eo)
Quizz
es
Remin
ders
Tips
None
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
37.3 37.641.1 39.7 39.3
5448.7
15.5
I would like to receive the following forms of learning con-tent through my mobile device:
pe
rce
nt
I would like to receive the following forms of learning content through my mobile device:
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas44
OU
MH
co
urs
es
Info
rma
tion
Te
chn
o..
.
Ma
the
ma
tics
Sci
en
ce
So
cia
l Sci
en
ce
Oth
er0
10
20
30
40
50
60
52.9
14.79.4 8.3
2.9 4.1
What type of courses would you like to receive through m-learning?
pe
rce
nt
What type of courses would you like to receive through m-learning?
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas45
OUM mobile learninghttp://mlearn.oum.edu.my/index_m.htm
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas 46
Mobile Learning Content Creation Worskhop (SMS content) 25 April 2009
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas47
Mobile learning – OUMH1103 (sms & podcasts) Forum, content, Tips,
Motivation, Course Management via SMS
SMSes received by OUMH1103 1863 learners & 74 tutors
SMSes planned for the May semester in advance were sent to tutors
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas48
Mobile learning – OUMH1103 (sms & podcasts) 2-3 SMS per week Sent around 8pm on week
days Learners reminded (through
tutors, & facebook) to update their mobile Update their user profile in
myLMS Call IQRI Email [email protected] Pass mobile number to tutors
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas49
Latest Info Mobile learning –
OUMH1103 (sms & podcasts) Podcasts avaliable
at http://mlearn.oum.edu.my
Facebook community http://www.facebook.com/home.php?ref=home#/pages/Kuala-Lumpur-Malaysia/OUM-Mobile-Learning
http://twitter.com/oumh1103 for “archive” of SMS
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas50
Categories of SMS and ExamplesCategory ExampleContent15
There are 4 pairs of learning styles: Active/Reflective; Sensing/Intuitive; Visual/Verbal; Sequential/Global. Which is yours? See Appendix 1.1
Course Management6
Hi there! Warm greetings from OUM Mobile Learning Team. For your info, you may view previous SMSes online at http://twitter.com/oumh1103
Forum4
What are the strategies & advantages of OUM blended learning modes? Discuss in myLMS forum.
Tips4
Do you know you can change your password in myLMS? Try or ask your tutor
Motivation2
Motivation Quote: “The man who can drive himself further once the effort gets painful is the man who will win” by Roger Bannister
26-30 October 2009
Total = 31 SMS
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas51
Formative Evaluation (mid May 2009 semester) 51 learners 12 tutors 6 learning centres
Generally receptive Feelings about SMS Actions upon
receiving SMS Timing and frequency Usefulness of the SMS
Abas, Lim & Woo (2009). Mobile learning initiative through SMS: A formative evaluation, ASEAN J. Open Distance Learning, 1(1)
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas52
Formative Evaluation (mid May 2009 semester)
Source: Abas, Z.W., Lim, T. & Woo. T.K. (2009). Mobile learning initiative through SMS: A formative evaluation, ASEAN J. Open Distance Learning, 1(1), 49-58.
Feelings about SMS
Termenung sekejap
Kita rasa kita ni so special
U rasa OUM beri perhatian, saya
rasa dihargai, saya suka terima SMS
Actions upon
receiving SMS
Saya gembira terima SMS tapi tak boleh reply
If on forum, wait til got time
Timing and Frequency
Waktu malam memang tak sesuai . . .
Sebelum 10 mlm okay
If it’s beneficial why not every
day?
It’s mechanical if frequency is set at two times or three
times a week. Should have more
frequent discussions nearer
the exam
Usefulness of the SMS
When I receive it in the morning, it
sort of helps me to plan for the
evening
I got a flood of students coming
into the forum . . .
For me this system should be continued . . . SMS
is important for me
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas53
Comments in Facebook
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas54 26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas55 26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas56
Summative Evaluation - 712 learners(end May 2009 semester)
26-30 October 2009
26.635.5
49.4 47.7
3.1
2.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Uselfulness Motivation
Ave
arag
e %
Ag
reem
ent
Disagree & StronglyDisagree
Agree
Srongly Agree
Learners’ Perception of Usefulness and Motivation
Sourc
e:
Abas,
Z.W
.,
Lim
, T.
, H
arv
inder
Kaur,
Wei, W
.S.
(20
09
).
Desi
gn a
nd im
ple
menta
tion o
f m
obile
learn
ing
at
Open U
niv
ers
ity M
ala
ysi
a.
Paper
subm
itte
d t
o t
he S
EA
AIR
20
09
confe
rence
.
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas57
Summative Evaluation - 712 learners(end May 2009 semester)
26-30 October 2009
12.3 15.3 14.4 25.5
52.449.552.544.2
3.54.94.66.3
0102030405060708090
Conten
tTips
Mot
ivatio
n
Course
Mana
gement
Ave
rag
e %
Ag
reem
ent
Disagree & StronglyDisagreeAgree
Strongly Agree
Perceived Effectiveness of the Various SMS Categories
Sourc
e:
Abas,
Z.W
.,
Lim
, T.
, H
arv
inder
Kaur,
Wei, W
.S.
(20
09
).
Desi
gn a
nd im
ple
menta
tion o
f m
obile
learn
ing
at
Open U
niv
ers
ity M
ala
ysi
a.
Paper
subm
itte
d t
o t
he S
EA
AIR
20
09
confe
rence
.
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas58
From a student’s email . . .
26-30 October 2009
You guys made a great difference by alerting we distance learners with
questions & statements, keeping up all along the ODL module &
tutorials, encouraging our learning. Our “lecturer,” helped and
encouraged us to respond to the messages you guys posted, by
creating a specific section in the forum for discussions of SMS’s.
I strongly believe that this mode of on the move, two-way
communicative learning methodology will be very beneficial and help to complement, the self-learning, the face to face tutorial
and on-line learning.
Email received on 3 Aug 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas59
Mobile learning at OUM is like having a/an:
alarm clock that tells the learner when to studycoach who tells the learner what to study, motivate, engage and keep the learner on trackpersonal assistant to remind the learner of important dates and things to do
Tutor in the pocket
26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas60 26-30 October 2009
SMS
The Future
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas61
The When and What of M-Learning
Productive use of time that would have otherwise been wasted while waiting, traveling, exercising, etc.
Viewing, listening, interacting to a wide range of content and being reminded of important tasks and events via mobile/hand-held devices. 26-30 October 2009
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas62
Anytime/Anywhere Learning
Learning on the go
Push-Pull learning (the
future)
Mobile Learning at
OUM 26-30 October 2009
Current
Future
eLearn-Zoraini Wati Abas63
Thank You
On the web:[email protected]@gmail.com
http://research-zwa.blogspot.com/
http://eyeonlearning.blogspot.com/
http://twitter.com/zoraini
http://www.facebook.com/zoraini
26-30 October 2009
http://www.slideshare.net/zoraini/ici9keynote-zwa-aug13-2009