e Div 10 Surface Treatments

DIVISION 10 SURFACE TREATMENTS 289

10.1 Scope 289 10.2 Single And Multiple Surface Treatments 289

10.2.1 Description 289 10.2.2 Materials 289 10.2.3 Recycled Asphaltic Concrete Mixes 290

10.2.3.1 Job Mix Formula Proposal 290 10.2.3.2 Acceptance Of Job Mix Formula 290

10.2.4 Equipment 291 10.2.4.1 Asphalt Sprayer 291 10.2.4.2 Aggregate Spreaders 291 10.2.4.3 Pneumatic Rollers 291

10.2.5 Application Rates For Asphaltic Material 291 10.2.6 Weather Limitations 292 10.2.7 Traffic Control 292 10.2.8 Construction 293

10.2.8.1 Surface Preparation For Asphaltic Surface Treatments 293 10.2.8.2 Application Temperatures For Asphaltic Material 294 10.2.8.3 Calibration And Adjustment Of The Distributor 294 10.2.8.4 Production Start-Up Procedures For Surface Treatment 294 10.2.8.5 Procedures For Pre-Coating 294 10.2.8.6 Procedures For Applying Asphaltic Materials 295 10.2.8.7 Procedures For Spreading Aggregate Screenings 295 10.2.8.8 Adding Asphaltic Material And Aggregate Screenings 295 10.2.8.9 Correction Of Defects 295 10.2.8.10 Calculation Of Asphalt Content And Aggregate

Gradation 297

10.2.9 Surface Maintenance And Facility Protection 297 10.2.10 Work Acceptance 297

10.2.10.1 Quality Control 298 10.2.10.2 Quality Assurance 298

10.2.11 Measurements 299 10.2.12 Payment 299

10.3 Slurry Seal And Micro-Surfacing 300 10.3.1 Description 300 10.3.2 Materials 300 10.3.3 Job Mix Formula 301 10.3.4 Equipment 301

10.3.4.1 Slurry Seal/Micro-Surfacing Mixing Machine 302 10.3.4.2 Slurry Seal/Micro-Surfacing Spreading Machine 302

10.3.5 Weather Limitations 303 10.3.6 Traffic Control 303 10.3.7 Construction 303 10.3.8 Surface Skid Resistance 304 10.3.9 Work Acceptance 304

10.3.9.1 Quality Control Procedures 304 10.3.9.2 Quality Assurance Procedures 304

10.3.10 Measurements 305

10.3.11 Payment 305 10.4 Fog Seal 306

10.4.1 Description 306 10.4.2 Materials 306 10.4.3 Application Rates 306 10.4.4 Equipment 306 10.4.5 Construction 306

10.4.5.1 Surface Preparation 306 10.4.5.2 Preparation Of Asphalt Material 306 10.4.5.3 Test Sections 307 10.4.5.4 Application Of Asphalt Material And Blotter Sand 307 10.4.5.5 Maintenance Of Fog Seal Layer 307

10.4.6 Traffic Control 307 10.4.7 Weather Limitations 307 10.4.8 Work Acceptance 308

10.4.8.1 Quality Control 308 10.4.8.2 Quality Assurance 308

10.8.9 Measurements 308 10.4.10 Payment 309

General Specifications of Urban Roads Construction Division 10 - Surface Treatments

Ministry of Municipal & Rural Affairs – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 289

DIVISION 10

SURFACE TREATMENTS

10.1 Scope: This Division consists of furnishing and construction surface treatments using

asphalt or asphalt-aggregate mixes for less than twenty-five (25) millimeter layers. It specifies the requirements for materials, equipment, and construction methods. Surfaces treatments usually don not increase the structural adequacy of the pavement, but they provide protection to it. Surface treatments are prepared in central mixing plants or mixed directly on roads.

Surface treatments are used for: seal coat for low volume roads of less that one hundred (100) vehicles per day, seal coat for roads in remote areas which is difficult to have central plants, provide temporary asphalt layer over a new asphalt base course, provide a skid resistant surface, provide tack coat between asphaltic concrete layers, provide water-proof layer over the asphaltic layers, rejuvenate old asphalt surfaces, seal pavement cracks, and as dust palliative. This Division contains the following surface treatments:

1. Prime coat: It shall be constructed according to Section 8.3 in these General Specifications.

2. Tack coat: It shall be constructed according to Section 8.3 in these General Specifications.

3. Single and multiple surface treatments. 4. Slurry seal/Micro-surfacing. 5. Fog seal.

10.2 Single and Multiple Surface Treatments: 10.2.1 Description:

This Section consists of placing single or double applications of asphaltic material and aggregate screenings over a stable surface which capable to the expected traffic. This surface may be base or subbase layers or existing road surface. 10.2.2 Materials: Asphalt Materials: It shall be one of the following: 1. Asphalt cement (modified or unmodified) of 40/50 or 60/70 penetration grade

conforming to the quality requirements specified in Table (7.2.1) in these General Specifications. When asphalt modifiers are used, they shall conform to the quality requirements specified in Item 7.2.4.

2. Liquid asphalt of rapid curing type RC-800 or RC-4 conforming to the quality requirements specified in Table (7.2.3.A) and (7.2.3.B), respectively in these General Specifications.

3. Emulsified asphalt of rapid setting type RS-2 or CRS-2 conforming to the quality requirements specified in Table (7.2.4) and (7.2.7), respectively in these General Specifications.



Aggregate: unless stated otherwise in the Special Specifications or Contract’s Documents, it shall conform to the gradation requirements specified in Table (7.3.7) and shall conform to quality requirements specified in Tables (7.3.1) (type 8) in these General Specifications.

Mineral Filler: Mineral filler shall conform to the requirements specified in Item 7.3.4 in these General Specifications.

Pre-coating Aggregates Materials: The proportion of adhesion agent used is generally one (1) percent by volume of the asphaltic materials used in treatment. Materials used for pre-coating aggregate to promote adhesion may be one of the following types: 1. Asphalt based materials include medium curing cutback (MC) asphalt and

special refinery prepared cutback asphalt which may include an adhesion agent. 2. Oil based materials for pre-coating usually comprises an adhesion agent

dissolved in petroleum oil such as distillate, or kerosene, or water. 10.2.3 Recycled Asphaltic Concrete Mixes:

10.2.3.1 Job Mix Formula Proposal: A proposed Job Mix Formula (JMF) shall be formulated by the Contractor and

submitted to the Ministry for approval at least thirty (30) days before producing the asphaltic surface treatment. The information shall include, but not be limited to the following: 1. The source or sources and gradation of the aggregate for each mix to be

furnished. 2. The source or sources of the asphaltic materials for each mix to be furnished. 3. Original test data and a written certification signed and stamped by the

Contractor, that the aggregates to be furnished conforms to all of the quality requirements.

4. Original test data of the type and properties of the asphalt materials with a written certification signed and stamped by the Contractor.

5. The proposed beginning date for producing asphaltic surface treatment mixes. 6. List of all equipment to be used in constructing surface treatments 7. Supply the adequate amounts of aggregates, asphalt materials for checking

purposes. The Ministry’s representatives shall be provided access to the materials sampling and testing operations at all times. 10.2.3.2 Acceptance of Job Mix Formula: The Ministry the JMF and all related matters, submitted by the Contractor according to the following steps: 1. Contractor submits a JMF proposal as described above. 2. The Ministry shall review the JMF to assure that it contains all requirements. If

it does not contain all required information, it shall be returned within seven (7) days to the Contractor for further action and resubmission by the Contractor.

3. If the proposed JMF contains all required information but fails to meet all of the requirements specified, it shall not be accepted by the Engineer and will be returned to the Contractor within fourteen (14) days. The Contractor shall prepare and submit to the Ministry a revised JMF conforming to the requirements specified.



4. The fist-day work shall be considered as a field control strip. It shall be assured that mix is constructible. The Contractor shall not start the work without written acceptance fro the Engineer according the first-day work.

The Contractor shall not alter the methods of manufacturing, screening, mixing, stockpiling of aggregate, or production of asphalt mixtures since this alteration will mandate evaluation of JMF. Changing JMF shall not be permitted without retesting and resubmission of a proposed (revised) JMF in accordance with all the steps in Sub item 8.6.3.1 in these General Specifications. 10.2.4 Equipment: The Contractor shall furnish suitable equipment with the skilled trained technical staff to operate and execute the surface treatment work. This equipment shall include power brooms, suitable aggregate spreader, rollers, heating equipment, and asphalt sprayers. The number and the production capacity of this equipment shall be within the Contract time in accordance with his Program of Work as approved by the Engineer. This equipment shall be, but not limited to, the following: 10.2.4.1 Asphalt Sprayer:

The asphaltic material shall be applied using a truck-mounted distributor capable of spraying evenly heated asphalt through an adjustable full circulation spray bar. It shall also have precise controls including tachometer, thermometer, pressure gage, and volume measuring device on calibrated tank to uniformly deposit asphalt over the full width at the required rate. Prior to beginning any work specified in this Section, and at all times during the performance of the work, the Contractor shall demonstrate, in the presence of the Engineer, that the distributor spray bar has been maintained and adjusted so that the nozzles provide a true triple lap without ridges or voids, that all nozzles are functioning as intended and that the distributor is capable of applying asphaltic material within eight-hundredth (0.08) liters per square meter of the specified rate.

10.2.4.2 Aggregate spreaders:

Aggregate spreaders shall be self-propelled and capable of spreading aggregate uniformly to full lane widths. 10.2.4.3 Pneumatic Rollers:

Rollers shall be light self-propelled pneumatic-tired and two-axle smooth-drum tandem steel rollers. The light self-propelled pneumatic-tired rollers shall be constructed so that they may be loaded to provide a gross weight of at least forty (40) kilograms per centimeter of width of tire tread. The tires on the front and rear axles shall have wide smooth treads and shall be staggered to provide complete coverage of the entire area over which the roller travels. The tires shall be inflated to a pressure that has been approved by the Engineer and the pressure shall be reasonably uniform in all tires. The Contractor shall provide a suitable gauge for determining air pressure in the tires.

10.2.5 Application Rates for Asphaltic Material: The exact application rates shall be directed by the Engineer which, in his judgment, will provide the results contemplated by the specifications. Tables (10.2.1)



and (10.2.2) shows the application rates specified for single and multiple surface treatments.

Table 10.2.1: Application rates for single surface treatment materials

Type and grade of asphaltic material

Asphaltic layer final thickness,

(mm)

Asphaltic rate

(liter/m2)

Aggregate gradation

(Table 7.3.7)

Aggregate rate (Kilogram/m2)

RC-800 (RC-4) 12 1.5-2.0 3 14-18 RS-2, CRS-2 12 1.6-2.2 3 14-18 RC-800 (RC-4) 16 1.8-2.3 2 20-28 RS-2, CRS-2 16 2.0-2.5 2 20-28

Table 10.2.2: Application rates for multiple surface treatment materials

Type and grade of asphaltic material

Asphaltic layer final thickness,

(mm)

Asphaltic rate

(liter/m2)

Aggregate gradation

(Table 7.3.7)

Aggregate rate (Kilogram/m2)

RC-800 (RC-4) First application - 1.1-1.8 1 20-28 Second application 25 1.6-2.1 4 12-16

RS-2, CRS-2 First application - 1.2-1.9 1 20-28 Second application 25 1.8-2.3 4 12-16 10.2.6 Weather Limitations:

Asphaltic material shall not be sprayed during sand or dust storms, rainfall, or before any imminent storms that might damage the construction. Following shall be considered before spraying asphaltic materials: 1. The air and surface temperature shall be at least fifteen (15) degrees Celsius. 2. The air temperature shall be at least twenty (20) degrees Celsius when falling

and the wind shall be less than ten (10) kilometers per hour. 3. No asphaltic material shall be applied which cannot be covered with aggregate

screenings one hour before darkness. 4. The Engineer may require the Contractor to delay application of asphaltic

material until the atmospheric and roadway conditions are satisfactory. 10.2.7 Traffic Control:

The Contractor shall take effective action to prevent all traffic from using the asphaltic surface treatments surfaces until such time as the Engineer has given approval for traffic to use the pavement. All traffic control work shall be done in accordance with the “Manual of Traffic Control through Work Zones” issued by the Ministry of Municipalities and Rural Affairs in 1421H (2001). When the roadway being paved is open to traffic, the following additional requirements shall apply: 1. The Contractor shall assure the safety and convenience of public traffic and

protect the residents and property owners adjacent to the project during all asphaltic surface treatment operations. He shall erect and maintain signs, barricades, and other traffic control devices and shall take effective action to exclude traffic of any description from the roadway surface for as long as may be required in the judgment of the Engineer.

2. When traffic is restricted to a one-way basis, the Contractor shall provide such flagmen and pilot cars as deemed necessary for the protection of traffic and the



treated surface. Traffic may be detoured around the construction in conformance with detailed detour plans including layout, signing, marking and other traffic control devices approved by the Engineer. Detours shall be properly constructed and maintained throughout the period traffic uses the detour. When it is necessary to provide for traffic across the asphaltic surface treatment, the crossing shall be blotted with sand to the extent approved by the Engineer before the crossing is opened to traffic.

3. While construction of a asphaltic surface treatment is in progress, the treated surface of the roadway shall not be used by the Contractor, his agents or others until the Engineer is satisfied that the treated surface will not be damaged by traffic and has given approval for traffic to use the treated surface.

10.2.8 Construction:

10.2.8.1 Surface Preparation for Asphaltic Surface Treatments: Treated Surfaces:

The existing treated surface shall be swept with a rotating broom until the surface is free from dust, dirt or other deleterious material. Surface holes and depressions of high severity, according to Distress Manual issued by the Ministry of Municipalities and Rural Affairs in 1424-1425H, shall be patched. Holes two (2) centimeters in depth or more shall be patched asphaltic concrete materials used in the asphaltic wearing course, while holes less than two (2) centimeters in depth shall be patched with multiple applications of asphaltic material and aggregate screenings. The holes and depressions shall be swept clean, a tack coat applied and patching completed. Patching work shall be completed at least seven (7) days prior to beginning application of the asphaltic surface treatment.

When shown on the plans, specified in the Special Specifications or directed by the Engineer, reshaping the roadway cross section and reducing the depth of longitudinal sags shall be accomplished by pre-leveling with asphaltic concrete wearing material in accordance with the requirements in Section 8.5 in these General Specifications.

All areas patched and pre-leveled with asphaltic concrete wearing course material, after completion of compaction, shall receive a fog seal (Section 10.4 in this Division), diluted with additional water as approved by the Engineer, and applied at an undiluted rate between 0.20 and 0.50 liters per square meter. Untreated Surfaces:

The surface to receive an asphaltic surface treatment, immediately prior to the

first application of asphaltic material, shall conform to the specified compaction and surface elevation tolerance and be free of organic and other deleterious material. A prime coat and tack coat shall be applied in accordance with the requirements of Sections 8.3 and 8.4 in these General Specifications, where a prime coat is applied it shall be allowed to cure for a minimum period of forty-eight (48) hours before proceeding with a second application of asphaltic material.



10.2.8.2 Application Temperatures for Asphaltic Material: Asphaltic materials shall be heated to a uniform temperature as directed by the

Engineer within the limits shown in Table (10.2.3).

Table 10.2.3: Recommended temperature limits for spraying asphalt materials

Distributor spraying temperature, Degree Celsius Asphaltic material type and grade Minimum Maximum

Liquid asphalt RC-800 (RC-4) 95 125

Emulsified asphalt RS-2, CRS-2 50 85

Asphalt cement

All Grades 130 180 or below that at which fogging occurs

10.2.8.3 Calibration and Adjustment of the Distributor: At the beginning of each day's operations, the Contractor shall make checks, tests, and calculations as necessary to confirm that the application rate is uniform and within five (±5) percent of the specified rate, at all points across the roadway width and for at least three hundred (300) meters in length. The information collected shall be reported to the Engineer in writing. The Contractor shall also calibrate the asphalt distributor spray bar height, nozzle angle and pump pressure and check contractual and transverse spread rates weekly according to ASTM D-2995. 10.2.8.4 Production Start-Up Procedures for Surface Treatment:

The Contractor shall provide seven (7) calendar days advance notice before constructing all asphalt surface treatments. The following start-up procedures shall be repeated when resuming production after work has been terminated due to non-conformance or any other reason.

On the first day of production, the contractor shall construct a one hundred fifty

meter (150) long control strip that is one lane wide. The control strip shall be located on the project as designated to confirm the application rates and execution method using materials, placement and compaction procedures intended for the remainder of the surface treatment. Production shall cease after construction of the control strip until the material and the control strip are evaluated and accepted. Acceptable control strips may remain in place and will be accepted as a part of the completed surface treatment.

10.2.8.5 Procedures for Pre-coating:

When aggregate is freshly pre-coated with oil-based materials the fluid pre-coating material tends to cut back the binder in contact with the aggregate and the reduction in viscosity lessens the ability of the binder to hold the aggregate. This effect, which is accentuated by over pre-coating, usually applies for a short time, during which instability or stripping can occur.

When cutback asphalt is used for pre-coating it is an advantage to allow it to dry

on the aggregate before being used. To achieve this, pre-coating should be done at least



one (1) week before use but it may be done up to about two (2) months before the aggregate is used providing that dust is not blown over the stockpile thus reducing the effectiveness of the pre-coating. For oil-soluble material the usual procedure is to mix the required quantity of adhesion agent with the appropriate amount of oil by circulating in a tank. When the adhesion agent is either in a paste or solid form it will be necessary to melt the agent before mixing. Under cold conditions it may be necessary to warm the oil. Complete dispersion of the adhesion agent throughout the oil is essential. Following steps shall be followed in pre-coating process: 1. Prepared pre-coating materials are supplied in drums or bulk and need no further

preparation in the field. 2. Aggregate shall be pre-coated when it is completely dry, and stockpiles away

from moistures after pre-coating. 3. Safety precautions shall be strictly followed when dealing with adhesion agents

may be injurious to health and gloves and eye shields should be worn at all times by personnel handling these materials. Manufacturer’s directions an guidelines shall be followed.

4. Adhesion agents may settle out after some time in solution. Containers should be checked regularly and agitated if necessary.

5. If pre-coating is to be fully effective, all aggregate particles must be completely but thinly coated. The quantity needed to obtain this result will vary with the nature of the aggregate, the efficiency of the pre-coating methods, the absorptive properties of the aggregates, the amount of moisture and dust present, and the type of pre-coating material. Generally four (4) to twelve (12) liters per cubic meter will be necessary. The pre-coating material is usually applied as a fine spray on a moving stream of aggregate.

6. Normally the aggregate shall be stockpiled and checked for quantity and quality some time before being used. Immediately before the work commences, a check on the aggregate should be made to see if further pre-coating or other treatment is necessary. In some areas aggregate is pre-coated at the crushing site by running the freshly

crushed and screened aggregate through a pugmill fed with a asphalt-based pre-coating material. 10.2.8.6 Procedures for Applying Asphaltic Materials:

Asphaltic material shall be applied at the specified rates upon the prepared surface using asphalt distributors. Areas missed during the application of asphaltic material shall be immediately covered using the hand held nozzle and the same type and grade of asphaltic material. The area covered with asphaltic material shall be no larger than can be covered with aggregate within five (5) minutes from the time of application on any part of the roadway.

Where application of asphaltic material begins at the end of a previous

application of asphaltic material, and when directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall cover the full width of the end of the previous application with building paper at least eighty (80) centimeters wide. The application of asphaltic material shall begin on the paper when the distributor is advancing at a speed that provides for uniform distribution of the asphaltic material. The building paper shall be removed before application of aggregate screenings begins.



10.2.8.7 Procedures for spreading Aggregate Screenings: After the asphaltic material has been evenly spread over the roadway surface,

aggregate of the grading specified shall be evenly applied to the roadway surface by a self-propelled spreader box.

The aggregate shall be spread in one operation on one-half of the roadway in

such a manner that a twenty (20) centimeters strip of asphaltic material is left exposed along the center line of the roadway. Where necessary, thin or open spots in the spread of aggregate shall be corrected by hand spreading or by other methods as may be approved by the Engineer.

As soon as the aggregate has been spread on the first one-half of the roadway, it

shall be rolled as directed by the Engineer with self-propelled pneumatic-tired or smooth-drum steel rollers. The aggregate shall be rolled at speeds not in excess of seven (7) kilometers per hour in such a manner that the aggregate surface receives three (3) complete coverage. All rolling on any area shall be completed within thirty (30) minutes after the aggregate screenings were applied.

After the application of asphaltic material and aggregate to the first half of the

roadway, the remaining half shall be prepared and treated in the same manner as described for the first half. Where there is an excess of aggregate, it shall be distributed evenly over the adjacent roadway or picked up by shoveling into trucks.

Where specified, subsequent applications of asphaltic material and aggregate

shall proceed as directed by the Engineer. When multiple applications of asphaltic material and aggregates are specified, no one application of aggregate shall precede a second application of aggregate by more than two thousand (2000) meters.

When the final application of aggregate has been placed over any length of the

full-width of roadway, rolled as specified and inspected by the Engineer, it shall be broomed to remove excess aggregate. When traffic is allowed to use the completed surface treatment, it shall be broomed for five days following application of the aggregate, as directed by the Engineer, to reduce the detrimental effects from free aggregate particles.

Trucks hauling aggregates shall operate in a manner and at reduced speeds so

that no damage is done to the surface treatment, as determined by the Engineer.

10.2.8.8 Adding Asphaltic Material and Aggregate Screenings: If the application of asphaltic material or aggregate screening, or both, placed on

any portion of the roadway is insufficient for the required results, the Engineer may direct the Contractor to make additional applications of one or all materials in accordance with these specifications.

10.2.8.9 Correction of Defects:

All areas unsprayed by the distributor or damage to the treated surface of any application shall be immediately repaired by hand patching. Holes which develop in the surface shall be repaired in a similar manner. All costs incurred in making said repairs shall be at the Contractor's expense.



Defects such as raveling, bleeding of asphaltic material, lack of uniformity, or other imperfections caused by faulty workmanship or materials shall be corrected as directed by the Engineer and new work shall not be started until such defects and the causes of the defects have been remedied.

All improper workmanship and defective materials shall be removed from the

roadway by the Contractor and replaced with approved materials and workmanship at the Contractor's expense. The removed materials shall be disposed of as specified in Division 5 in these General Specifications. 10.2.8.10 Calculation of Asphalt Content and Aggregate Gradation:

The uniformity and rate of application of asphaltic material at locations selected by the Engineer is tested using test pads that shall consist of three (3) pieces of building paper each thirty (30) centimeters by sixty (60) centimeters attached to plywood strips sixty (60) centimeters by ninety (90) centimeters by one and one-quarter (1.25) centimeters, or other materials as may be approved by the Engineer. The building paper shall be weighed accurately before being attached to the plywood strips. Testing shall be done as follows: 1. The sixty (60) centimeter by ninety (90) centimeter by one and one-quarter (1.25)

centimeters plywood strips and building paper shall be placed at three (3) randomly selected roadway locations for each five thousand (5,000) square meter lot of surface treatment to be placed. The distributor shall apply asphaltic material to the test pads during routine operations. Placement of screenings shall proceed as specified.

2. After collecting the asphaltic material, the building paper shall be carefully removed from the plywood strips and weighed. The rate of application on each thirty (30) centimeter by sixty (60) centimeter test pad shall be within ninety and one hundred ten (90 and 110) percent of the approved rate.

Aggregate gradation shall be tested by taking five (5) samples from the spreader discharge at random intervals during the construction of each one thousand (1,000) square meter or a one-day work, whichever minimum. The sample shall be tested immediately and the results reported to the Engineer. 10.2.9 Surface Maintenance and Facility Protection:

The Contractor shall maintain completed surface treatments and all damage resulting from any cause shall be repaired by the Contractor at his expense within the first year from project completion and before the final acceptance of the executed work. All bridge handrails, curbs, road signs or other facilities shall be protected from splashing of the asphaltic material. The Contractor shall immediately remove asphaltic material from said facilities. Protection and cleaning shall be accomplished at the Contractor's cost. 10.2.10 Work Acceptance:

The Contractor shall apply quality control procedures for all asphaltic surface treatments works to ensure that the materials used and the executed work conform to these General Specifications and other Contract’s Documents. The Ministry shall assure the quality of production by checking that the Contractor is performing the quality control procedures in correct manners. The Ministry may have a direct supervision on the quality control system or by applying quality assurance procedures in an independent unbiased way, on adequate number of samples to judge the execution level



and decide whether to accept or reject the work. Division 17 in these General Specifications shall be used for this purpose, unless stated otherwise in the Special Specifications or Contract’s Documents. 10.2.10.1 Quality Control:

The Contractor shall perform all required tests and measurements, and shall collect, document, and draw the critical property diagrams to ensure that the raw materials at source, materials while work execution, asphaltic surface treatments produced, and the executed work are within acceptable limits. The tests may be performed at The Contractor’s laboratory or at an independent laboratory, approved by the Ministry. The Contractor shall submit copies of all test results to the Engineer. Table (10.2.4) shows the tests that the Contractor shall perform on raw materials and mixes, the frequency of these tests, and the allowance limits. The Contractor shall submit copies of all tests to the Engineers and shall apply all requirements detailed in Item 17.1.1 in these General Specifications.

10.2.10.2 Quality Assurance :

The Ministry reserves the right, at any time, to assure the quality of materials and executed work by performing or ordering the Contractor to perform, under its direct supervision, some or all quality control tests that are shown previous Subitem. The Ministry has also the right to inspect all Contractors' quality control test records and compare them with its quality assurance test done according to Division 17 in these General Specifications. Ministry may inspect Contractor's laboratory, devices, technical staff, and testing methods to assure the full adequacy and capability of the Contractor to execute the work according to standard approved methods.

Table 10.2.4: Quality control requirements for surface treatments

Work Properties Test Method Sample location Sampling frequency Requirements

Asphalt materials

Quality requirements

tests

Certification of compliance and supply and source change Section 7.2

Aggregates Quality

requirements/ Gradation

Three (3) tests at start of work or source change

Tables 7.3.1 and 7.3.7

Pre-coating materials


tests

Certification of compliance and supply and source change Item 10.2.2

Raw materials

Mineral Filler


tests

Source

Certification of compliance and supply and source change Item 7.3.4

Aggregate gradation

AASHTO T-164/T-27

one random samples at material discharge every one thousand (1000)

square meters from the completed work

JMF requirements

Material at use

Asphalt content

Sub item 10.8.8.10

Project site One (1) test every discharge every two

thousand (2000) square meters from each completed layer or a day work

JMF requirements



10.2.11 Measurements: Each type of asphaltic surface treatment specified and completed within the

lines shown on the plans or ordered by the Engineer shall be measured in square meters surface treatment placed outside authorized limits shall not be measured for payment purposes.

Mineral fillers, chemical admixtures and asphalt modifiers used by the contractor to meet the Job Mix Formula (JMF) requirements will be considered subsidiary to the construction of the asphaltic surface treatments and will not be measured separately unless specifically stated in the Special Specifications and listed in the Bill of Quantities. When they are listed in the Bill of Quantities and specified in the Special Specifications they shall be measured in liters, kilograms, or tons.

Pre-coating aggregates shall be measured by square meter and include the areas

where the aggregates were acceptably pre-coated with asphalt cement and incorporated into the asphaltic surface treatment when pre-coating is required by the Special Specifications and listed in the Bill of Quantities.

Asphaltic wearing course material furnished and placed for reshaping the

roadway cross-section as shown on the plans, specified or directed by the Engineer shall be measured in cubic meters in accordance with the methods described in Section 8.5 in these General Specifications unless otherwise considered subsidiary to the construction of the asphaltic surface treatments.

10.2.12 Payment:

Payment shall be made at the contract unit price, or adjusted contract unit price, per square meter measured as described in the pervious Item for each grading and class of surface treatments listed in the Bill of Quantities.

The above prices and payment shall cover and be full compensation for

furnishing labor, materials, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary for completing all work involved in construction of asphaltic concrete pavement. Payment will be made according to items shown in Table (10.2.5), unless stated otherwise in the Special Specifications or Contract’s Documents.

Table 10.2.5: Surface treatments pay items

No. Pay Item Pay units

10.2.1 Single surface treatment Square meter 10.2.2 Multiple surface treatments Square meter 10.2.3 Aggregate pre-coating Square meter 10.2.4 Surface preparation and correcting defects Square meter



10.3 Slurry Seal and Micro-Surfacing: 10.3.1 Description:

This Section consists of mixing emulsified asphaltic material, aggregate, water and specified additives and spreading the mixture on a clean surface after filling cracks and holes (if any) within the lines shown on the plans, as specified in these specifications and the Special Specifications, and as directed by the Engineer: The slurry seal is used in preventive and corrective maintenance of asphaltic pavements. When used in old pavements, it closes cracks effectively, stops the disintegration, proofs water, and promotes skid resistance. The slurry seal is executed in three (3) to six (6) millimeters depth. There are three types of slurry seal according to the aggregate gradation shown in Table (7.3.6), in these General Specifications and according to the asphalt residue in the mix. These types are shown in Table (10.3.1).

Table 10.3.1: Asphalt residue in slurry seal mixes

Slurry seal type Percent of asphalt residue by weight of the total mix

Type I (gradation 1)* 10-16 Type II (gradation 2)* 7.5-13.5 Type III (gradation 3)* 6.5-12

(*) From Table (7.3.6)

Micro-surfacing surface treatment is produced by modifying the emulsified asphalt by polymer. Micro-surfacing is used for pavements that require quicker opening to traffic than the normal slurry seal mixes. 10.3.2 Materials: Asphalt Materials: It shall be an emulsified asphalt of type SS-1h, CSS-1h, QS-1H, or CQS-1H conforming to quality requirements specified in Tables (7.2.6) and (7.2.7) in these General Specifications. The polymer-modified emulsified asphalt of type CSS-1h is used to produce micro-surfacing mixes. Aggregate: It shall be according to the slurry seal type (I, II, or III) conforming to gradation requirements specified in Table (7.3.6) (gradations 1, 2, and 3), and shall conform to the quality requirements specified in Table (7.3.1) (Type 7) in these General Specifications. Gradations 1 and 2 are used to produce micro-surfacing mixes, which shall conform to the quality requirements shown in Table (10.3.2).

Table 10.3.2: Quality requirement for micro-surfacing aggregate

Test Test method Requirement

Los Angeles Abrasion Test, Max. (percent) AASHTO T-96 30 Sand Equivalent. Min. (percent) AASHTO T-176 65 Soundness. (percent) by: Sodium Sulfate: Magnesium Sulfate , Max:

AASHTO T-104

15 25



Water: Water shall be of such quality that the asphaltic material will not separate from the emulsion before the slurry seal is in place in the work. Mineral Filler: Mineral filler shall conform to the requirements specified in Item 7.3.4 in these General Specifications. Chemical Admixtures and Asphalt Modifiers: The types and amounts of chemical admixtures/asphalt modifiers used shall be limited to those listed in the Special Specifications or proposed by the Contractor and approved by the Ministry. They shall conform to the requirements specified in Table (7.2.4) in these General Specifications. 10.3.3 Job Mix Formula

The Contractor shall prepare a technical report about JMF according to ASTM D-3910 by a qualified and a Ministry authorized laboratory and not less than fourteen (14) days before the work is scheduled to commence. The report shall detail the mix design covering the specific materials and proportions of each to be used. The Contractor shall also furnish to the Engineer samples of each of the materials to be used, sufficient to produce fifty (50) kilograms of slurry seal mixture. The Engineer will make additional tests at his option. When the Engineer is satisfied with the materials to be used, the mixture proportions and the test results, he shall notify the Contractor in writing of his approval of the mix design. Slurry seal shall conform to the quality requirements shown in Table (10.3.3).

The laboratory shall report the quantitative effects of moisture content on the

unit weight of the combined aggregates. The mix proportions shall include:

1. Type pf asphalt material to be used. 2. Percent by dry weight of aggregate. 3. Maximum and minimum quantity of mineral filler (if used) as a percent of the

dry weight of aggregate. 4. Maximum and minimum quantity of water as a percent of the dry weight of

aggregate. 5. Quantity of emulsified asphaltic material as a percent of the dry weight of

aggregate. 6. The type and quantity of mineral fillers and/or chemical admixtures/asphalt

modifiers to be used. The mixture shall be capable of uncontrolled traffic no more than three (3) hours after placement. The mixture shall not exhibit bleeding, raveling, separation, or other distress. 10.3.4 Equipment:

The Contractor shall furnish suitable equipment, tools, and devices to design, test, and execute the slurry seal/micro-surfacing work within the Contract time in accordance with his Program of Work as approved by the Engineer. The equipment shall always be in good operational conditions. This equipment shall include the following:



Table 10.3.3: Quality requirements for slurry seal/micro-surfacing mixes

Requirements Test Test Method Slurry seal Micro-surfacing

Slurry Seal Consistency, millimeter ISSA(*) TB-106 20-30 - Wet-track Abrasion Loss, gram per square millimeter, Maximum ISSA TB-100 (**) 800 One hour = 540

Six days = 810 Excess Asphalt, gram per square millimeter ISSA BT-109 (**) 500-700 540 Max

Wet Stripping Test ISSA TB-114 Pass Pass Compatibility at minimum temperature ISSA TB-115 Pass - Quick Set Emulsion ISSA TB-102 Pass -

Wet Cohesion, kg-cm, maximum ISSA TB-139 - After 30 min. = 12 After 60min. = 20

Displacement, Max. (percent) ISSA TB-147 - Lateral = 5 Vertical = 10

Classification Compatibility, Minimum ISSA TB-144 - 11 classification points (*) ISSA: International Slurry Seal Association (**) Tests ISSA TB-109 and TB-100 are used to determine optimum asphalt content. In lieu of these test, the

Ministry may require the use of a modified Marshall Stability Test (ISSA TB-140) or Hveem Cohesionmeter Test (ASTM D 1560) to determine optimum asphalt content.

10.3.4.1 Slurry seal/Micro-surfacing Mixing Machine:

The slurry seal/micro-surfacing mixing machine shall conform to the following requirements: 1. It shall be a self-propelled continuous flow mixing unit. The mixing unit shall

be capable of proportioning emulsified asphaltic material, water, aggregate and additives by volume.

2. Each feeder unit shall be calibrated at different gate settings for each slurry-mixing units used in the work. The Contractor shall be provide balances for weighing the aggregate, water, and emulsified asphaltic material so that the accuracy of the pumps and feeder units may be checked at daily intervals during the production of slurry seal/micro-surfacing.

3. The slurry seal/micro-surfacing machine shall be capable of proportioning and mixing individual materials within the following tolerances: • Emulsified asphaltic material content approved by the Ministry is within

plus or minus one (1) percentage point • The percent of aggregate passing each specified sieve shall not vary more

than plus or minus four (4) percent from the approved job mix formula. • The percent of aggregate passing each sieve shall not go from the high limit

to the low limit for any two (2) successive sieves. • The slurry consistency (ISSA TB-106) shall not vary more than five (5)

millimeters from the approved mix design after field adjustments approved by the Engineer.

10.3.4.2 Slurry Seal/Micro-surfacing Spreading Machine:

The spreader machine shall conform to the following requirements: 1. It shall be equipped with a box connected to the mixing machine to prevent

loss of slurry mixture along all sides and have a flexible strike-off rubber belt. The spreader box shall be capable of placing a uniform surface over the width of one lane. It shall have a means for adjusting to deviations in the



pavement surface being sealed. Replacement flexible strike-offs shall be available at all times during the placement of slurry seal/micro-surfacing.

2. The spreading machine shall be capable of spreading the specified rate of slurry materials within a tolerance of plus or minus fifteen (15) percent of the dry aggregate weight.

3. The spreading device shall be kept clean and build-up of slurry materials shall not be allowed.

10.3.5 Weather Limitations:

Slurry seal/micro-surfacing shall not be mixed or placed when the temperature of the surface on which the slurry seal/micro-surfacing is to be placed is less than fifteen (15) degrees Celsius. Slurry seal/micro-surfacing shall not be placed during dust or sand storms, when there is a chance for rain within two (2) hours or when freezing may occur within twelve (12) hours. 10.3.6 Traffic Control:

All traffic control work shall be done in accordance with the “Manual of Traffic Control through Work Zones” issued by the Ministry of Municipalities and Rural Affairs in 1421H (2001). No traffic shall be allowed on the slurry seal for at least three (3) hours after placement, while the surface may be opened to traffic only one (1) hour after the micro-surfacing layer is placed. 10.3.7 Construction:

Slurry seal/micro-surfacing shall be placed in the following steps: 1. The surface to be slurry sealed or micro-surfaced shall be thoroughly cleaned by

brooming, blowing with high-pressure air or with a suitable vacuum. The distresses in this surface (if any) such as cracks shall be repaired before covering the surface.

2. When specified in the Special Specifications, a tack coat consisting of SS-1h or CSS-1h emulsified asphaltic material mixed in the proportion of one (1) part emulsified asphaltic material to three (3) parts water shall be spread at a rate between two-tenths and four-tenths (0.2-0.4) liters per square meter. The exact rate shall be determined by the Engineer.

3. The surface to receive the slurry seal/micro-surfacing shall be pre-wetted by spraying with water at a rate determined by the Engineer. Flowing water in front of the spreading device shall not be allowed.

4. Slurry seal/micro-surfacing material shall be placed based on dry aggregate weight within the rates shown in Table (10.3.4). The exact rate shall be as specified in the Special Specification.

Table 10.3.4: Slurry seal/micro-surfacing application rates

Materials application rate (kilograms per square meter) Slurry seal type

Slurry seal Micro-surfacing Type-I (Gradation 1)* 3.3 to 5.4 - Type-II (Gradation 2)* 5.4 to 8.2 5.4-10.8 Type III (Gradation 3)* 8.2, or more 8.2-16.3

(*) Table (7.3.6), in these General Specifications.



5. The slurry seal/micro-surfacing mixture shall be smooth and homogeneous after spreading on the surface to be sealed and show no evidence of separation of aggregate and emulsified asphaltic material after break setting.

6. Hand tools shall be used to remove spillage. Ridges and bumps in the slurry seal/micro-surfacing surface shall not be permitted. Joints shall be worked with an appropriate hand operated fabric drag and no excessive build-up of slurry mixture, uncovered areas or unsightly appearance shall be permitted on longitudinal and transverse joints.

7. Areas inaccessible to the slurry seal/micro-surfacing mixing and spreading machine may be slurry sealed using hand operated fabric drags.

10.3.8 Surface Skid Resistance:

The surface received slurry seal/micro-surfacing shall conform to the minimum requirements of skid resistance. Unless otherwise stated in the Special Specifications, the minimum acceptable limit of skid resistance according to the International Friction Index (IFI) of the surface shall be thirty five (35) measured by any equipment approved by the Ministry and calculated using the ASTM E-1960. 10.3.9 Work Acceptance:

The Contractor shall apply quality control procedures for all slurry seal/micro-surfacing works to ensure that the materials used and the executed work conform to these General Specifications and other Contract’s Documents.

The Ministry shall assure the quality of production by checking that the

Contractor is performing the quality control procedures in correct manners. The Ministry may have a direct supervision on the quality control system or by applying quality assurance procedures in an independent unbiased way, on adequate number of samples to judge the execution level and decide whether to accept or reject the work. Division 17 in these General Specifications shall be used for this purpose, unless stated otherwise in the Special Specifications or Contract’s Documents. 10.3.9.1 Quality Control Procedures:

The Contractor shall perform all required tests and measurements, and shall collect, document, and draw the critical property diagrams to ensure that the raw materials at source, materials while work execution, slurry seal produced, and the executed work are within acceptable limits. The tests may be performed at The Contractor’s laboratory or at an independent laboratory, approved by the Ministry. The Contractor shall submit copies of all test results to the Engineer. Table (10.3.5) shows the tests that the Contractor shall perform on raw materials and mixes, the frequency of these tests, and the allowance limits. The Contractor shall submit copies of all tests to the Engineers and shall apply all requirements detailed in Item 17.1.1 in these General Specifications.

10.3.9.2 Quality Assurance Procedures:

The Ministry reserves the right, at any time, to assure the quality of materials and executed work by performing or ordering the Contractor to perform, under its direct supervision, some or all quality control tests that are shown previous Sub item.



10.3.10 Measurements: Slurry seal/micro-surfacing shall be measured in square meters for the area upon

which the slurry seal/micro-surfacing was actually placed within the lines shown on the plans, specified or ordered by the Engineer. Surface preparation in terms of crack sealing and patching shall be measured in square meters. 10.3.11 Payment:

Payment shall be made at the contract unit price, or adjusted contract unit price, per square meter measured as described in the pervious Item for each type slurry seal/micro-surfacing listed in the Bill of Quantities.

The above prices and payment shall cover and be full compensation for

furnishing labor, materials, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary for completing all work involved in construction and acceptance of slurry seal/micro-surfacing. Payment will be made according to items shown in Table (10.3.6).

Table 10.3.5: Quality control requirements for slurry seal/micro-surfacing mixes


Asphalt materials Quality

requirements tests

Certification of compliance and supply

and source change


Aggregates Quality

requirements/ Gradation tests

Start of work or source change


Chemical admixture and modifiers


tests


and source change

Contract documents

Raw materials

Mineral Filler Quality

requirements tests

Source


and source change Table 7.3.2

Gradation (Dry mix) AASSTO T-27 Los Angeles

Abrasion AASHTO T-96

Sand equivalent for passing Sieve No. 4 AASHTO T-176

Aggregate before

mix Soundness, Sodium

or Magnesium Sulfate

AASHTO T-104

Plant One (1) test every

month or when the mix properties change

Quality requirements Table 7.3.1

Slurry seal mix ISSA tests Table 10.3.1

Aggregate gradation AASHTO T-164/T-27 Table 7.3.6

Application rate Item 10.3.7 Table 10.3.3

Slurry seal mix

Asphalt content Sub item 10.3.3.1

Project site

One (1) test every production day

JMF

Table 10.3.6: Slurry seal/micro-surfacing pay items


10.3.1 Slurry seal layer Square meter 10.3.2 Micro-surfacing layer Square meter 10.3.3 Surface preparation (crack seal) linear meter 10.3.4 Surface preparation (leveling and patching) Square meter



10.4 Fog Seal: 10.4.1 Description:

This Section consists of constructing the fog deal, materials used, application rates, and defect repaired in the fog seal surface treatments. Fog seal consists of spraying a light application of slow setting emulsified asphalt diluted with water over an existing surface to soften and rejuvenate this surface and seal the cracks in it.

10.4.2 Materials: Asphalt Materials: It shall be an emulsified asphalt of type SS-1, SS-1h, CSS-1 or CSS-1h conforming to quality requirements specified in Tables (7.2.6) and (7.2.7) in these General Specifications. Blotter Sand: It shall be natural sand, manufactured sand, or combinations of both that are free from organic matter or clay, having a grading consisting of one hundred(100) percent passing the 4.75 millimeter (No. 4) sieve and not more than five (5) percent passing the 0.150 millimeter (No. 100) sieve. 10.4.3 Application Rates: The approved undiluted application rate shall be determined from test sections constructed using specified materials with the range of three tenth to seven tenth (0.3 to 0.7) liters per square meter depending on the conditions of the existing surface. 10.4.4 Equipment:

The Contractor shall furnish and operate sufficient equipment to complete the work within the Contract time in accordance with his Program of Work as approved by the Engineer.

Equipment shall include rotary type power brooms, asphalt material distributors,

equipment for heating asphalt material, and air compressors. Asphalt material shall be applied using a truck-mounted distributor capable of uniformly spraying asphalt material full lane widths. Distributor shall be equipped with controls for application rates and asphalt temperature. 10.4.5 Construction: 10.4.5.1 Surface Preparation:

Immediately prior to application of the fog seal, the surface shall be clean and free of dust, organic, and other deleterious material. 10.4.5.2 Preparation of Asphalt Material:

The asphalt material shall be uniform throughout the distributor tank and be heated to the application temperatures required. Table (10.4.1) shows recommended heating temperatures. Prior to spraying, the emulsified asphalt of the types CSS-1h or SS-1h may be mixed with water by one to one (1:1) ratio or any ratio approved by the Engineer.



Table 10.4.1: recommended heating temperatures for fog seal

Material type Temperature (degrees Celsius) CSS-1h/SS-1h 20 - 70 CSS-1/SS-1 20 - 70

10.4.5.3 Test Sections:

The Contractor shall construct two (2) test sections with at least three (3) meters wide by one hundred (100) meters long. Contactor shall establish application rates for fog seal material based on the following:

On the date scheduled or any day prior to beginning fog seal, the Contractor shall apply two (2) or more rates of asphalt material to two consecutive test sections. When the test sections are completed, the fog seal operation shall be halted for a minimum of four (4) hours to allow the Engineer to assess the suitability of the rates applied. Test sections receiving insufficient fog seal shall receive an additional application of fog seal; test sections receiving excess fog seal shall be blotted with sand, when ordered by the Engineer. 10.4.5.4 Application of Asphalt Material and Blotter Sand: The asphalt material coverage shall be uniform without streaking or uncoated spots. When streaking occurs, the application of asphalt material shall cease until adjustments are made to the distributor and application procedures, which will result in elimination of streaking. Uncoated spots shall be coated using the hand held nozzle. Traffic should not be permitted on surfaces which have been fogged until approved by the Engineer. Fog seal shall be allowed to penetrate undisturbed for at least two (2) hours until the emulsified asphalt breaks and is substantially absorbed into the existing surface. Remaining spots of excess asphalt shall be lightly covered with blotter sand before opening the surface to traffic. The emulsified asphalt shall be re-heated, if necessary. The heating temperature shall be more than seventy (70) degrees Celsius after loading the materials to the tanker, unless approved by the Engineer. Stirring the emulsified asphalt shall be continued to avoid localized heating. 10.4.5.5 Maintenance of Fog Seal Layer: When the Engineer feels necessary, and after forty-eight (48) hours, a thin blotter sand layer shall be sprayed for areas not completely dried. 10.4.6 Traffic Control:

All traffic control work shall be done in accordance with the “Manual of Traffic Control through Work Zones” issued by the Ministry of Municipalities and Rural Affairs in 1421H (2001). Additionally, the Contractor shall implement the requirements included in Item 10.2.7 in this Division.

10.4.7 Weather Limitations: Fog seal shall not be applied to any surface when the air and surface temperature is less than fifteen (15) degrees Celsius or during rain, dust or sand storms. Smoking,



starting fires of any kind, and all safety precautions shall be observed by the staff working in fog seal sites. 10.4.8 Work Acceptance:

The Contractor shall apply quality control procedures for all fog seal works to ensure that the materials used and the executed work conform to these General Specifications and other Contract’s Documents.

The Ministry shall assure the quality of production by checking that the

Contractor is performing the quality control procedures in correct manners. The Ministry may have a direct supervision on the quality control system or by applying quality assurance procedures in an independent unbiased way, on adequate number of samples to judge the execution level and decide whether to accept or reject the work. Division 17 in these General Specifications shall be used for this purpose, unless stated otherwise in the Special Specifications or Contract’s Documents.

10.4.8.1 Quality Control :

The Contractor shall perform all required tests and measurements, and shall collect, document, and draw the critical property diagrams to ensure that the raw materials at source, materials while work execution, fog seal produced, and the executed work are within acceptable limits. The tests may be performed at The Contractor’s laboratory or at an independent laboratory, approved by the Ministry. The Contractor shall submit copies of all test results to the Engineer. Table (10.4.2) shows the tests that the Contractor shall perform on raw materials and mixes, the frequency of these tests, and the allowance limits. The Contractor shall submit copies of all tests to the Engineers and shall apply all requirements detailed in Item 17.1.1 in these General Specifications.

10.4.8.2 Quality Assurance :

The Ministry reserves the right, at any time, to assure the quality of materials and executed work by performing or ordering the Contractor to perform, under its direct supervision, some or all quality control tests that are shown previous Sub item.

Table 10.4.2: Quality control requirements for fog seal mixes


Asphalt emulsion Quality requirements

Certification of compliance and supply and source change

Tables 7.2.6 and 7.2.7 Raw

materials Blotter sand Graduation

AASHTO T-27

Source At start of work or source change Item 2.4.10

Blotter sand When needed As needed As needed Materials in use Fog seal application

rate Item 10.4.3 Project

Site One (1) test every day Item 10.4.3

10.4.9 Measurements:

Fog seal shall be measured in square meters for the area upon which the fog seal was actually placed within the lines shown on the plans, specified or ordered by the Engineer. Blotter sand shall not be measured for payment purposes.



10.4.10 Payment: Payment shall be made at the contract unit price, or adjusted contract unit price,

per square meter measured as described in the pervious Item for each type fog seal listed in the Bill of Quantities.

The above prices and payment shall cover and be full compensation for furnishing labor, materials, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary for completing all work involved in construction and acceptance of fog seal. Payment will be made according to items shown in Table (10.4.3).

Table 10.4.3: Fog seal pay items


10.4.1 Fog seal layer Square meter

e Div 10 Surface Treatments

Documents

Transcript of e Div 10 Surface Treatments