Dynamic Assembly of XML-based Content for Learning

Learning Objects Initiative

Public | 19-192004 | http://www.research.ibm.com © 2004 IBM Corporation

Dynamic Assembly of XML-based Content for Learning

Learning Objects Inititiative

Dynamic Assembly of Learning Objects | PUBLIC © 2004 IBM Corporation

Learners often have specific, immediate, and unique learning needs arising from their interests, personal goals, tasks, or assignments

Web-based courses often aim toward a broad audience and miss these unique needs – or must be manually customized to an approximate target audience (an expensive process )

Learners often need small amounts of information scattered across documents, Web sites, content databases, and courses.

Web search engines are insufficient -- they do not organize related search results into a coherent whole for effective and efficient learning

Motivation – Need



The “Dynamic Assembly” Problem

How can a system assemble learning information and activities "on the fly" to meet the user's immediate and specific learning needs?

How can we efficiently create small, repurposable snippets of diverse content? (XML, Learning Object Compiler)

How can we improve search precision for learning objects? (Learning Object Metadata extensions, index both content and metadata)

How can we enabling pluggable learning object components in dynamic learning experiences? (LOM extensions for instructional role)

How can we generate a coherent collection of search results that address the user’s need? (directed RDF graph search)

How can we generate a logical learning progression? (uniform sequencing

policy)



System Architecture

Topic Graph, Topic

Sequence, and Instructional role

Sequence

Search Engine

DynamicAssembly

Engine

CoursePlayer

or LMS

LearningObject

Metadata

Query

Duration,Search Scope

Relevance ranking

Learning Object Organization

Web Resources Learning

ExperienceMetadata

Learning Time,Instructional role, &Topic Metadata

Per-User Data

Personal Custom Course Catalogs & Tracking Data per User

Learner

Custom Course

Learning Object

Compiler

Source Materials

Documents

Presentations

Web Graphs

Courses



Sources Docbook XML

SCORM SCOs

Potential XML Fragments Group & Tag

XML Learning Object Compiler



Pilot Study 7 large IBM Redbooks A series of “how-to manuals” Focused on the WebSphere product line

Over 5,000 pages of text and graphics

300,000 lines of text + 6,000 images Consistent presentation

and writing style No digital rights issues

Challenges: Multiple templates Logical chunks vary in size Dependencies/links Redundancies, coverage gaps

http://www.redbooks.ibm.com



Content Recombination – Modularization and Metatagging

•27 experts •500 learning modules •2-4 hrs avg/expert •100-300 pp,/expert



<module xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"> <chapter id="454623" label="1."> <title>Overview of Web services</title> <sect1 id-=“458846” label=“1.1”> …. </sect1> </chapter></module>

Sample Learning Object Content XML



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <lom xmlns=http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsmd_rootv1p2p1

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsmd_rootv1p2p1 imsmd_rootv1p2p1.xsd">

<general> <title> <langstring xml:lang="en">Overview of Web Services</langstring </title> </general> <typicallearningtime> <datetime>PT69S</datetime> </typicallearningtime>....</lom>

Sample Learning Object Metadata XML

Dynamic Assembly of XML-based Content for Learning

Documents

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