DWtE - Characterisation and Classification of IBA · 2020-01-21 · CLP Regulation (EC) No...

Report Reference: UC14111.2

20 November 2019

DWtE - Characterisation and Classification of IBA

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:12

RESTRICTION: This report has the following limited distribution:

External: Dublin Waste to Energy

Any enquiries relating to this report should be referred to the Project Manager at the following address:

Water Research Centre Limited (WRc), Frankland Road, Blagrove, Swindon, Wiltshire, SN5 8YF Telephone: + 44 (0) 1793 865000

Website: www.wrcplc.co.uk

Follow Us:

WRc is an Independent Centre of Excellence for Innovation and

Growth. We bring a shared purpose of discovering and delivering new and exciting

solutions that enable our clients to meet the challenges of the future. We operate across the

Water, Environment, Gas, Waste and Resources sectors.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:12

http://www.wrcplc.co.uk/

http://uk.linkedin.com/company/wrc-plc

https://twitter.com/WRcPlc

http://www.facebook.com/pages/WRc-Plc/288329784573893

Document History

Version number

Purpose Issued by Quality Checks Approved by

Date

V1.0 Draft final report . Peter Keeley-Lopez Jane Turrell

V2.0 Final report for EPA submission Peter Keeley-Lopez Jane Turrell 20.11.2019

© WRc 2019 The contents of this document are subject to copyright and all rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of WRc.

This document has been produced by WRc.

DWtE - Characterisation and Classification of IBA

Authors:

Jane Turrell Principal Consultant

Resource Efficiency

Date: 20 November 2019

Report Reference: UC14111.2

Kathy Lewin Head of Waste and Resources

Resource Efficiency

Project Manager: Paul Eades

Project No.: 16877-3

Peter Keeley-Lopez Materials, Waste and Resources Consultant

Resource Efficiency

Client: Dublin Waste to Energy

Client Manager: Jane Turrell

16.11.2019

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:12

Contents Glossary ................................................................................................................................... 1

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 2

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 8

2. Background to IBA classification ............................................................................... 10

3. IBA production and contextualisation ........................................................................ 12

4. Sample preparation and testing methodologies ........................................................ 14

4.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 14

4.2 Sample collection ...................................................................................................... 14 4.3 Sample preparation ................................................................................................... 14

5. IBA compositional data ............................................................................................. 20

5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 20

5.2 XRF and XRD analysis ............................................................................................. 22 5.3 Aqua regia composition data and benchmarking with UK wide IBA data ................. 25

5.4 Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 32

6. Thermodynamic modelling ........................................................................................ 33

7. Leachability data ....................................................................................................... 37

7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 37

7.2 Water leachability (BS EN 12457-3) ......................................................................... 37

7.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 41 7.5 Advanced leaching tests ........................................................................................... 41

8. Additional characterisation ........................................................................................ 49

8.1 Zinc metal quantification – magnetic separation ....................................................... 49

8.2 Magnetic separation methodology ............................................................................ 49

8.3 Magnetic separation results ...................................................................................... 50

8.4 X-ray diffraction results of the magnetic fraction ....................................................... 51 8.5 Combination of magnetic separation and advanced leaching test results ................ 54 8.6 In vitro skin irritancy test ............................................................................................ 56

9. Conclusions of WRc IBA characterisation ................................................................ 57

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:12

10. Statistical analysis ..................................................................................................... 60

10.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 60

10.2 Comparison of WRc and SGS data .......................................................................... 60

11. Worst case compound assignment ........................................................................... 66 11.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 66

11.2 Approach for organic components ............................................................................ 67

11.3 Approach for inorganic components ......................................................................... 68

12. Determining if waste is hazardous or non-hazardous ............................................... 80

12.1 Step-wise assessment .............................................................................................. 80

12.2 Steps 1 & 2 Waste Composition Details & Assigning Hazard Statement or Risk Phrase ................................................................... 81

12.3 Step 3.1 Assessment of Hazardous Properties with Concentration Limits ........................................................................................... 82

12.4 Step 3.2 Assessment of Hazardous Properties without Concentration Limits ........................................................................................... 85

12.5 Step 4.1 Assessment of Hazardous Property HP14 with Concentration Limits ........................................................................................... 88

12.6 Step 4.2 Assessment of Hazardous Property HP14 without Concentration Limits .......................................................................................... 88

12.7 Step 4.2 Assessment of Hazardous Property HP14 without concentration Limits ........................................................................................... 89

12.8 Step 5 Assessment of Persistent Organic Pollutants ............................... 90

12.9 Step 6 List of Waste Entry ............................................................................... 91

13. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 92

13.1 Sample characterisation ............................................................................................ 92

13.2 Advanced characterisation ........................................................................................ 92

13.3 Comparison with SGS data and statistical analysis .................................................. 92 13.4 Waste classification ................................................................................................... 93

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:12

Appendices

Appendix A Sampling plan and record ....................................................................... 94

Appendix B XRD and XRF results .............................................................................. 95

Appendix C Total composition data ............................................................................ 96

Appendix D Leaching test data ................................................................................... 97

Appendix E Advanced leaching test data ................................................................... 98

Appendix F Magnetic separation data ........................................................................ 99

Appendix G SGS data for comparison ...................................................................... 100

List of Tables

Table 1.1 HP14 assessment summary ..................................................................... 6

Table 1.2 Hazardous Property assessment of DWtE IBA ......................................... 7 Table 4.1 IBA composition summary ....................................................................... 15

Table 4.2 IBA analysis and results location ............................................................. 19

Table 5.1 Summary of XRF composition data ......................................................... 23

Table 5.2 Summary of XRD composition data ........................................................ 24

Table 5.3 IBA - summary of composition data (first phase testing)......................... 28

Table 5.4 Compositional summary of four additional IBA samples (second phase testing) ............................................................................ 29

Table 5.5 PAH concentrations ................................................................................. 30

Table 5.6 Dioxin/Furan and PCB and Dioxin-like PCB concentrations ................... 31

Table 6.1 Composition input parameters for the model based on XRF data .......................................................................................................... 34

Table 6.2 Copper species predicted to form in the thermodynamic modelling ................................................................................................. 35

Table 6.3 Zinc species predicted to form in the thermodynamic model .................. 36

Table 7.1 IBA leachability at L/S2 and L/S10 – December 2018 ............................ 38

Table 7.2 Liquid extractants used in the advanced leaching test method for copper ................................................................................... 42

Table 7.3 Liquid extractants used in the advanced leaching test method for zinc ........................................................................................ 42

Table 7.4 Cumulative copper extraction from each stage ....................................... 44

Table 7.5 Cumulative copper extraction from each stage ....................................... 44

Table 7.6 Cumulative extraction of zinc from each sequential extraction stage ....................................................................................... 46

Table 7.7 Cumulative extraction of zinc from each sequential extraction stage ....................................................................................... 46

Table 8.1 IBA samples submitted for magnetic separation ..................................... 49

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:12

Table 8.2 Total mass balance during magnetic separation ..................................... 50

Table 8.3 Zinc concentrations in all fractions .......................................................... 51

Table 8.4 Zinc partitioning to the magnetic fraction................................................. 51

Table 10.1 Reference table for the samples presented in Figure 10.1 to Figure 10.4 .............................................................................................. 63

Table 11.1 Overview of the ‘worst case’ compounds for each hazard property ................................................................................................... 78

List of Figures

Figure 4.1 IBA sample preparation ........................................................................... 18

Figure 5.1 Pie chart showing the breakdown of major and minor components in IBA .................................................................................. 20

Figure 5.2 Process demonstrating the advanced characterisation of IBA ............... 21

Figure 5.3 Box and whisker plots of the UK wide IBA data from moving grate MSW WtE facilities plotted alongside DWtE data (red dots) for major components ..................................................................... 26

Figure 5.4 Box and whisker plots of the UK wide IBA data from moving grate MSW WtE facilities plotted alongside DWtE data (red dots) for other major components ........................................................... 26

Figure 5.5 Box and whisker plots of the UK wide IBA data from moving grate MSW WtE facilities plotted alongside DWtE data (red dots) for metals important for HP14 assessment .................................... 27

Figure 6.1 The major crystalline phases predicted from the thermodynamic model ............................................................................. 35

Figure 7.1 IBA – generic example leaching plot for zinc ..................................... 39

Figure 7.2 Leachability plots IBA – December 2018 ................................................ 40

Figure 7.3 Plots showing the behaviour of IBA samples and copper spikes during the copper method ............................................................ 45

Figure 7.4 Plots showing the behaviour of IBA samples and zinc spikes during the zinc sequential extraction procedure ...................................... 47

Figure 8.1 XRD results for W4709 magnetic fraction ............................................... 52




Figure 8.5 A pie chat demonstrating the zinc speciation in IBA ............................... 55 Figure 8.6 A pie chart demonstrating the speciation of copper in IBA ..................... 55

Figure 10.1 A comparison of the copper concentrations determined by SGS and WRc ......................................................................................... 61

Figure 10.2 A comparison of the zinc concentrations determined by SGS and WRc .................................................................................................. 61

Figure 10.3 A comparison of the nickel concentrations determined by SGS and WRc ......................................................................................... 62

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:12

Figure 10.4 A comparison of the lead concentrations determined by SGS and WRc .................................................................................................. 62

Figure 10.5 A box and whisker plot showing the copper lead and zinc concentrations. The box and whisker plot contains the data from WRc’s in-house data set, the red dots are the DWtE samples analysed by WRc and the crosses represent the SGS data ................................................................................................. 63

Figure 10.6 Distribution of copper concentrations - ecotoxicity refinement factor 15% ............................................................................................... 64

Figure 10.7 Distribution of zinc concentrations - ecotoxicity refinement factor 20% ............................................................................................... 65

List of Photographs

Photograph 4.1 IBA1-HAZ-071118 sample ‘as received’ .................................................... 16

Photograph 4.2 IBA2-HAZ-291118 sample ‘as received’ ..................................................... 16

Photograph 4.3 IBA3-HAZ-031218 sample ‘as received’ .................................................... 16

Photograph 4.4 IBA4-ANN-041218 sample ‘as received’ .................................................... 16

Photograph 4.5 DUB-IBA1-HAZ-100719 sample ‘as received’ ........................................... 16 Photograph 4.6 DUB-IBA2-ANN-270719 sample ‘as received’ ........................................... 16

Photograph 4.7 DUB-IBA3-HAZ-160819 sample ‘as received’ ........................................... 17

Photograph 4.8 DUB-IBA4-HAZ-300819 sample ‘as received’ ............................................ 17

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:12

Dublin Waste to Energy

Report Reference: UC14111.2/16877-3 20 November 2019

© WRc 2019 1

Glossary

Alkali reserve Alkali reserve determined by titration and expressed as g NaOH equivalent per 100 g substance required to adjust the pH to the appropriate value. Used in UK for HP4 (irritancy) assessment

Acid neutralisation capacity (ANC)

Volume of acid used to bring a waste to a specific pH value measured in mol acid per dry kg waste (mol kg-1). A landfill WAC parameter

Aqua regia Hydrochloric/nitric acid, used hot to digest solid samples for determination of mineral acid soluble ‘total’ concentration

BS EN 12457 European standard leaching tests – compliance leaching test for granular wastes (Parts 1-3 are a series of batch tests for material at <4 mm particle size, at L/S2; L/S10; or L/S2 and L/S8, cumulative L/S10)

CEN Comité Europeén de Normalisation (European Standards Organisation) CEN TC292 CEN Technical Committee 292 (Characterisation of Waste) CLP Regulation CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and

packaging of substances and mixtures Eluate Solution obtained after leaching a solid material with a leachant during a

standardised laboratory-leaching test EfW Energy from waste EPH Extractable petroleum hydrocarbons ERF Energy recovery facility ESA Environmental Services Association IBA Incineration bottom ash ITEQ International toxic equivalents L/S Abbreviation for liquid-to-solid ratio prevailing during the leaching test, as

quantity of liquid (‘L’) in litres and solid (‘S’) in kg dry matter. L/S is expressed in l kg-1

L/S10 Liquid:solid ratio 10:1 l kg-1 (used in leaching test) Leachant Solute used in the leaching procedure LOI Loss on ignition LOW List of wastes MW Municipal waste PAHs Polyaromatic hydrocarbons PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls PCDD/DF Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans pH dependence test (DD CEN/TS 15364:2006)

Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour tests. Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition. British Standards Institute, London

TC Total carbon TDS Total dissolved solids TOC Total organic carbon WFD Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) WHO-TEQ World Health Organisation toxic equivalents (Humans) WM3 Environment Agency (2018) Technical Guidance WM3. Waste

classification. Guidance on the classification and assessment of waste (1st edition v1.1 2018)

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 2

Executive Summary

i Objective

DWtE commissioned WRc to characterise incinerator bottom ash (IBA) from the Dublin Waste to Energy (WtE) facility in order to classify it as hazardous or non-hazardous.

This report, includes the approach taken and outcome of an IBA waste characterisation exercise, and benchmarks the results of the DWtE IBA against UK IBA data from similar facilities.

Eight samples of IBA have been subjected to a face value and refined waste hazardous property assessment following completion of specialist testing. This report is in line with EPA waste classification guidance. Completed EPA summary assessment tables are provided in section 12.

ii Background

The Waste Framework Directive (WFD) (2008/98/EC) requires all wastes to be identified as hazardous or non-hazardous according to either the origin of the waste or its particular properties. As a mirror-entry waste on the European Waste Catalogue/List of Wastes, IBA can be classified as a hazardous or non-hazardous. DWtE is therefore required to classify the IBA from its new Dublin facility in line with European legislation and the guidance provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Over the past two decades over forty municipal WtE facilities have been commissioned in England and Wales. During that period the challenges of sampling and testing highly heterogenous incinerator bottom ash, and assessing relevant hazardous properties in an evolving regulatory landscape has been clear. WRc has worked with the WtE operators through the Environmental Services Association, ESA, to develop and refine a national protocol for sampling and testing IBA from municipal waste facilities (ESA, 2018). The Protocol has evolved and been backed up by research into the geochemistry of IBA as legislative requirements have developed, including the transition to the EU Classification, Packaging and Labelling Regulations and publication of additional harmonised and non-harmonised compounds. The key technical issues have related to the assessment of core hazardous properties HP4/8 (irritancy/corrosivity), HP7 (carcinogenicity) and HP14 (ecotoxicity), the latter being dependent on the speciation of zinc, copper and nickel. WRc has provided on-going support to ESA in Environment Agency negotiations with respect to waste classification, extended to supporting members’ discussions with Natural Resources Wales and the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 3

In 2018 DWtE carried out a full hazardous property assessment of IBA from its recently commissioned Dublin WtE facility. The concentrations of key metals with respect to the assessment and classification for HP14 (ecotoxicity) in this data set were abnormal for municipal waste moving grate IBA.

WRc was therefore commissioned to use the best practice IBA sample preparation, testing and assessment approaches that fulfil the requirements of EU legislation and which have been successfully used to the satisfaction of the UK regulators. Particular requirements of the EPA were followed, but the priority was to provide a robust characterisation of the lBA with respect to HP14 (ecotoxicity). DWtE provided four samples of IBA collected in November and December 2018 to complete this exercise.

iii Methodology

All sampling and testing was carried out in accordance with the Environmental Services Association (ESA) IBA Protocol (2018) which allows comparison of the Dublin samples with an extensive dataset of IBA from similar municipal EfW facilities in the UK.

Eight samples of IBA were provided by DWtE to WRc.

• One sample underwent comprehensive characterisation (including composition and leachability) to allow all 15 hazardous properties to be assessed.

• A further seven samples were assessed for the four hazardous properties which are key to the classification of IBA as hazardous or non-hazardous, i.e. HP4/8 (irritancy/corrosivity), HP7 (carcinogenicity) and HP14 (ecotoxicity).

• Four samples were submitted for XRF and XRD testing to provide information on the mineralogy of the IBA.

• Further specialist testing was undertaken involving chemical speciation and thermodynamic modelling to allow the assessment of HP14 ecotoxicity to be refined. The hazard property assessment was revised to only account for the fraction of ecotoxic species present in line with the EPA guidance.

An IBA sample was submitted by DWtE for in vitro irritancy testing under WRc’s guidance, to support the assessment of HP4/8 (irritancy/corrosivity).

iv Results

The composition and leachability of the DWtE IBA samples is consistent with the quality of IBA generated across the UK. The moisture content was 15-18%, the burn-out was good as evidenced by low organic matter (1.5% TOC, 1.9% LOI) and the metals were all below the 95th percentile concentrations for WRc’s in-house data for IBA from moving grate facilities accepting municipal waste.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 4

v Hazardous property assessment

A stepped hazardous property assessment has been carried out in line with EPA guidance.

A screening exercise excluded HP1 (explosive), HP2 (oxidising), HP9 (infectious), HP12 (produces toxic gases in contact with water, air or acid) and HP15 (waste capable of exhibiting a hazardous property listed above not directly displayed by the original waste) from further assessment, i.e. the IBA was not hazardous by these properties.

A further assessment excluded hazardous properties HP3 (flammable)1, HP5 (specific target organ toxicity (STOT)), HP6 (acute toxicity), HP7 (carcinogenic), HP10 (toxic for reproduction), HP11 (mutagenic) and HP13 (sensitising) from further assessment, i.e. the IBA was not hazardous by these properties

Two hazardous properties required further advanced characterisation to provide an accurate assessment: HP4/HP8 (irritant – skin irritation and eye damage/corrosive) and HP14 (ecotoxicity).

HP4/HP8 (irritancy/corrosivity):

The results of an in vitro irritancy test showed the Dublin IBA to be non-irritant and therefore non-corrosive using OECD TG 439 in vitro test.

The pH and 1/12th of the alkali reserve value for the four IBA samples ranged between 12.68 and 12.78. These values are below the IBA-specific limit that has been agreed for use in the UK with the UK regulators. This approach was based on an intense programme of sampling and testing to demonstrate that pH and alkali reserve can be used as a surrogate for in vitro irritancy test.

Using either approach, the Dublin IBA was not hazardous by irritancy or corrosivity.

HP14 (ecotoxicity)

The key metals for the assessment of ecotoxicity in IBA are lead, copper and zinc, on the basis of hazard statement code H410 which has a cut off value of 1000 mg/kg and a concentration limit for the sum of relevant compounds of 2500 mg/kg. The results of the face value assessment, where 100% of the elemental concentration is considered to be present as the worst case compound, indicates that the concentrations of copper, zinc and lead (IBA 1 only) were above the cut-off value. A third tier of assessment for zinc and copper has therefore been undertaken, requiring further specialist testing to be completed.

1 See text below Table 3.1.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 5

Zinc: This has been shown by research in the UK and Europe to be present in IBA non-ecotoxic compounds such as zinc silicates. The evidence is provided in an Appendix to this report. On the basis of further chemical speciation undertaken for the DWtE IBA, 60% of the zinc could be attributed to stable zinc silicates, 20% could be associated with metal species and only 20% could be associated with ecotoxic compounds.

Copper: Research programmes undertaken for ESA have shown that not all copper is present in ecotoxic form. The majority is present as non-ecotoxic alloys, native metal and other non-ecotoxic compounds, (evidence is provided in the appendices). Currently in the UK only 20% of the elemental copper reported in an aqua regia digest is assessed as the ecotoxic compound, copper hydroxide. However, copper speciation testing and thermodynamic modelling showed that for the DWtE IBA only 15% of the copper could be attributed to ecotoxic copper hydroxide, the remaining copper is associated with copper metal.

Based on the results of the speciation testing for copper and zinc, it was possible to refine the HP14 assessment using adjustment factors to account for the fraction of ecotoxic copper and zinc present in the IBA.

The refined HP14 assessment showed that the copper concentration was below the cut off value for all the samples. The zinc concentration was above the cut off value for three of the four samples, but this did not push the total concentration of the ecotoxic species above the concentration limit.

A summary of the HP14 assessment is shown in Table 1.1. This refined assessment therefore showed that all the samples were non-hazardous by HP14.

The summary of the full hazardous property assessment is provided in Table 1.2.

On the basis of the testing reported the DWtE IBA could be classified as non-hazardous. Therefore according to the List of Wastes the IBA can be coded as non-hazardous (19 01 12 “bottom ash and slag other than those mentioned in 19 01 11”).

These eight samples of DWtE IBA are entirely consistent with UK IBA from municipal waste moving grate facilities. It is therefore likely that the atypical data generated during previous testing as part of commissioning is an artefact of the sample preparation procedures employed and the characteristics of this IBA during commissioning were entirely typical of non-hazardous IBA. Due to the consistency between the DWtE IBA and WRc’s in-house dataset, random samples from the WRc dataset were used to bolster the DWtE dataset to determine the likelihood of the eight samples missing an elevated IBA sample. The statistical analysis demonstrated that there was high confidence in the DWtE dataset and therefore the sample size is adequate for a representative characterisation of the IBA.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 6

Table 1.1 HP14 assessment summary

Provisional HP14 assessment* Cut off value

mg kg-1

IBA1-HAZ-071118

IBA2-HAZ-291118

IBA3-HAZ-031218

IBA4-ANN-041218

DUB-IBA1-HAZ-

100719

DUB-IBA2-HAZ-

270719

DUB-IBA3-HAZ-

160819

DUB-IBA4-HAZ-

300819

mg kg-1

Copper hydroxide (15%) 1,000 480 410 482 486 551 569 676 645

Zinc hydroxide (40%) 1,000 547 578 529 432 625 686 864 692

Lead compounds not otherwise stated in CLP Annex VI*

1,000 1,254 836 880 702 716 990 1316 775

Sum of ecotoxic compounds above the cut-off value?

n/a 1254 0 0 0 0 0 1316 0

Sum of ecotoxic compounds above 2500 mg kg-1 concentration limit?

n/a no no no No No No No No

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 7

Table 1.2 Hazardous Property assessment of DWtE IBA

Step number

Step - activity Location of evidence Outcome

1 Waste composition details Section 5 Typical of UK moving grate IBA which is currently classified as non-hazardous (see Table 2.4 and 2.7).

2 Assign hazard statements Section 11

3 Does the waste display HP1-13 and/or HP15

3.1 1) HPs with concentration limits (HP4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13) Section 12 HP3 - Non-hazardous

HP4 / HP8 - Non-Hazardous

HP5 –- Non-Hazardous

HP6 –– Non-hazardous

HP7 –Non-hazardous




3.2 2) HPs without concentration limits (HP1, 2, 3, 9, 12, 15) Section 11 Excluded from further assessment, HP1, 2, 9, 12,15 – All Non-hazardous

4 Does the waste display HP14?

4.1 HP14 with concentration limits Section 12 Ozone – Non-hazardous

4.2 HP14 without concentration limits Section 12 HP14 - (Refined – based on 14% of copper present as copper hydroxide and 20% of zinc present zinc hydroxide) - Non-hazardous

5 POPs Section 12 Non-hazardous

5 Waste Classification and coding Section 12 LoW code 19 12 02 – Non-hazardous

Note: The Hazard property assessment is based on hazard statement codes which is compliant with the framework for classifying wastes in Ireland which is compliant with European regulations. Although the EPA guidance still uses risk phrases for HP14, the intention of the EPA to move to hazardous statement codes as required by EU legislation is clear and WRc have adopted the EU approach in this respect.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 8

1. Introduction

DWtE commissioned WRc to characterise the incinerator bottom ash (IBA) from the Dublin Waste to Energy (WtE) facility in order to classify it as hazardous or non-hazardous.

This report, includes definition of the approach taken and outcome of an IBA waste characterisation exercise, and benchmarks the results of the DWtE IBA against UK IBA data from similar.

Eight samples of IBA have been subjected to a face value and refined waste hazardous property assessment following completion of specialist testing. This report is in line with EPA waste classification guidance.

The total dataset of eight samples is derived from two phases of analysis in which two sets of four samples were analysed at WRc. The first phase of sample testing was performed in November/December 2018 and the second phase was performed in July/August 2019. The results in this report discuss the results of both of these phases together in large parts, although some specific testing was only performed on the first phase and not considered necessary to repeat the analysis on the second phase.

IBA is produced as a solid residue from the incineration of waste to produce energy in energy from waste (EfW) facilities. Typically, IBA is a complex heterogeneous material containing many components. The complexity of the IBA’s composition makes its characterisation difficult and consequently producing an accurate waste classification of the material presents a challenge.

However, over two million tonnes of IBA is produced from EfW facilities in the UK many of which have a similar operation to DWtE facility. DWtE is a municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator operating with a moving grate system. The similar waste feedstock and technology employed across moving grate MSW incinerators allows for the DWtE IBA to be placed into context with a larger IBA dataset. This provides a backdrop to the characterisation data produced for DWtE IBA to help to understand and provide confidence over the findings.

To perform an accurate waste classification of the material the IBA must undergo a thorough characterisation which will provide the platform to correctly assign hazard statements to specific compounds for assessment.

The complexity of the ash means that several techniques, both empirical and theoretical are required to characterise the material and also to provide additional confidence in any one analytical test result.

This report presents the data from the characterisation of the material using techniques including:

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 9

• total elemental composition from ICP-MS/OES following hot acid digestion;

• bulk mineralogical composition using XRD and XRF techniques;

• POPs testing;

• thermodynamic modelling to identify the speciation of trace phases in the material;

• leaching testing including water and advanced leaching tests; and

• physical separation and quantification of metal particles using wet magnetic separation.

The data obtained from the characterisation programme was used to undertake a waste classification following EPA guidelines, presented in Section 12.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 10

2. Background to IBA classification

The Waste Framework Directive (WFD) (2008/98/EC) requires all wastes to be identified as hazardous or non-hazardous according to either the origin of the waste or its particular properties. As a mirror-entry waste on the European Waste Catalogue/List of Wastes, IBA can be classified as a hazardous or non-hazardous. DWtE is therefore required to classify the IBA from its new Dublin facility in line with European legislation and the guidance provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Characterisation of a waste allows for an accurate classification to be performed. For simple wastes with few components this is relatively straightforward as compositional analysis can be enough for characterisation. However, for complex heterogeneous wastes assigning relevant hazardous properties can be difficult. When there is doubt over the speciation of elements within a material, ‘worst case’ compounds should be assumed to be present. However, the choice of these ‘worst case’ compounds requires careful consideration as otherwise the waste can be classified inappropriately or incorrectly.

To provide an accurate determination of the ‘worst case’ it is appropriate to use a combination of an understanding of the thermal and chemical conditions the IBA was produced under as well as specialised characterisation techniques.

For IBA, the sole use of elemental composition for the assignment of ‘worst case’ compounds will lead to a misleading and unrepresentative assessment. By using appropriate analytical methods and combining the empirical data with knowledge of the MSW and furnace conditions, a more accurate assessment of the waste’s characteristics can be made.

Analytical techniques can easily be used to provide information on the bulk mineralogy of the ash. However, the speciation of trace elements in a heterogeneous bottom ash material is often critical for hazard property assessment, but challenging. Their concentrations are high enough to trigger hazardous property thresholds, but too low for almost all analytical techniques. The complex heterogeneous matrix of IBA can cause significant interference with many detection systems, limiting their resolution. This presents a challenge to characterising the compounds that are present. The use of multiple analytical techniques to support an evidence based approach is often the best and only way to achieve a ‘weight of evidence’ conclusion.

IBA is a complicated material containing many elements and phases both crystalline and amorphous. Analytical techniques suffer from the background noise produced by the heterogeneity of the material, particularly the amorphous phase which can mask the presence of trace phases or elements making them practically ‘invisible’ to the technique. This is especially true for X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other techniques such as infra-red spectroscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 11

Microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can be used to characterise the morphology of materials. When coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) they can provide compositional information with very high resolution. However, such a technique cannot be solely used to provide information regarding trace elements. The data cannot be representative of the entire sample as the test looks at the association of atoms on a molecular level. Many thousands of readings would be needed to get a representative picture of the speciation of zinc in IBA, as an example. Without such an approach this technique is open to bias where specific associations are targeted at the expense of those that do not support the end conclusion.

The use of one single technique cannot provide a definitive picture of the speciation of all elements within IBA. However, a combination of techniques can be used to produce complimentary which, when combined, demonstrate beyond reasonable doubt the speciation of key elements in the IBA.

Therefore, the approach which has been adopted and presented here in this report uses a combination of various techniques which provide complimentary information to produce an evidence based approach to the speciation of the elements in the material.

The techniques which have been employed to provide a detailed characterisation of the IBA are:

• elemental analysis following aqua regia digestion;

• X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence;

• L/S 2 and L/S 10 leaching characterisation;

• compound specific leaching testing (sequential chemical extractions);

• Physical separation of metals using wet magnetic separation;

• in vitro irritancy test; and

• thermodynamic modelling.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 12

3. IBA production and contextualisation

IBA is an ash residue produced from the combustion of MSW in the WtE facility. Typically, IBA represents approximately 25% by weight of the input to the furnace. It is largely composed of the non-combustible, inert or refractory components of the MSW, whilst the combustible or volatile species are either destroyed or lost to the gas phase in the process. The non-combustible components of the MSW are dominated by metals, glass, ceramics and building materials.

To assign ‘worst case’ compounds which are most likely to be present in the IBA, it is important to first appreciate the source of the waste which is entering the WtE facility. The source of the waste will dictate the chemical forms in which the elements are present.

For example; iron is likely to be present mostly as iron massive, from metallic iron and steel items as well as some iron mineral forms from soils and food wastes. Copper is largely present in the waste as copper wire from electronics or other household items which have been discarded. Other elements can be present in the ash as a variety of forms. An example could be aluminium which has two main forms in the MSW; aluminium cans and as a mineral from ceramics and cements. Zinc can be present in metallic forms as it is widely used as a galvanised coating for steel and iron, brass and as die cast alloys (usually aluminium-zinc alloys). It is also used as a filler in plastics as zinc oxide and also as a pigment.

The input material to the Dublin WtE facility is MSW with a much smaller percentage of commercial or industrial (CI) waste. This means that it is unlikely that any ‘exotic’ chemicals should be present in the input material and which may be parameters of concern for the hazard assessment.

The speciation of the compounds in IBA are a result of the species entering the WtE facility and their behaviour during heating to temperatures of above 850°C. Under these temperatures some compounds will react and others will remain the same depending on their thermal behaviour.

Thermodynamic modelling is a useful technique which is used to predict the solid phase chemistry of a material after it being subjected to various process conditions. This modelling approach is based on the calculation of the equilibrium composition using the Gibbs Minimisation Approach (i.e. the composition which reduces Gibbs free energy to zero – or as close as possible).

The technique is valuable because it will provide information on the predicted speciation of trace elements which most analytical techniques cannot see. Although the model is based on the equilibrium composition, pseudo-equilibrium compositions can be modelled by using XRD analysis to fine tune the results.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 13

However, to perform modelling or other analytical techniques, compositional analysis should be obtained of the material.

The following sections present the results of the analytical testing which has been undertaken on the ash to allow for its characterisation and hazard assessment.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 14

4. Sample preparation and testing methodologies

4.1 Background

To produce a representative sample of IBA for analysis, the ash must undergo a thorough sampling preparation programme. Ultimately only a small sample will undergo analysis and so it is crucial that that small sample will provide data representative of the waste stream as a whole.

4.2 Sample collection

DWtE facility personnel collected four IBA samples during November-December 2018 in line with the Environmental Services Association’s Sampling and Testing Protocol for the Assessment of Hazard Status of IBA (ESA, 2018). This is directly comparable with the sampling approach specified in the Dublin EfW Ash Sampling Plan which has been agreed with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This initial sampling was used to generate the first four samples for the first phase of testing. An additional four samples were taken in July-August 2019 which forms the second set of samples for the second phase of testing.

In this report, the results of both phases are presented together unless otherwise stated. For some analytical methods, due to the consistency in the results between ash samples in the first phase of testing, repeating the analytical tests was not deemed necessary.

The sample plan is presented in Appendix A.

4.3 Sample preparation

Figure 4.1 outlines the sample preparation procedure in a flow chart and photographs 4.1 to 4.4 show the condition / appearance of the four samples on receipt.

Each sample was thoroughly mixed and a 20 kg representative sub-sample was taken for bulk drying at 40°C. Visible metal items with no associated risk phrases were removed and weighed, i.e. non-hazardous metal items (cans, metal spring etc.) that were unaffected by the incineration process. Metal slag or clinker produced by the thermal process was removed, separately ground, and mixed back into the sample.

The removal of the items with no associated risk phrases means that the elemental concentration which is determined during analysis is more focused on the potentially hazardous components of the ash, enabling a more realistic hazard assessment.

The remaining sample was ground to <250 µm using a number of particle size reduction steps with removal and quantification of ferrous metal fragments. The resulting samples were

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 15

submitted to the sub-contract laboratories for analysis. These samples were all similar in appearance to suggest they are representative of bottom ash being produced by the facility in the longer term.

The remaining ‘wet’ 20 kg sample was transferred to temporary refrigerated storage. The remaining dried and prepared sample was submitted to archive storage for six months, to be available for immediate retesting if required.

The breakdown of the compositional sorting results are shown in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 IBA composition summary

Parameters Units IBA1-HAZ-

071118

IBA2-HAZ-

291118

IBA3-HAZ-

031218

IBA4-ANN-

041218

DUB-IBA1-HAZ-

100719

DUB-IBA2-HAZ-

270719

DUB-IBA3-HAZ-

160819

DUB-IBA4-

300819

Total sample received

kg wet wt

22.6 21.6 25.4 24.8 24.8 25.1 24.9 25.3

Moisture content

% wet wt

15.9 12.9 15.2 18.5 15.2 11.9 10.1 8.1

Proportion of sample ground

for testing

% dry wt

96.3 95.5 95.6 96.4 96.8 93.9 94.2 92.9

Non-grindable components removed during sample preparation

Inert components

% dry wt

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Ferrous metals % dry

wt 0.76 1.56 1.63 1.52 1.51 3.31 2.26 2.9

Non-ferrous metals

% dry wt

3.20 2.98 2.74 2.11 1.67 2.79 3.56 4.23

Batteries (blown)

% dry wt

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Batteries (intact)

% dry wt

0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 16

Photograph 4.1 IBA1-HAZ-071118 sample ‘as received’



Photograph 4.4 IBA4-ANN-041218 sample ‘as received’

Photograph 4.5 DUB-IBA1-HAZ-100719 sample ‘as received’

Photograph 4.6 DUB-IBA2-ANN-270719

sample ‘as received’

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 17

Photograph 4.7 DUB-IBA3-HAZ-160819 sample ‘as received’

Photograph 4.8 DUB-IBA4-HAZ-300819

sample ‘as received’

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 18

Figure 4.1 IBA sample preparation

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 19

Details of the testing methodologies used in initial ash characterisation are summarised in Table 4.2. A full characterisation was undertaken on sample IBA4. In the first phase of testing, IBA samples 1-3 were submitted for testing needed for core hazardous property assessments i.e. metals, pH and alkali reserve. In the second phase of testing, all four samples were submitted for core hazard property assessment.

The location of results within this report is also presented in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 IBA analysis and results location

Test/parameters (single replicates unless otherwise stated) Location of results

General parameters • Non-grindable content* • Moisture content at 105ºC* • Loss on ignition (LOI) @ 550°C • pH (triplicate) • Alkali reserve • Acid neutralisation capacity (ANC) @ pH4 and pH7

4.3 4.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3

Inorganic parameters • X-Ray Diffraction (major and minor phases) 5.2

• X-Ray Fluorescence – elemental composition (total content) 5.2 Metals

o Aqua regia digests: Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn (11 separate replicate digestions), As, Ag, Al, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mn, Mg, Mo, Na, P, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl and V (triplicate digestions)

o Hot water extraction: CrVI

5.3

Organic parameters o Total organic carbon (TOC) o Total carbon (TC) o Extractable petroleum hydrocarbons (EPH) o Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) o Phenols o Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) o Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD)

5.3

BS EN 12457-3 Two step leaching at L/S2 and L/S10 Eluate determinations: pH, electrical conductivity. As, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cr (VI), Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mn, Mg, Mo, Ni, Na, P, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, Zn, Br, F, SO4, Cl, NH3, NO2, NO3, alkalinity, TDS, DOC and phenol index

7.3

*Inert non-grindable content and moisture content are used for the calculation of ‘as received’ concentrations

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 20

5. IBA compositional data

5.1 Introduction

All eight samples from DWtE collected in November and December 2018 were submitted for compositional testing. All samples were dried and ground on receipt and stored in airtight containers to preserve the sample integrity.

Figure 5.1 shows that around 90% of the ash is composed of just four elements based on the ICP-OES data; calcium, iron, aluminium and sodium. The concentrations of these elements are high enough to be suitable for standard characterisation techniques such as XRD.

For a bulk characterisation, the samples were submitted for:

• quantitative X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy in order to provide information on the elemental composition required as the model input parameters (Table 5.1);

• X-ray diffraction (XRD) to provide information on the major crystalline phases present in the material. This information is required in order to tune the model and examine the extent to which the model is representative of experimental observations (Table 5.2);

• inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following material digestion in aqua regia (Table 2.4).

Figure 5.1 Pie chart showing the breakdown of major and minor components in IBA

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 21

Around 9% of the sample contains elements whose concentrations are below 1 wt% and above 0.1 wt%. These elements are magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, copper, titanium, zinc and lead. Their concentrations are high enough to be important for waste classification, but require more advanced characterisation techniques to understand their speciation. This is due to their concentrations are too low for standard analytical techniques such as XRD, but it is still possible to determine their speciation using other techniques such as advanced leaching tests.

In IBA, the advanced characterisation of copper and zinc is especially important for an accurate assessment of HP14 – ecotoxicity.

WRc’s approach for advanced characterisation of the ash is demonstrated in Figure 5.2. The techniques which are employed provide complimentary pieces of information to inform an overall ‘weight of evidence’ approach to the speciation of trace elements (specifically copper and zinc in this report). The conclusions of the advanced characterisation provide speciation information, beyond reasonable doubt for the elements which can be used to inform an accurate waste classification.

Figure 5.2 Process demonstrating the advanced characterisation of IBA

The remaining 1% of the material is made up of trace elements which are present in very low quantities <1000 mg/kg. The concentration of most of these elements is too low for speciation testing (expect for chromium (VI)) and the assignment of ‘worst case’ compounds must be used. However, the concentrations of these elements are such that they do not usually exceed and cut-off values or concentration thresholds during hazard property assessment.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 22

5.2 XRF and XRD analysis

Table 5.1 provides the XRF test data on the 4 samples of Dublin IBA and Table 5.2 the XRD data.

The XRF and XRD tests for IBA1 to 4 show the following phases to be present:

a) A large glassy phase which will be derived to a large degree from the soda-lime or container glass originally present in the incinerator feed, plus a contribution from fired amorphous filler type material (meta-kaolin) from paper wastes and any glassy material present in fired porcelain type wastes. The overall glassy phase constitutes between 59 and 66% in the samples studied. The presence of an amorphous phase is a certain indicator of metastability within the materials since metastable compounds typically do not have the long range structural order which is present in crystalline materials. This phase will contain the bulk of the sodium and potassium shown in the separate XRF analysis undertaken. Another contributor to the amorphous phase is likely to be iron metal in the ash sample. When excited by copper X-rays, iron undergoes fluorescence which causes a background noise on an XRD spectra which is normally interpreted as part of the amorphous phase.

b) Melilite group of ‘juvenile’ crystalline mineral phases comprising individual compounds such as gehelinite (Ca₂Al(SiAl)O₇). Our analysis has shown total values of up to 7% for the mellilite group from the XRD scans. The IBA also contains calcium silicates.

c) Silicon dioxide as quartz is shown in amounts up to 8% in the XRD scans.

It can be seen from the XRD data that there are many mineral phases present in the IBA which are commonly associated with cement. C2S, C3S and C3A are all minerals present in cements as well as quartz, calcite and portlandite. Their presence in the ash demonstrates the domestic nature of the ash in which it can be see that there are no ‘exotic’ minerals and most are stable phases with few hazards associated with them.

Due to the consistency of the XRF/XRD results for samples in the first phase of testing, this testing was not deemed necessary for the second phase of testing. This is emphasised by there being no significant change in the total composition of the IBA in the second phase of testing which provides no reason to believe that there would have been a significant change in the mineralogy of the material. The mineralogy would be dictated by the composition of the material and the process conditions. It is believed that there has been no step change in composition or operational conditions which would suggest that a mineralogical change in the ash is likely.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 23

Table 5.1 Summary of XRF composition data

Determinand Units IBA1-HAZ-071118

IBA2-HAZ-291118

IBA3-HAZ-031218

IBA4-ANN-041218

Sample Basis Dried @110C˚ Dried @110C˚ @Dried 110C˚ @Dried 110C˚ Silicon Dioxide SiO2 % 38.46 39.18 43.01 39.53 Titanium Dioxide TiO2 % 1.25 1.17 1.04 1.10 Aluminium Oxide Al2O3 % 8.39 8.28 7.82 7.78 Iron (III) Oxide Fe2O3 % 9.17 9.14 8.04 8.85 Calcium Oxide CaO % 23.12 22.68 22.70 23.30 Magnesium Oxide MgO % 2.16 2.23 2.34 2.27 Potassium Oxide K2O % 0.68 0.76 0.82 0.77 Sodium Oxide Na2O % 4.00 4.38 4.55 4.30 Phosphorus Pentoxide P2O5 % 1.26 1.35 1.25 1.33 Chromium (III) Oxide Cr2O3 % 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 Manganese (II,III) Oxide Mn3O4 % 0.19 0.15 0.15 0.14 Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 % 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 Hafnium (IV) Oxide HfO2 % <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 Lead Oxide PbO % 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.09 Zinc Oxide ZnO % 0.36 0.40 0.35 0.30 Barium Oxide BaO % 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.16 Strontium (II) Oxide SrO % 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 Tin (IV) Oxide SnO2 % 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 Copper Oxide CuO % 0.23 0.30 0.31 0.28 Total % 97.85 97.57 97.95 97.10

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 24

Table 5.2 Summary of XRD composition data

Determinand Chemical Formula IBA1-HAZ-

071118 IBA2-HAZ-

291118 IBA3-HAZ-

031218 IBA4-ANN-

041218

Quartz SiO2 6.6 5.9 7.7 8.1 Gehlenite Ca2Al2SiO7 4.5 5.3 7.3 5.7 Calcite CaCO3 4.2 4.4 3.3 4.8 C2S Ca2SiO4 3.9 3.9 4.3 3.7 Apatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F)2 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.6 Portlandite Ca(OH)2 2.3 1.9 2.8 2.9 Hydrocalumite Ca2Al(OH)7.3H2O) 1.7 1.4 0.9 0.9 Alkali Feldspar (Na,K)AlSi3O8 1.3 1.2 1.4 0.6 Ferrite Spinel MFe2O4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.5 Wollastonite CaSiO3 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4 C3S Ca3SiO5 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.6 Perovskite CaTiO3 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.8 Halite NaCl 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.8 Anhydrite CaSO4 0.8 1.3 3.0 2.8 Clino-pyroxene (Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 Bredigite Ca2-xMgxSiO4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.4 Cristobalite SiO2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 Rutile TiO2 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 Periclase MgO 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.3 Haematite Fe2O3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

C3A Ca3Al2O6 Not

detected Not

detected 0.2 Not detected

Ettringite Ca6Al2(OH)12(SO4)3.26H2O Not detected

Not detected

Not detected 1.0

Amorphous 65.1 66.1 59.7 59.3

Note 1: parameters are determined as elemental concentration but converted to oxides as a reporting convention only, Parameters will be present as a range of compounds.

Note 2: 1. The sulphur trioxide may not be a total sulphur figure but it is the sulphur remaining after LOI and fusion.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 25

5.3 Aqua regia composition data and benchmarking with UK wide IBA data

Table 5.3 provides the aqua regia test data on the first phase of testing of Dublin IBA and Table 5.4 provides the same data for the second phase of testing. Data is also provided to compare this data with testing of IBA from c. 20 facilities over a period of 8 years (based on c. 3,000 data points). Data on organic composition is provided in Table 5.5 and Table 5.6.

Specifically the composition and leachability of the Dublin IBA samples is consistent with the quality of IBA generated in the UK. The moisture content was 15-18%, the burn-out was good as evidenced by low organic matter (1.5% TOC, 1.9% LOI) and the metals were all below the 95th percentile concentrations for WRc’s in-house data for IBA from moving grate facilities accepting municipal waste and the pH was c. 12.6.

The only parameters that were higher than the 95th percentile concentration for the UK IBA dataset were TOC and acid neutralisation capacity (a measure of buffering capacity). However, the elevation was marginal (below the maximum concentration for the dataset) and the parameters of no consequence for the hazardous property assessment.

Graphical comparisons between the DWtE compositional data and WRc’s in-house IBA dataset are shown in Figure 5.3 to Figure 5.5. These plots compare the DWtE data (red dots) with the UK IBA data (box and whisker diagram) for bulk metals and also for the key metals for HP14. They show that the DWtE data falls closely within the normal ranges for these metals in all cases, demonstrating the DWtE data is typical of IBA data as a whole. There are no outliers in the DWtE data which would suggest an abnormal ash characteristic and all are well below the maximum value reported for all determinands (top whisker).

Therefore, there is a clear justification to be able to place the DWtE IBA in context with other ashes produced from WtE facilities processing MSW using moving grate technology.

The sample preparation regime which is undertaken at WRc is robust to remove large ‘non-grindable’ items such as metals which could skew the concentration of metals such as copper, iron and zinc. If there was contamination of large metal pieces in the ash submitted to analysis, the concentrations of those elements mentioned may be significantly higher. However, this would lead to a misleading assessment of the ash quality.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 26

Figure 5.3 Box and whisker plots of the UK wide IBA data from moving grate MSW WtE facilities plotted alongside DWtE data (red dots) for major components

Figure 5.4 Box and whisker plots of the UK wide IBA data from moving grate MSW WtE facilities plotted alongside DWtE data (red dots) for other major components

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 27

Figure 5.5 Box and whisker plots of the UK wide IBA data from moving grate MSW WtE facilities plotted alongside DWtE data (red dots) for metals important for HP14

assessment

5.3.1 Organic compositional data

With respect to trace organic compounds the total PCBs, total phenols and total PAHs (Table 5.5) were all present at 0.000008 mg kg-1, 1.07 mg kg-1 and 6.98 mg kg-1 respectively. The concentration of EPH with a carbon chain length of <40 was 17.0 mg kg-1.

Dioxins and furans (PCDD/DFs) were typical of UK MW IBA (Table 5.6), with total PCDD/DF WHO-TEQ at 1.60 ng kg-1 (0.0000016 mg kg-1).

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 28

Table 5.3 IBA - summary of composition data (first phase testing)


IBA2-HAZ-291118

IBA3-HAZ-031218

IBA4-ANN-041218

WRc IBA data 2014-19

Average 95th %-ile

Assessment type Core Core Core Full Moisture content % 15.9 12.9 15.2 18.5 18.1 25.0

pH pH units 12.63 12.59 12.64 12.66 12.36 12.80

Alkali Reserve g/100g 1.27 1.13 1.37 1.42 0.81 1.47 ANC @ pH4 mol/kg n/d n/d n/d 6.14 3.57 6.12

ANC @ pH7 mol/kg n/d n/d n/d 5.28 2.89 5.17

Total carbon % n/d n/d n/d 1.94 1.52 1.90

Total organic carbon % n/d n/d n/d 1.5 0.96 2.44 LOI @ 550ºC % n/d n/d n/d 1.91 2.63 5.02 ‘As received’ concentrations - average of 3 replicates, except Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn (11 replicates) Aluminium mg kg-1 25,560 25,985 21,858 23,052 20,340 28,512

Antimony mg kg-1 46.7 39.1 42.6 45.6 61.5 111 Arsenic mg kg-1 7.09 8.65 7.63 7.77 7.44 13.7

Barium mg kg-1 285 396 382 259 471 712

Beryllium mg kg-1 0.84 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.72 0.99

Boron mg kg-1 131 130 136 125 79.0 128 Cadmium mg kg-1 8.24 3.60 14.8 8.12 12.0 27.1

Calcium mg kg-1 112,990 107,001 104,671 121,947 89,191 126,810

Chromium (total) mg kg-1 95.6 96.4 91.5 88.2 98.3 151

Chromium (VI) mg kg-1 <0.08 <0.09 <0.08 <0.08 0.14 0.20 Cobalt mg kg-1 28.8 42.7 23.1 39.4 36.5 65.0

Copper mg kg-1 2,076 1,774 2,086 2,105 2,019 3,037

Iron mg kg-1 49,680 58,122 46,802 43,999 36,498 59,940

Lead mg kg-1 1,254 836 880 702 637 1,296 Lithium mg kg-1 17.2 19.9 16.5 18.2 15.9 22.7

Magnesium mg kg-1 7,917 8,118 8,126 8,271 6,762 9,128

Manganese mg kg-1 751 868 761 720 874 1,596

Mercury mg kg-1 0.42 0.44 0.42 0.41 0.48 0.84 Molybdenum mg kg-1 9.76 9.43 10.1 14.7 9.61 22.9

Nickel mg kg-1 88.5 90.8 94.9 91.8 98.4 194

Phosphorus mg kg-1 4,318 4,671 4,193 4,762 5,119 6,785

Potassium mg kg-1 2,894 2,936 2,689 3,028 3,673 5,341 Selenium mg kg-1 0.42 0.44 0.42 0.45 0.54 0.85

Silver mg kg-1 3.92 4.35 3.25 5.05 4.91 11.6

Sodium mg kg-1 10,743 10,086 8,910 10,136 8,514 11,133

Strontium mg kg-1 306 299 313 308 208 300 Thallium mg kg-1 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.26 0.84

Tin mg kg-1 121 85.8 122 101 149 242

Titanium mg kg-1 1,852 1,828 1,690 1,710 1,637 2,278

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 29


IBA2-HAZ-291118

IBA3-HAZ-031218

IBA4-ANN-041218


Average 95th %-ile

Vanadium mg kg-1 64.8 87.7 93.7 90.3 40.0 119

Zinc mg kg-1 1,801 1,901 1,741 1,420 2,066 3,134

Cyanide (Free) mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d <0.82 0.83 0.88

Cyanide (Total) mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d <0.82 1.05 1.00 EPH C10-C40 mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d 17.0 34.6 197

Total PAH mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d 6.98 0.81 4.56

Total PCB mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d 0.000008 0.0001 0.0001

Total phenols mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d 1.07 0.78 1.74 PCDD/DF WHO-TEQ ng kg-1 n/d n/d n/d 1.60 4.64 11.8

Table 5.4 Compositional summary of four additional IBA samples (second phase testing)


IBA2-HAZ-270719

IBA3-HAZ-160819

IBA4-HAZ-300819


Average 95th %-ile

Assessment type Core Core Core Core Moisture content % 15.2 11.9 10.1 8.08 18.1 25.0

pH pH units 12.49 12.60 12.57 12.33 12.36 12.80

Alkali Reserve g/100g 0.85 1.09 0.98 0.58 0.81 1.47

ANC @ pH4 mol/kg n/d n/d n/d n/d 3.57 6.12 ANC @ pH7 mol/kg n/d n/d n/d n/d 2.89 5.17

Total carbon % n/d n/d n/d n/d 1.52 1.90

Total organic carbon % 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.96 2.44

LOI @ 550ºC % 3.47 3.70 3.61 2.85 2.63 5.02 ‘As received’ concentrations - average of 3 replicates, except Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn (11 replicates) Aluminium mg kg-1 22,407 23,072 24,866 23,403 20,340 28,512

Antimony mg kg-1 63.8 65.9 71.3 64.5 61.5 111

Arsenic mg kg-1 6.56 15.5 7.70 7.84 7.44 13.7 Barium mg kg-1 750 856 899 840 471 712

Beryllium mg kg-1 <0.85 <0.88 <0.9 <0.92 0.72 0.99

Boron mg kg-1 122 134 141 161 79.0 128

Cadmium mg kg-1 21.3 6.49 13.6 4.99 12.0 27.1 Calcium mg kg-1 112,686 129,508 135,233 118,415 89,191 126,810

Chromium (total) mg kg-1 98.3 109 109 104 98.3 151

Chromium (VI) mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d n/d 0.14 0.20

Cobalt mg kg-1 38.9 41.4 50.2 75.3 36.5 65.0 Copper mg kg-1 2,387 2,464 2,927 2,790 2,019 3,037

Note 1: Statistical information from WRc in-house data for IBA from municipal waste, moving grate facilities from 2014-2019. Note 2: Parameters in bold are > UK 95th percentile concentration but are not relevant to hazardous property assessment.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 30


IBA2-HAZ-270719

IBA3-HAZ-160819

IBA4-HAZ-300819


Average 95th %-ile

Iron mg kg-1 47,650 45,598 43,719 53,699 36,498 59,940

Lead mg kg-1 716 990 1,316 775 637 1,296

Lithium mg kg-1 17.6 19.3 19.0 22.0 15.9 22.7

Magnesium mg kg-1 8,333 9,014 9,093 8,445 6,762 9,128 Manganese mg kg-1 881 751 794 876 874 1,596

Mercury mg kg-1 <0.42 <0.44 <0.45 <0.46 0.48 0.84

Molybdenum mg kg-1 8.68 13.8 11.3 8.95 9.61 22.9

Nickel mg kg-1 87.8 95.0 101 107 98.4 194 Phosphorus mg kg-1 4,564 4,964 5,125 6,975 5,119 6,785

Potassium mg kg-1 2,841 3,285 3,336 3,103 3,673 5,341

Selenium mg kg-1 <0.42 <0.44 <0.45 <0.46 0.54 0.85

Silver mg kg-1 2.21 4.93 7.25 4.29 4.91 11.6 Sodium mg kg-1 9,907 9,571 9,879 10,394 8,514 11,133

Strontium mg kg-1 339 336 354 346 208 300

Thallium mg kg-1 <0.08 <0.09 0.09 <0.09 0.26 0.84

Tin mg kg-1 111 136 115 193 149 242 Titanium mg kg-1 2,037 2,075 2,120 2,195 1,637 2,278

Vanadium mg kg-1 41.1 37.8 33.9 32.1 40.0 119

Zinc mg kg-1 2,054 2,255 2,841 2,277 2,066 3,134

Cyanide (Free) mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d n/d 0.83 0.88 Cyanide (Total) mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d n/d 1.05 1.00

EPH C10-C40 mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d n/d 34.6 197

Total PAH mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d n/d 0.81 4.56

Total PCB mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d n/d 0.0001 0.0001 Total phenols mg kg-1 n/d n/d n/d n/d 0.78 1.74

PCDD/DF WHO-TEQ ng kg-1 n/d n/d n/d n/d 4.64 11.8

Table 5.5 PAH concentrations

Determinands Units IBA4-ANN-041218

‘as received’ Acenaphthene mg kg-1 0.14 Acenaphthylene mg kg-1 0.42 Anthracene mg kg-1 0.19 Benz[a]anthracene mg kg-1 0.14 Benzo[a]pyrene mg kg-1 0.11 Benzo[b]fluoranthene mg kg-1 0.18

Note 1: Statistical information from WRc in-house data for IBA from municipal waste, moving grate facilities from 2014-2019. Note 2: Parameters in bold are > UK 95th percentile concentration but are not relevant to hazardous property assessment.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 31

Determinands Units IBA4-ANN-041218

Benzo[g,h,i]perylene mg kg-1 0.24 Benzo[k]fluoranthene mg kg-1 0.07 Chrysene mg kg-1 0.12 Coronene mg kg-1 0.10 Dibenz[a,h]anthracene mg kg-1 0.13 Fluoranthene mg kg-1 0.47 Fluorene mg kg-1 0.25 Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene mg kg-1 0.43 Naphthalene mg kg-1 3.71 Phenanthrene mg kg-1 0.12 Pyrene mg kg-1 0.16 Total PAHs mg kg-1 6.98

Table 5.6 Dioxin/Furan and PCB and Dioxin-like PCB concentrations

Determinand Units

DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218

Total ITEQ

‘as received’

Dioxins

2378 ng kg-1 <0.20a <0.20a

12378 ng kg-1 <0.32a <0.16a

123478 ng kg-1 <0.41a <0.04a

123678 ng kg-1 <0.46a <0.05a

123789 ng kg-1 <0.51a <0.05a

1234678 ng kg-1 3.75 0.04

OCDD ng kg-1 11.2 0.01

Furans

2378 ng kg-1 <0.66a <0.07a

12378 ng kg-1 0.78 0.04

23478 ng kg-1 1.02 0.51

123478 ng kg-1 0.81 0.08

123678 ng kg-1 0.83 0.08

234678 ng kg-1 2.01 0.20

123789 ng kg-1 0.54 0.05

1234678 ng kg-1 7.51 0.08

1234789 ng kg-1 0.96 0.01

OCDF ng kg-1 7.33 0.01

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 32

Determinand Units

DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218

Total ITEQ

‘as received’

Total ITEQ 1.67

PCBs and Dioxin-like PCBs

PCB 81 ng kg-1 0.51

PCB 77 ng kg-1 1.94

PCB 123 ng kg-1 <0.11a

PCB 118 ng kg-1 1.63

PCB 114 ng kg-1 0.20

PCB 105 ng kg-1 1.03

PCB 126 ng kg-1 0.90

PCB 167 ng kg-1 0.22

PCB 156 ng kg-1 0.43

PCB 157 ng kg-1 0.34

PCB 169 ng kg-1 0.44

PCB 189 ng kg-1 0.33

Total PCBs ng kg-1 8.07

Total WHO-TEQ

Humans ng kg-1 1.70

Birds ng kg-1 3.10

Fish ng kg-1 1.83

5.4 Conclusions

The composition of the IBA presented in the above section demonstrates that the ash is consistent with IBA produced from WtE facilities in the UK. The XRD and XRF data show that the bulk mineralogy of the ash is as expected from a MSW input feed to the WtE facility. The data shows that there are not abnormal elements or phases present in the IBA which would be parameters of concern and the phases which are present are typical phases expected to be derived from household wastes such as ceramics, glass and building materials.

The elemental composition of the waste is typical of IBA and there are also no abnormal characteristics of the ash when compared to WRc’s in-house dataset. Although the IBA must be assessed on an individual basis, the comparison between this IBA and others provides confidence that the assignment of ‘worst case’; compounds for hazard property assessment can be helped by the supported by previous research and knowledge gained over years of IBA management.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 33

6. Thermodynamic modelling

Thermodynamic modelling can be used to predict the mineralogical composition of the IBA based on the process parameters and the IBA composition. The model is useful to be able to predict the presence of the minor phases which are present at compositions lower than the limits of detection of standard analytical techniques.

The model can also be used to predict the behaviour of certain chemicals during the incineration process if they were present in the input material. This provides information as to whether the compound is likely to persist during the incineration process. An example may be organic compounds which combustion and therefore are not present in the IBA. This provides a justification in omitting them during the assignment of ‘worst case’ compounds.

In this report, the thermodynamic model was used to support the data obtained during the leachability and sequential chemical extraction testing and provide additional evidence to support the justification of the assignment of ‘worst case’ compounds to copper and zinc.

The composition of the IBA used as the input for the thermodynamic modelling is shown in Figure 6.1, this based on the average of the XRF data on the four samples under test. The XRF data used in the model is the same as that presented in Table 5.1. The composition contains a mixture of the phases which represent the likely input species for example SiO2 and NaCl which produces more realistic modelling results due to the differences in the chemical potential of the starting elements or phases.

The oxygen concentration was varied to demonstrate the effect of process conditions on the formation of various phases in the IBA. This was done with specific focus on copper and zinc to show which phases may form if they were subjected to oxygen deficient zones in the bed rather than oxygen rich zones.

The model was run under the conditions of atmospheric pressure and temperatures from 25°C to 1000°C to demonstrate the effect of the temperature conditions inside the process.

The phases produced under these conditions are assumed to be maintained after the ash is quenched in water due to the sharp temperature decrease meaning there would be no significant phase changes in the material.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 34

Table 6.1 Composition input parameters for the model based on XRF data

Element Unit Average values of the four IBA samples

SiO2 % 39.8 Ti % 0.7 Al % 4.1 Fe % 6

CaO % 22.3 MgO % 2.23 KCl % 1.2

NaCl % 7.9 P % 0.6 S % 1.0

Cu % 0.2 Zn % 0.3

H2O % 2.9 C % 1.9

Oxygen % 5-30

Figure 6.1 shows the major phases predicted by the thermodynamic model. In the temperature range of relevance to the combustion chamber i.e. 600 to 1000 °C these phases include wollastonite (CaSiO3), anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) and other calcium-silicates, which are predicted to be the most stable phases at equilibrium.

The relatively short residence times within the combustion chamber in an incineration process does not allow for all of the combusted material involved in the process to reach phase equilibrium. However, the XRD results identify both equilibrium and early phase formation that match the phases predicted from the thermodynamic modelling.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 35

Figure 6.1 The major crystalline phases predicted from the thermodynamic model

The thermodynamic model was used to predict the phases of copper and zinc which would form under equilibrium conditions. The results of the modelling show that the speciation of both copper and zinc is dependent on the process conditions highlighted by the variation in the outputs when the oxygen concentration changes.

Copper metal is predicted to be the most stable species of copper under low and intermediate oxygen concentrations. The thermodynamic modelling suggests that it is possible that copper sulphides may form under these conditions if sulphur is available. Under oxygen rich conditions, copper-aluminium species are predicted to form as presented in Table 6.2.

Table 6.2 Copper species predicted to form in the thermodynamic modelling

Process condition at 900°C

Oxygen deficient (5 wt% oxygen)

Midrange oxygen (10 wt% oxygen)

Oxygen rich (30 wt% oxygen)

Copper species predicted Cu0/Cu2S Cu0/Cu2S Al2CuO4

Zinc is predicted to form mineral species and sulphides in the thermodynamic model as shown in Table 6.3. Zinc silicates are expected to be formed in processing conditions with low or intermediate levels of oxygen, but will readily form sulphides in the presence of excess oxygen. This largely coincides with the sequential extraction data which suggests that 60% of the zinc is present as either zinc silicate or as zinc sulphide and with historical data which suggests that

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 36

the zinc is present as zinc silicate. No ecotoxic phases of zinc are predicted in the thermodynamic modelling, but as equilibrium conditions are not achieved in the process, it may be that the ash contains fractions of unreacted zinc. The sequential extraction procedure cannot distinguish between zinc metal, zinc oxide or hydroxide and so it is not possible to determine which zinc compounds are extracted in stage 2 and 3 of the procedure. It may be that unreacted pieces of zinc metal are still present in the IBA or as unreacted zinc oxide.

The model was run to determine the persistence of the ecotoxic compounds within the system. If the copper or zinc were present in oxide form in the input material, these species are not predicted to persist within the composition under any of the process conditions modelled and instead form copper metal/aluminates and zinc silicates. Therefore, even at low temperatures poor combustion conditions, these phases are not expected to persist and form instead more stable phases such as silicates.

However, it may also be that not all silicates which are formed under the process conditions are fully stabilised and may have varying solubility in acids i.e. some of the silicates formed by be metastable meaning that are more reactive than their fully crystalline polymorphs. Based on the previous work completed by ECN and WRc in 2012 which concluded that zinc should be present as a silicate and the prediction that zinc oxides should not persist in the system, metastable silicates may be the reason why some zinc is extracted from the sample in earlier stages then predicted in the sequential extraction procedure. The previous work was based on leaching behaviour tests and a geochemical modelling approach and it is important that these two approaches to chemical speciation are showing consistent results as this provides an added level of confidence in the conclusions being drawn on the DWtE facility IBA mineralogy.

Table 6.3 Zinc species predicted to form in the thermodynamic model

Process condition at 900°C

Oxygen deficient (5 wt% oxygen)

Midrange oxygen (10 wt% oxygen)

Oxygen rich (30 wt% oxygen)

Zinc species predicted

Zn2SiO4/ZnS Zn2SiO4/ZnS ZnAl2O4

The extent of reaction of the zinc input materials may be more important in regards to understanding its speciation than it is for copper as it is likely that the majority of copper input would be present as copper metal in MW. The high melting point of copper (1,084°C) and of brass (900-1000°C) means that if the copper was present in the IBA as either of these forms, it is unlikely that it would react based on the typical residence time on a moving grate being less than that required to reach equilibrium based on the slow kinetics of solid state reactions. It is for the same reasons why the zinc silicates may not fully formed during the process.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 37

7. Leachability data

7.1 Introduction

Leachability testing is a requirement for acceptance for different classes of landfill and cannot be used for a hazard property assessment.

Nevertheless, information can be obtained from the leachability characteristics of the ash which provide a greater understanding over what species are likely to be present. In this section the water leachability characteristics are presented alongside the results of specialist leaching tests (sequential chemical extractions).

These two tests provide information on the likely presence of specific species in the ash. The water leachability test provides information on whether highly mobile species in the ash are present, for example; chlorides or sulphates. The sequential chemical extractions are designed to target and quantify the presence of specific compound groups associated with certain elements. For this report, the sequential chemical extractions have been undertaken to characterise copper and zinc, two elements for which the assignment of ‘worst case’ compounds is important for HP14 assessment.

7.2 Water leachability (BS EN 12457-3)

The results of undertaking a two-step liquid to solid leaching test (BS EN 12457-3) on IBA 4 are provided in Table 7.1. All values are reported on a dry weight basis and have not been adjusted to take into account the moisture content of the sample.

The leachability of key trace metal parameters (copper, zinc, nickel) that could be used as an indicator of the presence of water soluble and potentially ecotoxic metal compounds are all low (Copper - < 4.5 mg/kg, lead < 36.2 mg/kg, nickel < 0.13 mg/kg and 17.4 mg/kg) and significantly less than the cut off value for individual compounds in the hazardous property assessment. This indicates that water soluble species of these elements such as chlorides or sulphates may only be present in negligible concentrations in the ash.

7.3 Leachability in context of other data

The relationships between the determinands from the different methods of analysis are examined in a series of plots, using the unified system of data presentation recommended by CEN TC 292 (Waste Characterisation). Such analysis is particularly beneficial when data from pH dependence or upflow percolation tests are available. Leachability data in mg kg-1 are plotted against liquid to solid ratio and total composition is plotted as a straight line. It should be noted that all values are reported as dry weight values that have not been corrected for moisture content. A generic example to explain the leaching plots, in this case, for Zn is shown in Figure 7.1. Data specific to DWtE is provided in the plots provided in Figure 7.2.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 38

Table 7.1 IBA leachability at L/S2 and L/S10 – December 2018

Results of water-based leaching tests in mg kg-1 unless otherwise stated

IBA4-ANN-041218 IBA data range 2014-19 for L/S10

L/S2 L/S10 Average 95th %ile

pH 12.90 13.00 11.92 12.80

Conductivity (µS/cm) 16,670 8,075 4,235 7,999

Aluminium <0.5 1.92 649 1,914

Antimony <0.01 0.01 0.18 0.53

Arsenic <0.05 <0.05 0.04 0.05

Barium 0.60 3.90 8.69 21.8

Boron <0.5 <1 0.96 1.16

Cadmium <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01

Calcium 2,662 8,866 4,590 10,053

Chromium <0.05 0.26 0.26 0.69

Chromium (VI) <0.01 <0.05 0.27 0.83

Cobalt <0.05 <0.2 0.11 0.20

Copper 3.24 4.45 7.46 16.7

Iron <0.5 <1 0.72 1.00

Lead 12.5 36.2 9.88 35.2

Magnesium <1 <5 3.35 5.00

Manganese <0.5 <0.5 0.35 0.50

Mercury <0.005 <0.01 0.01 0.01

Molybdenum 0.68 1.05 1.05 1.71

Nickel 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.22

Phosphorus <5 <5 5.01 6.00

Potassium 1,043 1,091 1,800 3,108

Selenium 0.03 <0.03 0.03 0.05

Sodium 2,922 3,012 2,952 5,470

Thallium <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.10

Tin <0.1 <0.2 0.35 0.35

Titanium <0.05 <0.2 0.43 3.04

Vanadium <0.01 <0.03 0.06 0.12

Zinc 3.50 17.4 9.43 21.8

Bromide 24.2 24.2 41.1 71.4

Fluoride <2 3.00 8.08 30.0

Alkalinity as CaCO3 4,738 19,609 10,159 18,756

Nitrate 0.30 2.90 3.68 12.3

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 39

Results of water-based leaching tests in mg kg-1 unless otherwise stated

IBA4-ANN-041218 IBA data range 2014-19 for L/S10

L/S2 L/S10 Average 95th %ile

Nitrite 0.20 2.20 1.90 3.64

Ammoniacal nitrogen 2.50 3.30 5.01 8.68

Sulphate 3,165 6,544 1,833 5,069

Chloride 4,930 5,251 6,007 10,299

Dissolved organic carbon 219 293 644 1,103

Total dissolved solids 21,125 58,024 75,057 81,078

Note: Statistical information based on IBA data from WRc in-house data from 2014-19

Figure 7.1 IBA – generic example leaching plot for zinc

The plots in Figure 7.2 indicate that the leachability in water at L/S10 for zinc was above the inert waste acceptance limit for IBA. The slope between the leachability points at L/S2 and L/S2-10 give an indication of the rate at which leaching is likely to occur2. The plot also shows that only a very small fraction of the total zinc is available for leaching. The sample IBA exhibited total lead concentrations above the cut off value of 1000 mg/kg. The high pH of the eluate will lead to increased lead solubility which is observed in this sample. However, there are no waste acceptance criteria for non-hazardous waste.

2 More precise information on the release of a contaminant with time can be derived from upflow percolation leaching tests, where leaching in a column is assessed between liquid:solid ratio 0.1:1 to 10:1. Kappa values can be calculated for use in environmental risk assessments.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 40

Figure 7.2 Leachability plots IBA – December 2018

Aqua regia concentration (dimensionless).

Landfill WAC for hazardous wastes

Landfill WAC for SNRH waste

Landfill WAC for inert wastes

Red squares are L/S2 (solid square) and L/S2-10 (solid square with cross) for BS EN 12457-3

Key

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 41

7.4 Conclusion

Of key importance to the hazardous property assessment of the Dublin IBA is that this test data indicates the DWtE IBA is entirely consistent with the historic data set held by WRc for UK wide IBA for both major constituents and important trace metals which include, lead, nickel, copper and zinc. This provides confidence that these four samples are typical of IBA being produced from a predominately residual municipal waste feedstock and moving grate combustion system and therefore a similar outcome for the hazardous property assessment to UK IBA would be expected.

7.5 Advanced leaching tests

7.5.1 Application

Advanced leaching tests can provide enhanced data to support the water leachability data for specific elements.

These tests are being used in the context of IBA waste classification to provide additional information on the speciation of copper and zinc in IBA to determine if ecotoxic compounds are likely to present and if so, in what proportion.

Although these advanced leaching tests cannot identify specific compounds within a material, they do provide information on what compound groups an element of interest could be associated with; i.e. hydroxides, oxides or as metallic species. Coupled with knowledge of the system being studied (such as the material genesis, bulk composition and process conditions), the data obtained from sequential extractions can be used to greatly refine assumptions regarding speciation.

Geochemical speciation work has been undertaken on IBA as part of work for the Environmental Services Association. The approach employed a raft of leaching behaviour tests and a geochemical modelling tool – ORCHESTRA to predict solid phase mineralogy, This work indicated that copper is predominately present in IBA as metallic copper with varying percentages of oxides or hydroxides and zinc predominately as non-ecotoxic silicates with varying percentages of oxides and hydroxides.

As well as supporting the leachability data, the advanced leaching tests can also support the results of thermodynamic modelling (with XRF/XRD) to provide robust information regarding the speciation specific elements within IBA.

Copper and zinc are elements which have historically been present in IBA at concentrations which could trigger hazard property thresholds. Therefore, obtaining greater understanding of their speciation is important to be able to more accurately assign ‘worst case’ compounds for hazard assessments specifically for HP14.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 42

This current test programme was designed to provide information on the percentage of copper and zinc that should be included in the HP14 assessment calculations (as is routinely undertaken for IBA) to refine the face value hazardous property assessment and identify an appropriate waste classification.

7.5.2 Methodology

A wide variety of test procedures are reported throughout the literature3. The procedure used for this current work is a modified version of that used by Sammut et al4. Separate extraction procedures were used for the speciation of copper and zinc in the IBA. The extraction procedure for copper has been modified to give greater granularity in the speciation of the metal particularly to distinguish between copper metal and copper oxides. Most advanced leaching tests have been designed for soil speciation in which copper is not likely to be present in metallic form, which is not the case for IBA. Details of the liquid extractants used for each extraction stage and the associated target compounds are presented in Table 7.2 and Table 7.3.

Table 7.2 Liquid extractants used in the advanced leaching test method for copper

Extraction stage Liquid extractants Target components

1 de-ionised water Highly water soluble (chlorides and sulphates)

2 Sodium acetate Carbonates and hydroxides 3 Citric acid Copper (I) oxide 4 Sulphuric acid Copper (II) oxide

Table 7.3 Liquid extractants used in the advanced leaching test method for zinc

Extraction stage Liquid extractants Target components

1 de-ionised water Highly water soluble (chlorides and sulphates)

2 Sodium acetate Carbonates and certain oxides

3 Hydroxylamine hydrochloride Reducible compounds including iron and manganese oxides

4 Hydrogen peroxide and ammonium acetate

Oxidisable compounds including sulphides and organics

3 Rodgers et al, 2015, The potential of sequential extraction in the characterisation and management of wastes from steel processing: a prospective review, International journal of environmental research and public health (12) 11724-11755.

4 Sammut et al, 2008, Determination of zinc speciation in basic oxygen furnace flying dust by chemical extractions and X-ray spectroscopy, Chemosphere (70) 1945-1951.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 43

All extraction tests were conducted starting with an initial 10 g of dry solid. The four samples were tested in duplicate in both extraction procedures. Surrogate copper and zinc ‘spikes’ were also tested to determine the behaviour of certain compounds in the extraction stages. The copper spikes tested were copper metal (fine powder), copper oxide and copper hydroxide. The zinc spikes tested were zinc metal (fine powder), zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide, zinc sulphide and zinc silicate (finely ground willemite crystals).

A 50 g sub-sample of each ash sample was sent for copper and zinc analysis. The analysis was obtained using ICP-MS and an average value over 11 replicates was taken. This value was taken as the concentration of these metals in the sample and used to calculate the percentage extraction of these metals during each stage of the extraction procedure.

7.5.3 Experimental conditions for copper method

In all stages a weight/weight (w/w) liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 based on the initial weight of the dry solid material was used. After each stage, the liquid and solid fractions were separated using a centrifuge. The liquid fraction was removed for analysis and the solid fraction was recovered for the next stage of the extraction procedure. If required, an aliquot of the extraction solution to be used in succeeding phase was used to help recover the solid material from the centrifuge tube. If this was the case then the volume required was noted and accounted for.

Stages 1 and 2 of the extraction procedure were conducted for 16 hours and the suspensions were continually agitated using an orbital shaker.

Stage 3 of the extraction procedure was conducted for 6 hours with continuous agitation on an orbital shaker.

Stage 4 of the procedure was conducted for 2 hours with continuous agitation using a magnetic stirrer. The purpose of the shorter extraction periods was to avoid over-extracting non-target phases which would lead to uncertainty in interpretation of the data. A short time period was only required for the sulphuric acid step as copper oxides and copper hydroxide have been shown to dissolve almost immediately in this solution if present in the test sample.

The eluates recovered from each stage were sent to an external laboratory to determine their copper concentration by inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

7.5.4 Experimental conditions for zinc method

Extraction stages 1 to 3 were established with a w/w liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 based on the initial weight of dry, solid material (i.e. using 100 g of liquid). After each stage of the test, the liquid and solid fractions were separated in the same way as in the copper extraction procedure.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 44

The 4th fraction of the method was conducted by gradually adding H2O2 to the remaining solid until a liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 was established (based on the original solid material weight) and heating at 75°C for 30 minutes with a magnetic stirrer/hot plate. The suspension was then allowed to cool and an equal volume of pH 3 ammonium acetate solution added.

The eluates recovered from each stage were sent to an external laboratory to determine their zinc concentration by ICP-MS.

7.5.5 Copper results

The cumulative extraction of copper during the steps is reported in Table 7.4. The data has been converted to provide the percentage of copper extracted by the end of each stage. The testing procedure was performed in duplicate for each sample so each data point is an average of the duplicate results. The maximum extraction of copper was 19%. The average extraction by the final stage across the four samples was 14%. The data can be compared to the behaviour of the copper ‘spikes’ during the same test method which is presented in Table 7.5.

It can be seen, from the spike data, that by the final step all the copper oxide and copper hydroxide has been extracted. These are ecotoxic species, whereas the non-ecotoxic copper metal remains largely unaffected by the extraction solutions. The behaviour of the IBA samples is similar to that of copper metal giving confidence in the reporting that the majority of the copper should be present as non-ecotoxic species, most likely as copper metal. Other non-ecotoxic species such as copper sulphides also behave in a similar way although their behaviour is not presented here. This data reflects that of the 2012 work undertaken for ESA which suggested that copper is predominately present as copper metal in IBA.

Table 7.4 Cumulative copper extraction from each stage

Extraction stage W4709 W4710 W4711 W4712

DI water 0% 0% 0% 0% Sodium acetate 10% 8% 7% 5% Citric acid 14% 11% 9% 6% Sulphuric acid 19% 11% 18% 8% Remaining copper 81% 89% 82% 92%

Table 7.5 Cumulative copper extraction from each stage

Extraction stage Copper Copper oxide

Copper hydroxide

DI water 0% 0% 0% Sodium acetate 3% 3% 82% Citric acid 5% 4% 92% Sulphuric acid 14% 100% 100% Remaining copper 86% 0% 0%

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 45

Figure 7.3 shows the plots of the IBA and copper spikes during the advanced leaching tests. The plots clearly show the extraction of the ecotoxic compounds at various stages of the process. Only a small percentage of the copper from IBA is extracted during these stages and so only a small fraction can be attributed to these ecotoxic compounds.

Figure 7.3 Plots showing the behaviour of IBA samples and copper spikes during the copper method

There are over 25 harmonised and non-harmonised copper compounds that attract relevant hazard statement codes for the assessment of HP14, but copper hydroxide and copper oxide are presented here as the most likely forms of copper which are expected to be present in IBA. Other ecotoxic compounds such as copper chloride, copper carbonate and copper sulphate are very mobile and easily leached into water or weak acids so would be expected to be released during the first stages of the sequential extraction procedure. It is clear from this data that there is no leaching of copper in water and very little in the sodium acetate step (weak acid) and so it can be concluded that those compounds are not present in this IBA.

7.5.6 Zinc results

The behaviour of the zinc present in the IBA during the zinc test method is in shown in Table 7.6. The behaviour can be compared to the zinc spikes which are shown in Table 7.7.

The ecotoxic compounds presented in this study, zinc oxide and zinc hydroxide, are fully extracted by stage 3 (reducing agent) whereas the non-ecotoxic compounds zinc sulphide and zinc silicate are largely unaffected by that stage. However, zinc metal is also fully recovered by stage 3. Zinc metal is not ecotoxic. Unfortunately the test is not sufficiently selective to

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Originalconcentration

DI water Sodium acetate Citric acid Sulphuric acid

% C

oppe

r rem

aini

ng

Extraction step

Copper

Copper oxide

Copper hydroxide

W4709

W4710

W4711

W4712

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 46

differentiate between zinc metal, zinc hydroxide and zinc oxide using this method due to the similarities in the solubility of these compounds. To provide a further insight into the metallic zinc fraction, further magnetic separation steps were employed. The results of this work is presented in Section 8.

The data does show that there may potentially be a greater ecotoxic zinc content in IBA than there is of copper. Based on an average of the four samples, 40% of the zinc is attributed to ecotoxic compounds. However, this may be an over estimate due to the difficulty in differentiating between zinc metal, zinc oxide and zinc hydroxide. Although zinc metal is not predicted under equilibrium conditions by the model, there may be residual unreacted zinc present in the ash, or metastable zinc silicates or aluminates which are more soluble than their fully crystalline polymorphs.

The remaining zinc is likely to be present as either zinc silicate or zinc sulphide based on the behaviour of the zinc spikes and the results of the thermodynamic modelling. Both of these are stable phases, non-ecotoxic phases, and are only recovered from aggressive extraction solutions.

Table 7.6 Cumulative extraction of zinc from each sequential extraction stage

Extraction stage W4709 W4710 W4711 W4712

DIW 0% 0% 0% 0% Sodium acetate 29% 30% 27% 26% Reducing Agent 41% 43% 37% 38% Oxidising Agent 88% 93% 89% 90% Remaining zinc 12% 7% 11% 10%

Table 7.7 Cumulative extraction of zinc from each sequential extraction stage

Extraction stage Zinc metal Zinc oxide Zinc hydroxide Zinc sulphide Zinc silicate

(willemite) DIW 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Sodium acetate 34% 87% 83% 0% 4% Reducing Agent 99% 100% 100% 0% 7% Oxidising Agent 100% 100% 100% 100% 49% Remaining zinc 0% 0% 0% 0% 51%

Figure 7.4 shows the behaviour of the zinc present in IBA alongside the zinc spikes. The ecotoxic zinc compounds, zinc oxide and zinc hydroxide are those which are considered to be the most likely ecotoxic forms present in IBA. As with copper, there are various other ecotoxic species of zinc for example zinc carbonate, zinc sulphate and zinc chloride, but these are not expected to be present in the IBA due to the likelihood of them decomposing at the temperatures seen in the furnace. However, if they were to be present, they would be easily

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 47

leached into either the first DI water or weak acid steps. There is no extraction of zinc from the IBA in the water step so it can be concluded that these species are not present in any significant quantity, or at all.

Figure 7.4 Plots showing the behaviour of IBA samples and zinc spikes during the zinc sequential extraction procedure

7.5.7 Results of the advanced leaching tests

The results of the sequential extractions show that 85% of the copper and 60% of the zinc is present in the IBA as non-ecotoxic compounds. Therefore, only 15% of copper and 40% of zinc should presented as ecotoxic copper hydroxide and zinc hydroxide and be included in the hazardous assessment. A further refinement to the zinc ecotoxic fraction is made when including the results of the magnetic separation presented in Section 8.

7.5.8 Conclusions of the leaching testing

The results of both the leaching test using water leaching testing and the advanced leaching tests give complimentary data. The results show that there are little amounts of highly mobile copper and zinc present in the IBA which could be associated with chlorides or sulphates. Therefore, their presence in the ash can only be present in negligible quantities and should not be considered as the ‘worst case’ compounds.

The results of the advanced leaching tests showed that the majority of copper and zinc are associated with chemical species which are not classified as ecotoxic. There is a fraction of

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Originalconcentration

DI Water Sodium acetate Reducing agent Oxidising agent

% Z

inc

rem

aini

ng in

sam

ple

Sequential extraction step

W4709

W4710

W4711

W4712

Zinc metal

Zinc oxide

Zinc hydroxide

Willemite

Zinc sulphide

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 48

copper and zinc which is associated with ecotoxic compounds and which should be considered as the ‘worst case’ compound are:

• Copper hydroxide – ‘worst-case’ 15%. • Zinc oxide – ‘worst-case’ 40%.

A further refinement to the zinc ‘worst-case’ fraction is made when including the data provided by the magnetic separation work which quantifies the amount of zinc metal present in the material.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 49

8. Additional characterisation

8.1 Zinc metal quantification – magnetic separation

The advanced leaching tests lead to an over-estimation of the ecotoxic zinc due to the inability of the method to distinguish between zinc metal and the ecotoxic compounds zinc oxide and hydroxide. To provide greater resolution to the results and characterise the material more accurately, wet magnetic separation tests were undertaken to determine the metallic zinc concentration.

Although zinc is not a magnetic material, it is commonly used as a galvanised coating for iron and steel. Therefore, the zinc becomes associated with the iron which gives the iron-zinc alloy magnetic properties.

Although large ferrous and non-ferrous items are initially removed from the IBA prior to analysis, it is not possible to efficiently remove small metallic items meaning that there will be a residual metal fraction in the IBA. Wet magnetic separation is an effective technique to remove ferromagnetic items from a material as in a slurry the particles are suspended and more likely to interact with the magnet. This increases the efficiency of metal recovery from the material.

By isolating the metallic fraction from the mineral and non-crystalline phases of the ash, a metal concentrate can be produced which can be submitted for analytical testing. Without the non-metallic phases, much greater resolution from the analytical technique can be obtained providing valuable information of the speciation of the trace phases in the material for example; zinc.

8.2 Magnetic separation methodology

Approximately one kilogram of four IBA samples was prepared for magnetic separation. The samples tested are shown in Table 8.1. Two samples from the initial set of four tested in February 2019 and two of the samples tested in September 2019 were analysed. This was to demonstrate the consistency of the mineralogy of the samples across the operating period.

Table 8.1 IBA samples submitted for magnetic separation

WRc sample ID DWtE sample ID Zinc concentration

(mg/kg)

W4709 DUB-IBA1-HAZ-071118 1801

W4710 DUB-IBA2-HAZ-291118 1901

W6634 DUB-IBA3-HAZ-160819 2842

W6635 DUB-IBA4-HAZ-160819 2287

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 50

The ash samples were combined with water to produce slurries for magnetic separation. Approximately three litres of water were used to prepare the slurries and a small amount of commercial anti-flocculent to ensure the solids were suitably dispersed for the separation.

The slurries were passed over a magnetic cute to remove the ferromagnetic material. The slurries were passed over the chute twice to ensure a good extraction and the captured magnetic material was washed to remove as much non-magnetic material as possible.

The separated fractions were sent for total elemental analysis in triplicate following hot acid digestion and the metallic fraction was submitted for XRD to determine the speciation of zinc.

8.3 Magnetic separation results

The total mass balance during the magnetic separation is shown in Table 8.2. All four samples demonstrated an excellent mass balance and good consistency of the mass fraction of magnetic fraction recovered (12-13%).

Table 8.2 Total mass balance during magnetic separation

Sample ID Input mass (g) Magnetic

fraction (g) Non-magnetic

fraction (g) Mass balance

W4709 890 115 776 100%

W4710 678 90 585 100%

W6634 951 124 823 100%

W6635 987 121 859 99%

The zinc concentrations in all the fractions are shown in Table 8.3. It can be seen that there is a clear increase in concentration of zinc in the magnetic fraction indicating the association of zinc in the IBA with ferromagnetic components (iron for example).

The partitioning of zinc to the magnetic fraction for all the samples is shown in Table 8.4. These results show good consistency between the four samples regarding the zinc metallic fraction. The average zinc partitioning across all four samples was 26%.

To provide additional confidence in the data and account for errors regarding the analysis, the zinc magnetic fraction could be assumed to be 20% which can be used to refine the ecotoxicity factor determined from the advanced leaching tests.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 51

Table 8.3 Zinc concentrations in all fractions

Sample ID Zinc concentration

in input (mg/kg)

Zinc concentration in magnetic fraction

(mg/kg)

Zinc concentration in non-magnetic fraction

(mg/kg)

W4709 1801 4240 2005

W4710 1901 3830 1830

W6634 2842 4237 2397

W6635 2287 4751 1841

Table 8.4 Zinc partitioning to the magnetic fraction

Sample ID Zinc partitioning to magnetic fraction

W4709 30%

W4710 27%

W6634 19%

W6635 26%

8.4 X-ray diffraction results of the magnetic fraction

The magnetic fraction was sent for XRD to provide insight into the speciation of zinc. XRD typically has a limit of detection between 1-5 wt% depending on the sample. This means that the concentrations of zinc in the magnetic fraction are on the borderline of being detectable. This presents some error into accuracy and assignment of peaks.

Zinc is commonly used as a galvanised coating on iron and steel parts which are likely to be present in the input material to an EfW facility. Therefore, it is realistic to expect to find zinc-iron alloys or zinc meal in IBA.

Nevertheless, XRD analysis was performed on the magnetic fractions and the results of the analysis for each sample are shown in Figure 8.1 to Figure 8.4. The results show that the magnetic fraction is iron based, (presented as iron oxide) and contains some mineral phases which may be impurities from the magnetic separation.

The zinc is shown to be associated with mineral phases and also iron (as shown in sample W4710). Although the XRD analysis does not fundamentally show that the zinc in the magnetic fraction is metallic zinc, the analysis does demonstrate that the zinc in this fraction is not associated with ecotoxic phases.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 52

However, it is reasonable to assume that the zinc which has been extracted in the process is associated with metallic zinc for the following reasons:

• the zinc is shown to undergo a significant increase in concentration by isolating it in the magnetic fraction;

• zinc metal, or any other zinc species, is not ferromagnetic and therefore can only have magnetic properties by being associated with iron (zinc-iron alloy) which is most likely caused by the zinc’s use as a galvanised coating.

Figure 8.1 XRD results for W4709 magnetic fraction

Iron oxide, 45%

Silicon oxide, 17%

Calcium zinc aluminum silicate,

24%

Calcium carbonate, 10%

Calcium aluminium silicate, 4%

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:13



© WRc 2019 53



Iron oxide, 59%

Silicon oxide, 7%

Calcium zinc aluminium

silicate, 14%

Calcium carbonate , 8%

Zinc iron oxide, 4%

Calcium iron oxide, 8%

Iron oxide, 58%

Silicon oxide, 11%

Calcium zinc aluminium silicate,

15%


Calcium aluminium iron oxide, 7%

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 54


8.5 Combination of magnetic separation and advanced leaching test results

The results of the advanced leaching tests demonstrated that up to 40% of the total zinc concentration could be associated with ecotoxic zinc compounds. However, this result is a gross over-estimate due to the inability of the test to distinguish between zinc metal, oxide and hydroxide. Therefore, in order to quantify the amount of metallic zinc present, wet magnetic separation was employed to isolate the zinc metal from the IBA. The quantification of this fraction allows for a refinement of the advanced leaching test data.

Combined with the advanced leaching test data, the fraction of zinc which could be associated with ecotoxic compounds is 20%. This is demonstrated in Figure 8.5 alongside the copper speciation in Figure 8.6. These figures show that only a fraction of the total copper or zinc can reasonably be associated with ecotoxic compounds and be relevant for HP14 assessment.

Iron oxide, 65%

Silicon oxide, 10%

Calcium zinc silicate, 15%


Iron, 1%

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 55

Figure 8.5 A pie chat demonstrating the zinc speciation in IBA

Figure 8.6 A pie chart demonstrating the speciation of copper in IBA

Zinc silicates, 60% Zinc metal, 20%

Ecotoxic zinc, 20%

Copper metal, 85%

Ecotoxic copper, 15%

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 56

8.6 In vitro skin irritancy test

Additional characterisation work was undertaken to assess whether the IBA was irritant. Although the EPA guidance demonstrates that the irritancy assessment should be based on composition, the complexity of the IBA’s composition means that an accurate assessment using this methodology is very difficult. To counter this difficulty, the IBA was submitted for in vitro testing for irritancy to provide a definitive result.

In vitro tests can be performed using a reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) which mimics the upper parts of the human skin and, depending on the test, are used to determine whether a material is irritant or corrosive.

OECD TG 439 is used to determine if a material is irritant to human skin or eyes and OECD TG 431 is used to determine if the material is corrosive. Briefly, during these tests, the RhE is exposed to the material for a defined time period and the cell viability is measured. If after exposure the cell viability is below a defined threshold then the material is identified as being either irritant or corrosive. Typically, if a material has been identified as being non-irritant then a test for corrosivity is not required.

An IBA sample was submitted for an irritancy test. The results of this test demonstrated that the sample was non-irritant and therefore not corrosive either.

Due to the complexity of the IBA, an irritancy assessment based on composition is very difficult as the assignment of the correct compounds to assess this hazard property is challenging and can lead to an overly cautious assessment. The in vitro skin irritancy test is a robust and accepted method to determine the irritancy of a sample and so the results of this test should be treated with good confidence.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 57

9. Conclusions of WRc IBA characterisation

For the hazard property assessment of the DWtE IBA, a characterisation of the waste was required to facilitate the identification of the ‘worst case’ compounds for the elements in the waste. As outlined in WM3 further analysis and assessment of the waste based on the material’s origin was required due to the inadequacies of elemental compositional analysis. The heterogeneous nature of IBA provides a challenge for characterisation and speciation, especially for important trace elements such as copper and zinc. However, using a combination of analytical techniques, knowledge of the process and thermodynamic modelling a more accurate characterisation of the IBA has been performed. This allows for a more appropriate hazard property assessment to be undertaken which takes into account the realistic properties of the ash.

The conclusions of the characterisation of the IBA are as follows:

1. The bulk mineralogical composition of the IBA, provided by XRD and XRF has shown that the material is largely composed of common minerals such as quartz, calcium-silicates and alumino-silicates. These minerals are common and are characteristic of the minerals expected to be found in MSW from sources such as garden waste and building materials. This alongside the presence of an amorphous phase, which is likely to be caused by the presence of glass, iron and metastable minerals also demonstrate the MSW origin of the material. There are no unexpected or ‘exotic’ mineral phases in the ash which indicate that the material contains out of the ordinary components which may be of concern. These conclusions help to justify the likely hood that the input species of trace elements such as copper and zinc are to be from common applications such as metals (wire, brass, galvanised coatings etc.) or as fillers or pigments in the case of zinc oxide.

2. The elemental composition of the IBA is typical of IBA produced by UK based MSW WtE facilities operating with moving grate technologies. This similarity can be seen for all parameters which indicate that the IBA is of a typical character and can be put into context with this entire dataset. The concentrations of the major components of the DWtE IBA are within the normal ranges of IBA as well as the concentrations of key elements for HP14 assessment (copper, lead and zinc). Previous analysis by SGS has shown a higher variability of the copper and zinc concentration which has been reported to be as high as 21,000 mg/kg. However, this value is extraordinarily high and much greater than the 95th percentile and maximum values reported in WRc’s in-house data base. As discussed in the sample preparation chapter, if there are large pieces of metal remaining in the IBA when submitted for sampling then the concentrations of elements such as copper, zinc and iron are likely to be much higher than what would be expected. Therefore, these high results are likely to be a result of the sampling approached used. Metallic species of those elements do not carry any hazard statement codes or risk

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 58

phrases which are appropriate for IBA classification and should be discounted from the assessment.

3. The leaching behaviour of the IBA can be used to provide information on the presence of highly mobile species which are important for HP14 assessment. The L/S2 and L/S10 leaching data shows that there is low leaching of both copper and zinc from the ash. This indicates that there could only be a negligible concentration of highly mobile copper/zinc chlorides or sulphates in the material. This is supported by the advanced leaching test data which shows that there was negligible extraction of copper or zinc during the first water step (targeted for chlorides and sulphates). The advanced leaching tests combined with wet magnetic separation also showed that the majority of copper and zinc is associated with stable non-ecotoxic compounds. Only a fraction of the copper and zinc could be associated with ecotoxic compounds based on the sequential chemical extractions. This data will be used to inform the hazardous property assessment and assignment of ‘worst case’ compounds.

4. Thermodynamic modelling was performed to predict the mineralogical composition of the IBA especially targeted at the phases of copper and zinc predicted to support the leachability and sequential chemical extraction testing. The model allows for visibility of the speciation of trace elements which cannot usually be provided from standard analytical techniques such as XRD. The model shows that during the incineration process copper and zinc, independent of their speciation in the input feed, are predicted to form stable non-ecotoxic phases. Copper is predicted to be present in the IBA as copper metal, copper sulphide or copper aluminate. The promotion of the formation of any of those three compounds is dependent on the oxygen and sulphur concentration. Zinc is predicted to form zinc silicate, zinc sulphide or zinc aluminate. Importantly all those compounds are stable and have no hazard statements associated with them.

5. The thermodynamic modelling also puts into context the process in which the MSW is subjected to which eventually leads to the formation of the IBA. The process operating temperatures are above 850°C during which the organic, combustible and reactive chemicals present in the MSW will be destroyed whilst the remaining non-combustible, refractory or inert components form the IBA. Typically the behaviour of chemical groups can be summarised as follows:

• Organic compounds. These compounds undergo combustion and are destroyed forming combustion products (carbon dioxide, water, etc.). The composition testing shows low levels of organic compounds including persistent organic pollutants and a low TOC value.

• Volatile components. Compounds such as chlorides and sulphates, are typically volatilised during the process and exit the furnace to be captured in the gas abatement system. The less volatile forms of these elements remain in the furnace. The low leaching of zinc and copper in water indicates that this is true for this IBA.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 59

• Reactive components. The temperatures inside the furnace promote the decomposition or reaction of various components within the waste. Hydroxides, carbonates and some oxides are expected to react or decompose to more stable forms during the process. This is evident by the thermodynamic modelling which shows that no zinc or copper hydroxide should persist in the furnace conditions. The sequential chemical extractions also show quite clearly that the majority of the copper and zinc are associated with the stable forms of these elements.

• Refractory components. These components generally do not undergo reactions during the process. Silicon dioxide is commonly present as sand in the MSW and can be seen as a dominant phase in the IBA. However, these refractory components do not usually carry hazard statement codes or risk phrases which are appropriate for the IBA classification.

6. An IBA sample was submitted for in vitro irritancy testing to determine whether the ash is an irritant or corrosive. The results of the test demonstrate that the sample was reported as non-irritant and therefore non-corrosive.

WRc’s characterisation of the IBA which has been presented in the preceding allows for an accurate hazard assessment of the material. The methodologies used in the characterisation have been selected as appropriate techniques to accurately characterise the material allowing for an accurate hazard property assessment.

The outcomes of the characterisation work will be used to assign ‘worst case’ compounds for the appropriate hazard properties.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 60

10. Statistical analysis

10.1 Introduction

WRc have received eight IBA samples on which this hazard property assessment has been undertaken. These samples have been placed into context with WRc’s in-house IBA data set which comprises of over 3,000 samples. By contextualising the DWtE IBA in this way it is possible to see whether confidence can be obtained from the number of samples taken to inform the hazard assessment.

A comparison has also been made between WRc analysis and SGS Minerals analysis of IBA samples. A larger dataset has been generated by monitoring the IBA with SGS Minerals, but differences in the data can be observed.

10.2 Comparison of WRc and SGS data

Four samples were submitted to both SGS and WRc for analysis to assess whether there are any differences in the results.

Comparisons between the HP14 elements; copper, zinc, nickel and lead are shown from Figure 10.1 to Figure 10.4.

It can be seen from the comparison that the SGS and WRc is largely similar except for apparent spikes in the concentrations of the elements in some of the samples. Sample 1 shows a copper concentration of 14,000 mg/kg which is an order of magnitude higher than all the other WRc or SGS points.

Several ‘spikes’ in the concentration of elements such as copper or zinc can be seen throughout the entire SGS dataset for DWtE IBA. These spikes show concentrations of these elements which are extraordinarily high and significantly higher than the typical range of concentrations for those elements from IBA.

An explanation for the spikes could be due to the sample preparation used for the analysis. If there were pieces of metal which were not removed during the sample preparation then they would account for the spikes in concentrations. Another difference in the techniques used is that the data produced by SGS is of a single replicate (one test) whilst the WRc data was produced as an average of 11 replicates.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 61

Figure 10.1 A comparison of the copper concentrations determined by SGS and WRc

Figure 10.2 A comparison of the zinc concentrations determined by SGS and WRc

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

1 2 3 4

Conc

entr

atio

n (m

g/kg

)

Sample

SGS data

WRc data

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

1 2 3 4

Conc

entr

atio

n (m

g/kg

)

Sample

SGS data

WRc data

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 62

Figure 10.3 A comparison of the nickel concentrations determined by SGS and WRc

Figure 10.4 A comparison of the lead concentrations determined by SGS and WRc

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1 2 3 4

Conc

entr

atio

n (m

g/kg

)

Sample

SGS data

WRc data

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1 2 3 4

Conc

entr

atio

n (m

g/kg

)

Sample

SGS data

WRc data

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 63

Table 10.1 Reference table for the samples presented in Figure 10.1 to Figure 10.4

Sample number WRc code SGS code

1 IBA2-HAZ-270719 IBA-26-07-2019

2 IBA1-HAZ-100719 IBA-09-07-2019

3 IBA3-HAZ-160819 IBA-16082019

4 IBA4-HAZ-300819 IBA-30-08-2019

The WRc and the SGS data has been compared with the WRc in-house dataset to provide an indication on the whether the spikes of concentrations are representative of what might be expected from an IBA, or whether they are anomalies.

Figure 10.5 compares the SGS copper, lead and zinc analysis with the WRc in-house dataset. The outliers for the SGS data are extraordinarily high for typical IBA and therefore should not be considered representative of the IBA.

Figure 10.5 A box and whisker plot showing the copper lead and zinc concentrations. The box and whisker plot contains the data from WRc’s in-house data set, the red dots

are the DWtE samples analysed by WRc and the crosses represent the SGS data

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Copper Lead Zinc

Conc

entr

atio

n (m

g/kg

)

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 64

To bolster the WRc dataset from eight samples, random samples have been taken from WRc’s in-house dataset of over 3000 samples. This was considered appropriate given the previous analysis which has demonstrated that the DWtE data shows good similarity to the in-house data.

The dataset was increased to 100 samples to provide an insight into the distribution of the values for copper and zinc in the IBA. The purpose was to demonstrate the likelihood of the eight DWtE samples missing an elevated copper or zinc value. The copper and zinc ecotoxic refinement factors were applied to the 100 samples after the copper and zinc concentrations have been converted to their ‘worst case’ compound concentration (copper hydroxide and zinc hydroxide) as per the HP14 methodology requirements. In this way it is possible to show the probability of a sample being greater than the HP14 cut-off values for individual compounds which is 1,000 mg/kg. The refinement factors which have been produced for this work are typical for IBA in the UK, although historically zinc has been completely discounted from the assessment.

The distributions are shown in Figure 10.6 and Figure 10.7.

Figure 10.6 Distribution of copper concentrations - ecotoxicity refinement factor 15%

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 50 100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

% o

f res

ults

Copper hydroxide concentration (mg/kg)

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 65

Figure 10.7 Distribution of zinc concentrations - ecotoxicity refinement factor 20%

Both copper and zinc show normal distributions for their respective concentrations. For copper it is demonstrated that 99% of the copper hydroxide concentrations fall below the 1,000 mg/kg cut-off value. The zinc distribution shows that 98% of the zinc hydroxide concentrations fall below 1000 mg/kg. Therefore, these results demonstrate that there is good confidence that the eight samples are sufficient to provide an accurate hazard assessment of the material. All eight samples are below the 1,000 mg/kg cut-off value for copper and zinc, and as the DWtE ash demonstrates good similarity with the bulk mineralogy and composition with UK based IBA, good confidence can be obtained that the eight samples have not missed samples with elevated concentrations of key metals.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 50 100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

% o

f res

ults

Zinc hydroxide concentration (mg/kg)

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 66

11. Worst case compound assignment

11.1 Introduction

The Waste Framework Directive (WFD) (2008/98/EC) sets out the basic waste management definitions for the European Union. It also lays down the requirements for identifying and controlling hazardous waste. It requires wastes to be identified as hazardous/non-hazardous according to either the origin of the waste (as laid out in the List of Waste established as part of the WFD) or according to its particular properties (as laid out in Annex III of the WFD).

The List of Wastes requires all wastes to be assigned a code on the basis of the origin of the waste. The LoW codes IBA as non-hazardous (19 01 12 “bottom ash and slag other than those mentioned in 19 01 11”) or hazardous (19 01 11* “bottom ash or slag containing hazardous substances”) dependent on whether it contains ‘hazardous substances’. Air pollution control residues (solid waste from gas treatment) are coded as absolute hazardous wastes (19 01 07*) and as such are classified as hazardous under any circumstances.

On 1 June 2015, Annex III of the WFD was updated by Commission Regulation (EU) No 1357/2014 of 18 December 2014, which brings the WFD in line with the “Regulation on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006” (the CLP Regulation). This update to the legislation brought in new hazard properties and methodologies for assessing whether a waste is hazardous or not.

The EPA brought out guidance (2015) for implementing the European approach in Ireland, at the same time as the environmental agencies for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland issued revised UK technical guidance on classifying wastes (Technical Guidance, WM3). These documents laid out the process for classifying wastes in line with the changes to the Waste Framework Directive (WFD) and in line with the Regulation on classification, labelling and packaging of mixtures and substances – the CLP Regulation.

On the 9th of April 2018, the Commission published technical guidance on the classification of waste (2018/C 124/01)5, as announced in the Commission's January 2018 Communication on options to address the interface between chemical, product and waste legislation6. The document provides guidance to national authorities, including local authorities, and businesses

5 European Commission. Commission notice on technical guidance on the classification of waste (2018/C 124/01).

6 European Commission. Communication from the commission to the European Parliament , the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions. On the implementation of the circular economy package: options to address the interface between chemical, product and waste legislation. COM(2018).

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 67

(e.g. for permitting issues) on the correct interpretation and application of EU legislation on the classification of waste. It covers a comprehensive overview of relevant EU legislation, gives examples of waste types for which classification is considered difficult by stakeholders, and provides step-by-step information on how to assess whether waste displays hazardous properties and on how to classify it.

The UK guidance was revised in July 2018, (2018) updating the guidance on the assessment of HP14 (ecotoxity).

The available datasets on chemical classification need to be regularly assessed to ensure the information used to classify the waste is current. Newly published studies, data or opinions by authoritative bodies need to be taken into account when assigning the potential ‘worst-case’ compound and their respective hazard statement codes to the waste. This assessment has been undertaken using all available current data but cannot take into account any future information that may become available.

11.2 Approach for organic components

There are hundreds of organic compounds that have the potential to render a waste hazardous under any one of the 15 hazard properties. In order to assess the total presence of all these compounds, it is useful to use surrogate parameters such as total petroleum hydrocarbons as a screen.

It is generally considered that organic molecules of high molecular weight are non-toxic7,8,9. For example, The EA Science Report “Calculation of Molecular Dimensions Related to Indicators for Low Bioaccumulation Potential” states that:

“Molecular weight (MW) is a fundamental and unambiguous parameter. It is simple to calculate and has been used in quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies for many years. MW is considered the simplest measure of molecular size; it is simple to calculate and not affected by conformations. There has been a belief for many years that “large” molecules will not pass through membranes (unless there is an active transport mechanism) and hence will not have biological activity. MW is a good descriptor for this,

7 Brooke, D.N., Dobbs, A.J. and Williams, N. (1986) Octanol-water partition coefficients (P) measured, estimated and interpreted: particular for chemicals with P > 105. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 11, 251.

8 Van Gestel, C.A.M., K Otermann, K. and Canton, J.H. (1985) Relation between water solubility, octanol/water partition coefficients, and bioconcentration of organic chemicals in fish: A review. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 5, 422-431.

9 Zitko, V. (1980) Metabolism and distribution by aquatic animals In: Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Volume 2, Part A. (Ed: 0. Hutzinger) Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 221-229.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 68

and upper limits for (pharmacological) activity are commonly assumed to be in the region of 500-700 Da. Indeed, the Lipinski rule of five uses an upper limit of 500 Da.”10

Therefore only the lower molecular weight organic compounds need to be considered as part of an assessment of carcinogenicity. The total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) determination is used as a screen for these compounds – if there are high concentrations of lower molecular weight organic compounds in the sample, an elevated TPH result will be reported.

For the organic portion of the IBA, TOC, TC and LOI were all within the expected ranges. Total PCBs and total phenols were all present at low levels at 0.000008 mg kg-1 and 1.07 mg kg-1.

Total PAHs were above the WRc dataset 95th %ile.

Dioxins and furans (PCDD/DF) were within the usual range with total PCDD/DF ITEQ at 1.67 ng kg-1. The concentrations of TPH with a carbon chain length of <40 were 17.0 mg kg-1. The TPH makes up only a small proportion of the total organic carbon, and therefore the majority of the organic carbon was present as large biologically benign compounds of high molecular weight and can therefore be discounted from the hazard assessment. It was therefore assumed that the organic component of the IBA does not contribute to the hazard status of the IBA. The assessment of hazard for IBA need therefore only be considered in terms of inorganic components.

11.3 Approach for inorganic components

Inorganic and organometallic compounds present in a waste must be considered against the relevant hazard thresholds. Hazard thresholds are applied depending on the hazard statement codes that are appropriate for that particular compound. The primary source is the Classification, Labelling and Packaging inventory (ECHA, 2015), which lists all the chemicals registered with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) under the Classification, Packaging and Labelling Regulations (CLP) (EC) No 1272/200811 and their harmonised and non-harmonised hazard statement codes.

11.3.1 Compounds known to be in the waste

As a first step, it is important to establish if there is any evidence that can be drawn on that identifies the dominating compounds in the waste. If knowledge of these compounds exists then these compounds are used in the hazard assessment.

The characterisation of the waste which is presented above allows for a more accurate assessment of the compounds which are likely to be present in the IBA. This data can be used

10 Brooke, D.N. and Cronin, M.T.D. (2009). Calculation of molecular dimensions related to indicators for low bioaccumulation potential. Environment Agency.

11 European Commission Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 69

to inform the decision on which compounds to assign for classification as well as drawing on knowledge of the process and historical work undertaken on IBA.

Geochemical modelling undertaken for the Environmental Services Association by Hans van der Sloot in conjunction with WRc (ESA, 2012) investigated the mineralogy of copper, nickel and zinc in order to identify the dominating species of each element. This modelling indicated that copper (II) hydroxide is a key phase controlling copper release in fresh IBA, with iron oxides and organic matter. For fresh, unprocessed IBA, 20% of the total copper concentration was included in the assessment of all relevant Hazard Properties as copper hydroxide. The modelling indicated that nickel is mostly present as nickel hydroxide and therefore as a worst case 100% of the concentration of nickel is considered to be present as nickel hydroxide.

The Hazard Statement Codes assigned to copper hydroxide and nickel hydroxide dictate which Hazard Properties are applicable. The appropriate Hazard Statement Codes for these compounds were obtained from various sources such as European Chemical Agency (ECHA) opinions, the CLP inventory and the REACH registration dossier for copper hydroxide and nickel hydroxide. Please see the following sections for further information.

Modelling of IBA from a number of European energy from waste facilities has shown that the zinc mineralogy is dominated by forms of zinc such as zinc silicate (ESA, 2012). There is no evidence provided by ECHA, the CLP inventory, REACH registration dossiers or any other authoritative evaluation that suggest that zinc silicates have any applicable Hazard Statement Codes.

The characterisation work which has been performed on the DWtE IBA has produced results which complement the initial modelling work described above.

The water and advanced leaching tests largely confirms the geochemical modelling for both copper and zinc. Both tests indicate that chloride and sulphate forms of these two elements are not present in the IBA. The advanced leaching tests combined with wet magnetic separation confirmed that only a fraction of the copper concentration could be associated with copper hydroxide (15%) and zinc was largely present as non-ecotoxic species (most likely zinc silicate) and only 20% could potentially be associated with zinc hydroxide.

11.3.2 Unknown compounds in the waste

In IBA, it is not possible to identify many of the actual inorganic compounds present and so an assessment is made by analysing the main element present and extrapolating the concentrations to the “worst-case” compound that could be present in IBA. A “worst-case” compound can be described as a compound which can reasonably be found in the waste at the highest concentration and/or has the most stringent thresholds for assessment of each hazard property. WRc have developed a strategy for selecting the “worst-case” compounds that are potentially found in the IBA.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 70

11.3.3 Selection of elements for assessment

Thirty metal elements were analysed in the IBA sample received from Dublin, the concentrations of which informed the “worst-case” compound selection process. The IBA data were collated and the maximum concentrations detected were compared to the most stringent hazard thresholds for each of the hazardous properties. Those elements that had maximum concentrations close to or above the most stringent thresholds were then investigated further as potentially being present as hazardous compounds at hazardous concentrations in the IBA. Selection of compounds for inclusion in the hazard assessment

Potential worst-case compounds containing the elements identified were investigated. The main source of information for finding the ‘worst-case’ compounds was the CLP inventory. In order to select an appropriate compound for assessment and an appropriate hazard statement code the following steps and decisions were used.

1. Searches of the entire CLP inventory were conducted to create lists of all the compounds in the CLP inventory that contain the relevant elements.

2. Those elements that have no associated hazard statement codes either harmonised or non-harmonised were discounted from further assessment.

3. Those compounds with harmonised or non-harmonised hazard statement codes that would require that compound to be assessed against appropriate thresholds either the most stringent thresholds, or for elements with very high concentrations a less stringent threshold, were taken forward for further assessment. These hazard statement codes were either harmonised or non-harmonised and no differentiation between the two was made at this stage.

4. Compounds with appropriate hazard statement codes were then assessed as to their likelihood of being present in the IBA. Compounds that met the following criteria were excluded from further assessment.

a. They are organic chemicals i.e. they would be destroyed during the incineration process.

b. They contain counter ions that are only present in the IBA at very low concentrations, therefore they cannot be found in the IBA at high enough concentrations to be hazardous.

c. They are very soluble compounds. The leachable concentrations of elements in these samples are generally very low especially compounds such as copper and zinc (with exception to calcium) and therefore it is unlikely that the dominating compounds in the IBA would be soluble compounds.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 71

d. They are specific compounds that are produced by industrial processes such as metal refining. These are unlikely to be present in the input waste stream and therefore are unlikely to be present in IBA at high concentrations.

5. The compounds remaining that have appropriate hazard statement codes and cannot be excluded by application of the criteria above were then assessed further to establish which compounds would be present at the highest concentration, and which compounds have the most stringent thresholds. Priority was given to compounds that have harmonised classifications followed by the worst-case hazard statement codes from the CLP. The worst-case compounds were then taken forward to assessment.

Table 11.1 outlines the ‘worst case’ compound assignments taken for hazard assessment of the DWtE IBA and their relevant hazard properties. In the following sections the justifications for the inclusion, or exclusion, of specific compounds or elements is outlined.

11.3.4 Hazard assessment

1. For each of the worst-case compounds (selected following step 1 and step 2) conversion factors were developed in order to convert 100% of the concentration of the main element present into the potential concentration of the compound in question.

2. The hazard assessment was then conducted according to EPA guidance using the potential worst-case compounds.

3. As appropriate “worst-case” compounds have been found in the CLP inventory, further sources were not interrogated for many of the compounds. For a few of the compounds that were identified, further investigation was required to confirm the non-harmonised classifications in the CLP inventory.

11.3.5 Aluminium

The average concentration of aluminium in these samples was high (24 866 mg kg-1) and therefore must be considered under all relevant hazardous properties. The only compound on the CLP inventory that seemed appropriate to aluminium in IBA was aluminium oxide. The classifications in the CLP inventory vary excessively with a few registrants classifying aluminium oxide under the most stringent thresholds (1,000 mg kg-1). However, a large majority of the registrants gave aluminium oxide no classifications at all. In this case the REACH registration dossier was investigated to find evidence that the stringent classifications were appropriate. The data in the REACH dossier did not support the more stringent thresholds for aluminium oxide and therefore they were not applied to the aluminium found in this case. This approach was employed to some of the compounds where the non-harmonised classifications appear to be highly variable or suspect.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 72

However, XRD analysis presented in Table 5.2 indicates that all of the aluminium in this sample can be accounted for by aluminates and alumino-silicates which carry no relevant hazard statement codes or risk phrases.

Therefore, aluminium is not further considered as part of the IBA hazardous property assessment.

11.3.6 Antimony

Antimony trioxide is the most relevant compound for inclusion of the assessment of IBA. This compound carries the hazard statement codes H373, H351 and H412 and therefore is relevant for hazard properties HP5, HP7 and HP14. I

In the DWtE IBA, the maximum concentration of antimony found was 71.3 mg/kg which would equate to an antimony trioxide concentration of 85.6 mg/kg, significantly below any of the threshold limits or cut-off values for the relevant hazard properties.

Therefore, antimony is not further considered as part of the IBA hazardous property assessment.

11.3.7 Arsenic

Arsenic trioxide carries the hazard statement codes H300, H350, H400 and H410, which correspond to the HP5, HP6 and HP14. These hazard statement codes have cut off limits of 0.1% and typically the arsenic levels in the IBA are below this limit. Arsenate is also an anion which could be reasonably associated with iron and calcium. The arsenic concentration would be used as the limiting factor in determining the presence of these chemicals within IBA.

The maximum concentration of arsenic found in the DWtE IBA was 15.5 mg/kg which when converted to either arsenic trioxide or calcium/iron arsenate is still significantly below any of the relevant threshold limits or cut-off values.

The arsenic levels in the IBA are too low to breach any relevant concentration limits or cut off limits and therefore is discounted from assessment.

11.3.8 Barium

Of the barium compounds the only which are likely to be found in IBA which could be considered ‘worst case’ compounds which are harmonised are barium polysulphide (or barium sulphide). This compound has the hazard statement codes H335 and H400 associated with it. The concentration limits for these two statement codes are 1% and 25% respectively.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 73

Although no harmonised, barium chromate could also reasonably be assumed to be present in IBA. This compound would be assessed using the chromium (VI) component of the compound to determine the maximum possible concentration.

The maximum barium concentration which was found in the DWtE IBA was 899 mg/kg and so when converted to barium polysulphide corresponds to 1,106 mg/kg which is greater than the 1,000 mg/kg cut-off value for HP14, but significantly below the threshold limit of 250,000 mg/kg.

Therefore, barium chromate is considered as the ‘worst case’ compound.

11.3.9 Calcium

Calcium chromate bears the hazard statement codes H302 (HP6), H350 (HP7) and H400, H410, (HP14). Other compounds which may be of concern are calcium cyanide, calcium hypochlorite, calcium phosphide and calcium polysulphides.

Calcium chromate is a chromium (VI) compound: due to the low concentration of chromium (VI) in IBA (<0.1 mg kg-1) the concentration of calcium chromate can be considered below the relevant hazard threshold.

For the same reason calcium cyanide concentration is below the relevant hazard threshold due to the low concentration of cyanides (<1 mg kg-1) in IBA. Calcium hypochlorite and calcium phosphide degrade at temperatures significantly lower than those found in an incineration process (>800ºC) therefore their presence in IBA can be discarded; similarly the presence of calcium polysulphides can be discarded, being liquid with a boiling point below 200ºC.

Calcium arsenate carries the hazard statement codes H350 (HP7), H301 and H331 (HP6). However, as highlighted above, the arsenic concentrations are too low to cause calcium arsenate to exceed even the most stringent threshold limit of 1,000 mg/kg.

The XRD data also demonstrated that the calcium is largely associated with alumino-silicate phases which most likely originate from building materials.

Calcium arsenate is considered as the ‘worst case’ compound, although it is significantly below the hazardous threshold.

11.3.10 Chromium

The only chromium compounds which have harmonised hazard statements associated with them are chromium (VI) compounds. As chromium (VI) is easily determined and distinguished from chromium (III). Therefore, any hazard characterisation based on using chromium (VI) can be accurately assessed based on the chromium (VI) concentration.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 74

All chromium (VI) compounds are considered as the ‘worst case’ and are assessed against the relevant cations. Chromium trioxide is considered the ‘worst case’.

11.3.11 Cobalt

Cobalt and cobalt oxide both have harmonised classifications for specific hazard statements. Therefore, these compounds will be used to assess the appropriate hazard property.

Cobalt has harmonised hazard statements for H350, H360F, H341, H317, H334 and H413. Cobalt oxide has the hazard statements H302, H317, H400 and H410 associated with it.

Cobalt oxide is considered the ‘worst case’ compound. Based on the concentration limits, or cut off values associated with the listed hazard statement codes, the concentration of cobalt is below all these limits for IBA.

11.3.12 Copper

The toxicity of copper is dependent on the chemical form (species) in which copper is present. Much of the copper in municipal waste would be expected to be present as copper metal (e.g. electrical wire and plumbing fittings) and alloys with zinc, tin or other trace metals. Copper metal and alloys are not ecotoxic and are largely unaffected by the incineration process.

As presented in the characterisation data, the copper has been shown to be largely associated with non-ecotoxic species. However, a fraction of the copper concentration could be present as ecotoxic forms and therefore should be taken into account for HP14 assessment. The sequential chemical extraction data suggests that 15% of the copper could be associated with copper hydroxide. This compound carries the hazard statement codes (H302, H330, H400 and H410).

The ‘worst case’ compound is taken as copper hydroxide and will be assessed using the data provided by the characterisation work presented above.

11.3.13 Iron

There are no harmonised classifications for iron compounds. Iron is typically present in the IBA as metallic iron. However, other compounds which may reasonably exist in IBA could be iron disulphide or iron arsenide. Neither of these compounds have a harmonised classification, but iron disulphide has hazard statement codes of H317 and H334 associated with it. As it is well know that the concentration of iron in IBA is dominated by metallic iron, the sulphur concentration would be the limiting factor for this assessment. Similarly for iron arsenate, the concentration of the arsenate ion would be the limiting factor for this assessment.

For iron disulphide, the concentration limit is 10% which is greater than the possible iron disulphide concentration in the IBA.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 75

Iron arsenate is taken as the ‘worst case’ compound. This has a cut off value for assessment is 0.1% which again is not breached based on the arsenic concentration.

11.3.14 Lead

All lead compounds in Table 3.2 of the Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulation bear the risk phrases H373, H302, H332, H351, H360, H400 and H410.

Lead compounds also bear the “Note 1” designation which means that the concentration of total lead in the waste is assessed against the relevant threshold not the concentration of the lead compound. Lead in IBA is currently assessed against the harmonised risk phrases for “lead compounds not otherwise listed in this annex” as the exact lead compounds in IBA are unknown. This is considered a “worst-case” assessment as individual lead compounds are not taken into account and the total lead is considered as a single substance. In reality many of the lead compounds present will be present below the trace impurities threshold and could be discounted.

The other lead compounds with harmonised risk phrases can be considered to be not relevant to IBA because the lead compounds:

• are very water soluble and the amount of leachable lead in this IBA sample is very small (<0.05 mg kg-1 at L/S10);

• they are present as organic compounds and would decompose during the incineration process; or

• the contain elements such as chromium (VI) and arsenic which are only present in IBA at very low concentrations which would preclude the presence of these lead compounds at high enough concentrations to be included in the assessment.

11.3.15 Lithium

Lithium hydroxide has a non-harmonised classification with the hazard statement code H302 associated with it. This would be taken as the ‘worst case’ compound for lithium. For HP6, the concentration limit for the H302 classification is 25%.

Due to the low concentration of lithium in IBA, lithium hydroxide can be discounted from further assessment.

11.3.16 Magnesium

The only magnesium compound which is relevant to IBA is magnesium oxide. However, this is a non-harmonised compound, but has the associated hazard statement code of H371 (HP5).

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 76

This has an associated concentration limit of 10% which equates to 100,000 mg/kg. This value is typically much greater than the magnesium concentrations found in the IBA.

Other compounds that contain magnesium and have H400 or H410 statement codes are “aluminium-magnesium-carbonate-hydroxide-perchlorate-hydrate” and “polyphosphoric acid, copper, sodium, magnesium, calcium, silver and zinc salt”. Both are mixtures (have no CAS numbers) and are from specific industrial processes which are unlikely to be present in WtE input materials and not considered for assessment.

Due to the concentration of magnesium in IBA, it can be discounted from the hazard property assessment.

11.3.17 Manganese

Manganese dioxide and potassium permanganate are two compounds which have harmonised classifications. Manganese dioxide has harmonised classifications for hazard statements H302 and H332 which has a concentration limit of 25% and 22.5% respectively.

Potassium permanganate carries the hazard statement codes of H302, H400 and H410. This compound decomposes at temperatures >250°C and so should undergo decomposition during the incineration process. This is emphasised by the fact that it is highly water soluble and so its presence can be assessed by determining the leachability of manganese from the IBA. In the DWtE leaching data the manganese concentration was determined to be <0.5 mg/kg and the average manganese concentration in the leaching data from WRc’s IBA database is 0.35 mg/kg. This demonstrates that potassium permanganate is typically not present in IBA.

Manganese dioxide will be assessed as the ‘worst case’ compound in IBA.

11.3.18 Nickel

Nickel hydroxide carries the hazard statements of H370, H302, H332, H350i, H360D, H341, H317, H400 and H410. Geochemical modelling has previously indicated that in IBA, the leaching of nickel is controlled by nickel hydroxide.

Therefore, nickel hydroxide is used as the ‘worst case’ compound for this assessment.

11.3.19 Phosphorus

Phosphorus was identified by the worst case assessment on the basis of phosphoric acid and white phosphorus. These two compounds can be specifically excluded as phosphoric acid cannot be present in IBA as the pH of IBA is too high (pH 11.2). White phosphorus is an explosive that would be broken down in the combustion process.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 77

Phosphorous pentasulphide has a harmonised classification for H302, H332 and H400. This compound does have a low melting and boiling point (514°C) and therefore, if present in the input feed should be lost to the gas phase and is unlikely to form as a reaction product. Therefore, it is unlikely to be present in IBA.

Based on the above justifications, phosphorous is discounted from the hazard property assessment.

11.3.20 Potassium

Potassium compounds listed in the CLP with the R50-53 risk phrase are all compounds with some other element responsible for toxicity, as potassium itself is relatively non-toxic. The compounds which carry hazard statement codes that contain potassium are potassium chromate, potassium dichromate, potassium nickel fluoride, nickel dipotassium bis(sulphite), zinc potassium chromate, potassium permanganate. Amongst these, the chromium compounds (all containing chromium hexavalent) and the two nickel compounds can be discounted from the assessment of HP14 due to the low concentration of chromium (VI), nickel in the IBA.

Potassium permanganate can be discounted as described in 11.3.17.

11.3.21 Sodium

Sodium is largely present in IBA due to glass and other mineral phases. However, sodium dichromate carries a harmonised classification with the hazard statement codes H372, H330, H350, H360, H340, H334, H400 and H410. Due to the anion being chromium (VI), the concentration of sodium dichromate will be assessed based on the chromium (VI) concentration in the IBA.

Therefore, sodium chromate is considered the ‘worst case’ compound in IBA.

11.3.22 Strontium

Strontium chromate has a harmonised classification for H302, H350, H400 and H410. As this is the anion is based on chromium (VI), the concentration of strontium chromate will be based on the chromium (VI) concentration.

Other than strontium chromate, strontium oxide has a non-harmonised classification with the hazard statement H413. The maximum concentration of strontium found in DWtE IBA was 346 mg/kg and therefore would not exceed the most stringent cut off limit for this compound 10,000 mg/kg.

Therefore, strontium oxide is discounted from the hazard assessment.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 78

11.3.23 Titanium

There are no harmonised classifications for titanium in the CLP regulations. However, it is known that titanium dioxide will be harmonised with the hazard statement H351 in 2020. Therefore, as a precautionary approach this has been used as the ‘worst case’ compound in this assessment. This hazard statement is associated with HP7 and has a concentration limit of 1%. Therefore, for DWtE IBA, the concentration of titanium dioxide will not breach the concentration limit.

Based on the above justification, titanium can be discounted from the hazard property assessment.

11.3.24 Zinc

Zinc hydroxide has the following hazard statement codes associated with it; H301, H312, H3114, H317, H330, H334, H340, H350, H372, H360FD, H400, H410. During the characterisation work undertaken in the previous section, the results show that 40% of the zinc concentration could be associated with zinc hydroxide.

Therefore, zinc hydroxide will be taken as the ‘worst case’ compound with 40% of the total zinc concentration being calculated as the hydroxide concentration.

Table 11.1 Overview of the ‘worst case’ compounds for each hazard property

Hazard property

Compound Hazard statement

code/class Generic cut off value

(mg/kg) Hazard threshold limit

(mg/kg)

HP5

Manganese dioxide H373 - 100,000

Nickel hydroxide H372 - 10,000

Beryllium compounds with the exception of aluminium beryllium silicates, and with those specified

elsewhere in Annex VI

H372 - 10,000

Antimony trioxide H373 - 100,000

Vanadium pentoxide H372 10,000

HP6

Chromium (VI) trioxide H301,H311,H330 1,000 5,000

Cobalt oxide H302 10,000 250,000

Copper hydroxide H330,H302 1,000 5,000

Barium carbonate H302 10,000 250,000


H302,H332 10,000 225,000

Manganese dioxide H302,H332 10,000 225,000

Nickel hydroxide H302,H332 10,000 225,000

Calcium arsenate H301,H331 1,000 35,000

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 79

Hazard property

Compound Hazard statement

code/class Generic cut off value

(mg/kg) Hazard threshold limit

(mg/kg)

Potassium permanganate H302 10,000 250,000

Vanadium pentoxide H302,H332 10,000 225,000

HP7

Antimony trioxide H351 - 10,000

Chromium compounds not otherwise stated in CLP Annex VI*

H350 - 1,000

Cobalt H350 - 1,000

Lead compounds not otherwise state in CLP Annex VI*

H351 - 10,000


PCDD/PCDF (Total ITEQ) - 1,000

Calcium arsenate H350 - 1,000

HP10

Cobalt oxide H360F - 3,000

Lead compounds not otherwise stated in CLP Annex VI

H360 - 3,000


Sodium chromate H360FD - 3,000

Potassium permanganate H361 - 30,000

HP11

Chromium compounds not otherwise stated in CLP Annex VI*

H340 - 1,000

Cobalt H341 - 10,000


HP13

Barium chromate H317,H334 - 100,000

Chromium (VI) trioxide H317,H334 - 100,000


HP14

Antimony trioxide H412 10,000 250,000

Barium polysulphide H400 1,000 250,000

Calcium chromate H400,H410 1,000 2,500

Chromium (VI) compounds and not otherwise stated in CLP Annex VI*

H400,H410 1,000 2,500

Cobalt oxide H400,H410 1,000 2,500

Copper hydroxide H400,H410 1,000 2,500


H400,H410 1,000 2,500

Nickel hydroxide H400,H410 1,000 2,500

Zinc oxide H400,H410 1,000 2,500

Vanadium pentoxide H411 10,000 250,000

Potassium permanganate H400,H410 1,000 2,500

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 80

12. Determining if waste is hazardous or non-hazardous

12.1 Step-wise assessment

A full assessment should be conducted using the EPA guidance method and template below. This method is broken down into the size sequential steps summarised below. All steps should be populated in full. Where a step does not apply this should be state along with the justification.

Company details and listing possible waste codes Step 1 Waste composition details

Step 2 Assign Hazard statement or Risk phrase; Identify Hazardous Property/Properties associated with the assigned hazard statements

Step 3 Does the waste display HP1–HP13 &/or HP15? Step 3.1 Assessment of Hazardous Properties with Concentration Limits Step 3.2 Assessment of Hazardous Properties without Concentration Limits

Step 4 Does the waste display HP14 Step 4.1 Assessment of Hazardous Property HP 14 with Concentration Limits

Step 4.2 Assessment of Hazardous Property HP 14 without Concentration Limits Step 5 Assessment of Persistent Organic Pollutants Step 6 List of Waste Entry

For in

spec

tion p

urpo

ses o

nly.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 81

12.2 Steps 1 & 2 Waste Composition Details & Assigning Hazard Statement or Risk Phrase

Substance mg/kg (w/w) % Test

method

Hazard statement code(s). Code(s)

supplemental hazard code(s)

HP14 hazard statement or risk phrases (if HP14

ecotoxic applies)

Flashpoint (°C) (HP3) assigning

codes

Source of data

Hazardous property

Barium polysulphide 318 0.032 1 H315, H319, H335 & H400 or R50 n/a CLP HP14 Barium carbonate 373 0.037 1 H302 n/a CLP HP6

Calcium chromate 0.24 0.00002 1 H302, H350, H317/H334 H400, H410 or R50-53 n/a CLP HP7, HP13, HP14

Cobalt oxide 50.1 0.005 1 H302, H317, H302 H400, H410 or R50-53 n/a CLP HP6, HP14

Chromium trioxide 0.16 0.00002 1

H271, H301, H311, H314, H317, H330, H340, H350, H372,

H317/H334

H400, H410 or R50-53 n/a CLP HP11, HP13

Copper hydroxide 454 0.045 3 H302, H318, H331 H330, H400, H410 or R50-53 n/a CLP HP6, HP14

Iron arsenate 20.2 0.002 1 H301, H331, H350, H317/H334 H400 & H410 or R50-53 n/a CLP HP13

Lead compounds 702 0.070 1 H373, H302, H332, H351, H360, H400, H410 or R50-53 n/a CLP HP5, HP6, HP7,

HP10, HP14

Nickel hydroxide 145 0.015 1 H302, H332, H373, H360Df H400, H410 or R50-53 n/a CLP

HP6, HP7, HP10, HP11,

HP14

Manganese dioxide 1138 0.114 1

H302, H315, H317, H332, H334, H341,

H372, H350i, H360D, H302, H332, H350

H400, H410 n/a CLP HP5, HP6

Sodium chromate <0.16 <0.00002 1 H302, H332 H373, n/a CLP HP10

Zinc hydroxide 863 0.0083 3

H301, H312, H314, H317, H330, H334, H340, H350, H372, H360FD H360FD

H400, H410 or R50-53 n/a CLP HP14

Notes: analytical methods are presented in Table A.1 of classification report: 1 aqua regia digest + ICP-MS/ICP-OES; 2 – hot water extraction + discrete colorimetric analysis; 3 - aqua regia digest + ICP-MS and advanced leaching tests with wet magnetic separation and thermodynamic modelling to speciate copper and zinc (Appendix D) Source of all HSCs is CLP inventory Where compound has multiple HSCs across several hazardous properties, it has only been assessed under the hazardous property presented in the final column.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 82

12.3 Step 3.1 Assessment of Hazardous Properties with Concentration Limits

Note: Hazardous properties without concentration limits (HP1, 2, 3, 9, 12, 15) are required to be addressed in Step 3.2

Hazardous property

Hazard class and category code(s)

Hazard statement

code(s)/supplemental hazard

code(s)

Cut off value (% w/w)

Concentration limits

(%w/w)

Sum of the concentration of all substances above the cut-off value

(%w/w)

Maximum individual substance

concentration above the cut-off

value (%w/w)

Greater or equal to the concentration limits

(yes/no)

HP4 Irritant – Skin

and eye damage

Skin corr.1A H314 1 ≥ 1 < 5 In vitro irritancy testing by OECD TG 439

shows sample to be non-irritant

no Eye dam. 1 H318 1 ≥ 10 no Skin irrit. 2 Eye irrit. 2

H315 H319 1 ≥ 20 no

HP 5 Specific target

organ toxicity (STOT)

/ spiration toxicity

STOT SE 1 STOT RE 1

H370 H372 N/A ≥ 1 0 no

STOT SE 2 STOT RE 2

H371 H373 N/A ≥ 10 0 no

STOT SE 3 H335 N/A ≥ 20 0 no

Asp. Tox. H304 N/A ≥ 10

If yes = hazardous only where the overall

kinetic viscosity (at 40oC) does not

exceed 20.5 mm2/s

For in

spec

tion p

urpo

ses o

nly.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 83

Hazardous property


Hazard statement code(s)/

supplemental hazard code(s)

Cut off value (%w/w)

Concentration limits (%w/w)

Sum of the concentrations of all

substances above the cut off value

(%w/w)


concentration above the cut off-value

(%w/w)


(yes/no)

HP6 Acute toxicity

Acute Tox.1 (oral) H300 0.1 ≥ 0.1 0 no Acute Tox.2 (oral) H300 0.1 ≥ 0.25 0 no Acute Tox.3 (oral) H301 0.1 ≥ 5 0 no Acute Tox.4 (oral) H302 1 ≥ 25 0 no

Acute Tox. (dermal)1 H310 0.1 ≥ 0.25 0 no

Acute Tox. (dermal)2 H310 0.1 ≥ 2.5 0 no

Acute Tox. (dermal)3 H311 0.1 ≥ 15 0 no

Acute Tox. (dermal)4 H312 1 ≥ 55 0 no

Acute Tox. (Inhal.) 1 H330 0.1 ≥ 0.1 0 no



Acute Tox. (Inhal.) 4 H332 1 ≥ 22.5 0 no

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 84

Hazardous property


Hazard statement code(s)/supplemental

hazard code(s) Cut off value

(%w/w) Concentration limits (% w/w)

Sum of the concentrations of

all substances above the cut-off

value (%w/w)


concentration above the cut off

value (% w/w)


(yes/no)

HP 7 Carcinogenic

Carc. 1A Carc. 1 B H350 N/A ≥ 0.1 0 no

Carc.2 H351 N/A ≥ 1.0 0 no

HP8 Corrosive Skin Corr. 1A, 1B or

1C H314 1 ≥ 5

In vitro testing by OECD TG 439

shows sample is non-irritant therefore also non-corrosive

no

HP10 Toxic for

reproduction

Repr. 1A Repr. 1B H360 N/A ≥ 0.3 0 no

Repr. 2 H361 N/A ≥ 3 0 no

HP 11 Mutagenic

Muta.1A Muta. 1B H340 N/A ≥ 0.1 0 no

Muta. 2 H341 N/A ≥ 1.0 0 no HP13

Sensitising H317 H334 N/A ≥ 10 0 no

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 85

12.4 Step 3.2 Assessment of Hazardous Properties without Concentration Limits

Note: Hazardous properties with concentration limits (HP4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13) are required to be addressed in Step 3.1

Hazardous property


Hazard statement code(s)/ supplemental

hazard code(s) Concentration limits

(%w/w) Property test result If present and no property testing =

hazardous

HP 1 Explosive

Unst. Expl H200 0

Compounds bearing these HSCs would not persist at >850oC and therefore will

not be present in incinerator bottom ash

no Expl. 1.1 H201 0 no Expl. 1.2 H202 0 no Expl. 1.3 H203 0 no Expl. 1.4 H204 0 no

Self–react. A H240

0 no Org. perox. A* 0 no Self–react. B

H241 0 no

Org. perox. A* 0 no

HP2 Oxidising

Ox. Gas 1 H270 0 no Ox. Liq. 1

H271 0 no

Ox. Sol. 1 0 no Òx. Liq. 2, Ox. Liq. 3

H272 0 no

Òx. Sol. 2, Ox. Sol. 3

0 no

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 86

Hazardous property

Hazard Class and Category

Code(s)

Hazard Statement Code(s)/

Supplemental Hazard Code(s)

Concentration (% w/w) Property test result

If present and no property testing =

hazardous

HP3 Flammable

Flam. Gas 1 H220 0

Compounds bearing these HSCs would not persist at >850oC and therefore will not be

present in incinerator bottom ash

no Flam. Gas 2 H221 0 no

Aerosol 1 H222 0 no Aerosol 2 H223 0 no

Flam. Liq. 1 H224 0 no Flam. Liq. 2 H225 0 no Flam. Liq. 3 H226 0 no

Flam. Sol. 1 / Flam. Sol. 2 H228 0 no

Self–React. CD/ Self-React. EF/

Org. Perox. CD/ Org. Perox. EF

H242 0 no

Pyr. Liq. 1 / Pyr. Sol. 1 H250 0 no

Self-heat. 1 H251 0 no Self-heat.2 H252 0 no

Water-react. 1 H260 0 no

Water-react. 2 Water-react. 3

H261 1 l/kg/hr gas evolution

(See Appendix C2.3 HP3 in Classification Report)

<0.017 l/kg/hr gas evolution no

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 87

Hazardous property

Hazard Class and Category

Code(s)

Hazard Statement Code(s)/

Supplemental Hazard Code(s)

Concentration (% w/w) Property test result

If present and no property testing =

hazardous

HP9 Infectious

Infectious material would not persist at >850oC and therefore will not be present in incinerator bottom ash.

HP 12 Release of acute

toxic gas

EUH029 EUH031 EUH032

0

No toxic gases are released from incinerator bottom ash in contact with

water or air

no

HP14 Ecotoxic

Agreement on HP 14 is ongoing by the European Commission. Once a decision is made, HP14 will be updated to reflect it. The Environmental Protection Agency will accept assessments completed in accordance with Step 4.

HP15 Waste capable of

exhibiting a hazardous property

listed above not directly displayed by the original waste

H205

0

The properties of concern under HP15 relate to the

risk of explosion.

Compounds bearing these HSCs would not persist at >850oC and therefore will

not be present in incinerator bottom

no

EUH001

EUH019

EUH044

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 88

12.5 Step 4.1 Assessment of Hazardous Property HP14 with Concentration Limits

Risk phrase Concentration limit (%w/w) Result (%) Greater or equal to the

concentration limit (yes/no)

R59 0.1

0 Relevant compounds

(dangerous for the ozone layer) would not persist at >850oC. Not

present in IBA.

no

12.6 Step 4.2 Assessment of Hazardous Property HP14 without Concentration Limits

Sum of the concentrations of all substances above the cut-off value

Risk Phrase Cut-Off Value

(% w/w)

Sum of the concentrations of all substances above the cut-off value

(% w/w) R50 0.1 0 R52 1 0 R53 1 0

R50-53 0.1

IBA1: 2349 mg kg-1 IBA2: 1156 mg kg-1 IBA3: 1058 mg kg-1

IBA4: 0 mg kg-1 R51-53 0.1 0 R52-53 1 0

For in

spec

tion p

urpo

ses o

nly.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 89

12.7 Step 4.2 Assessment of Hazardous Property HP14 without concentration Limits

Formula* Concentration limits (%)

Result (%)

Greater or equal to the concentration limits (yes/no)

�

(𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃50 − 53

0.25+

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃51− 532.5+

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃52 − 5325 )

≥1 0 no

� (𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃50 +𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃50 − 53)

≥25 0 no

�(𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃52) ≥25 0 no

�

(𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃53 +

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃50− 53+

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃51− 53+

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃52− 53)

≥25 0 no

* PRx = total concentration in percent (%) of the substance(s)

∑ = sum of brackets

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 90

12.8 Step 5 Assessment of Persistent Organic Pollutants

Note: Wastes containing other POPs (for example endosulfan, hexachlorobutadiene, polychlorinated naphthalenes, SCCPs, PFOS, the POP-BDEs and HBCD) shall be assessed for hazardous properties in accordance with the procedures described in Step 3

NOTE: With the exception of dioxins and furans (PCDD/DFs) which have potential for de novo synthesis, organic compounds will be destroyed by the incineration process. Therefore the only POPs normally considered to be of relevance to IBA are PCDD/DFs and PCBs, which are environmental permit compliance parameters.

These key parameters are reported below and shown to be several orders of magnitude below the limits.

Information held by WRc on extended POPs in other IBA samples shows that parameters are <2 mg kg-1 against a concentration limit for each determinand of 50 mg kg-1. DWtE has also previously commissioned testing on 7 DWtE IBA samples, which confirm that all parameters were below the detection limit of 10 mg kg-1, well below the limit of 50 mg kg-1.

Concentration limit

Results and units

Greater or equal to the concentration limits (yes/no)

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p- dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) 15 μg/kg 0.0016 no

DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)ethane) 50 mg/kg 0.000008 no

Chlordane 50 mg/kg Hexachlorocyclohexanes, including lindane 50 mg/kg

Dieldrin 50 mg/kg Endrin 50 mg/kg Heptachlor 50 mg/kg Hexachlorobenzene 50 mg/kg Chlordecone 50 mg/kg Aldrin 50 mg/kg Pentachlorobenzene 50 mg/kg Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 50 mg/kg Mirex 50 mg/kg Toxaphene 50 mg/kg Hexabromobiphenyl 50 mg/kg

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 91

12.9 Step 6 List of Waste Entry

LoW entry Hazardous

(Y/N) Description

19 01 12 N Bottom ash and slag other than those mentioned in 19 01 11

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 92

13. Conclusions

13.1 Sample characterisation

Eight samples of IBA from DWtE facility underwent a thorough characterisation to determine an accurate waste classification in line with EPA guidance.

The material characterisation involved bulk chemical and mineralogical characteristics to be determined using ICP-MS following hot acid digestion, XRF and XRD techniques.

The bulk characteristics of the material demonstrate the similarity between the DWtE IBA and UK produced IBA using WRC’s in-house dataset of over 3,000 samples.

Additional testing was undertaken for POP analysis and to determine the leaching characteristics of the material. These techniques also provided confidence of the similarity between DWtE IBA and the UK IBA.

13.2 Advanced characterisation

Advanced leaching tests and wet magnetic separation techniques were used to further characterise the copper and zinc speciation in the IBA to enable a more accurate assessment of HP14 – ecotoxicity. These tests showed that only a fraction of the total copper and zinc concentrations could be associated with ecotoxic compounds. The copper fraction which could be associated with ecotoxic compounds (taken as worst case copper hydroxide) was 15% whilst the zinc fraction which could reasonably be associated with zinc hydroxide was 20%. These results are in-line with UK based IBA ‘refinement factors’ which had been developed based on geochemical modelling and advanced leaching tests. This evidence also demonstrates the similarities between the DWtE IBA and the wider UK IBA.

13.3 Comparison with SGS data and statistical analysis

A comparison was made between the WRc data and the SGS data. The SGS data contains spikes of copper, zinc and other key metals which are extraordinarily high and are not typical of IBA. WRc and SGS analysed the same samples and similar spikes were observed with the SGS data. Therefore, the cause of the spikes may be due to insufficient metal removal from the IBA by SGS prior to testing and/or the results being based on only one data point (replicate) rather than 11 replicates used for the WRc analysis.

The database of eight samples which were analysed by WRc was bolstered by randomly sampling WRc’s in-house dataset to increase the dataset to 100. Due to the similarities between the DWtE ash and the WRc database this was deemed an appropriate method to demonstrate the likelihood of obtaining an IBA sample with elevated levels of key metals. The analysis showed that only 1% and 2% of the copper and zinc data respectively would exceed

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14



© WRc 2019 93

the cut-off value of 1,000 mg/kg for HP14 assessment. Therefore, this produced high confidence that the eight samples are sufficient to fully characterise the DWtE IBA.

13.4 Waste classification

A waste classification performed on the IBA using the characterisation data produced by WRc. Worst case compounds were assigned to individual elements and when relevant taken forward for assessment against the relevant hazard property threshold limits.

The hazard assessment concluded that the DWtE IBA is non-hazardous and should be given the LoW code of 19 01 12.

THIS ASSESSMENT IS CORRECT AS OF NOVEMBER 2019

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14

Appendix A Sampling plan and record

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:14

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:15

1

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:15

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:15

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

Appendix B XRD and XRF results

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

INORGANIC ANALYSIS REPORT

W4712 -DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218Report of Tests on:Your Reference: W4712 -DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218Lucideon Reference: (19279)-2737

18-Jan-2019Date Reported:14-Jan-2019Date Logged:

FAO: Mr. Fabio Dalmonte

PO00601409Order Number: 17-Jan-2019 18-Jan-2019toDate(s) of Test(s):

0013

WRc plcFrankland RoadBlagroveSwindonSN5 8YF

Methods C201 based on BSEN ISO 12677:2011 XRF Analysis

Result(s) Units W4712 -DUB-IBA4-ANN-0412181 SaSample Basis Dried 110 deg C2 Sil Silicon Dioxide S iO 2 % 39.533 TitaTitanium Dioxide T iO 2 % 1.104 AluAluminium Oxide A l2 O 3 % 7.785 Iro Iron (lll) Oxide Fe2O3 % 8.856 CaCalcium Oxide CaO % 23.307 MaMagnesium Oxide MgO % 2.278 PoPotassium Oxide K 2 O % 0.779 SoSodium Oxide Na2O % 4.300 PhPhosphorus Pentoxide P2O 5 % 1.331 ChChromium (lll) Oxide C r 2 O 3 % 0.072 MaManganese (ll,lll) Oxide Mn3O4 % 0.143 Zir Zirconium Oxide ZrO 2 % 0.034 HaHafnium (lV) Oxide H fO 2 % <0.015 LeaLead Oxide PbO % 0.096 ZinZinc Oxide ZnO % 0.307 BaBarium Oxide BaO % 0.168 StrStrontium (ll) Oxide SrO % 0.069 TinTin (lV) Oxide SnO2 % 0.040 CoCopper Oxide C u O % 0.287 LosLoss on Ignition % 6.708 LosLoss on Ignition Temperature °C 10259 TotTotal % 97.100 SuSulphur Trioxide SO 3 % 2.739 UKUKAS Accredited Yes

The sulphur trioxide may not be a total sulphur figure but is the sulphur remaining after LOI and fusion. Results are quoted to 2decimal places but are accurate to 3 significant figures or the number of figures given, whichever is the lesser.

Opinions and interpretations expressed herein are outside the scope of UKAS Accreditation.

End of Test Report

4

Page 1 of 1This report is issued in accordance with the Conditions of Business of Lucideon Limited and relates only to the sample(s) tested.No responsibility is taken for the accuracy of the sampling unless this is done under our own supervision. This report shall not bereproduced in part without the written approval of Lucideon Limited, nor used in any way as to lead to misrepresentation of the results or their implications.

Lucideon is the trading name of Lucideon Limited. Registered in England No. 1960455.

Mr Josh RushtonManager

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16


W4711 - DUB-IBA3-HAZ-031218Report of Tests on:Your Reference: W4711 - DUB-IBA3-HAZ-031218Lucideon Reference: (19279)-2738




0013



Result(s) Units W4711 - DUB-IBA3-HAZ-0312181 SaSample Basis Dried 110 deg C2 Sil Silicon Dioxide S iO 2 % 43.013 TitaTitanium Dioxide T iO 2 % 1.044 AluAluminium Oxide A l2 O 3 % 7.825 Iro Iron (lll) Oxide Fe2O3 % 8.046 CaCalcium Oxide CaO % 22.707 MaMagnesium Oxide MgO % 2.348 PoPotassium Oxide K 2 O % 0.829 SoSodium Oxide Na2O % 4.550 PhPhosphorus Pentoxide P2O 5 % 1.251 ChChromium (lll) Oxide C r 2 O 3 % 0.062 MaManganese (ll,lll) Oxide Mn3O4 % 0.153 Zir Zirconium Oxide ZrO 2 % 0.044 HaHafnium (lV) Oxide H fO 2 % 0.015 LeaLead Oxide PbO % 0.106 ZinZinc Oxide ZnO % 0.357 BaBarium Oxide BaO % 0.178 StrStrontium (ll) Oxide SrO % 0.069 TinTin (lV) Oxide SnO2 % 0.040 CoCopper Oxide C u O % 0.317 LosLoss on Ignition % 5.098 LosLoss on Ignition Temperature °C 10259 TotTotal % 97.950 SuSulphur Trioxide SO 3 % 2.269 UKUKAS Accredited Yes



End of Test Report

4




For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16






0013



Result(s) Units W4710 - DUB-IBA2-HAZ-2911181 SaSample Basis Dried 110 deg C2 Sil Silicon Dioxide S iO 2 % 39.183 TitaTitanium Dioxide T iO 2 % 1.174 AluAluminium Oxide A l2 O 3 % 8.285 Iro Iron (lll) Oxide Fe2O3 % 9.146 CaCalcium Oxide CaO % 22.687 MaMagnesium Oxide MgO % 2.238 PoPotassium Oxide K 2 O % 0.769 SoSodium Oxide Na2O % 4.380 PhPhosphorus Pentoxide P2O 5 % 1.351 ChChromium (lll) Oxide C r 2 O 3 % 0.072 MaManganese (ll,lll) Oxide Mn3O4 % 0.153 Zir Zirconium Oxide ZrO 2 % 0.044 HaHafnium (lV) Oxide H fO 2 % 0.015 LeaLead Oxide PbO % 0.126 ZinZinc Oxide ZnO % 0.407 BaBarium Oxide BaO % 0.168 StrStrontium (ll) Oxide SrO % 0.069 TinTin (lV) Oxide SnO2 % 0.040 CoCopper Oxide C u O % 0.307 LosLoss on Ignition % 7.058 LosLoss on Ignition Temperature °C 10259 TotTotal % 97.570 SuSulphur Trioxide SO 3 % 2.659 UKUKAS Accredited Yes



End of Test Report

4




For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16






0013



Result(s) Units W4709 - DUB-IBA1-HAZ-0711181 SaSample Basis Dried 110 deg C2 Sil Silicon Dioxide S iO 2 % 38.463 TitaTitanium Dioxide T iO 2 % 1.254 AluAluminium Oxide A l2 O 3 % 8.395 Iro Iron (lll) Oxide Fe2O3 % 9.176 CaCalcium Oxide CaO % 23.127 MaMagnesium Oxide MgO % 2.168 PoPotassium Oxide K 2 O % 0.689 SoSodium Oxide Na2O % 4.000 PhPhosphorus Pentoxide P2O 5 % 1.261 ChChromium (lll) Oxide C r 2 O 3 % 0.072 MaManganese (ll,lll) Oxide Mn3O4 % 0.193 Zir Zirconium Oxide ZrO 2 % 0.034 HaHafnium (lV) Oxide H fO 2 % <0.015 LeaLead Oxide PbO % 0.116 ZinZinc Oxide ZnO % 0.367 BaBarium Oxide BaO % 0.168 StrStrontium (ll) Oxide SrO % 0.079 TinTin (lV) Oxide SnO2 % 0.030 CoCopper Oxide C u O % 0.237 LosLoss on Ignition % 8.118 LosLoss on Ignition Temperature °C 10259 TotTotal % 97.850 SuSulphur Trioxide SO 3 % 2.269 UKUKAS Accredited Yes



End of Test Report

4




For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS REPORT

Client: WRc plcFrankland RoadBlagroveSwindonSN5 8YF

Date of Tests: 17-Jan-2019 29-Jan-2019to

0013

Test Method:

Description: Examination by X-Ray Diffraction

Methods M7, M9 and M30

Lucideon Reference: (19279)-2737

Mr. Fabio DalmonteFor the Attention of:

Date Logged: 14-Jan-2019

Report Date: 31-Jan-2019

PO00601409Purchase Order No.:

Lucideon UKWork Location:

Please find attached the results for the sample(s) recently submitted for analysis.Please find attached the results for the sample(s) recently submitted for analysis.


3

Page 1 of 3

This report is issued in accordance with the Conditions of Business of Lucideon Limited and relates only to the sample(s) tested.No responsibility is taken for the accuracy of the sampling unless this is done under our own supervision. This report shall not bereproduced in part without the written approval of Lucideon Limited, nor used in any way as to lead to misrepresentation of the results or their implications.


Dr Giles BlundredScientist

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

Lucideon Reference: (19279)-2737 Customer Reference: W4712-DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218 Description: W4712-DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218

Page 2 of 3

QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATION BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION

An ash sample was submitted for Quantitative Phase Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction. The sample was quantified in accordance with UKAS accredited in-house methods M7, M9 and M30. Data was collected for a period of 5 times the length of a normal scan.

Your Reference W4712-DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218

Quartz (SiO2) 8.1 wt% Anhydrite (CaSO4) 2.8 wt% Calcite (CaCO3) 4.8 wt% C3S (Ca3SiO5) 0.6 wt% C2S (Ca2SiO4) 3.7 wt%

Bredigite (Ca2-xMgxSiO4) 0.4 wt% C3A (Ca3Al2O6) Not detected

Perovskite (CaTiO3) 1.8 wt% Gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) 5.7 wt% Wollastonite (CaSiO3) 1.4 wt%

Clino-pyroxene ((Ca,Mg,Fe)2SI2O6) 0.5 wt% Apatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH,F)2) 1.6 wt%

Haematite (Fe2O3) 0.1 wt% Ferrite Spinel (MFe2O4) 1.5 wt% Portlandite (Ca(OH)2) 2.9 wt%

Halite (NaCl) 0.8 wt% Periclase (MgO) 0.3 wt%

Cristobalite (SiO2) 0.6 wt% Ettringite (Ca6Al2(OH)12(SO4)3.26H2O) 1.0 wt%

Hydrocalumite (Ca2Al(OH)7.3H2O) 0.9 wt% Alkali Feldspar ((Na,K)AlSi3O8) 0.6 wt%

Rutile (TiO2) 0.5 wt% Amorphous 59.3 wt%

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

Lucideon Reference: (19279)-2737 Customer Reference: W4712-DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218 Description: W4712-DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218

Page 3 of 3

XRD Trace of Lucideon Sample Reference (19279)-2737, W4712-DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218

END OF TEST REPORT

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16




0013

Test Method:











3

Page 1 of 3




For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

Lucideon Reference: (19279)-2738 Customer Reference: W4711-DUB-IBA3-HAZ-031218 Description: W4711-DUB-IBA3-HAZ-031218

Page 2 of 3



Your Reference W4711-DUB-IBA3-HAZ-031218


Bredigite (Ca2-xMgxSiO4) 0.7 wt% C3A (Ca3Al2O6) 0.2 wt%





Cristobalite (SiO2) 0.5 wt% Ettringite (Ca6Al2(OH)12(SO4)3.26H2O) Not detected



For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16


Page 3 of 3

XRD Trace of Lucideon Sample Reference (19279)-2738, W4711-DUB-IBA3-HAZ-031218

END OF TEST REPORT

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16




0013

Test Method:











3

Page 1 of 3




For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16


Page 2 of 3













For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16


Page 3 of 3


END OF TEST REPORT

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16




0013

Test Method:











3

Page 1 of 3




For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16


Page 2 of 3













For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16


Page 3 of 3


END OF TEST REPORT

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

Appendix C Total composition data

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

MARCHWOOD SCIENTIFIC SERVICES

371 Millbrook Road West

Southampton

Hampshire

SO15 0HW

Tel: 02380-786979

Water Research Centre Ltd

Frankland Road Certificate No. 18/12393

Blagrove Date received 20/12/2018

Swindon Ref. WRC/18/12393

Wiltshire PO No. 16877-3

SN5 8YF Date of Analysis 14/01/2019

Determinand Units

MSS No. -

Customer Sample Ref. -

BTEX mg/Kg

PCB Congener 28 mg/Kg







PCB Total mg/Kg

Determinand Units

EPHs mg/Kg

Aromatic C10-C12 mg/Kg





Aliphatic C10-C12 mg/Kg




Total EPHs mg/Kg

Determinand Units

PAHs

Naphthalene μg/Kg

Acenaphthylene μg/Kg

Acenaphthene μg/Kg

Fluorene μg/Kg

Phenanthrene μg/Kg

Anthracene μg/Kg

Fluoranthene μg/Kg

Pyrene μg/Kg

Benz(a)anthracene μg/Kg

Chrysene μg/Kg

Benzo(b)fluoranthene μg/Kg

Benzo(k)fluoranthene μg/Kg

Benzo(a)pyrene μg/Kg

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene μg/Kg

Benzo(g,h,I )perylene μg/Kg

Indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene μg/Kg

Coronene μg/Kg

Total PAHs μg/Kg

Reported by: J Fursman

Position: Company Director

For/on behalf of Marchwood Scientific Services Ltd

21

<1

<1

1.2

<1

<1

<1

2.1

14

3.3

TEST REPORT

Analysis of IBA Sample Ref. W4712 DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218 for Range of Determinands

Results

Please find below the tabulated results for the latest sample received for analysis.

Results

18-12393

17

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

W4712 DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218

Results

4500

505

173

301

143

230

575

188

171

149

222

86

138

155

292

516

120

8464

Marchwood Scientific Services

Registered in England No. 03604766

Registered Office: 371 Millbrook Road West, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 0HW. Page 1 of 1

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

of 2

ANALYTICAL REPORT

Report NumberDate ReceivedDate ReportedProjectReferenceOrder Number

43108-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4709PO00601530

M424 PAUL EADESWRc plcFRANKLAND ROADBLAGROVESWINDONWILTS SN5 8YF

Laboratory Reference ENV 49575

Sample Reference W4709

Determinand Lab SOP Unit IBA

Copper 1 mg/kg300 2477Zinc 1 mg/kg300 2422Copper 2 mg/kg300 2482Copper 3 mg/kg300 2484Copper 4 mg/kg300 2615Copper 5 mg/kg300 2985Copper 6 mg/kg300 2618Copper 7 mg/kg300 2694Copper 8 mg/kg300 2350Copper 9 mg/kg300 2540Copper 10 mg/kg300 2444Copper 11 mg/kg300 2625Zinc 2 mg/kg300 2400Zinc 3 mg/kg300 2476Zinc 4 mg/kg300 2418Zinc 5 mg/kg300 2383Zinc 6 mg/kg300 2417Zinc 7 mg/kg300 2606Zinc 8 mg/kg300 2483Zinc 9 mg/kg300 2381Zinc 10 mg/kg300 2338Zinc 11 mg/kg300 2683

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

of 2

ANALYTICAL NOTES


43108-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4709PO00601530


Method ReferenceFor Lab SOP

Soil Condition

for AnalysisDescription

JAS - 300 Air-dried Elemental determination using ICP-OES on an aqua regia digest.Definitions: As-received Coarsely sieved to 5mm

Air-dried Dried overnight at < 30 C and ground to 2mm / 0.5mmNotesAnalysis Notes The sample submitted was of adequate size to complete all analysis requested.

The results as reported relate only to the item(s) submitted for testing.The results are presented on an as-received basis.Samples were received prepared by the customer (dried and ground)

Sample Storage A portion of the sample will be stored for 3 weeks from the reported date.Accreditation Tests marked * are outside the laboratory’s scope of UKAS accreditation

Tests marked # have been subcontracted (* not UKAS accredited). Details of methodology are available on request.This laboratory is accredited in accordance with the recognised International Standard ISO/IEC 17025. This accreditation demonstrates technical competence for a defined scopeand the operation of a laboratory quality management system (refer joint ISO-ILAC-IAF communique dated April 2017).This communique can be viewed at http://ilac.org/?ddownload=120917

Document Control This test report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of the laboratory.We cannot offer interpretation or opinions for results.

Reported by K. HermanowskaEnvironmental Team LeaderNatural Resource Management, a trading division of Cawood Scientific Ltd.Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6NSTel: 01344 886338Fax: 01344 890972email: [email protected]

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

of 2

ANALYTICAL REPORT


43109-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4710PO00601530






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

of 2

ANALYTICAL NOTES


43109-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4710PO00601530



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

of 2

ANALYTICAL REPORT


43110-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4711PO00601530






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

of 2

ANALYTICAL NOTES


43110-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4711PO00601530



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

of 2

ANALYTICAL REPORT


43111-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4712PO00601530






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

of 2

ANALYTICAL NOTES


43111-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4712PO00601530



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

Name of Client : Water Research Centre Limited, Test Certificate No: 18012392Address : Frankland Road, Blagrove, Swindon, SN5 8YF

0

Job Reference: 0 Date of Receipt : 20/12/19Sample Identifier : W4712 DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218 Date of Analysis : 06/01/19

Sample No: 18012392 Date of Report : 11/01/19Order No: 16877-3

Sample Type: AshSample Condition : conforming

Instrument : Micromass Ultima NT Test Method : 2002GC Column : DB5 Blank : 20119

Calibration File : 50119 Sample size: 1

Congener Conc DL Rec % Congener Conc DL Rec %

2378-TCDF * 0.796 80 2378-TCDD * 0.239 100 3 312378-PCDF 0.947 0.579 85 12378-PCDD * 0.390 88 3 323478-PCDF 1.24 0.529 89 123478-HxCDD * 0.501 90 3 3

123478-HxCDF 0.978 0.356 91 123678-HxCDD * 0.552 86 3 3123678-HxCDF 1.01 0.374 87 123789-HxCDD * 0.621 3 3234678-HxCDF 2.44 0.398 85 1234678-HpCDD 4.55 0.656 83 3 3123789-HxCDF 0.652 0.566 90 OCDD 13.6 1.483 76 3 3

1234678-HpCDF 9.11 0.294 82 3 31234789-HpCDF 1.17 0.563 78 3 3

OCDF 8.89 1.105 3 33 3

Total 2,3,7,8-Furans 26.4 Total 2,3,7,8-Dioxins 18.1 3 33 33 3

TEQ1 TEQ2 TEQ1 TEQ2 3 3TEQ (Nato) 2.03 1.35 TEQ (WHO)- Mammals 1.94 1.06 3 3

TEQ (WHO)- Fish 2.22 1.28 3 3TEQ (WHO)- Birds 3.47 1.95 3 3

3 33 3

* Isomer Not detected TEQ1 Concentration of Non Detected 3TEQ Toxic Equivalent Value Congeners at Detection LimitTEF Toxic Equivalent Factor TEQ2 Concentration of Non Detected

Conc Concentration Congeners at ZeroDL Detection Value

REC Recovery1668

Reported by : K Pettit Signature :Position : Technical Manager

UKAS accredited testing laboratory No. 1668

ANALYSIS OF PCDDs and PCDFs

Page 1 of 1

expressed as ng /kg

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

Name of Client : Water Research Centre Limited, Test Certificate No: 18012392Address : Frankland Road, Blagrove, Swindon, SN5 8YF

0

Job Reference: 0 Date of Receipt : 20/12/19Sample Identifier : W4712 DUB-IBA4-ANN-041218 Date of Analysis : 06/01/19

Sample No: 18012392 Date of Report : 11/01/19Order No: 16877-3

Sample Type: Ash 3Sample Condition : conforming 3 3

Instrument : Micromass Ultima NT Test Method : 2002 3 3GC Column : DB5 Blank : 20119 3 3

Calibration File : 20119 Sample size: 1 3 33 33 33 3

Congener Conc DL Rec % 3 33 3

PCB-81 0.615 0.1194 91 3 3PCB-77 2.35 0.1294 97 3 3

PCB-123 * 0.1327 118 3 3PCB-118 1.98 0.1292 107 3 3PCB-114 0.238 0.1203 122 3 3PCB-105 1.25 0.1254 114 3 3PCB-126 1.09 0.1593 95 3 3PCB-167 0.266 0.2348 114 3 3PCB-156 0.525 0.2591 104 3 3PCB-157 0.413 0.2496 105 3PCB-169 0.535 0.1590 82PCB-189 0.395 0.2022 89

TEQ1 TEQ2

0.126 0.1260.00606 0.00606

0.289 0.289

* Isomer Not detected TEQ1 Concentration of Non Detected TEQ Toxic Equivalent Value Congeners at Detection LimitTEF Toxic Equivalent Factor TEQ2 Concentration of Non Detected

Conc Concentration Congeners at ZeroDL Detection Value

REC Recovery1668

Reported by : K Pettit Signature :Position : Technical Manager

ANALYSIS OF PCBs

expressed as ng /kg

UKAS accredited testing laboratory No. 1668

TEQ (WHO)- MammalsTEQ (WHO)- Fish

TEQ (WHO)- Birds

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

Analysed by NRM Laboratories, a trading division of Cawood Scientific Ltd., at NRM, Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6NS

Tel +44 (0) 1344 886338 Fax + 44 (0) 1344 890972 E-Mail [email protected] Web www.nrm.uk.com Registered in England No. 05655711. Registered office: Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6NS

Page 1 of 2

Report NumberDate ReceivedDate ReportedProjectSample ReferenceOrder NumberSample Number

PAUL EADES (M424)WRc plcFRANKLAND ROADBLAGROVESWINDONWILTS SN5 8YF

3818621/12/201808/01/2019DUB IBA1 HAZ 071118W470901004 0049021

Copper (U) Nickel (U) Lead (U) Zinc (U)

Lab SOP 300 300 300 300

Units mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg

1 2636 109.8 1484 2108

2 2464 106.4 1528 2082

3 2540 104.4 1541 2114

4 2476 91.0 1477 2126

5 2482 110.3 1488 2413

6 2361 98.0 1414 2169

7 2299 117.3 1541 2054

8 2201 109.7 1513 2044

9 2658 91.5 1432 2261

10 2169 109.6 1493 2093

11 2872 110.2 1488 2092

pH [1:10] Aluminium Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Calcium

Lab SOP 559 300 379 379 300 379 300 300 300

Units mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg

1 12.63 30353 56.8 8.6 349.0 <1 152.1 11.0 134147

2 12.63 31175 54.9 8.4 342.6 <1 156.1 9.5 134910

3 12.62 29648 55.0 8.3 323.8 <1 157.4 8.9 133996

Chromium Cobalt Iron Lithium Magnesium Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Phosphorus

Lab SOP 300 300 300 379 300 300 379 379 300


1 108.0 40.4 58715 20.4 9417 892.2 <0.5 11.1 5081

2 120.9 29.0 59125 20.4 9496 895.2 <0.5 11.3 5164

3 112.0 33.2 59378 20.6 9330 892.7 <0.5 12.4 5159

Potassium Selenium Silver Sodium Strontium Thallium Tin Titanium Vanadium

Lab SOP 300 379 300 379 300 379 379 379 300


1 3453 <0.5 3.7 12832 362.9 0.1 191.5 2191 76.6

2 3457 <0.5 3.2 12823 363.8 0.1 126.7 2205 76.6

3 3416 <0.5 7.1 12666 363.7 0.1 112.5 2209 77.9

Alkali Reserve Cr (VI)

Lab SOP 493 #

Units gNaOH/100g mg/kg

1 1.27 <0.1

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:16

Analysis Notes Samples were received and analysed as prepared by the customer (dried and finely ground) Results are presented on an as-received basis. Results as reported relate only to the item(s) submitted for testing. Lab SOP Method Description

300 Elemental determination by ICP-OES on an aqua regia digest [JAS-510]

373 Determination of total carbon and nitrogen by combustion technique

379 Elemental determination by ICP-MS on an aqua regia digest [JAS-510]

402 Dry Matter determined gravimetrically at 105 degrees centigrade

493 The sample is shaken with water at a 1:10 ratio. The supernatant is titrated to pH 10 with hydrochloric acid and expressed as the weight sodium hydroxide needed per 100g of sample.

494 The loss on ignition is determined gravimetrically at 550°C.

559 The pH value is determined potentiometrically in a 1:10 ratio water extraction

621 Total Organic Carbon by DUMAS combustion following removal of inorganic carbon. Tests marked # have been subcontracted. Details of methodology are available on request. Accreditation The laboratory is accredited to ISO17025 only for tests indicated by a ‘U’ on p1 of this report. All other parameters are not accredited. The laboratory is accredited in accordance with the recognised International Standard ISO/IEC 17025. This accreditation demonstrates technical competence for a defined scope and the operation of a laboratory quality management system (refer joint ISO-ILAC-IAF communique dated April 2017). This communique can be viewed at http://ilac.org/?ddownload=120917 Sample Storage A portion of the sample will be stored for 3 weeks from the reported date. Reported by: Date: This test report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of the laboratory.



Page 2 of 2



3818621/12/201808/01/2019DUB IBA1 HAZ 071118W470901004 0049021

Jennifer Cherrie 08/01/2019

(Environmental Section Head)

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17



Page 1 of 2



7181327/09/201901/10/2019DUB IBA1 HAZ 100719W663217181052712


Lab SOP 300 300 300 300


1 2781 101.6 865.9 2400

2 2915 107.3 910.6 2474

3 3102 110.5 860.0 2597

4 2798 97.5 855.1 2373

5 2843 98.2 796.9 2455

6 2641 97.7 795.1 2324

7 3088 98.1 819.2 2497

8 2703 98.5 896.9 2373

9 2655 136.4 829.4 2317

10 2720 95.6 779.1 2451

11 2718 97.5 883.1 2385


Lab SOP 559 300 379 379 300 379 300 300 300


1 12.50 26069 69.8 7.7 884.3 <1 142.0 21.1 131555

2 12.49 26231 75.0 7.6 868.9 <1 141.5 22.6 131914

3 12.49 26959 80.8 7.9 899.0 <1 146.7 31.5 135133


Lab SOP 300 300 300 379 300 300 379 379 300


1 117.0 47.2 55387 20.8 9744 1007 <0.5 10.2 5381

2 110.7 47.5 55723 20.9 9733 1042 <0.5 9.9 5332

3 120.0 43.0 57440 20.4 10000 1066 <0.5 10.6 5430


Lab SOP 300 379 300 379 300 379 379 379 300


1 3351 <0.5 2.2 10433 393.4 <0.1 106.5 2396 48.0

2 3319 <0.5 3.0 10376 393.5 <0.1 168.5 2342 47.6

3 3378 <0.5 2.6 10696 411.2 <0.1 116.7 2467 49.6

Alkali Reserve

Lab SOP 493

Units gNaOH/100g

1 0.85

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17












Page 2 of 2



7181327/09/201901/10/2019DUB IBA1 HAZ 100719W663217181052712

K. Hermanowska 01/10/2019

(Environmental Team Leader)

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17

of 1

ANALYTICAL REPORT


71817-1927-SEP-201901-OCT-2019DUB IBA1 HAZ 100719 W663217181




Determinand Unit IBA

Volatile Solids [LOI@550C] % 3.47Total Organic Carbon % 1.4

Analysis Notes The sample submitted was of adequate size to complete all analysis requested.The results as reported relate only to the item(s) submitted for testing.The results are presented on an as received basis.

Sample Storage A portion of the sample will be stored for 3 weeks from the reported date.Document Control This test report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of the laboratory.


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17



Page 1 of 2



3818721/12/201809/01/2019DUB IBA2 HAZ 291118W471001004 0049022


Lab SOP 300 300 300 300


1 1957 112.5 1007 2149

2 2434 101.0 933.3 2173

3 2015 98.9 954.7 2412

4 1758 102.9 993.3 2326

5 2233 111.5 974.7 2125

6 2133 102.9 847.2 2102

7 2052 110.8 1003 2291

8 1810 103.9 890.4 2201

9 2102 100.6 1002 2164

10 2076 93.0 977.7 2047

11 1840 109.6 980.3 2026


Lab SOP 559 300 379 379 300 379 300 300 300


1 12.59 29504 45.4 9.8 469.2 <1 146.1 3.6 121252

2 12.59 30539 45.5 9.9 470.6 <1 151.0 4.9 123404

3 12.59 29496 43.9 10.1 425.5 <1 150.3 3.9 124050


Lab SOP 300 300 300 379 300 300 379 379 300


1 107.6 38.4 65923 21.8 9207 987.6 <0.5 10.8 5303

2 118.4 41.9 66917 23.0 9553 999.0 <0.5 10.8 5393

3 106.1 67.0 67439 23.6 9212 1003 <0.5 10.9 5398


Lab SOP 300 379 300 379 300 379 379 379 300


1 3317 <0.5 3.9 11439 337.5 <0.1 100.9 2088 100.0

2 3473 <0.5 6.6 11893 342.7 <0.1 93.7 2120 100.7

3 3327 <0.5 4.5 11423 349.7 <0.1 101.0 2091 101.5


Lab SOP 493 #


1 1.13 <0.1

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17












Page 2 of 2



3818721/12/201809/01/2019DUB IBA2 HAZ 291118W471001004 0049022



For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17



Page 1 of 2



7181427/09/201901/10/2019DUB IBA2 HAZ 270719W663317181052713


Lab SOP 300 300 300 300


1 2704 112.3 1157 2667

2 2834 106.2 1122 2517

3 2762 109.5 1145 2581

4 2763 106.7 1110 2549

5 2773 107.8 1126 2570

6 2754 108.7 1129 2599

7 2897 113.6 1118 2554

8 2916 111.6 1096 2562

9 2650 95.3 1150 2486

10 2845 94.2 1104 2567

11 2863 119.6 1100 2497


Lab SOP 559 300 379 379 300 379 300 300 300


1 12.60 25867 73.1 15.5 969.5 <1 149.6 8.1 144700

2 12.59 26630 75.1 20.0 978.5 <1 151.6 6.8 148700

3 12.60 26051 76.3 17.4 965.9 <1 154.1 7.2 147500


Lab SOP 300 300 300 379 300 300 379 379 300


1 115.6 48.9 51092 21.3 10127 844.4 <0.5 15.6 5648

2 125.8 49.2 51722 21.9 10400 869.1 <0.5 16.2 5660

3 129.4 42.8 52420 22.6 10161 844.6 <0.5 15.0 5591


Lab SOP 300 379 300 379 300 379 379 379 300


1 3677 <0.5 9.8 10748 379.1 <0.1 164.4 2335 43.4

2 3797 <0.5 3.4 11046 382.9 <0.1 154.3 2364 42.5

3 3709 <0.5 3.6 10788 381.3 <0.1 144.6 2365 42.9

Alkali Reserve

Lab SOP 493

Units gNaOH/100g

1 1.09

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17












Page 2 of 2



7181427/09/201901/10/2019DUB IBA2 HAZ 270719W663317181052713



For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17

of 1

ANALYTICAL REPORT











For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17



Page 1 of 2



3818821/12/201808/01/2019DUB IBA3 HAZ 031218W471101004 0049023


Lab SOP 300 300 300 300


1 2908 112.9 941.5 1942

2 2045 97.4 932.3 1966

3 2239 112.9 919.1 1982

4 3056 114.4 917.7 2087

5 2300 103.6 1235 2084

6 2948 112.6 1033 2165

7 2407 114.1 1004 2058

8 2405 114.5 1126 2052

9 2025 140.5 964.9 2095

10 2590 110.9 1186 2120

11 2150 97.1 1154 2039


Lab SOP 559 300 379 379 300 379 300 300 300


1 12.65 26482 49.6 8.9 479.8 <1 160.7 24.9 125304

2 12.64 25419 50.2 9.1 437.2 <1 157.2 11.1 121818

3 12.64 25450 50.8 9.0 434.5 <1 163.3 16.4 123292


Lab SOP 300 300 300 379 300 300 379 379 300


1 119.9 24.7 56105 18.7 9622 911.7 <0.5 11.7 4990

2 104.4 30.1 54904 19.6 9582 907.7 <0.5 12.3 4885

3 99.6 26.8 54617 20.2 9553 875.2 <0.5 11.8 4965


Lab SOP 300 379 300 379 300 379 379 379 300


1 3192 <0.5 3.7 10609 376.5 <0.1 135.8 2002 110.8

2 3162 <0.5 3.6 10477 361.2 <0.1 180.1 1996 110.9

3 3161 <0.5 4.2 10445 370.7 <0.1 116.7 1982 110.0


Lab SOP 493 #


1 1.37 <0.1

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17












Page 2 of 2



3818821/12/201808/01/2019DUB IBA3 HAZ 031218W471101004 0049023

Jennifer Cherrie 08/01/2019

(Environmental Section Head)

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17



Page 1 of 2



7181527/09/201901/10/2019DUB IBA3 HAZ 160819W663417181052714


Lab SOP 300 300 300 300


1 3032 109.5 1438 3226

2 3188 100.6 1418 3021

3 3024 114.6 1450 3121

4 3352 120.1 1594 3207

5 3796 109.3 1455 3194

6 3059 107.0 1478 3057

7 3082 129.9 1501 3228

8 3278 109.8 1515 3279

9 3307 107.6 1466 3156

10 3306 119.2 1397 3218

11 3398 103.5 1395 3065


Lab SOP 559 300 379 379 300 379 300 300 300


1 12.57 27388 82.0 8.8 1017 <1 155.0 11.1 151000

2 12.57 28214 76.8 8.4 1012 <1 159.4 8.1 152500

3 12.57 27401 79.3 8.5 973.0 <1 156.6 26.1 147900


Lab SOP 300 300 300 379 300 300 379 379 300


1 121.6 56.2 48863 20.7 10037 858.8 <0.5 12.3 5709

2 125.0 61.3 48068 21.9 10263 912.7 <0.5 13.2 5701

3 118.4 50.2 49002 20.8 10051 877.4 <0.5 12.3 5697


Lab SOP 300 379 300 379 300 379 379 379 300


1 3697 <0.5 6.4 10914 391.7 0.1 134.9 2357 38.6

2 3763 <0.5 4.5 11152 394.8 0.1 116.2 2376 37.7

3 3677 <0.5 13.3 10909 394.3 0.1 133.0 2342 37.0

Alkali Reserve

Lab SOP 493

Units gNaOH/100g

1 0.98

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17












Page 2 of 2



7181527/09/201901/10/2019DUB IBA3 HAZ 160819W663417181052714



For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17

of 1

ANALYTICAL REPORT











For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17



Page 1 of 2



3814020/12/201807/01/2019DUB IBA4 ANN 041218W47121025049013


Lab SOP 300 300 300 300


1 2631 103.2 1019 1709

2 2501 107.1 947.9 1760

3 2593 138.4 875.1 1704

4 2468 111.5 791.0 1739

5 2450 113.2 795.1 1698

6 2552 124.8 859.0 1809

7 2466 110.2 851.1 1719

8 2678 105.8 791.6 1675

9 2817 112.6 936.9 1816

10 2715 110.0 839.1 1729

11 2559 103.3 766.9 1819


Lab SOP 559 300 379 379 300 379 300 300 300


1 12.66 28049 55.5 9.6 316.1 <1 152.4 6.3 151800

2 12.66 28317 55.2 9.5 312.7 <1 152.6 15.8 148500

3 12.65 28527 57.3 9.5 324.7 <1 156.2 7.8 148800


Lab SOP 300 300 300 379 300 300 379 379 300


1 104.1 44.9 53121 22.3 10069 878.2 <0.5 20.0 5804

2 108.1 49.9 54257 22.9 10138 876.4 <0.5 16.9 5819

3 112.8 50.4 54658 22.0 10252 898.1 <0.5 17.1 5914


Lab SOP 300 379 300 379 300 379 379 379 300


1 3670 0.52 2.3 12251 375.8 0.1 123.3 2125 109.9

2 3711 <0.5 2.8 12420 378.1 <0.1 116.6 2061 109.7

3 3772 0.64 13.5 12657 379.0 <0.1 131.9 2113 112.9

Alkali Reserve Cr (VI) TOC Carbon Nitrogen LOI Dry Matter

Lab SOP 493 # 621 373 373 494 402

Units gNaOH/100g mg/kg % % w/w % w/w % w/w % w/w

1 1.42 <0.1 1.5 1.94 0.043 1.91 99.0

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17












Page 2 of 2



3814020/12/201807/01/2019DUB IBA4 ANN 041218W47121025049013



For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17



Page 1 of 2



7181627/09/201901/10/2019DUB IBA4 HAZ 300819W663517181052715


Lab SOP 300 300 300 300


1 2937 114.3 830.7 2520

2 2980 118.6 868.7 2526

3 2808 130.3 878.9 2405

4 2958 103.1 920.8 2494

5 2906 157.1 776.7 2444

6 2787 112.9 937.5 2416

7 3231 99.2 804.6 2467

8 3095 105.6 843.0 2480

9 3049 120.6 787.1 2481

10 3456 111.3 796.9 2560

11 3183 108.7 828.5 2461


Lab SOP 559 300 379 379 300 379 300 300 300


1 12.33 25387 70.0 8.5 902.0 <1 171.0 4.9 127216

2 12.33 25445 69.5 8.4 933.4 <1 177.5 5.1 129477

3 12.34 25547 71.0 8.7 905.2 <1 176.4 6.3 129775


Lab SOP 300 300 300 379 300 300 379 379 300


1 112.8 78.5 57843 23.6 9200 948.6 <0.5 9.7 7546

2 112.8 70.0 58910 23.9 9169 966.9 <0.5 9.6 7599

3 113.1 97.3 58503 24.2 9192 944.0 <0.5 9.9 7620


Lab SOP 300 379 300 379 300 379 379 379 300


1 3380 <0.5 4.8 11386 377.1 <0.1 172.2 2360 34.5

2 3360 <0.5 4.9 11231 373.9 <0.1 257.2 2419 36.4

3 3386 <0.5 4.3 11307 377.7 <0.1 199.7 2386 34.0

Alkali Reserve

Lab SOP 493

Units gNaOH/100g

1 0.58

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17












Page 2 of 2



7181627/09/201901/10/2019DUB IBA4 HAZ 300819W663517181052715



For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17

of 1

ANALYTICAL REPORT











For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17

Appendix D Leaching test data

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17

Natural Resource Management Ltd, Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6NS Tel +44 (0) 1344 886338 Fax + 44 (0) 1344 890972 E-Mail [email protected] Web www.nrm.uk.com

Registered in England No. 2577148. Registered office: Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6NS

Page No : 1 of 4

Purchase Order : 1025

W4712

DUB IBA4 ANN 041218

PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON

WILTS SN5 8YF M424Please quote above code for all enquiries

ANALYTICAL REPORTLaboratory References

Date Received 20-DEC-2018Date Reported 09-JAN-2019

Report Number 38141-18First Sample Number ENV 49014

Released by ........................................................... Date ...............................K. Hermanowska 09/01/19

ANALYTICAL NOTES

The sample submitted was of adequate size to complete all analysis requested.

The sample will be kept under refrigeration for at least 3 weeks.

The WAC analysis has been undertaken according to the British Standard EN12457 Part 3 for theCharacterisation of Waste - a compliance test of granular waste materials and sludges.Part 3 is a two stage batch test at liquid to solid ratios of 2 l/kg and 8 l/kg.

Landfill WAC analysis must not be used for hazardous waste classification purposes.This analysis is only applicable for waste landfill acceptance and does not give anyindication as to whether a waste may be hazardous or non-hazardous.

All results are presented on a dry matter or corrected dry matter basis.

Further details of analysis are available on request.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17



Page No : 2 of 4

ANALYTICAL REPORT

Report Number 38141-18

Sample Number ENV 49014


ANALYTICAL RESULTS for Solid Waste on a dry matter basis

Determinand Value Units

Landfill Waste Acceptance Criteria Limits

Inert Waste Landfill Stable non-reactivehazardous waste

and non-hazardouswaste co-dispersed

with SNRHW

Hazardous WasteLandfill

Fresh pH [1:10] 12.66 >6

Acid Neutralising Capacity pH 7 6.40 mol/kg

Acid Neutralising Capacity pH 4 7.44 mol/kg

ANALYTICAL RESULTS for Waste Leachate on a dry matter basis Limit values (mg/kg) for compliance leachingtest using BS EN 12457 at L/S 10 l/kg

Determinand L/S 2 L/S 10 Inert Non-Hazardous Hazardous(mg/kg) (mg/kg)

Arsenic <0.05 <0.05 0.5 2 25

Barium 0.6 3.9 20 100 300

Cadmium <0.01 <0.01 0.04 1 5

Chromium <0.05 0.26 0.5 10 70

Copper 3.24 4.45 2 50 100

Mercury <0.005 <0.01 0.01 0.2 2

Molybdenum 0.68 1.05 0.5 10 30

Nickel 0.11 0.13 0.4 10 40

Lead 12.5 36.2 0.5 10 50

Antimony <0.01 0.01 0.06 0.7 5

Selenium 0.03 <0.03 0.1 0.5 7

Zinc 3.5 17.4 4 50 200

Chloride 4930 5251 800 15000 25000

Fluoride <2 3 10 150 500

Sulphate 3165 6544 1000 20000 50000

Total Dissolved Solids 21125 58024 4000 60000 100000

Total Phenol Index <1 <1 1

DOC by NPOC 219 293 500 800 1000

Aluminium <0.5 1.92

Boron <0.5 <1

Calcium 2662 8866

Cobalt <0.05 <0.2

Iron <0.5 <1

Magnesium <1 <5

Manganese <0.5 <0.5

Phosphorus <5 <5

Potassium 1043 1091

Sodium 2922 3012

Titanium <0.05 <0.2

Thallium <0.01 <0.01

Waste Acceptance Criteria are provided for guidance only and NRM cannot be held responsible for any discrepancies with current legislation.Meeting WAC limits does not guarantee waste acceptance. Discuss specific permit conditions with Landfill Operator.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17



Page No : 3 of 4

ANALYTICAL REPORT




ANALYTICAL RESULTS for Solid Waste on a dry matter basis

Determinand Value Units

Landfill Waste Acceptance Criteria Limits

Inert Waste Landfill Stable non-reactivehazardous waste

and non-hazardouswaste co-dispersed

with SNRHW

Hazardous WasteLandfill

ANALYTICAL RESULTS for Waste Leachate on a dry matter basis Limit values (mg/kg) for compliance leachingtest using BS EN 12457 at L/S 10 l/kg

Determinand L/S 2 L/S 10 Inert Non-Hazardous Hazardous(mg/kg) (mg/kg)

Tin <0.1 <0.2

Vanadium <0.01 <0.03

Ammonical-N 2.5 3.3

Nitrite-N 0.2 2.2

Nitrate-N 0.3 2.9

Bromide 24.2 24.2

Alkalinity as CaCO3 4738 19609

Hexavalent Chromium <0.01 <0.05

Leach Test Information L/S 2 L/S 10

pH 12.9 13.0

Conductivity us/cm 16670 8075

Temperature Deg. C 20 20

Waste Acceptance Criteria are provided for guidance only and NRM cannot be held responsible for any discrepancies with current legislation.Meeting WAC limits does not guarantee waste acceptance. Discuss specific permit conditions with Landfill Operator.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17



Page No : 4 of 4

ANALYTICAL REPORT




ANALYTICAL RESULTS on a dry matter basis

Determinand DeterminandValue ValueUnits Units

Total Nitrogen 0.043 % w/w Speciated Phenols 1.30 mg/kg

Total Cyanide <1 mg/kg Free Cyanide <1 mg/kg

Phenol <0.1 mg/kg Methyl Phenols <0.1 mg/kg

Dimethylphenols 1.30 mg/kg Trimethylphenols <0.1 mg/kg

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17

Appendix E Advanced leaching test data

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17

of 2

ANALYTICAL REPORT


43108-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4709PO00601530






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17

of 2

ANALYTICAL NOTES


43108-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4709PO00601530



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17

of 2

ANALYTICAL REPORT


43109-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4710PO00601530






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:17

of 2

ANALYTICAL NOTES


43109-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4710PO00601530



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18

of 2

ANALYTICAL REPORT


43110-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4711PO00601530






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18

of 2

ANALYTICAL NOTES


43110-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4711PO00601530



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18

of 2

ANALYTICAL REPORT


43111-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4712PO00601530






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18

of 2

ANALYTICAL NOTES


43111-1911-FEB-201914-FEB-2019168773 W4712PO00601530



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18

NRM Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6NSTel: +44 (0) 1344 886338 Fax: +44 (0) 1344 890972 Email: [email protected] www.nrm.uk.com

NRM Laboratories is a division of Cawood Scientifi c Ltd, Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6NS Registered Number: 05655711

Purchase Order : PO00601530

ANALYTICAL REPORTLaboratory Reference

ANALYTICAL RESULTS on ’as received’ basis.

W4948

SEQ EXT 1ST STEP H20 SEND

PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON


Date Received 08-FEB-2019

Date Reported 20-FEB-2019

Report Number 43012

Sample Matrix : WATER

Released by ........................................................... Date ...............................Darren Whitbread 20/02/19



Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109813 S.1.1 8.17 <0.01 0.30

109814 S.2.1 9.22 <0.01 0.10

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4949


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43013





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109815 S.3.1 0.35 0.02 1.20

109816 S.4.1 1.62 <0.01 1.10

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4950


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43014





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109817 S.5.1 1.45 <0.01 0.60

109818 S.6.1 2.07 <0.01 0.90

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4951


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43015





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109819 S.7.1 5.66 <0.01 0.40

109820 S.8.1 1.10 <0.01 0.10

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4952


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43016





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109821 S.9.1 0.74 <0.01 0.50

109822 S.10.1 0.91 <0.01 0.70

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4953


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43017





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109823 S.11.1 1.35 <0.01 0.60

109824 S.12.1 1.65 <0.01 0.70

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4967


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43018





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109825 S.13.1 0.54 0.89 3800

109826 S.14.1 0.56 1.24 3370

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4968


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43019





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109827 S.15.1 0.46 0.71 757

109828 S.16.1 0.46 0.73 769

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4969


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43020





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109829 S.17.1 0.55 1.43 2500

109830 S.18.1 0.57 1.71 2400

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4970


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43021





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109831 S.19.1 0.64 1.12 1410

109832 S.20.1 0.63 1.10 1370

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4971


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43022





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109833 S.21.1 0.57 0.96 3820

109834 S.22.1 0.55 0.90 3510

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4972


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43023





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109835 S.23.1 0.47 0.47 805

109836 S.24.1 0.71 0.75 777

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4973


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43024





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109837 S.25.1 0.57 1.42 2400

109838 S.26.1 0.54 1.38 2420

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4974


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43025





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109839 S.27.1 0.60 1.08 1290

109840 S.28.1 0.64 1.14 1430

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4975


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43026





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109841 S.29.1 <0.01 0.58 1.70

109842 S.30.1 <0.01 0.33 1.40

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4976


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43027





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109843 S.31.1 <0.01 4.22 0.30

109844 S.32.1 <0.01 2.35 0.20

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4977


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43028





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109845 S.33.1 <0.01 6.31 0.10

109846 S.34.1 <0.01 5.99 0.10

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4978


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43029





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109847 S.35.1 0.05 1.15 3.70

109848 S.36.1 0.08 1.75 8.50

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4979


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43030





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109849 S.37.1 <0.01 1.14 <0.05

109850 S.38.1 <0.01 0.46 0.60

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4980


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43031

Sample Matrix : EXTRACT




Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109851 S.39.1 0.57 0.93 3910

109852 S.40.1 0.56 0.92 3980

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4981


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43032





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109853 S.41.1 0.48 0.74 868

109854 S.42.1 0.47 0.70 803

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4982


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43033





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109855 S.43.1 0.59 1.46 2560

109856 S.44.1 0.56 1.41 2580

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4983


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43034





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109857 S.45.1 0.65 1.14 1470

109858 S.46.1. 0.65 1.13 1400

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:18






W4948

SEQ EXT 2ND STEP CH3COONA

PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43035





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109859 S.1.2 261 0.08 4.70

109860 S.2.2 262 0.16 6.00

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4949


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43036





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109861 S.3.2 220 0.06 6.00

109862 S.4.2 238 0.18 6.30

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4950


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43037





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109863 S.5.2 4380 0.16 960

109864 S.6.2 5500 0.31 1140

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4951


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43038





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109865 S.7.2 243 0.08 4.20

109866 S.8.2 277 2.22 4.10

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4952


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43039





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109867 S.9.2 182 0.07 6.10

109868 S.10.2 227 0.05 6.40

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4953


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43040





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109869 S.11.2 3920 0.15 822

109870 S.12.2 4610 0.15 984

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4967


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43041





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109871 S.13.2 26.7 71.1 26800

109872 S.14.2 25.5 71.5 26000

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4968


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43042





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109873 S.15.1 17.7 64.6 8850

109874 S.16.1 20.8 68.8 9380

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4969


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43043





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109875 S.17.2 13.1 50.2 10700

109876 S.18.2 15.3 51.9 10900

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4970


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43044





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109877 S.19.2 12.8 44.5 6060

109878 S.20.2 12.6 42.4 5560

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4971


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43045





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109879 S.21.2 26.0 71.2 26500

109880 S.22.2 24.2 69.2 24800

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4972


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43046





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109881 S.23.2 19.8 65.8 8390

109882 S.24.2 23.3 75.6 9630

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4973


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43047





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109883 S.25.2 15.5 53.2 10600

109884 S.26.2 15.3 53.9 11000

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4974


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43048





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109885 S.27.2 11.6 48.4 5710

109886 S.28.2 14.7 49.9 6010

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4975


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43049





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109887 S.29.2 4.07 6450 1.60

109888 S.30.2 0.36 6440 1.40

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4976


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43050





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109889 S.31.2 0.21 7120 49.8

109890 S.32.2 0.16 6180 42.8

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4977


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43051





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109891 S.33.2 0.17 5740 106

109892 S.34.2 0.14 5210 101

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4978


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43052





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109893 S.35.2 1.02 250 43.4

109894 S.36.2 0.44 130 18.2

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4979


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43053





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109895 S.37.2 0.48 1.34 0.70

109896 S.38.2 0.06 1.30 0.70

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4980


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43054





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109897 S.39.2 25.2 70.7 26000

109898 S.40.2 23.4 68.6 25800

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4981


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43055





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109899 S.41.2 21.0 69.1 9880

109900 S.42.2 22.2 73.9 10200

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4983


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43057





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109903 S.45.2 10.8 46.1 6180

109904 S.46.2 16.2 48.7 6300

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4948

SEQ EXT 3RD STEP CITRIC

PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43058





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109905 S.1.3 201 0.02 5.60

109906 S.2.3 228 0.02 4.10

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4949


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43059





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109907 S.3.3 120 0.02 6.50

109908 S.4.3 134 0.02 2.60

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4950


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43060





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109909 S.5.3 1690 0.09 299

109910 S.6.3 749 0.14 164

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4951


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43061





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109911 S.7.3 237 0.02 2.80

109912 S.8.3 243 0.04 2.80

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4952


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43062





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109913 S.9.3 143 0.04 3.00

109914 S.10.3 134 0.01 6.00

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:19






W4953


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43063





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109915 S.11.3 1850 3.40 357

109916 S.12.3 1820 0.09 369

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4967


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43064





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109917 S.13.3 9.22 68.9 41700

109918 S.14.3 8.82 77.6 41200

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4968


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43065





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109919 S.15.3 8.28 75.0 15000

109920 S.16.3 8.30 77.8 16300

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4969


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43066





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109921 S.17.3 5.12 56.8 18300

109922 S.18.3 4.37 51.1 17100

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4970


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43067





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109923 S.19.3 3.79 47.5 10500

109924 S.20.3 3.56 49.9 10500

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4971


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43068





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109925 S.21.3 10.3 88.1 44500

109926 S.22.3 10.6 79.3 42300

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4972


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43069





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109927 S.23.3 8.93 71.0 15800

109928 S.24.3 6.13 77.0 16700

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4973


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43070





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109929 S.25.3 4.09 63.2 18700

109930 S.26.3 4.07 60.1 18300

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4974


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43071





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109931 S.27.3 3.81 61.5 12000

109932 S.28.3 3.58 50.7 11700

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4975

SEQ EXTR 4TH STEP NH2OHCL

PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43162


Released by ........................................................... Date ...............................Joe Cherrie 22/02/19



Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109935 S.29.4 1.62 3560 490

109936 S.30.4 0.91 3470 421

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4977


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43164





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109939 S.33.4 0.39 2460 17.7

109940 S.34.4 0.23 3250 19.4

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4978


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43165





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109941 S.35.4 2.90 164 2830

109942 S.36.4 2.43 218 4510

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4979


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43166





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109943 S.37.4 <0.01 0.58 1.20

109944 S.38.4 <0.01 0.98 0.10

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4980


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43167





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109945 S.39.4 7.92 30.2 3660

109946 S.40.4 8.12 29.7 4080

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4981


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43168





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109947 S.41.4 4.92 40.0 170

109948 S.42.4 1.28 20.1 984

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4982


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43169





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109949 S.43.4 0.08 19.9 1370

109950 S.44.4 0.04 20.8 1460

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4983


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43170





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109951 S.45.4 0.10 24.7 703

109952 S.46.4 0.04 19.6 695

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4975

SEQ EXTR 5TH STEP H202

PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43171





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109953 S.29.5 0.40 444 113

109954 S.30.5 0.41 788 154

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4976


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43172





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109955 S.31.5 0.51 169 5.50

109956 S.32.5 0.36 457 6.20

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4977


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43173





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109957 S.33.5 0.59 122 12.7

109958 S.34.5 0.28 225 31.5

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4978


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43174





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109959 S.35.5 0.50 674 752

109960 S.36.5 0.46 945 918

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4979


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43175





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109961 S.37.5 0.86 4580 28.9

109962 S.38.5 0.62 4510 25.1

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4981


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43177





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109965 S.41.5 55.4 73.9 16000

109966 S.42.5 48.3 75.4 20200

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4982


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43178





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109967 S.43.5 50.5 67.0 17900

109968 S.44.5 50.0 66.4 16900

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20






W4983


PAUL EADES

WRc plc

FRANKLAND ROAD

BLAGROVE

SWINDON




Report Number 43179





Laboratory

Reference

Sample

Reference

Total

Copper

mg/l

Total Zinc

mg/l

Total Lead

ug/l

109969 S.45.5 69.4 58.4 10100

109970 S.46.5 61.4 60.9 10200

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20

Appendix F Magnetic separation data

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75916-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6848168773





Copper triplicate mg/kg300 3267Copper triplicate mg/kg300 3229Copper triplicate mg/kg300 3371Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 111Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 114Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 123Lead triplicate mg/kg300 1778Lead triplicate mg/kg300 1848Lead triplicate mg/kg300 1840Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 2863Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 2831Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 2833Aluminium 1 mg/kg300 * 25843Antimony 1 mg/kg379 * 74.6Arsenic 1 mg/kg379 * 8.4Barium 1 mg/kg300 * 960Beryllium 1 mg/kg379 * <1Boron 1 mg/kg300 * 156Cadmium 1 mg/kg300 * 12.6Calcium 1 mg/kg300 * 135011Chromium 1 mg/kg300 * 118Cobalt 1 mg/kg300 * 52.2Iron 1 mg/kg300 * 55569Lithium 1 mg/kg379 * 21.3Magnesium 1 mg/kg300 * 9340

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:20

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75916-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6848168773





Manganese 1 mg/kg300 * 847Mercury 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Molybdenum 1 mg/kg379 * 12.8Phosphorus 1 mg/kg300 * 5279Potassium mg/kg300 * 3436Selenium 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Silver 1 mg/kg300 * 18.2Sodium 1 mg/kg300 * 10761Strontium 1 mg/kg300 * 358Thallium 1 mg/kg379 * 0.1Tin 1 mg/kg300 * 125Titanium 1 mg/kg300 * 2365Vanadium 1 mg/kg300 * 37.1Aluminium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 25414Aluminium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 25572Antimony 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 71.7Antimony 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 71.2Arsenic 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 8.6Arsenic 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 8.3Barium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 950Barium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 941Beryllium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Beryllium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Boron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 156Boron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 156

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75916-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6848168773





Cadmium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 8.6Cadmium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 7.5Calcium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 134016Calcium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 134334Chromium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 115Chromium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 117Cobalt 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 59.0Cobalt 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 48.0Iron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 56134Iron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 55940Lithium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 22.4Lithium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 21.7Magnesium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 9409Magnesium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 9491Manganese 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 846Manganese 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 857Mercury 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Mercury 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Molybdenum 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 12.3Molybdenum 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 12.4Phosphorus 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 5245Phosphorus 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 5271Potassium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 3422Potassium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 3437Selenium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75916-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6848168773





Selenium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Silver 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 22.9Silver 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 9.6Sodium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 10611Sodium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 10653Strontium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 360Strontium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 357Thallium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.1Thallium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.1Tin 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 135Tin 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 139Titanium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2297Titanium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2343Vanadium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 34.8Vanadium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 36.0

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL NOTES


75916-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6848168773



Soil Condition


JAS - 300 As-received Elemental determination using ICP-OES on an aqua regia digest.JAS - 379Definitions: As-received Coarsely sieved to 5mm



Conformity Assessment Indices are derived solely from the numerical value of the test result without reference to measurement uncertainty.Sample Storage A portion of the sample will be stored for 3 weeks from the reported date.Accreditation Tests marked * are outside the laboratory’s scope of UKAS accreditation




For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75917-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6849168773





Copper triplicate mg/kg300 2819Copper triplicate mg/kg300 2605Copper triplicate mg/kg300 2764Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 90.4Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 87.4Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 93.4Lead triplicate mg/kg300 1353Lead triplicate mg/kg300 1308Lead triplicate mg/kg300 1332Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 2326Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 2238Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 2296Aluminium 1 mg/kg300 * 24431Antimony 1 mg/kg379 * 64.4Arsenic 1 mg/kg379 * 7.5Barium 1 mg/kg300 * 1049Beryllium 1 mg/kg379 * <1Boron 1 mg/kg300 * 166Cadmium 1 mg/kg300 * 9.4Calcium 1 mg/kg300 * 121249Chromium 1 mg/kg300 * 109Cobalt 1 mg/kg300 * 60.4Iron 1 mg/kg300 * 57276Lithium 1 mg/kg379 * 21.1Magnesium 1 mg/kg300 * 8830

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75917-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6849168773





Manganese 1 mg/kg300 * 808Mercury 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Molybdenum 1 mg/kg379 * 10.7Phosphorus 1 mg/kg300 * 7347Potassium mg/kg300 * 3231Selenium 1 mg/kg379 * 0.52Silver 1 mg/kg300 * 5.4Sodium 1 mg/kg300 * 11114Strontium 1 mg/kg300 * 371Thallium 1 mg/kg379 * <0.1Tin 1 mg/kg300 * 126Titanium 1 mg/kg300 * 2297Vanadium 1 mg/kg300 * 30.6Aluminium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 23962Aluminium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 24483Antimony 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 64.3Antimony 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 63.5Arsenic 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 7.5Arsenic 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 7.7Barium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 1050Barium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 1069Beryllium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Beryllium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Boron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 161Boron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 166

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75917-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6849168773





Cadmium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 11.5Cadmium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 10.8Calcium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 118947Calcium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 122193Chromium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 110Chromium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 117Cobalt 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 58.2Cobalt 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 66.5Iron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 56206Iron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 57536Lithium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 20.8Lithium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 21.3Magnesium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 8660Magnesium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 8869Manganese 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 790Manganese 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 829Mercury 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Mercury 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Molybdenum 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 10.4Molybdenum 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 11.0Phosphorus 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 7194Phosphorus 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 7273Potassium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 3173Potassium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 3239Selenium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.60

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75917-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6849168773





Selenium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.58Silver 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 3.1Silver 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 3.9Sodium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 11058Sodium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 10928Strontium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 370Strontium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 376Thallium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.1Thallium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.1Tin 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 139Tin 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 130Titanium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2227Titanium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2227Vanadium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 29.4Vanadium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 30.0

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL NOTES


75917-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6849168773



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75918-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6850168773





Copper triplicate mg/kg300 5549Copper triplicate mg/kg300 5888Copper triplicate mg/kg300 6125Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 454Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 458Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 425Lead triplicate mg/kg300 3031Lead triplicate mg/kg300 2962Lead triplicate mg/kg300 2968Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 4223Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 4148Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 4349Aluminium 1 mg/kg300 * 28272Antimony 1 mg/kg379 * 76.1Arsenic 1 mg/kg379 * 12.4Barium 1 mg/kg300 * 1219Beryllium 1 mg/kg379 * <1Boron 1 mg/kg300 * 134Cadmium 1 mg/kg300 * 67.4Calcium 1 mg/kg300 * 117429Chromium 1 mg/kg300 * 388Cobalt 1 mg/kg300 * 90.5Iron 1 mg/kg300 * 305200Lithium 1 mg/kg379 * 23.2Magnesium 1 mg/kg300 * 9860

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75918-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6850168773





Manganese 1 mg/kg300 * 2132Mercury 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Molybdenum 1 mg/kg379 * 30.8Phosphorus 1 mg/kg300 * 4446Potassium mg/kg300 * 2104Selenium 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Silver 1 mg/kg300 * 9.4Sodium 1 mg/kg300 * 10790Strontium 1 mg/kg300 * 379Thallium 1 mg/kg379 * 0.2Tin 1 mg/kg300 * 340Titanium 1 mg/kg300 * 3781Vanadium 1 mg/kg300 * 127Aluminium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 28135Aluminium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 28000Antimony 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 71.1Antimony 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 78.0Arsenic 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 13.3Arsenic 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 12.8Barium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 1217Barium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 1215Beryllium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Beryllium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Boron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 136Boron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 137

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75918-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6850168773





Cadmium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 79.5Cadmium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 97.3Calcium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 117270Calcium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 115501Chromium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 373Chromium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 369Cobalt 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 104Cobalt 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 105Iron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 297600Iron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 293500Lithium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 23.5Lithium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 24.0Magnesium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 9773Magnesium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 9722Manganese 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2136Manganese 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2134Mercury 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Mercury 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Molybdenum 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 33.9Molybdenum 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 40.5Phosphorus 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 4495Phosphorus 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 4439Potassium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2108Potassium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2111Selenium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75918-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6850168773





Selenium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Silver 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 3.8Silver 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 15.0Sodium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 10776Sodium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 10777Strontium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 378Strontium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 379Thallium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.2Thallium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.2Tin 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 328Tin 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 304Titanium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 3843Titanium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 3781Vanadium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 131Vanadium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 134

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL NOTES


75918-1930-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6850168773



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75919-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6851168773





Copper triplicate mg/kg300 5803Copper triplicate mg/kg300 5623Copper triplicate mg/kg300 6311Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 399Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 396Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 386Lead triplicate mg/kg300 1910Lead triplicate mg/kg300 1836Lead triplicate mg/kg300 1958Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 3759Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 3876Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 3854Aluminium 1 mg/kg300 * 28605Antimony 1 mg/kg379 * 53.3Arsenic 1 mg/kg379 * 14.4Barium 1 mg/kg300 * 1291Beryllium 1 mg/kg379 * <1Boron 1 mg/kg300 * 132Cadmium 1 mg/kg300 * 10.5Calcium 1 mg/kg300 * 114916Chromium 1 mg/kg300 * 317Cobalt 1 mg/kg300 * 105Iron 1 mg/kg300 * 269400Lithium 1 mg/kg379 * 25.1Magnesium 1 mg/kg300 * 10545

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75919-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6851168773





Manganese 1 mg/kg300 * 1979Mercury 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Molybdenum 1 mg/kg379 * 25.5Phosphorus 1 mg/kg300 * 4881Potassium mg/kg300 * 2361Selenium 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Silver 1 mg/kg300 * 12.7Sodium 1 mg/kg300 * 10623Strontium 1 mg/kg300 * 391Thallium 1 mg/kg379 * 0.2Tin 1 mg/kg300 * 371Titanium 1 mg/kg300 * 3592Vanadium 1 mg/kg300 * 167Aluminium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 29178Aluminium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 28743Antimony 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 54.6Antimony 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 53.2Arsenic 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 14.3Arsenic 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 14.1Barium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 1303Barium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 1284Beryllium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Beryllium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Boron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 137Boron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 137

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75919-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6851168773





Cadmium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 9.3Cadmium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 10.4Calcium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 115019Calcium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 113096Chromium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 321Chromium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 317Cobalt 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 116Cobalt 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 112Iron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 270100Iron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 267900Lithium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 26.6Lithium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 26.6Magnesium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 10579Magnesium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 10414Manganese 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 1988Manganese 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 1982Mercury 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Mercury 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Molybdenum 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 28.1Molybdenum 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 27.2Phosphorus 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 4966Phosphorus 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 4910Potassium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2385Potassium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2366Selenium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75919-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6851168773





Selenium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Silver 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 13.9Silver 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 12.3Sodium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 10632Sodium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 10900Strontium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 394Strontium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 387Thallium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.2Thallium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.2Tin 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 349Tin 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 393Titanium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 3656Titanium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 3629Vanadium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 168Vanadium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 168

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL NOTES


75919-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6851168773



Soil Condition








Reported by Jennifer CherrieEnvironmental Section HeadNatural Resource Management, a trading division of Cawood Scientific Ltd.Coopers Bridge, Braziers Lane, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6NSTel: 01344 886338Fax: 01344 890972email: [email protected]

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75920-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6852168773






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75920-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6852168773





Manganese 1 mg/kg300 * 2178Mercury 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Molybdenum 1 mg/kg379 * 23.7Phosphorus 1 mg/kg300 * 5705Potassium mg/kg300 * 2030Selenium 1 mg/kg379 * 2.74Silver 1 mg/kg300 * 34.3Sodium 1 mg/kg300 * 10419Strontium 1 mg/kg300 * 726Thallium 1 mg/kg379 * 0.2Tin 1 mg/kg300 * 379Titanium 1 mg/kg300 * 3596Vanadium 1 mg/kg300 * 43.4Aluminium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 24395Aluminium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 24730Antimony 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 71.8Antimony 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 74.4Arsenic 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 12.3Arsenic 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 12.3Barium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2683Barium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2813Beryllium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Beryllium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Boron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 133Boron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 131

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75920-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6852168773





Cadmium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 32.3Cadmium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 32.0Calcium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 97965Calcium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 99179Chromium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 380Chromium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 375Cobalt 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 335Cobalt 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 306Iron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 314300Iron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 324500Lithium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 25.0Lithium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 25.6Magnesium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 8572Magnesium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 8656Manganese 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2132Manganese 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2184Mercury 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Mercury 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Molybdenum 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 23.7Molybdenum 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 24.4Phosphorus 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 5573Phosphorus 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 5589Potassium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 1972Potassium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 1989Selenium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2.51

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75920-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6852168773





Selenium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2.27Silver 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 23.1Silver 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 26.9Sodium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 10144Sodium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 10180Strontium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 730Strontium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 752Thallium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.2Thallium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.2Tin 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 424Tin 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 385Titanium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 3436Titanium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 3599Vanadium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 42.4Vanadium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 45.2

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL NOTES


75920-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6852168773



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75921-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6853168773






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75921-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6853168773





Manganese 1 mg/kg300 * 2220Mercury 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Molybdenum 1 mg/kg379 * 29.8Phosphorus 1 mg/kg300 * 4613Potassium mg/kg300 * 2166Selenium 1 mg/kg379 * 0.58Silver 1 mg/kg300 * 158Sodium 1 mg/kg300 * 9783Strontium 1 mg/kg300 * 388Thallium 1 mg/kg379 * 0.3Tin 1 mg/kg300 * 414Titanium 1 mg/kg300 * 3504Vanadium 1 mg/kg300 * 54.4Aluminium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 23810Aluminium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 23521Antimony 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 87.3Antimony 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 85.6Arsenic 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 13.7Arsenic 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 16.7Barium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 1327Barium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 1270Beryllium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Beryllium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Boron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 128Boron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 122

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75921-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6853168773





Cadmium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 43.9Cadmium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 46.5Calcium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 105564Calcium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 103846Chromium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 381Chromium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 355Cobalt 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 206Cobalt 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 179Iron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 304600Iron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 298700Lithium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 28.6Lithium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 26.9Magnesium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 9090Magnesium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 8904Manganese 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2303Manganese 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2233Mercury 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Mercury 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Molybdenum 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 30.1Molybdenum 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 29.9Phosphorus 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 4573Phosphorus 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 4560Potassium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2223Potassium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2190Selenium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.54

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:21

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


75921-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6853168773





Selenium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Silver 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 136Silver 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 119Sodium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 9977Sodium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 9774Strontium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 391Strontium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 382Thallium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.3Thallium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.3Tin 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 438Tin 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 396Titanium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 3569Titanium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 3493Vanadium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 56.5Vanadium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 53.6

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL NOTES


75921-1930-OCT-201901-NOV-2019168773 W6853168773



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76085-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6842168773





Copper triplicate mg/kg300 1692Copper triplicate mg/kg300 1766Copper triplicate mg/kg300 1762Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 55.9Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 56.5Nickel triplicate mg/kg300 56.9Lead triplicate mg/kg300 1394Lead triplicate mg/kg300 1443Lead triplicate mg/kg300 1440Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 1959Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 2026Zinc triplicate mg/kg300 2029Aluminium 1 mg/kg300 * 30142Antimony 1 mg/kg379 * 63.2Arsenic 1 mg/kg379 * 7.8Barium 1 mg/kg300 * 793Beryllium 1 mg/kg379 * <1Boron 1 mg/kg300 * 157Cadmium 1 mg/kg300 * 10.3Calcium 1 mg/kg300 * 134117Chromium 1 mg/kg300 * 64.4Cobalt 1 mg/kg300 * 19.6Iron 1 mg/kg300 * 18765Lithium 1 mg/kg379 * 16.7Magnesium 1 mg/kg300 * 9357

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76085-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6842168773





Manganese 1 mg/kg300 * 589Mercury 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Molybdenum 1 mg/kg379 * 7.1Phosphorus 1 mg/kg300 * 5229Potassium mg/kg300 * 2392Selenium 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Silver 1 mg/kg300 * 2.4Sodium 1 mg/kg300 * 9103Strontium 1 mg/kg300 * 330Thallium 1 mg/kg379 * 0.1Tin 1 mg/kg300 * 81.2Titanium 1 mg/kg300 * 2252Vanadium 1 mg/kg300 * 73.4Aluminium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 31428Aluminium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 31062Antimony 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 61.0Antimony 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 62.1Arsenic 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 7.6Arsenic 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 7.7Barium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 799Barium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 802Beryllium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Beryllium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Boron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 162Boron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 162

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76085-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6842168773





Cadmium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 9.5Cadmium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 10.0Calcium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 136538Calcium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 135523Chromium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 66.2Chromium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 66.0Cobalt 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 19.7Cobalt 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 20.8Iron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 19458Iron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 19216Lithium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 16.5Lithium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 16.0Magnesium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 9804Magnesium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 9630Manganese 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 616Manganese 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 617Mercury 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Mercury 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Molybdenum 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 7.0Molybdenum 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 7.0Phosphorus 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 5348Phosphorus 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 5290Potassium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2401Potassium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2395Selenium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76085-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6842168773





Selenium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Silver 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2.7Silver 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2.2Sodium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 8792Sodium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 8927Strontium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 337Strontium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 336Thallium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.1Thallium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.1Tin 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 78.6Tin 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 79.6Titanium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2302Titanium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2339Vanadium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 76.4Vanadium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 76.9

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL NOTES


76085-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6842168773



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76086-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6843168773






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76086-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6843168773





Manganese 1 mg/kg300 * 651Mercury 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Molybdenum 1 mg/kg379 * 6.0Phosphorus 1 mg/kg300 * 5227Potassium mg/kg300 * 2358Selenium 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Silver 1 mg/kg300 * 2.1Sodium 1 mg/kg300 * 8270Strontium 1 mg/kg300 * 304Thallium 1 mg/kg379 * <0.1Tin 1 mg/kg300 * 87.5Titanium 1 mg/kg300 * 2168Vanadium 1 mg/kg300 * 93.3Aluminium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 26529Aluminium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 26713Antimony 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 45.7Antimony 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 48.2Arsenic 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 7.8Arsenic 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 7.6Barium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 745Barium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 738Beryllium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Beryllium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Boron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 147Boron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 149

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76086-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6843168773






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76086-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6843168773





Selenium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Silver 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2.3Silver 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2.3Sodium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 8272Sodium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 8401Strontium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 304Strontium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 298Thallium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.1Thallium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.1Tin 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 88.8Tin 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 102Titanium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2121Titanium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2136Vanadium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 89.9Vanadium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 90.7

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL NOTES


76086-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6843168773



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76087-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6844168773






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76087-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6844168773





Manganese 1 mg/kg300 * 658Mercury 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Molybdenum 1 mg/kg379 * 7.8Phosphorus 1 mg/kg300 * 5378Potassium mg/kg300 * 2570Selenium 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Silver 1 mg/kg300 * 8.2Sodium 1 mg/kg300 * 8799Strontium 1 mg/kg300 * 344Thallium 1 mg/kg379 * 0.1Tin 1 mg/kg300 * 89.8Titanium 1 mg/kg300 * 2210Vanadium 1 mg/kg300 * 37.0Aluminium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 27756Aluminium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 27389Antimony 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 72.9Antimony 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 70.7Arsenic 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 7.6Arsenic 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 7.4Barium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 862Barium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 874Beryllium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Beryllium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Boron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 166Boron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 169

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76087-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6844168773






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76087-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6844168773





Selenium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Silver 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 6.3Silver 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 6.3Sodium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 9422Sodium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 9571Strontium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 340Strontium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 335Thallium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.1Thallium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 0.1Tin 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 87.3Tin 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 89.4Titanium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2153Titanium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2182Vanadium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 33.8Vanadium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 34.0

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL NOTES


76087-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6844168773



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76088-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6845168773






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76088-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6845168773





Manganese 1 mg/kg300 * 594Mercury 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Molybdenum 1 mg/kg379 * 7.1Phosphorus 1 mg/kg300 * 7213Potassium mg/kg300 * 2213Selenium 1 mg/kg379 * <0.5Silver 1 mg/kg300 * 3.2Sodium 1 mg/kg300 * 8513Strontium 1 mg/kg300 * 303Thallium 1 mg/kg379 * <0.1Tin 1 mg/kg300 * 94.9Titanium 1 mg/kg300 * 2101Vanadium 1 mg/kg300 * 26.6Aluminium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 25232Aluminium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 25455Antimony 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 62.7Antimony 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 62.4Arsenic 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 6.7Arsenic 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 6.6Barium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 771Barium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 792Beryllium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Beryllium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <1Boron 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 172Boron 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 174

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76088-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6845168773






For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL REPORT


76088-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6845168773





Selenium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.5Silver 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 3.6Silver 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 3.8Sodium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 8602Sodium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 8650Strontium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 308Strontium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 309Thallium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.1Thallium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) <0.1Tin 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 91.1Tin 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 99.7Titanium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 2083Titanium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 2130Vanadium 2 mg/kg(By calc.) 28.2Vanadium 3 mg/kg(By calc.) 29.4

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

of 5

ANALYTICAL NOTES


76088-1931-OCT-201904-NOV-2019168773 W6845168773



Soil Condition









For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22

Report by: Mr G Harrison, Experimental Officer, X-ray Diffraction, Department of Materials Page 1

XRD for Water Research Centre Ltd

Date: 06/11/2019

Ref: XRD1912- XRD Powder Characterisation

Description of Work:

Perform a standard powder XRD measurement on four samples. A cobalt x-ray source is

used to supress x-ray fluorescence from Fe present in the samples.

Sample Description:

Four black coloured fine powder materials labelled 6850, 6851, 6852 and 6853

Sample Preparation:

All samples were pressed and levelled in a four position powder XRD holder and mounted in

to the diffractometer.

Instrument Details:

Bruker D8 Discover fitted with a cobalt x-ray source.

The Instrument is calibrated using a corundum standard reference material.

0.2mm Div Slit

LynxEye detector

Scan Details:

15 – 85 ° 2theta

0.02° step size

11hrs 35minute scan per sample

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22


Results:

Sample 6850

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22


Semi Quantitative Sample 6850

Phase Iron Oxide (Magnetite)

Weight fraction/ % 22.0

Phase Iron Oxide (Hematite)


Phase Iron Oxide (Wustite)


Phase Silicon Oxide


Phase Calcium Zinc Aluminum Silicate


Phase Calcium Carbonate


Phase Calcium Aluminum Silicide


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22


Sample 6851

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22









Phase Silicon Oxide






Phase Zinc Iron Oxide


Phase Calcium Iron Oxide


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22


Sample 6852

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22









Phase Silicon Oxide








Phase Calcium Aluminum Iron Oxide


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22


Sample 6853

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22







Phase Silicon Oxide




Phase Calcium Zinc Silicate


Phase Iron




Semi quantification results are approximate using the RIR method; standard peak fitting was

performed to ensure overlapping peaks were fitted more accurately.

Please note: EDXRF was not performed on these samples.

On samples 6851 and 6853, two unidentified very minor diffraction peaks could not be matched with

any certainty to phases in the database.

If these unidentified peaks need to be explored EDXRF could be used to find possible elements not

used in the original search and match criteria.

Due to the peaks having such low intensity, even with EDXRF it may not be possible to confirm the

phase.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22


References Database: International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) PDF 4+ 2020

Analysis software: Malvern PANalytical Highscore Plus

Appendix A (Matched Patterns of all test samples)

Identified Patterns List with PDF Ref Codes: 6850

Visible Ref.Code Score Compound

Name

Displ.[°2θ] Scale Fac. Chem.

Formula

* 01-086-

1344

61 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.995 Fe2.946 O4

* 04-003-

2900

41 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.337 Fe2 O3

* 04-004-

7638

45 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.462 Fe0.92 O

* 00-046-

1045

31 Silicon

Oxide

0.000 0.528 Si O2

* 01-077-

1114

37 Calcium

Zinc

Aluminum

Silicate

0.000 0.508 ( Ca0.97

Zn0.03 )2 (

Al0.63

Zn0.37 ) (

Si0.69

Al0.31 )2

O7

* 04-012-

0489

40 Calcium

Carbonate

0.000 0.330 Ca ( C O3 )

* 04-014-

1017

30 Calcium

Aluminum

Silicide

0.000 0.201 Ca Al Si

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:22




Name


Formula

* 01-086-

1344

54 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.894 Fe2.946 O4

* 04-004-

7638

48 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.213 Fe0.92 O

* 04-003-

2900

38 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.154 Fe2 O3

* 01-089-

1961

27 Silicon

Oxide

0.000 0.133 Si O2

* 01-077-

1114

30 Calcium

Zinc

Aluminum

Silicate

0.000 0.154 ( Ca0.97

Zn0.03 )2 (

Al0.63

Zn0.37 ) (

Si0.69

Al0.31 )2

O7

* 04-012-

0489

31 Calcium

Carbonate

0.000 0.132 Ca ( C O3 )

* 04-022-

5709

29 Zinc Iron

Oxide

0.000 0.089 Zn0.15

Fe0.85 O

* 04-016-

1960

18 Calcium

Iron Oxide

0.000 0.176 Ca Fe O2

* 04-007-

9753

18 Iron 0.000 0.023 Fe

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23




Name


Formula

* 01-086-

1344

60 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.936 Fe2.946 O4

* 04-003-

2900

45 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.234 Fe2 O3

* 01-074-

1880

44 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.117 Fe0.911 O

* 00-046-

1045

34 Silicon

Oxide

0.000 0.202 Si O2

* 04-012-

0489

34 Calcium

Carbonate

0.000 0.177 Ca ( C O3 )

* 01-077-

1114

27 Calcium

Zinc

Aluminum

Silicate

0.000 0.181 ( Ca0.97

Zn0.03 )2 (

Al0.63

Zn0.37 ) (

Si0.69

Al0.31 )2

O7

* 04-002-

8162

30 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.075 Fe0.95 O

* 04-014-

6627

17 Calcium

Aluminum

Iron Oxide

0.000 0.092 Ca2 Fe1.796

Al0.204 O5



Name


Formula

* 01-086-

1344

62 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.681 Fe2.946 O4

* 01-074-

1880

36 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.320 Fe0.911 O

* 01-089-

1961

34 Silicon

Oxide

0.000 0.151 Si O2

* 04-003-

2900

30 Iron Oxide 0.000 0.131 Fe2 O3

* 04-011-

5136

28 Calcium

Zinc Silicate

0.000 0.129 Ca2 Zn ( Si2

O7 )

* 04-007-

9753

26 Iron 0.000 0.023 Fe

* 04-023-

8700

24 Calcium

Carbonate

0.000 0.089 Ca ( C O3 )

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23


Appendix B (Semi Quantification Images)

6850 Semi Quant Pie Chart

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23



For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23



Disclaimer Notice:

The University of Manchester accepts no liability for loss or damage of any kind incurred as a

result in the use of the report provided. Your use of the report and your reliance on any

information in the report is solely at your own risk.

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

Appendix G SGS data for comparison

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8

ANALYTICAL REPORT

GP19-21896

LABORATORY DETAILS

Laboratory

Manager

Address

Telephone

Facsimile

Email

SGS Reference

Date Reported

+31 (0) 88 214 62 00

+31 (0) 88 214 62 99

[email protected]

09-08-2019

Spoorstraat 12

Postbus 78

4430 AB 's-Gravenpolder

GP19-21896

Received 10-07-2019

CLIENT DETAILS

Client

Address

Telephone

Facsimile

Email

Project

Order Number

Contact K. Mullins

COVANTA Dublin Waste-to-Energy Ltd

Standard project

IBA dd 09-07-2019

Shellybanks Road, Off Pigeon Hous Road

4 Dublin Ireland

[email protected]

Rudi Herman

Environment, Health and Safety

SGS Belgium NV

SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION

GP19-21896.001 IBA dd 09-07-2019

COMMENTS

All analyses marked with an (A) are executed on SGS location: Polderdijkweg 16 in Antwerp

The laboratory is acknowledged for the analysis marked with an E.

SIGNATORIES

Rudi Herman

Lab Operations Manager

Unless otherwise agreed, all orders and documents are executed and issued in accordance with our General Conditions. Upon simple request the conditions will again be sent to you. Attention is drawn to the

limitation of liability, indemnification and jurisdiction issues defined therein. Any holder of this document is advised that information contained hereon reflects SGS’ findings at the time of its intervention only and

within the limits of client’s instructions, if any. SGS’ sole responsibility is to its client and this document does not exonerate parties to a transaction from exercising all their rights and obligations under the

transaction documents. Any unauthorized alteration, forgery or falsification of the content or appearance of this document is unlawful and offenders may be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.

Precision data in relation to the accredited analysis are available on request. In the appendix information is given about the sample preservation and preservation times of the received samples. Technical

information about results marked with a "*" are also given in this appendix. The reports from external subcontracted analyses, if applicable, are attached to this report.

SGS Belgium NV

t +32 (0)3 545 86 71 f +32 (0)3 545 86 79 e [email protected]

Environment, Health and Safety Haven 407 Polderdijkweg 16 B-2030 Antwerpen

Member of the SGS Group

url www.be.sgs.com

Registered office : Noorderlaan 87 B-2030 Antwerpen RPR Antwerpen BTW BE 404.882.750 IBAN: BE 87 5701 3412 5594 BIC: CITIBEBX

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8

ANALYTICAL REPORT

GP19-21896

Sample Number GP19-21896.001

Matrix Solid waste

Sample Depth

Sampled By R. Collins

Sample Date 09-07-2019

Sample Location

Sample Received Date 10-07-2019

Parameter Unit RL Result

T.O.C. [According to CMA/2/II/A.7 (equivalent to EN 15936)]

0.20wt % db <0.20E Total Organic Carbon

Mercury non-volatile [According to NEN 6961 Analysis NEN-ISO 16772] (A)

0.050mg/kg db <0.050Mercury non volatle

Metals [According to NEN 6961/NEN 6966 C1] (A)

1.5mg/kg db 4.8Antimony

4.0mg/kg db <4.0Arsenic

20mg/kg db 1400Barium

0.20mg/kg db <0.20Cadmium

10mg/kg db 1100Chrome

3.0mg/kg db 38Cobalt

5.0mg/kg db 2000Copper

10mg/kg db 180Lead

5.0mg/kg db 2400Manganese

1.5mg/kg db 5.4Molybdenum

4.0mg/kg db 140Nickel

1.5mg/kg db <1.5Selene

1.0mg/kg db <1.0Thallium

1.5mg/kg db 66Tin

10mg/kg db 58Vanadium

20mg/kg db 4100Zinc

Dioxines, Furanes, Dioxin like PCB [Subcontracted] (A)

50- see attachmentDioxines, Furanes, Dioxin like PCB

Anions [Conservation SIKB3001 Analysis AS3040 pb.2]

1.0mg/kg db <1.0Fluoride

20mg/kg db 66Chloride

20mg/kg db 180Sulphate

Dry substance [According to NEN-EN 15934 method A]

-wt % 99.8Dry substance

pH H2O [According to NEN-ISO-10390]

-°C 20.8Temperature pH-measurement

0.10- 10.4pH H2O

SGS Belgium NV




url www.be.sgs.com


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8

ANALYTICAL REPORT

GP19-21896

APPENDIX

PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION REMARKS

Differences with the guidelines for the preservation and handling of samples have been observed and these may have influenced the reported

analytical results.

GP19-21896.001 - IBA dd 09-07-2019:

Dry substance: The maximum recommended preservation time has been exceeded

SGS Belgium NV




url www.be.sgs.com


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8

SGS NEDERLAND BV

Attn: afdeling Customer Services

Spoorstraat 12, 4431 NK

Postbus 78

4430AB 'S GRAVENPOLDER

ANALYTICAL REPORT : IAC19-05382

Your reference: GRV - GP19-21896.001

Number of samples: 1

Date of receipt: 18/07/2019

Identification of the samples:

IAC19-05382.001 - GP19-21896.001 (Waste)

Analytical results:

Determination of 2,3,7,8 substituted PCDF's and PCDD's(HRGC/HRMS; ECO/AV/IAC/012)

Determination of Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)(HRGC/HRMS; ECO/AV/IAC/015)

I.A.C., a division of SGS Belgium NV

Sven Herremans

Technical Manager

ANTWERP, 09/08/2019

Unless otherwise agreed, all orders and documents are executed and issued in accordance with our General Conditions. Upon simple request the conditions will again be sent to you. Attention is drawn to the limitation of liability, indemnification and jurisdiction issues defined therein. Any holder of this document is advised that information contained hereon reflects SGS Belgium’s findings at the time of its intervention only and within the limits of Client’s instructions , if any. SGS Belgium’s sole responsibility is to its Client and this document does not exonerate parties to a transaction from exercising all their rights and obligations under the transaction documents. Any unauthorized alteration, forgery or falsification of the content or appearance of this document is unlawful and offenders may be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.A description of the used analytical methods , the identity of the external laboratories for the marked (E) analyses and the uncertainty of measurement of analyses are available upon request. Possible mentioned norms or criteria are made in accordance with the client.

Institute for Applied Chromatography Haven 407 Polderdijkweg 16 B-2030 Antwerpen

Member of the SGS Group (Société Générale de Surveillance)Registred Office : Noorderlaan 87 2030 Antwerpen H.R. Antwerpen 141 810 BTW BE 404.882.750 Citibank BE87 5701 3412 5594

All orders are executed only in accordance with our General Conditions, deposited with the Antwerp Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

Page 1 of 5SGS Belgium NV

t +32 (0)3 545 85 90 f +32 (0)3 545 85 99 e [email protected] url www.sgs.be

For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8


Sample identification : IAC19-05382.001

Your reference: GP19-21896.001

Determination of 2,3,7,8 substituted PCDF's and PCDD's

Date of analysis: 09-08-2019

Component Concentration

(ng/kg)

I-TEF I-TEQ

(ng/kg)

2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.14.0 0.40

2,3,7,8-TCDD 1<3.7 < 3.7

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 0.05<3.7 < 0.19

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 0.5<3.7 < 1.9

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 0.5<3.7 < 1.9

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 0.1<3.7 < 0.37

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1<3.7 < 0.37

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1<3.7 < 0.37

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 0.1<3.7 < 0.37

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 0.1<3.7 < 0.37

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 0.1<3.7 < 0.37

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 0.1<3.7 < 0.37

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 0.01<6.2 < 0.062

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 0.01<6.2 < 0.062

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 0.01<6.2 < 0.062

OCDF 0.001<12 < 0.012

OCDD 0.001<12 < 0.012

Total 0.40 - 11

The TEQ values have been calculated using the toxicity equivalence factors according to J .A. van Zorge et al. (Chemosphere 19 (1989), 1881-1895).

The measurement uncertainty has been determined and is available in the laboratory. On request, the data will be transmitted.

The RSD of the control sample is less than 10%.

Institute for Applied Chromatography Haven 407 Polderdijkweg 16 B-2030 AntwerpenPage 2 of 5

SGS Belgium NV


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8




Determination of Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)



(ng/kg)

WHO-TEF WHO-TEQ

(ng/kg)

Non-ortho PCBs

3,4,4',5-TeCB (PCB #81) <25 0.0003 < 0.0074

3,3',4,4'-TeCB (PCB #77) 140 0.0001 0.014

3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #126) <12 0.1 < 1.2

3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (PCB #169) <12 0.03 < 0.37

Mono-ortho PCBs

2',3,4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #123) <50 0.00003 < 0.0015

2,3',4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #118) <500 0.00003 < 0.015

2,3,4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #114) <50 0.00003 < 0.0015

2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB (PCB #105) <250 0.00003 < 0.0074

2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (PCB #167) <250 0.00003 < 0.0074

2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB (PCB #156) <250 0.00003 < 0.0074

2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB (PCB #157) <50 0.00003 < 0.0015

2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-HpCB (PCB #189) <50 0.00003 < 0.0015

Total 0.014 - 1.7

The TEQ values have been calculated using the WHO-2005 toxicity equivalence factors (TEF) according to Martin Van den Berg et al . (Toxicological

Sciences,7 July 2006).




SGS Belgium NV


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8


Recovery standards - 2,3,7,8 substituted PCDF's and PCDD's



Recovery extraction standards

Component Recovery

13C-extraction standards

(%)

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDF 60.9

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDD 61.4

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 58.4

13C-2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 63.5

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 69.4

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 74.7

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 65.3

13C-2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 69.5

13C-1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 62.2

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 85.9

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 73.2

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 62.3

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 47.0

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 61.8

13C-OCDF 41.2

13C-OCDD 49.4


SGS Belgium NV


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8


Recovery standards - Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)




Component Recovery


(%)

Non-ortho PCBs

13C-3,4,4',5-TeCB (PCB #81) 76.3

13C-3,3',4,4-TeCB (PCB #77) 80.2

13C-3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #126) 88.8

13C-3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (PCB #169) 80.0

Mono-ortho PCBs

13C-2',3,4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #123) 78.6

13C-2,3',4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #118) 75.5

13C-2,3,4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #114) 85.4

13C-2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB (PCB #105) 80.2

13C-2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (PCB #167) 60.9

13C-2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB (PCB #156) 70.2

13C-2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB (PCB #157) 68.4

13C-2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-HpCB (PCB #189) 79.5


SGS Belgium NV


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8

ANALYTICAL REPORT

GP19-24100

LABORATORY DETAILS

Laboratory

Manager

Address

Telephone

Facsimile

Email

SGS Reference

Date Reported

+31 (0) 88 214 62 00

+31 (0) 88 214 62 99

[email protected]

03-09-2019

Spoorstraat 12

Postbus 78


GP19-24100

Received 01-08-2019

CLIENT DETAILS

Client

Address

Telephone

Facsimile

Email

Project

Order Number

Contact K. Mullins


Standard project

IBA dd 26-07-2019


4 Dublin Ireland

[email protected]

Rudi Herman


SGS Belgium NV


GP19-24100.001 IBA dd 26-07-2019

COMMENTS



SIGNATORIES

Rudi Herman








SGS Belgium NV




url www.be.sgs.com


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8

ANALYTICAL REPORT

GP19-24100

Sample Number GP19-24100.001

Matrix Solid waste

Sample Depth

Sampled By R. Collins

Sample Date 26-07-2019

Sample Location

Sample Received Date 01-08-2019

Parameter Unit RL Result


0.20wt % db 0.88E Total Organic Carbon


0.050mg/kg db <0.050Mercury non volatle


1.5mg/kg db 75Antimony

4.0mg/kg db 10Arsenic

20mg/kg db 990Barium

0.20mg/kg db 8.9Cadmium

10mg/kg db 150Chrome

3.0mg/kg db 55Cobalt

5.0mg/kg db 14000Copper

10mg/kg db 1300Lead

5.0mg/kg db 1000Manganese

1.5mg/kg db 12Molybdenum

4.0mg/kg db 130Nickel

1.5mg/kg db <1.5Selene

1.0mg/kg db <1.0Thallium

1.5mg/kg db 220Tin

10mg/kg db 51Vanadium

20mg/kg db 3500Zinc


50- see attachmentDioxines, Furanes, Dioxin like PCB


1.0mg/kg db <10Fluoride

20mg/kg db 4400Chloride

20mg/kg db 250Sulphate


-wt % 88.8Dry substance


-°C 20.3Temperature pH-measurement

0.10- 12.0pH H2O

SGS Belgium NV




url www.be.sgs.com


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8

ANALYTICAL REPORT

GP19-24100

APPENDIX


All samples were delivered at the laboratory preserved in a correct way.

TECHNICAL REMARKS

GP19-24100.001 - IBA dd 26-07-2019:

Anions, Fluoride_mgl: Due to the matrix, the reporting limit(s) was (were) raised.

SGS Belgium NV




url www.be.sgs.com


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8

SGS NEDERLAND BV

Attn: afdeling Customer Services

Spoorstraat 12, 4431 NK

Postbus 78

4430AB 'S GRAVENPOLDER


Your reference: GRV - GP19-24100.001

Number of samples: 1

Date of receipt: 06/08/2019

Identification of the samples:

IAC19-05915.001 - GP19-24100.001 IBA dd 26-07-2019 (Fly-ash)

Analytical results:

Determination of 2,3,7,8 substituted PCDF's and PCDD's(HRGC/HRMS; ECO/AV/IAC/014)

B

Determination of Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)(HRGC/HRMS; ECO/AV/IAC/015)

B

The analyses marked with B are Belac ISO17025 accredited (N.005-TEST)

ISO17025 (N.005-TEST)

I.A.C., a division of SGS Belgium NV

Sven Herremans

Technical Manager

ANTWERP, 03/09/2019

Unless otherwise agreed, all orders and documents are executed and issued in accordance with our General Conditions. Upon simple request the conditions will again be sent to you. Attention is drawn to the limitation of liability, indemnification and jurisdiction issues defined therein. Any holder of this document is advised that information contained hereon reflects SGS Belgium’s findings at the time of its intervention only and within the limits of Client’s instructions , if any. SGS Belgium’s sole responsibility is to its Client and this document does not exonerate parties to a transaction from exercising all their rights and obligations under the transaction documents. Any unauthorized alteration, forgery or falsification of the content or appearance of this document is unlawful and offenders may be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law.A description of the used analytical methods , the identity of the external laboratories for the marked (E) analyses and the uncertainty of measurement of analyses are available upon request. Possible mentioned norms or criteria are made in accordance with the client.

Institute for Applied Chromatography Haven 407 Polderdijkweg 16 B-2030 Antwerpen

Member of the SGS Group (Société Générale de Surveillance)Registred Office : Noorderlaan 87 2030 Antwerpen H.R. Antwerpen 141 810 BTW BE 404.882.750 Citibank BE87 5701 3412 5594

All orders are executed only in accordance with our General Conditions, deposited with the Antwerp Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

Page 1 of 5SGS Belgium NV


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8



Your reference: GP19-24100.001 IBA dd 26-07-2019

Determination of 2,3,7,8 substituted PCDF's and PCDD's



(ng/kg)

I-TEF I-TEQ

(ng/kg)

2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.1<7.5 < 0.75

2,3,7,8-TCDD 1<7.5 < 7.5

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 0.05<7.5 < 0.37

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 0.5<7.5 < 3.7

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 0.5<7.5 < 3.7

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 0.111 1.1

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1<7.5 < 0.75

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1<7.5 < 0.75

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 0.1<7.5 < 0.75

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 0.1<7.5 < 0.75

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 0.1<7.5 < 0.75

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 0.1<7.5 < 0.75

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 0.01<12 < 0.12

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 0.01<12 < 0.12

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 0.01<12 < 0.12

OCDF 0.001<25 < 0.025

OCDD 0.001<25 < 0.025

Total 1.1 - 22

The TEQ values have been calculated using the toxicity equivalence factors according to J .A. van Zorge et al. (Chemosphere 19 (1989), 1881-1895).




SGS Belgium NV


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8




Determination of Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)



(ng/kg)

WHO-TEF WHO-TEQ

(ng/kg)

Non-ortho PCBs

3,4,4',5-TeCB (PCB #81) <5.0 0.0003 < 0.0015

3,3',4,4'-TeCB (PCB #77) <10 0.0001 < 0.0010

3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #126) <2.5 0.1 < 0.25

3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (PCB #169) <2.5 0.03 < 0.075

Mono-ortho PCBs

2',3,4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #123) <10 0.00003 < 0.00030

2,3',4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #118) <100 0.00003 < 0.0030

2,3,4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #114) <10 0.00003 < 0.00030

2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB (PCB #105) <50 0.00003 < 0.0015

2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (PCB #167) <50 0.00003 < 0.0015

2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB (PCB #156) <50 0.00003 < 0.0015

2,3,3',4,4',5'-HxCB (PCB #157) <10 0.00003 < 0.00030

2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-HpCB (PCB #189) <10 0.00003 < 0.00030

Total < 0.34

The TEQ values have been calculated using the WHO-2005 toxicity equivalence factors (TEF) according to Martin Van den Berg et al . (Toxicological

Sciences,7 July 2006).




SGS Belgium NV


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8


Recovery standards - 2,3,7,8 substituted PCDF's and PCDD's




Component Recovery


(%)

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDF 92.0

13C-2,3,7,8-TCDD 83.8

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 96.8

13C-2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 96.4

13C-1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 100

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 99.5

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 89.0

13C-2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 98.1

13C-1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 97.9

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 107

13C-1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 95.4

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 108

13C-1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 87.0

13C-1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 110

13C-OCDF 77.7

13C-OCDD 91.8


SGS Belgium NV


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 8


Recovery standards - Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)




Component Recovery


(%)

Non-ortho PCBs

13C-3,4,4',5-TeCB (PCB #81) 76.9

13C-3,3',4,4-TeCB (PCB #77) 82.2

13C-3,3',4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #126) 77.1

13C-3,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (PCB #169) 69.7

Mono-ortho PCBs

13C-2',3,4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #123) 75.7

13C-2,3',4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #118) 74.7

13C-2,3,4,4',5-PeCB (PCB #114) 81.5

13C-2,3,3',4,4'-PeCB (PCB #105) 76.1

13C-2,3',4,4',5,5'-HxCB (PCB #167) 55.0

13C-2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB (PCB #156) 65.4

13C-2,3,3',4,4',5-HxCB (PCB #157) 63.8

13C-2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-HpCB (PCB #189) 81.3


SGS Belgium NV


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 3

PRELIMINARY REPORT

GP19-30884

LABORATORY DETAILS

Laboratory

Manager

Address

Telephone

Facsimile

Email

SGS Reference

Date Reported

+31 (0) 88 214 62 00

+31 (0) 88 214 62 99

[email protected]

16-10-2019

Spoorstraat 12

Postbus 78


GP19-30884

Received 27-09-2019

CLIENT DETAILS

Client

Address

Telephone

Facsimile

Email

Project

Order Number

Contact K. Mullins


Standard project

IBA dd 16/30-08/21-09-2019


4 Dublin Ireland

[email protected]

Rudi Herman


SGS Belgium NV


GP19-30884.001 IBA dd 16-08-2019

GP19-30884.002 IBA dd 30-08-2019

GP19-30884.003 IBA dd 21-09-2019

COMMENTS



This is an interim report. Final QC checks are yet to be completed.

SIGNATORIES

Rudi Herman






If the sample(s) to which the findings recorded herein (the ‘Findings’) relate was (were) drawn and / or provided by the Client or by a third party acting at the Client’s direction, then the findings constitute no

warranty of the sample’s representativeness of any goods and strictly relate to the sample (s). SGS accepts no liability regarding the origin or source from which the sample (s) is/are said to be extracted.



SGS Belgium NV




url www.be.sgs.com


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 3

PRELIMINARY REPORT

GP19-30884

Sample Number GP19-30884.001 GP19-30884.002 GP19-30884.003

Matrix Solid waste Solid waste Solid waste

Sample Depth

Sampled By R. Collins R. Collins R. Collins

Sample Date

Sample Location

Sample Received Date 27-09-2019 27-09-2019 27-09-2019

Parameter Unit RL Result Result Result


0.20wt % db 1.1 0.67 0.94E Total Organic Carbon


0.050mg/kg db 0.061 0.059 <0.050Mercury non volatle


1.5mg/kg db 78 74 87Antimony

4.0mg/kg db 9.4 8.0 9.1Arsenic

20mg/kg db 920 920 1000Barium

0.20mg/kg db 13 4.5 4.8Cadmium

10mg/kg db 130 130 170Chrome

3.0mg/kg db 98 180 78Cobalt

5.0mg/kg db 3200 3900 4100Copper

10mg/kg db 960 630 1500Lead

5.0mg/kg db 1000 1100 1000Manganese

1.5mg/kg db 10 11 11Molybdenum

4.0mg/kg db 130 420 350Nickel

1.5mg/kg db <1.5 <1.5 <1.5Selene

1.0mg/kg db <1.0 <1.0 <1.0Thallium

1.5mg/kg db 280 140 110Tin

10mg/kg db 47 52 50Vanadium

20mg/kg db 3400 2400 3000Zinc


50- --- --- ---Dioxines, Furanes, Dioxin like PCB


1.0mg/kg db <10 <10 14Fluoride

20mg/kg db 4200 5900 5900Chloride

20mg/kg db 2600 1400 580Sulphate


-wt % 88.1 88.0 89.5Dry substance


-°C 19.8 19.8 19.8Temperature pH-measurement

0.10- 12.4 12.0 12.0pH H2O

SGS Belgium NV




url www.be.sgs.com


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

/ 3

PRELIMINARY REPORT

GP19-30884

APPENDIX


Differences with the guidelines for the preservation and handling of samples have been observed and these may have influenced the reported

analytical results.

Regarding all samples:

Sampling date is unknown. Therefore the preservation terms cannot be guaranteed.

TECHNICAL REMARKS

GP19-30884.001 - IBA dd 16-08-2019:


GP19-30884.002 - IBA dd 30-08-2019:


SGS Belgium NV




url www.be.sgs.com


For

insp

ectio

n pur

pose

s only

.

Conse

nt of

copy

right

owne

r req

uired

for a

ny ot

her u

se.

EPA Export 25-04-2020:11:03:23

DWtE - Characterisation and Classification of IBA · 2020-01-21 · CLP Regulation (EC) No...

Documents

Transcript of DWtE - Characterisation and Classification of IBA · 2020-01-21 · CLP Regulation (EC) No...