Due to repeated threats by the British , Madison led the nation into the War of 1812.
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Transcript of Due to repeated threats by the British , Madison led the nation into the War of 1812.
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Due to repeated threats by the British, Madison led the nation into the War of 1812.
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Although France and Britain both threatened U.S. ships between 1805 and 1814, Americans
focused their anger on the British.
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One reason was the British policy of impressment, the practice of seizing Americans at sea and
“impressing,” or drafting them into the British navy.
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The British were also blockading the American coast—which stopped shipping from coming in or going out—and really
hurt the small and fledgling American businesses.
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Americans grew even angrier after learning that officials in British Canada were supplying weapons to Native Americans
to use in their ongoing battle against American settlers.
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Members of the Federalist Party, based primarily in New England, were against the war
because they thought it would disrupt their business and shipping interests even more. They were so angry at the discussion of war that they held the Hartford Convention where
New England threatened to secede!
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But a group of young congressmen from the South and the West, known as the warhawks,
demanded war.
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What were some of the benefits of going to war with Britain?
To allow reopening of trade National Pride To stop the impressment of sailors CANADA!!!
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What were some drawbacks to going to war?
Not everyone in the US wanted to go to war
Military was small Standing Army was small Militia comprised most of our forces, and they
did not like to fight outside of their state borders
Navy was quite small only 22 ships Britain was a great Superpower and could
crush us like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase
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Declaration of War
June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war
Vote was split along regional lines
War started with Invasion of Canada
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The British scored a stunning victory in August of 1814, when they brushed aside American troops and sacked Washington,
D.C.—burning the White House!!!
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Madison and other federal officers fled the city as the British burned the Capitol, the Presidential
Mansion, and other public buildings.
Dolly Madison, however, became a hero when she saved the famous portrait of George Washington by the artist Gilbert Stuart.
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Oh Say Can You See… Unlike Washington, D.C., Baltimore was ready for the British.
After bombarding Fort McHenry on September 13, 1814, the British abandoned the attack.
Francis Scott Key was being held prisoner on a British ship in the harbor and witnessed the bombardment all night long unable to tell who was winning and who was losing the battle. As the night wore on, only through the light of bursting bombshells could he see the American flag at times. As the sun rose, he could see the American flag still flying above the fort! He later wrote a poem about the moment which became our National Anthem.
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The most impressive American victory occurred at the
Battle of New Orleans.
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Battle of New Orleans
Fought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified)
Why was New Orleans important?
Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troops
Made Andrew Jackson a national hero and household name
Ensured treaty ratification
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Ironically, British and American diplomats had already signed a peace agreement before the Battle of New Orleans, but the news of the pact had not reached
Jackson in time. The Treaty of Ghent, signed on Christmas Eve, 1814,
declared an armistice, or end to the fighting.
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The war had three important consequences.
First, it led to the end of the Federalist party, whose members generally opposed the war.
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Second, it encouraged the growth of American industries to manufacture products no longer
available from Britain because of the war.
The British blockade and the War of 1812 led to the creation of a cotton-manufacturing industry and numerous manufacturing
establishments were founded (particularly in the North), leaving the United States industrially independent of Europe!
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Third, it confirmed the status of the United States as a free and independent nation.
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