However, De Kadt argues that policymakers should not simply distinguish between alternative tourism, which must meet high standards of social and environmental impact, and tourism in general, the negative impacts of which they might allow to continue. He contends that "rather than contrasting alternative and 'mass' tourism, policy-makers concerned with tourism development should strive to make the conventional more sustainable". De Kadt suggests they take a cue from the more general literature on "alternative" development, which proposes styles of development for the entire economy and which tend to be more community-responsive, smaller in scale, and ecologically sustainable than traditional modes of development (1990, cited by Healy, 1992b). AsKutay (1989) remarks, ecotourism can be seen as a model of development in which natural areas are planned as part of the tourism economic base, and biological resources and ecological processes clearly linked to social and economic sectors. Tuy nhin, De Kadt lp lun rng nhng nh hoch nh chnh sch khng nn ch n gin l phn bit gia du lch thay th v du lch ni chung, m phi p ng nhng tiu chun cao v tc ng n x hi v mi trng, cc tc ng tiu cc ca n c th cho php tip tc. ng cho rng "thay v tng phn v thay th 'hng lot' du lch, cc nh lm chnh sch c lin quan n s pht trin du lch cn phi c gng lm cho nhng g thuc v truyn thng c bn vng hn". De Kadt cho thy du lch c nhiu s gi cho vn hc ni chung vo pht trin "thay th", trong xut cc hnh thc pht trin cho ton b nn kinh t v c xu hng c nhiu p ng ca cng ng, nh hn v quy m, v sinh thi bn vng hn so vi cc phng thc pht trin truyn thng (nm 1990, trch dn bi Healy, 1992b). AsKutay (1989) nhn xt, du lch sinh thi c th c xem nh l mt m hnh pht trin, trong cc vng t nhin c ln k hoch nh l mt phn ca cc c s kinh t, du lch, ti nguyn sinh vt v qu trnh sinh thi gn kt r rng vi cc lnh vc kinh t v x hi.

Vd: p ng nhng tiu chun cao v tc ng n x hi v mi trng, cc tc ng tiu cc ca n c th cho php tip tcDu lch l ngnh cng nghip tiu th nc nhiu, thm ch tiu hao ngun nc sinh hot hn c nhu cu nc sinh hot ca a phng.Nc thi: Nu nh khng c h thng thu gom nc thi cho khch sn, nh hng th nc thi s ngm xung bn nc ngm hoc cc thu vc ln cn (sng, h, bin), lm lan truyn nhiu loi dch bnh nh giun sn, ng rut, bnh ngoi da, bnh mt hoc lm nhim cc thu vc gy hi cho cnh quan v nui trng thy sn.Rc thi: Vt rc thi ba bi l vn chung ca mi khu du lch. y l nguyn nhn gy mt cnh quan, mt v sinh, nh hng n sc kho cng ng v ny sinh xung t x hi. nhim khng kh: Tuy c coi l ngnh "cng nghip khng khi", nhng du lch c th gy nhim kh thng qua pht x kh thi ng c xe my v tu thuyn, c bit l cc trng im v trc giao thng chnh, gy hi cho cy ci, ng vt hoang di v cc cng trnh xy dng bng vi v b tng.Nng lng: Tiu th nng lng trong khu du lch thng khng hiu qu v lng ph. nhim ting n: Ting n t cc phng tin giao thng v du khch c th gy phin h cho c dn a phng v cc du khch khc k c ng vt hoang di. nhim phong cnh: nhim phong cnh c th c gy ra do khch sn nh hng c kin trc xu x th kch, vt liu p lt khng ph hp, b tr cc dch v thiu khoa hc, s dng qu nhiu phng tin qung co nht l cc phng tin xu x, dy in, ct in trn lan, bo dng km i vi cc cng trnh xy dng v cnh quan. Pht trin du lch hn n, pha tp, ln xn l mt trong nhng hot ng gy suy thoi mi trng t hi nht. (vd nh B N n)

Lm nhiu lon sinh thi: Vic pht trin hot ng du lch thiu kim sot c th tc ng ln t (xi mn, trt l), lm bin ng cc ni c tr, e do cc loi ng thc vt hoang di (ting n, sn bt, cung ng tht th rng, th nhi bng, cn trng...). Xy dng ng giao thng v khu cm tri gy cn tr ng vt hoang di di chuyn tm mi, kt i hoc sinh sn, ph hoi rn san h do khai thc mu vt, c cnh hoc neo u tu thuyn...

Chuyn dch c cu kinh t, lm thay i mi trng x hi c bn. mt vng trc y cha c du lch th dn c ch yu hot ng trong nng nghip chng hn, nhng khi c s pht trin du lch th c cu kinh t bt u chuyn qua khi dch v cao hn. ng thi, khi pht trin du lch th ko theo nhiu vn x hi do tp trung mt s lng ln ngi ti mt khu vc nht nh.

Du lch c nhiu s gi cho vn hc ni chungGia nm 1958, Huy Cn c chuyn i thc t (hnh thc du lch) di ngy vng m Qung Ninh. T chuyn i thc t ny, hn th Huy Cn mi thc s ny n tr li v di do trong cm hng v thin nhin t nc, v lao ng v nim vui trc cuc sng mi. Bi on thuyn nh c c sng tc trong thi gian ny.Cc nh lm chnh sch c lin quan n s pht trin du lch cn phi c gng lm cho nhng g thuc v truyn thng c bn vng hn (cng ching Ty Nguyn)

Ly bi sau phn tch DLST nVi nhng ngha tch cc, du lch sinh thi c khuyn khch pht trin ti nhiu nc trn th gii. Vit Nam cng vy. Song, do nhn thc cha ng, loi hnh du lch ny ang pht trin kh t, mnh ai ny lm, trong khi cng tc qun l cn nhiu hn ch, yu km. Thc trng y gy ra khng t h ly.Hiu ng v du lch sinh thiCon ngi ngy cng c xu hng tm v vi thin nhin nh tm v vi ci r, cho nn la chn loi hnh du lch sinh thi (DLST). Nhng vic khai thc loi hnh ny l mt thch thc, cng nh cn hiu sao cho ng hnh ng ng cng c qu nhiu vn phi bn. Vy DLST l g? Hin c rt nhiu cch hiu khc nhau. Tuy nhin, soi chiu vo nm c im khi nim ca DLST m T chc Du lch Th gii (UNWTO) c kt, th y l loi hnh du lch i hi nhng ngha v bo tn, gio dc v ng gp cho a phng mc cao hn ca loi hnh du lch thin nhin (nature tourism - loi hnh du lch vi ng c chnh l quan st v cao thin nhin) n thun.DLST, theo ng ngha ca n, khng p ng yu cu ca mi khch du lch m ch dnh cho nhng ngi tht s ly gi tr sinh thi lm mc tiu ca chuyn i. Khng ch n gin l "thng thc thin nhin" mt cch thiu thc, m i hi con ngi phi bit tn trng, hc hi v gn gi thin nhin. Qua , c nhng hnh ng c th bo tn thin nhin v vn ha ca ngi dn, em li li ch kinh t - vn ha - x hi cho cng ng a phng. Khi , con ngi c thng thc, thu nhn c nhng bi hc su sc v thin nhin, con ngi v h sinh thi.Nu hiu mt cch ng n nh vy, th nhiu m hnh DLST nc ta ang i chch ngha ca t ny. Ngha l, cng hng ti thng thc cc gi tr thin nhin, nhng hnh ng ca con ngi li khng tn trng, gn gi thin nhin. Cho nn u , ngi ta em tht th rng, chim tri ra lm "sn phm du lch sinh thi", i "thc khch sinh thi". u , nhng khu sinh thi ni khch du lch i qua li y rc, gy nhim mi trng. nhiu ni, ngi ta cht ph cy rng, o p thay i cnh quan, hy sinh h sinh thi tht xy dng h sinh thi nhn to, gi, ho nhong. Nhiu c s khng quan tm ti vic hn ch nhim mi trng hay nhng nh hng do du lch em ti.Khng ch hiu sai v nhn thc cha ng v DLST, ngay kin thc v t nhin, mi trng sinh thi cng l l hng ln i vi khng ch du khch, ngi tham gia khai thc hot ng ny m k c cc nh qun l. Bi th, ngi ta kh c th nh gi ht gi tr ca thin nhin, sinh thi v hiu cch bo tn nhng gi tr .Trch nhim khng ca ring aiVic cn lm ngay, nu khng s mun, l phi hiu ng, hiu v DLST. Trn c s , t mi ngi tham gia hot ng DLST n cc c quan qun l cn c nhng hnh ng v vic lm thit thc nhm gim thiu nhng yu km, bt cp tn ng, ng thi tht s nu cao trch nhim trc cuc sng v t nhin.Thc t ng lo ngi hin nay l hu ht cc hot ng DLST cn nng tnh "n xi". Trc ht i vi du khch, khng t ngi mun "thng thc" cnh quan v sn vt thin nhin nhanh nht, nhiu nht, sm nht v thm ch l l nht m khng quan tm ti trch nhim ca mnh trong vic trn trng, gn gi v bo tn sinh thi. Cn cc cng ty, cc h kinh doanh dch v du lch v c ngi dn a phng ang khai thc kit qu sn vt thin nhin th chnh l th phm ph hoi cnh quan, y nhiu loi ng thc vt ti nguy c tuyt dit. Chng ta cn nhn thc rng, sinh thi t nhin l ti sn v gi tr chung, khng ai c quyn lm tn thng. Nhng kiu "khai thc v thng thc" thin nhin mt cch v trch nhim nh cp, cn c ln n trn cc phng tin truyn thng. ng thi Nh nc cn c c ch pht nng nhng hnh ng ph hoi sinh thi, nhm nng cao thc khai thc gn vi bo v mi trng.Mt thch thc ln trong pht trin DLST l trch nhim ca c quan qun l. nhiu ni, hot ng DLST mang tnh t pht, khng ng sinh thi m nhiu nm vn c hot ng, khng b nhc nh. Vai tr ca cc nh qun l u? C th ni, chnh vic hn ch v nhn thc, s bung lng v qun l, cng vi vic thiu ch ti, lm ny sinh nhng cch lm thiu t chc v suy ngh ngn hn, dn ti nhng hnh ng ph hoi thin nhin. Thc t cng cho thy, nu c qun l tt, hot ng DLST s ng gp tch cc vo vic bo tn, thng qua vic em li thu nhp phc v cng tc bo tn, cng nh li ch cho cng ng. Ngay ti cc vn quc gia, cc khu bo tn, pht trin DLST cng gip thc hin chc nng gio dc ca cc c s ny.Hng ti pht trin bn vngVi tim nng to ln v t nhin, cng vi nhu cu thc t ca cuc sng, pht trin DLST l tt yu v chc chn ngy cng c m rng ti Vit Nam. Lm sao pht trin DLST mt cch bn vng l mt bi ton kh, nhng khng phi thiu cch gii, nu ngay by gi, thc v trch nhim du khch, ngi kinh doanh, cng ng a phng v c c quan qun l cc cp u c nu cao. Tip theo, hng trm im DLST mc ln khng ng tiu chun cng nh khi nim nhn vn ca loi hnh ny, cn c iu chnh. Cng l nhng hnh ng cp thit nhm bo tn h sinh thi ca hng trm im khc trn c nc ang c nguy c v b ph hoi mt phn. Mt vn khc cng v cng quan trng l trang b kin thc v mi trng, bo v mi trng, bo v thin nhin v gn gi h sinh thi cho nhng c s kinh doanh, ngi qun l im n v c du khch. H cn hiu nhng gi tr thin nhin v sinh thi ti a phng mnh, nhng ri ro tim tng cng nh nhng tc ng tch cc v tiu cc ca du lch i vi h sinh thi.Cui cng, vic iu tit khai thc, iu tit li ch gia cc bn cng cn c ch trng. Cc hip hi du lch, cu lc b DLST nn ng ra lm trng ti, cc c quan truyn thng gp phn vo vic gim st, tuyn truyn gip ngi dn hiu r cht lng cng nh gi tr tht ca cc im DLST. cng l c s c quan chc nng qun l cht ch, kp thi ngn chn v x l nghim nhng hot ng DLST sai tri, gp phn nh hng cho loi hnh du lch ny pht trin bn vng.