Trần Văn Thái-DH8D

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Trần Văn Thái-DH8D

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CONTENTS

I. THREE MAIN MISTAKES IN WRITING1. Vietnamese-English translation2. Grammar3. Styles

II. GUIDELINES

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VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Translating word by word from Vietnamese into English (using bilingual dictionary)This causes grammar and

vocabulary mistakesReaders cannot understand

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1. He is difficult.Difficult unsociable (strict)

2. We took a bath in the sea when we went to Ha Tien Beach.

Took a bath swam

EXAMPLES OF WORD BY WORD TRANSLATION

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Wrong verb tenses Misuse of confusing structures Adjective order Position of adverbs Run-on sentences Fragment sentences Subject-verb agreement Using articles

COMMON GRAMMAR MISTAKES

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EX: Before the Second Word War Einstein has discovered his

famous formula E=MC2

Has discovered had discovered

TENSES OF VERB

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CONFUSING STRUCTURES

EX: “USE TO” / “TO BE USE TO”- Men are used to believing in their

superiority over women- Men used to believe in their

superiority over women

Writers misuse grammar structures that have similar forms but different

meanings

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ADJECTIVE ORDERA large old oval painting

5. COLOR (green/black/red)

A small square black and white photograph

6. WHERE FROM (French/Russia/Vietnamese)An ugly modern American car

7. MATERIAL MADE OF (silver/paper/plastic)

A pink Japanese silk blouse

1. OPINION(enjoyable/horrible/boring)

An enjoyable film

2. DIMENSION (SIZE)(large/tiny/heavy)

A disgusting little insect

3. AGE(old/young/modern)

A beautiful tall young woman

4. SHAPE(round/square/rectangular)

NOTE: do not use more than three adjectives before a noun

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ADVERB ORDER1. Adv. of PLACE + Adv. of TIMZ

I go for a walk round the park every day

2. Adv. of PLACE + Adv. of MANNER + Adv. of TIME

I go for a walk round the park very slowly every day

3.Adv. of PLACE + Adv. of MANNER + Adv. of FREQUENCY + Adv. TIME

I go for a walk round the park very slowly twice every day

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FRAGMENTSWrong: He was very happy. Because he had passed

the examRight: He was very happy because he…SPLITTING OF INFINITIVESPoor: I told him to carefully drive on slippery street.Better: I told him to drive carefully on slippery street.PLURAL / SINGULAR NOUNSWrong: If a pupil studies hard, they will pass the

examRight: If a pupil studies hard, he or she will pass the

exam Or If pupils study hard, they will pass the exam

COMMON MISTAKES IN SENTENCE CONSTRUCTION

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MISTAKES OF WRITING STYLES

1. Formal Informal writing style

2. Directness

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Express your ideas clearly Write good sentences which

show UnityCoherenceEmphasis

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Use sentence patterns Think in english as much as possible Reduce the use bilingual dictionary Write drafts Check & correct mistakes

VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATION

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Organise your ideas carefully Learn and practice grammar structures “Do not write over three lines each sentence!” Read a lot Writing journalWriting journal

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GUIDELINES

1. VARY SENTENCE LENGTH AND PATTERNSEX: I have a little brother. His name is Tom. He’s now in the eighth form. His fovourite subject at school is English.

I have a little brother whose name is Tom. He is now in the eighth form and his favourite subject is English.

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GUIDELINES

2. USE COORDINATION, COMPOUNDING, SUBORDINATION, REDUCTION…

EX: Poor: He is not a good pupil. He passed the examination successfully.Better: He is not a good pupil, but he passed the examination successfully.Weak: He got good marks in the exam. His parents rewarded him.Clear: His parent rewarded him when he got good mark in the exam.

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On-line resources for writersOn-line resources for writers

http:// owl. trc. purdue. edu/ by-topic.htmlhttp:// owl. trc. purdue. edu/ by-topic.html http://www.coe.uncc.edu/~brmattin/http://www.coe.uncc.edu/~brmattin/

adds.htmladds.htmlhttp://webserver.maclab.comp.uvic.ca/ http://webserver.maclab.comp.uvic.ca/

writersguide/writersguide/Essay/ EssaysTOC. htmlEssay/ EssaysTOC. html http:// sti.larc. nasa. gov/ http:// sti.larc. nasa. gov/

html/Chapt3/Chapt3-TOC.htmlhtml/Chapt3/Chapt3-TOC.htmlhttp://www. hut. fi. / ~rvilmi / LangHelp/ http://www. hut. fi. / ~rvilmi / LangHelp/

Writing/Writing/

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LOGOwww.themegallery.com

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TECHNIQUES FOR SPELLING IMPROVEMENT

STUDY THE CORRECT SPELLING OF A NEW WORD CAREFULLYLOOK AT IT ATTENTIVELYPRONOUNCE IT ALOUDSYLLABLE BY SYLLABLETRY TO SEE THE PRINTED WORD IN

YOUR MINDALLOW YOURSELF TO CHECK THE

SPEELING THAT YOU ARE UNSURE.

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TECHNIQUES FOR SPELLING IMPROVEMENT MASTER A LIST OF MISSPELLED

WORDSINCORRECT SPELLING

CORRECT SPEELING

POINTS TO REMEMBER

alwrite all right right (wrong)comparision comparison son (father)adress address two ‘d’s

Practice writing these troublesome words several times.

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TECHNIQUES FOR SPELLING IMPROVEMENT

MASTER THE RULES OF SPELLING. IN SPITE OF EXEPTIONS, THOSE RULES ARE TRUE

MOST OF THE TIME1.THE FINAL “Y” RULE2.THE FINAL “E” RULE

3.RULE FOR DOUBLING A FINAL CONSONANT

4.RULES FOR FORMING PLURALS5.THE IE-EI RULE

1

The final "y" rule

ending in consonant + "y"

change "y""i"+

suffixstudy + ous =

studious

Note: suffix -ingkeep

"y"+suffix

study + ing = studying

2

The final "e" rule

suffix begins with a vowel

drop "e"+suffi

xwrite + ing =

writing

suffix begins with a

consonant

keep "e"+suffi

xuse + less =

useless

3

Doubling a final

consonant

only one syllable drop+ing=

droppingstressed on the

last syllabledouble

the finalbig+est=bigges

tending in

"vowel+consonant"

consonant+

suffixadmit+ing=admitting

suffix starts with a vowel refer+ed=

referred

4

Rule for Forming Plurals

in general add -s roadroads

ending in -s, -ss, -z, -sh, -ch add -es dish

dishedending in

consonant+"y"

change "y""i"+"-

es"skyskie

s

ending in vowel+"y"

keep "y"+"-s"

monkeymonkeys

ending in "f" change

"f""v"+"-es"

leafleaves

ending in "o" add "-es" tomatotomatoes

Note:

musical terms (solo, piano,

alto) add "-s"

solosolospianopian

osending in vowel+"o"

radioradios

combined words or

hyphenated compounds

add "-s"mother-in-

law mothers-in-

law

special plurals

manmentoothteethsheepshee

p

5

The ie-ei rule

”i” and ”e” (same

syllable)

pronounced /i/ write “ie”

niecechief

not pronounce /i/

write “ei”

eightheight

AGE HEIGHT BUILD EYES COMPLEXI-ON (skin)

OldYoung

In his/her

30’sMiddle aged

…

1,70mAverage height

TallShortishMedium height

…

FatThinSlim

PlumpStout

Chubby…

BlueBrownDarkBlackHazel

…

BlackBrownWhiteRuddyOlive-

skinned…

HAIRCOLOR, HAIRSTYLE, FACE, DISTINGUISHING FEATURES, PERSONALITY, DRESS, ACCESSORIES,

MOOD/FEEL, HOBBIES, FAMILY BACKGROUND…

DISCRIBING PEOPLE

PERSONALITYaggressiveamusing

calmneat fashionable shy

talkativerefined

optimisticpessimisticmousey

reliable elegant “spunky”

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