ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE

IN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SECURITY

THEIR CRITICAL ROLE IN HOMELAND SECURITY

The power of a King lies in his mighty arms …Security of the citizens at peace time is very important because State is the only saviour of the men and women who get affected only because of the negligence of the State.

— Chanakya

B arring the occasional hiccups on the Line of Control or Chinese intrusions on the Line of Actual Control, the country is far more focused on its internal security problems. The issues with terrorism and Naxalism are a constant source of news within the country. The recent arrest of Tunda the bomb maker for Pakistan based jihadi groups is a case in point. He occupies more news space in the papers than any other national security related subject. It is safe, therefore,

to say that the biggest challenge facing India currently is that of internal security. The external environment may not exactly be the most benign, internal security is a bigger challenge than the external, by a mile at least.

The twin challenges of terrorism and naxalism demand far greater attention than the country has actually devoted to them thus far. Granted there is greater news space but that is fl eeting attention. The attention that is demanded is that which produces solutions and antidotes. Newspaper space is alright as a source of information and its dissemination. It is not policy formulation, which remains the greatest requirement currently as far as internal security is concerned. It is the policy formulation on terrorism and its counters, as well as Naxalism and its solutions, that the country needs urgently. What goes as policy is uncoordinated and unsteady. There is an urgent need to analyse what it is that the country needs to confront the twin threats of terrorism and Naxalism. The usual suspects will of course come up – intelligence sharing and coordination, centre-state cooperation et al. The one that invariably comes up last is quality of manpower. Modernisation of weaponry comes much higher but not the manpower that is to handle the weapon. And in the current and future scheme of things the manpower that is most important is that of the Central Police Organisations.

Granted the state police is the fi rst force to confront the internal challenges. For, after all, they are on the scene all the time and have to be the fi rst response. But as is the case most often they are unable to handle the situation let alone contain it. And the country is compelled to deploy its CPOs.

Over a period of time Jammu and Kashmir Police has risen to the challenge and is now at the forefront of counter-terrorist operations in the state. But its manpower is limited in comparison to the threat of terrorism and insurgency in the state. It therefore needs back up, which comes in the form of the Army for hard operations and the CPOs for crowd control and other counter-terror operations. Similarly the various states confronting the spectre of Naxalism need the deployment of CPOs since their police personnel lack the numbers and the fi repower to deal with the left-wing insurgents. So now most times instead of the state police being the primary responder it is the CPO which has become the principal response of the Union of India. From being a back-up it is now the front arm of state.

Which behoves that the state treat it a primary arm and upgrade it as such. The issue of modernisation of the CPOs has been hanging fi re for far too long. Whatever that has been done has been sketchy and without a larger design. There are various facets that come under the gambit of modernisation and each is as important as the other. They complement the other, each other, to a signifi cant degree. The fi rst that naturally comes to mind is the issue of weapons. It became clear from the moment the Central Reserve Police Force lost an entire company in Dantewada that its quality of fi repower was inadequate. It isn’t only a question of the small arm that is being carried, but the supporting arms that is as important. Adequate attention has to be paid to that. Just as it is vital that intelligence available to the CPO in operations is current and actionable. For that human and technical intelligence are equally important. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles therefore become vital in this regard. All of these are dependent on better coordination with the local state police and administration. The massacre of Congress leaders is a case in point where a CRPF camp was within striking distance of the ambush site but there was no information with them that the convoy would pass the particularly risky route. The most important though is that of leadership and which remains the critically unaddressed aspect of CPO management. The current model is unsustainable but the solutions that come must be scientifi c and long-term not stop-gap and short-term.

editor-in-chief

DSA is as much yours, as it is ours!

Manvendra Singh

September 2013 DEFENCE AND SECURITY ALERT 1

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E very state’s most important role is to attain peace, happiness and prosperity for its people in all manner and for that it is the fi rst responsibility of the government to arrange the best ways to achieve this.

Police and security forces are the most important instruments responsible for the maintenance of the law and order and take care of the safety and security of the people.

We have the state police forces to handle any situation in their jurisdiction and we have the Central Police

Organisations (CPOs) which are deployed at the request of the state to contain riots and mass unrest in conjunction with the state police forces. The role of the CPOs is critical in the current situation because India is confronted by foreign instigated terrorism, the Naxal / Maoist movement and several separatist groups operating on its periphery especially in the north-east. The threats come from sources both external and internal.

It has become ever so important that our CPOs are capable of swift action to snuff out trouble in all its aspects be it communal tension, ethnic confl icts or parochialism and natural disasters. The CPO personnel are expected to be more effective and are trained for the purpose of imposing control and resorting to dissuasive action. Their exposure to complex situations is of a much higher degree than the state police and their equipment including fi rearms, crowd control gear and their general orientation is different from that of the provincial police. Currently we have some eight CPOs with a manpower strength of around one million personnel spread throughout the country manning all our international borders and guarding all our airports and important establishments. The special forces are committed to provide the best support to the Indian society. Some are always ready to reach anywhere in the country at the shortest notice to handle any riot, terrorist strike or natural calamity.

The dedication and the commitment of our CPOs is of the highest level and the leaders of these men are some of the best experienced professionals. Under their guidance each force is always ready to give its 100 per cent for the cause of peace, happiness and prosperity for each Indian. Their morale is always high in all situations. Even if they face many adverse situations such as post trauma stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychological ailments, they are ready to accept new challenges. Each of our CPOs personnel is a one man army and we have seen many instances in the past and recent times when they have actually proved their mettle.

The importance and the role of our CPOs have increased multifold in the last one decade but unfortunately the Ministry of Home Affairs has not done enough for the well-being of the personnel which is a matter of great concern. If they are not looked after well then how will they be able to maintain their high performance level to save and secure peace, happiness and prosperity for the Indian society in the current situation.

We are carrying candid interviews of the Director Generals of two very important Central Police Organisations – Border Security Force and the National Disaster Response Force – in this issue as token of our appreciation of their critical role in the service of the nation. This issue also highlights the importance of intelligence gathering in the present scenario. Our distinguished contributors have analysed the requirement of manpower and materials for internal security and the pursuit of peace and prosperity of our people at large. We have seen in the many attacks that have taken place over the years that it was the lack of good actionable intelligence that has hampered the working and operational effi ciency of the CPOs as well as the state police forces. This has allowed the Naxals, Maoists and other anti-national elements to commit heinous crimes against the security forces and kill innocent people.

In the month of August two terrorists Tunda and Bhatkal have been nabbed by our intelligence and police forces. A job well done deserving all appreciation. I am sure if our intelligence network is further improved and strengthened then our CPOs and other state police forces will perform more effi ciently and give better results.

I on behalf of team DSA salute and wish all the best to our CPOs, state police forces and intelligence services.

Jai Hind!

Pawan Agrawal

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Contents

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An ISO 9001:2008 Certif ied MagazineVolume 4 Issue 12 SEPTEMBER 2013

TM

F E A T U R E SBorder Security Force 6A Unique Force Of Praharies! DG, BSF INTERVIEW

National Disaster Response Force 16Rescue And Relief OperationsDG, NDRF INTERVIEW

Safe And Secure Habitations 19 Team DSA

4 September 2013 DEFENCE AND SECURITY ALERT 5September 2013 DEFENCE AND SECURITY ALERT

Role Of Intelligence In Internal And External SecurityRole Of Intelligence In Internal And External SecurityCPOS And Their Critical Role In Homeland Security

Mindware: Psychological Strengthening 12For Tactical OperationsDr Rupali Jeswal

Effectiveness Of State Police And CAPFS 20 In Internal SecurityLt Gen Mukesh Sabharwal PVSM, AVSM**, VSM (Retd)

The Role Of DRI In Providing Intelligence 24Inputs For Internal And External Security BV Kumar IRS (Retd)

Role Of Intelligence In Security 28Lt Gen PC Katoch PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SC (Retd)

Role Of Intelligence In A Democracy: 32 Paradoxes And SolutionsV Balachandran IPS (Retd)

Role Of CPOs And Intelligence In Combating 35Terrorism And Insurgency VK Deuskar IPS (Retd)

National Security: Role Of Intelligence Agencies 38 PM Heblikar

Getting The Intelligence And Policy Balance Right 42 Dr Harsh V Pant

Intelligence And National Security 44Kalyan K Mitra IPS (Retd)

Causality: External Forces, Internal Threats 48Damien Martin

Indian Coast Guard: Growth Trajectory Post 26/11 52 Vice Admiral Arun Kumar Singh (Retd)

Helicopters for VVIPs: A Highly Convulated Deal 55Maj Gen (Dr) Mrinal Suman AVSM, VSM (Retd)

Role Of Intelligence In Brain Force Wars 60And Fourth Generation Warfare Of 21st Century Col Rajinder Singh (Retd)

Impediments To Tackle Terrorism In India 63 Dr Ahmad Reza Taheri

A R T I C L E S

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20

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2014: A Defining Year Just Ahead 67 Lt Gen Kamal Davar PVSM, AVSM (Retd)

CPOs And Their Critical Role 70 Cecil Victor

Poor Functioning Of The State Armed Police 74 BattalionsSankar Sen IPS (Retd)

Role Of Technology In Intelligence Gathering 77 Prof Arvind Kumar

The Role Of Intelligence In Countering 80Terrorism In Iraq Ilias Papadopoulos