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Transcript of Drift Reduction And Nozzle Selection Drift Reduction And Nozzle Selection Jim Wilson South Dakota...
Drift Reduction And
Nozzle Selection
Drift Reduction And
Nozzle SelectionJim Wilson
South Dakota State UniversityJim Wilson
South Dakota State University
IntroductionIntroduction
Philosophical Tool #1Philosophical Tool #1“They need to know that
you care – Before they care what you
know”
Philosophical tool #2Philosophical tool #2
Applicators are hands-on people
Familiar is comfortable
Seaman Knapp ?
Have then do something
What is Drift?What is Drift?
Movement of spray particles and vapors off-target causing
less effective control and possible injury to susceptible
vegetation and wildlife.
Adapted from National Coalition on Drift Minimization 1997 as adopted from the AAPCO Pesticide Adapted from National Coalition on Drift Minimization 1997 as adopted from the AAPCO Pesticide Drift Enforcement Policy - March 1991Drift Enforcement Policy - March 1991
Drift Management 101
Drift Management 101
What’s the best nozzle?
It depends
What are you spraying?
What do you need to know?
Need to KnowNeed to Know
Fungicide? Insecticide? Herbicide? Contact/systemic?
Broadleaf/grassSmall vs large plants
Canopy?
Need to KnowNeed to Know
One nozzle will not work well for all
When managing drift Use the biggest droplet
(w/ least fines)
That will do the job
Nozzle orifice sizePressure at nozzle tipNozzle typeRelease height
Sprayer Factors Affecting Droplets that You ControlSprayer Factors Affecting Droplets that You Control
}dropletsize
dropletsize
How do you manage drift?
How do you manage drift?
•Droplet size•Droplet size•Droplet size
(Droplet) Size Matters (Droplet) Size Matters
All droplets not created equalDroplets < 150 microns contribute most to droplet drift
Droplets ~200 – 250 are target for fungicides
All droplets not created equalDroplets < 150 microns contribute most to droplet drift
Droplets ~200 – 250 are target for fungicides
Cutting Droplet Size in Half
Cutting Droplet Size in Half
500Microns
500Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
250Microns
one droplet = eight droplets
↑ What’s the Differencebetween 200 vs 250u
↑ What’s the Differencebetween 200 vs 250u
250Microns
250Microns
200Microns
200Microns
↑ Droplet Size X ~1.26 =
2X weight
↑ Droplet Size X ~1.26 =
2X weight250
Microns250
Microns200
Microns200
Microns = 2 X weight
250Microns
250Microns
200Microns
200Microns = 2 X volume
158Microns
158Microns
200Microns
200Microns
158Microns
158Microns
200Microns
200Microns
How are Nozzles categorized?
How are Nozzles categorized?
ASAE 572 Droplet size standard
Makes life easier
~Very
Fine
Fine Medium Coarse Very
Coarse
Extremely coarse
DV.5 ц <182 183-280
281-
429
430-531
532-655
>655
Differences in Micron sizesDifferences in Micron sizes
Don’t get hung up on uBased on reference nozzleDifferences in droplet analyzing
equipCategory size should be similar
Temperature & humidity
Some Factors Affecting DriftSome Factors Affecting Drift
Evaporation of DropletsEvaporation of Droplets
Wind
High Relative HumidityLow Temperature
Low Relative HumidityHigh Temperature
Fal
l Dis
tanc
e
Temperature & humidity Air movement (direction and velocity) - meter
Air stabilitycrop canopy micro-inversions
Some Factors Affecting Deposition
Some Factors Affecting Deposition
How do we pick a
nozzle?How do we pick a
nozzle?What are you spraying?Know droplet categoriesStart with nozzle chartWhat fits travel speed/pressureCalibrate
Glyphosate Applications?Glyphosate Applications?
Coarse or larger dropletsfor most applications
should give good control
Flat Fan ASAE Categories
example
Flat Fan ASAE Categories
example
Nozzle Technology? What’s the difference??
Nozzle Technology? What’s the difference??
Improved drop size controlEmphasis on ‘Spray Quality’
Turbulence chamber nozzle (TurboTeejet)
Turbulence chamber nozzle (TurboTeejet)
Air/Induction – Venturi Nozzle:
Air/Induction – Venturi Nozzle:
• Spraying Systems AI TeeJet• Air intake venturi section• Mixing Chamber - air and spray
solution blended• Exit orifice - Pattern tip - forms
large air-bubble drops
Improved coverage ??Adequate efficacy ??Reduced drift? YES!!!
Source: Successful Farming – Feb. 2004
Air Induction Droplet Categories (example)
Air Induction Droplet Categories (example)
Differences in Air Induction? Differences in Air Induction?
Drift Reducing AgentsDrift Reducing Agents
increase viscosity/reduce driftable fines
? additional cost vs. drift reduction
may also affect pattern
may be different w/different A.I.s
New Nozzles?That’s Too Expensive!
New Nozzles?That’s Too Expensive!
• The right nozzle may be the most important component on your sprayer
• The wrong nozzles will make the most expensive sprayer operate poorly
What is the cost of drift?What is the cost of poor control?
What is the cost of drift?What is the cost of poor control?
Strategies to Reduce DriftStrategies to Reduce DriftSelect nozzle to increase drop sizeIncrease flow rates – higher application volumesUse proper pressuresUse lower spray (boom) heightsAvoid adverse weather conditionsConsider using new technologies:
drift reduction nozzles
Nozzle Selection Summary
Nozzle Selection Summary
Use biggest droplets that will do job
Manage sprayer to manage droplets
One nozzle won’t do it all
FS 919
Choosing Drift Reducing Nozzles
FS 919
Choosing Drift Reducing Nozzles
http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu
Search for “Nozzles”
http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu
Search for “Nozzles”
Out of
PrintOut o
f
Some Slides provided by:Dr. Robert E. Wolf
Ext. Agricultural EngineerKansas State University
QuestionsQuestions