Drawing the Line: How Architects Can Improve School Safety & Security Allen Lawrence, RCDD/NTS CEFPI...

Drawing the Line: How Architects Can Improve School Safety & Security

Allen Lawrence, RCDD/NTSAllen Lawrence, RCDD/NTSCEFPI Southern Region ConferenceCEFPI Southern Region ConferenceApril 16, 2011April 16, 2011

AgendaAgenda

•Why are we here today•Communicating with the architect•Architects and Crime Prevention Through

Environmental Design (CPTED)•Closing Thoughts

Why are we here today?Why are we here today?

Why are we here today?Why are we here today?

•Because none of us are perfect•Increase our awareness of the relationship

between building design & safety/security•Improve our collaboration between the

owner, the architect (and law enforcement)

•Develop the “question everything” attitude•Maintain the balance

Communicating with the Communicating with the architectarchitect•What are your priorities as a District for

school safety during the design phase?•What are theirs?•Use of Crime Prevention Through

Environmental Design (CPTED)

Architects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTED

Natural Surveillance:o “Consists of increasing visibility within and

around a facility by encouraging its legitimate occupants and observers to increase their observation, detection and reporting of trespassers and misconduct.”Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED


Natural Access Control: o “Intended to deny access to crime targets and

to create a perception of risk to offenders.” Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED


Territorial Reinforcement:o “…is about establishing a sense of ownership

by building owners and occupants to increase vigilance in identifying trespassers and sending the message that a would-be-offender will be identified and challenged.”

Dr. Randy Atlas, 21st Century CPTED


oNatural SurveillanceoWindows for staff observationoGlazing, tinting, ballistics oProtection from smash and graboObservation of entrance and parking areas


oNatural Surveillanceo Interior Surveillance – Direct Line of Sight

(LOS)oHallwaysoReduce Blind Corners – MirrorsoStairwells – Align with hallway traffic flow


oNatural Surveillance BarriersoWindows in the sunoVegetationoStructural columnsoRecessed classroom door entrancesoHiding areas and blind cornersoVestibules with hidden doorsoOther buildings

Architects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTEDVegetation will one day inhibit surveillance

Architects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTEDSurveillance and safety challenges

Architects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTEDNatural Surveillance – columns

Architects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTEDNatural Surveillance – blind corner

Architects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTEDNatural Surveillance - columns

What Natural Surveillance?Architects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTED

Vegetation and Natural SurveillanceArchitects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTED

Natural surveillance and solid walls



oNatural Access ControloFencing serves multiple purposes

oDirects the visitors, oSeparates wildlife from students oDefines the transition from school to public

property oAvoid the use of solid walls oSidewalks – how far do you go?


oNatural Access Control oDriveways and traffic calmingoReinforced planters, barriers, bollardsoProper vegetationoExterior doors


oNatural Access ControloControlled Vestibules oMaintain direct surveillance oTransaction window & acousticsoBathroom Entrances – S entrance oClassroom Doors – locking from the inside

and windows near the handles


oNatural Access Control oLay in ceilings in restrooms as a hiding

place for drugs and weaponsoHow many ways can we get to the roofoAthletic Events

oHow do we separate fans during and following the activity?

Architects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTEDNatural Access Control - Roof Access

Natural Access Control - ClimbingArchitects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTED

Controlled VestibulesControlled Vestibules

RECEPTION

VESTIBULE

Controlled VestibulesControlled Vestibules

Architects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTEDNatural Access Control

Architects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTEDNatural Access Control and Surveillance

Natural Access Control - SidewalkArchitects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTED

Natural Access Control - DrivewaysArchitects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTED

Natural Access Control - SafetyArchitects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTED

Natural Access Control - Safety


Natural Surveillance and Access Control


Natural Access ControlArchitects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTED

Natural Access Control Architects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTED


oTerritorial ReinforcementoPassive BarriersoNatural LandscapingoElevation changesoFencingoClear and Concise SignageoMaintain it

Territoriality FencingArchitects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTED

Clear and Concise Signage Architects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTED

Territoriality must be maintainedArchitects and CPTEDArchitects and CPTED


Some additional things to consider:oDesignating “shelter in place” areas into the

architecture.oWeather use - hallways for shelter, no gyms or

cafeterias – glass, high walls. oDesignate visitor parking in clear view of the

front office.oOffice location – “Schneider Scale”oTarget hardening practices


Some additional things to consider:oCATE – banks and child careoAvoid computer labs on exterior wallsoFirst responder radio interferenceoWhere is the custodian office in relationship to

the exterior doors/dumpsters? (for planning access control)

oHow many ways can the nurse get out of the clinic?

Closing ThoughtsClosing Thoughts

o It starts with the right team - Architect, School District Administration, Structural, Civil, Law Enforcement

o City officials – local codes (landscaping)o Include post occupancy evaluations focused on

CPTED, Safety, Security during the one year warranty check

Closing ThoughtsClosing Thoughts

o Mandatory rough-in for security at all exterior doors

o Think outside the box - motions above restrooms?

o Balance – it is a school not a fortresso Remember – question everything

The Happy SlideThe Happy Slide•Allen Lawrence, RCDD/NTS▫ Ph: 817-377-2969▫ [email protected]

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Drawing the Line: How Architects Can Improve School Safety & Security Allen Lawrence, RCDD/NTS CEFPI...

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