Drawing Management Chapter 13. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill...

Drawing Management

Chapter 13

2Technical Drawing 13th EditionGiesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill Dygdon, Novak, Lockhart

© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.

All Rights Reserved.

Objectives

• Understand the importance of document management and control

• Understand how an electronic file can be used as both a communication and a storage device

• Understand the differences between CD-ROM, optical disk, and other storage options




Objectives (cont.)

• Describe printing and reproduction methods for technical drawings

• Be familiar with the Internet and the World Wide Web and understand how to use them in the product development process




Managing the Design Process• A Program Evaluation Review

Technique (PERT) chart or Gantt chart can be used to track time and activity for a project

• By working backwards from an end date, plans to meet critical deadlines can be established




Managing the Design Process• Design milestones and reviews help

ensure that the design process is timely

• Milestones include:• Product proposal• Design proposal• Development plan• Engineering release• Product release




Design Review

• If designs require changes, engineering change orders document these changes

• Regulatory bodies, standards organizations, and case law contribute to rules for retaining and producing documentation for engineering designs




Preserving Documentation

• Companies may need to produce documentation for various purpose including safety and legal issues• Because electronically stored files can

be altered, they may not be considered acceptable for documentation

• Most legal requests are for copies of all versions of designs




Legal Standards for Drawings• Legal standards for how long

engineering drawings need to be retained vary from state to state and industry to industry




Improving Efficiency

• Efficient document management is a key to the effective use of CAD tools and concurrent engineering practices

• Access to current and accurate information is crucial

• Design databases can be used to streamline the design process




Drawing Approval and Release • Once a drawing is determined to

be complete, the title block is used to document the change from a draft to a finished drawing

• Once approved, the drawing or set of drawings, and contract are released for manufacturing




Change Orders

• After a drawing has been released, an engineering change order (ECO) is used to document and approve drawing changes

• ECOs are also known as:• Engineering change notifications

(ECN)• Engineering change requests (ECR)




Revision Block

• A revision block describes changes, may indicate the number of the ECO, and requires approval




Drawing As a Snapshot in Time• Some companies print and store

paper copies of CAD files as a permanent record

• Quality standards in some industries allow for electronic documents to serve as a permanent record if they are properly controlled




Good Practices for Electronic Drawing Storage• Organized practices for storage,

approval, retrieval, file naming, and tracking revision history for electronic CAD data is very important

• Individual companies often have their own standards of data management




Storing Electronic Files

• To be useful, drawings must be stored electronically in a manner that satisfies the requirements for a static snapshot of the design at the time of release

• Companies should have an organized system for managing files




Organized Directory Structures• Using an organized directory structure

enables retrieval of CAD files and other electronically stored engineering data

• It is not a good idea to have a single directory to store work

• Documents may be stored on networks in directories that others can access




File Naming Conventions

• It is important to establish a procedure and name files systematically

• Additional data may be added to file names over time such as revision numbers to aid in file management




Drawing Standards

• Many aspects of creating a drawing can be standardized including:• Layers• Colors• Borders• Title block information• Fonts and letter sizes• Standard notes and symbols




Storage of Paper or Mylar

• Paper or Mylar drawings may be stored:• In large flat-drawer files• Hung vertically in cabinets• Rolled and stored in tubes• Folded and stored in standard office

file cases




Reproduction of Drawings

• Copies of drawings may be supplied in electronic formats such as PDF files

• Plots can be created on Mylar or other specialty papers that allow prints to be made from the plot

• Large format copy machines are also used




Printing and Copying Engineering Drawings• There are a variety of options for

reproducing drawings:• Engineering printers• Diazo-moist prints• Diazo-dry process• Xerography • Fax technology• Digital image processing• Color laser printing / copying




Digital Storage Systems

• Systems for storing digital files include:• CD-ROM• Optical disk• DVD• Blu-ray• Network drives




Document Management Software• Specialized software is available to

help manage:• Document revision history• Approval• Storage• File naming• And other issues




Electronic Files and the Internet• Drawings created with commercial

software are saved as electronic files

• These files can be shared through E-mail or the Internet

• Using the Internet and E-mail as a communication and design review tool can help shorten the process and eliminate productivity barriers




Microfilm, Microfiche, and Computer-output Microfilm• Although electronic files have

replaced the use of microfilm and microfiche, some are still in use as data storage tools

• Computer-output microfilm is a process used to produce drawings and records on microfilm with the aid of a computer

Drawing Management Chapter 13. 2 Technical Drawing 13 th Edition Giesecke, Mitchell, Spencer, Hill...

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