Born Free ProductionDeadly Friendship

Content Index:Part One: Type of ProductionPart Two: Proposal FormPart Three: Finance Part Four: TimePart Five: Personal Part Six: FacilitiesPart Seven: MaterialsPart Eight: ContributorsPart Nine: LocationsPart Ten: Market ResearchPart Eleven: Codes of practise and regulations

Type of ProductionWithin the media industry there are many different forms of media such as adverts, drama, documentary and many more. The different styles of production are chosen for what the productor wants to give to the audience such as if they wanted to entertainment they would create a drama that holds the correct genres and format. If the productors want to sell something to the audience they would use a advert style.

AdvertsThe way that adverts are set out is very different style to a drama as the advert is set out to draw the audience into buying or chosen the thing that the advert is selling to them. Also adverts use different methods to connect with the audience in able to get the money they are looking for. The coca cola advert has been created to advertise the drink by making a connection with the audience that the drink itself has a feeling within the taste of it. It also makes the connection with that it's best to drink it with family. However within the advert there are little hints on what the advert is about by using the red colour palette throughout the advert. This advert soul purpose is to sell the drink to the audience to make money. [7]

However not all adverts are selling projects, some adverts like the adverts for charities such as the RSPCA, are created to shock the audience into the suffering animals are put through. This style of using horrific images of animals in pain, by using this footage it emotional effects the audience making them wants to help anyway they can. [5]

Drama GenresThe Genres of a film or drama is very important as it tells the audience what style of media they are watching as different people enjoy different styles of genres. It is very common for however the genres to overlap with each other depending on what the drama are about. By placing drama’s in different genres it gives more freedom to the audience about what they want to watch. This also helps to production companies to see where best to place larger budgets on different productions depending on the results they get from television bodies.

ComedyComedy is one of the drama genres that are used to class a drama which is a drama of light and humorous character with a happy or cheerful ending. For example, ‘Mrs. Brown’s Boys’ (2011) directed by Ben Kellett and created by Brendan O’Carroll is a comedy series that is filled with light and funny Irish family. This series, the series was

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well liked and the series continued however that was only because of the well scripted comedy. [8]

However comedy is a very subjective genre to work with, mainly with the knowledge that not everyone will like the same style of humour. What this means is that working with comedy is a risk and if not many people like the style of humour that they are watching the production will not continue. One of the reasons that people might have different style of humour is the job role they do, for people in high risk jobs such as the prison, police, fire or ambulance departments they have a more darker humour commonly known as dark humour. This can impact in what they find funny that others wouldn’t, this is mainly a comping method for them to deal with things they have witnessed.

CrimeCrime dramas commonly about the audience watching as the characters deal with criminalistics, their detections, criminals and their motives through a narrative. These dramas normally follow one or two different types of people. This can be either the police were the audience follow the police as they try to solve the crime. Or the criminals, and how they have in the end done the crime and how they are trying to escape and avoid the police. However in some dramas the two are crossed over giving the audience more information about what happened to cause the events and how each side deal with the aftermath. ‘Cuffs’ (2015) BBC One, created by Julie Gearey, is a police series that followed the path of a new Police Constable or a ‘rookie’ as they are commonly named and how he deals with the events and problems that a police officer faces on the street. However the rookie has one more problem, his father is Chief Superintendent of the same station and to which he is treated a little differently. This series helps connect to the audience that the police are not heartless robots that don’t care, this helps to target the audience who like or want to know more about what it is like to be a rookie officer on the street for the first time.[9] Crime drama is a very popular genre however if the storyline is not clear it can leave the audience confused and not willing to watch the the rest of the series.

PeriodA period drama is a very difficult thing to shoot mainly depending in which time period the production is set in. In a Period Drama as it is set in a particular historical period, it is very important that everything on set from the costume, set dressing and speech must help the audience believe that they are looking at a drama that was filmed during that time period, if not the set can become fake to the audience. This happened during the filming of ‘Poldark’ (2015) BBC One created by Debbie Horsfield, when during an important scene in the drama is shot at a low angle it is very clear to see that in fact one of the houses on the street has a burglar alarm, this scene broke the set of the film being from the 18th century.[11, 12] This is

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why dressing the set and the camera positions is very important to keep the continuity of the period to flow through the series. In ‘‘And Then There Were None’ Episode One BBC One (2015) Directed by Craig Viveiros, the series is filmed in the period of 1939. Every little detail of the episodes from the actors’ clothing, set dressing, social statues and speech are all planned and created to fit the period for which the drama is from.[10] By keeping the period setting of the drama is very important to keep the audience involved in the drama but also to learn something about what it was like to live in this time.

DocumentaryDocumentaries are reports that have been put together on a chosen subject that gives the audience the true facts about that chosen subject, it can range from nature documentaries following animals or plant life through the different stages of life to the harsh life in the prison service and the lives of the people who deal with the people that society locks up. Normally documentaries are set on a topic that is commonly in the public eye or is a topic of interest. However during some documentaries, planning to film in a location can be a very difficult thing to organize as the location could have rules about allowing film crews into the location, this is very true to prisons and police stations. In the documentary ‘Broadmoor’ a television film crew were allowed inside the mental hospital for the first time in the all the years that Broadmoor’s history. [2, 3] It took the production team from the ITV five years to get permission from the Ministry of Justice. This is because nearly all of the men that are locked up in Broadmoor are classed as adults that are at risk in normal prison life to themselves or others. In the documentary, all the patients’ faces are blurred out to keep the patient’s identity a secret to stop anything from happening to them if they are released. The rules of filming in prisons are in place to protect the staff and prisoners. the main reasons for this is because the staff don’t want people to see anything that could case a security issue like keys or the prison layout which could result in a possible prison escape.

EntertainmentEntertainment is the main key point to any style of media as if it is not entertaining it will lose its target audience and the media produce becomes worthless. The reason of a media project is to entertain the audience and to draw them in. This is done in a range of different style depending on what the director and the production team want to sell across. This could be in the style of a music video to increase the fan base of an artist, a film that tells a detailed story and captures the audience imagination or in a short film where one storyline is told in a small amount of time.

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Music videosMusic videos are a creative media style that is used to draw the audience of that artist in. Most of the time the music video can help deepen the emotional connection with the audience and this helps the audience to read deeper into the words that are being said. However in modern age music videos for some artists, creating a music video helps to increase their frame by creating unusual videos to go along with their music. But this can sometimes knock the meaning behind the song. The real reason however for a video is to increase the value of the song and artist. The Soldiers however work within the lyrics of their songs and create their music video around that. In their Debut single, Coming Home they have fallen back to their soldier roots as all three members of the group are all serving members of the British Army. However singing together help them deal with the events and actions they have been involved with. ‘Coming Home’ music video is a mixture of a range of different shots. By using shots from the recording studio, and shots of the three of them together. These shots show to the audience that the army life is like a brotherhood and coming home from a tour can be an emotional drawing task for soldiers to deal with. [4]

FilmsFilms are a main part in the modern life, to which people who travel to cinemas to watch the newest film or to buy the video or dvd to watch in the comfort of their own homes. This is a very important part of modern culture. However films are often told to tell the audience a story, sometimes it can reflect on true events or roles of normal people. These films are often used to show the audience what true human nature can be like, and to create an emotional connection between the characters on screen and the audience watching. Many films are placed in different genres, this like in television dramas helps the audience to choose which film they want to watch due to what genre they live to watch. The genres can range from factual to the fantastical. ‘Ladder 49’ (2004) film, directed by Jay Russell, is a film about the events of a house of firefighters and the roles they play in saving complete strangers at great risk to their own lives. This film captures the audience’s hearts and minds as they watch the events that have lead this one firefighter named Jack Morrison to the events that they witnessed in the beginning of the film and in the end his death. By creating emotion between this character and the audience it allows them to start to feel connected to his firefighter and those who he worked with. [6]

By making that style of connection between the characters and the audience is very important for any drama but for a film, it will make sure that the audience holds out though the film. Film budgets are normally depended on the style and genre of film, for Ladder 49 the production company allowed the budget of around $55 million for the whole production.

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This was mainly due to the large range of different locations, equipment and extras that were needed along with the stunt team. However for smaller films productions are often smaller than this.

Short FilmShort films or single dramas are used to tell a story that the audience can follow. Cyberbully is one of these type of dramas, it follows the character of Casey as she is trapped in her room by her laptop. She has been hacked. The short film, is set in the modern age and this helps the audience to link in more with that could happen to them by using the internet.[1] The way that this film has been set up with only one location which in turn causes the audience to feel that like Casey they are trapped watching the drama as it unfolds. Mainly short films have a low budget with low cost, this is clear in the film by the small number of locations and the way that the set has been dressed. Also short films have a very small targeted audience and this is very clear by the storyline, Cyberbully is set to show the audience what the internet is truthly like and how it has been used to victimise people and how that can leave people in a very dark place. Short films are commonly not shown in cinema, this makes them viewable from only a small range of places. Cyberbully was funded by Channel 4 so the short film was first shown on Channel 4 and then online. However in the modern age, short films are more commonly shared on online channels such as Youtube or they are shown at Film Festivals.

My ProductionFor my choice of drama, I have chosen to create a short drama that works in three episode of a crime drama named Deadly Friendship. The narrative structure of my drama is linear as it follows the main character through the drama and how the lives of the people involved fall apart in the actions of one. This drama will contain flashbacks of the friendship of the characters Phoebe and Rachel, however this is only to give the audience key pieces of information about the friendship between these characters and how this friendship turned deadly with one act. Even though this is a short drama, this drama is set to end with the conclusion of the killers arrest however this leaves it open for a spin off drama to be made or even the opportunity for my drama to be turned into a mini series.This could be either the family after they learn the truth, the court case that will happen or the way that Phoebe deals with the truth about prison life. This style of drama can appear on TV and appear online as it meets with the growing demand for crime drama, however it also links in with the true meaning of a crime of passion killing that happens in the real world. However also due to the large range online viewing websites such as Netflix the drama would end up on a site like this however also possibly if no network choses to show it it could be released as an exclusive on a site similar to Netflix's or on the site itself. This was done with the series of ‘Making a Murderer’ which was released on Netflix and got a large audience because of the way it was released. Also the program made the audience think about the effects prison has on someone and how it can change a person altogether. [16]

Proposal Form5

Working title for film Deadly Friendship

Idea or theme My idea for my short drama is based on a crime thriller. The drama tells the story about how revenge and spite can make people do the most horrific things to the people that they are

meant to care about.

Outline of the narrative

The storyline of the drama is set when two best friends Phoebe and Rachel who have been friends for years meet up one night to spend some time together as they are haven't spent much time together because of college. However for Phoebe, the

meeting is to get some answers to a rumour that has started about her which is based on something that she only told

Rachel. As she asks her about it Rachel feels betrayed and she shouts and turns to walk away Phoebe picks up a brick and hits her over the head. As Rachel lays there in front of Phoebe she believes that she has killed her. But she doesn't want to go to

prison so intend of calling for help she chooses to hide what she has done, by hiding her friends body. So drives her friend’s body

to the beach remembering of a case where a girl drowned by falling in. As he drives home she gets a call from her friend’s

parents looking for her. She tells them that she had left her last night and reminds with that story. Rachel is reported missing and

the search for her continues and is run by Police Detective Sergeant Lauren Wray. As the search starts, the reports of a

body on the headland beach is reported and later is found to be Rachel. The focus starts to pin on Phoebe by her strange behaviour and how she has cut herself away. Soon she is

brought into questioning and is shown the evidence against her and in the end she confesses, unable to hide it anymore. Then

she is told the shocking truth that Rachel had drowned in the sea and hadn’t died before of her head wound.

Finance

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Finance for any production is key for the whole project, if the finance for the production is small in budget, the production team must think carefully about where the money is being spent. The budget of the production is key when making the audience believe in and how detailed and effective the plot is.

Sources of Finance Television CompaniesThe television production companies are the main television programmes that choose to fund a production that is linked to or is the style of production that works in the style that they use. The funding from this type of source is mainly given when there is a proven target audience for this type of product. For example the BBC, is a more commonly more dramatic style of drama or documentaries that are informative to the audience when a channel like Channel 4 has more relaxed style to what they show. This is mainly due to the different audiences that both channel target towards. Channel 4’s target audience is classed as younger and more open than the BBC in what shows they produce and show. The BBC’s audience has a more wider range for a larger target audience however some of their productions can be classed as more informative than entertaining on some of the productions they show.

Film Studios Film Studios or motion picture company are privately owned studios that are used to create and develop films which is handled by a team named the production company, these facilities are often rented out to different productions teams to film. Funding from a film studio is similar to a television companies as it is a risk for them to fund a project that has a small audience but it also counts on if the genre is a popular one and there is a target audience available for the film. This is also a problem when the same type of genre is released around the same time and that some films may do better not because of the studios but the people that have been casted in the film. Pinewood Studios is the United Kingdom’s main production studio, and large scale films are filmed within the studio grounds. One of the latest films that was filmed in Pinewood studios was the twenty-fourth chapter of the James Bond franchise ‘Spectre’ (2015) directed by Sam Mendes. The film’s budget was set as $245 - 250 million.

National Film FundsThe national film funds can help smaller or beginning filmmakers to produce something that could be the beginning of their new career. These funding can allow filmmakers to develop their skills and start to create their own productions. Northern film & media is a company that allows funding to small production teams to help in developing the skills within the crew but also to help develop the industry with new talent. [14] The BFI or British Film Industry is one

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national film fund that can help to fund productions for film makers allowing them to start to see how the industry works and start to make a name for themselves. [35]

Private Finance Private Finance is when a private person or company can fund a production however this is one of the hardest types of funding a production team can get. This is a personal risk to whoever invests in the production but this also means that the person has a very high interest in the production because it is their money being spent. The Bond franchise was given private funding to increase the production's budget be a private financer and many production do get private funding to help increase their budget allowing them to try and plan new action scenes, equipment or time scale during filming.

CrowdsourcingCrowdsourcing is a way that small production teams can collect funding from the public. This can however take longer than the over areas of finance mainly because the production cannot move forward without having the finance that is needed. Websites such as ‘Gofundme’ allows the public to fund productions or projects, this is commonly used by undergraduate students in producing their production. [24]

RequirementsEverything that is needed on set needs to be paid for, this can be from the number of crew that are needed on set to allow filming to continue or if is is a dangerous stunt for safety. However these crews need to be fed and watered which need to be set in place such as porta-toilets, catering vehicles, transport for example. The budget also needs to add the cost of materials and facilities that need to be hired or brought for the production but also for any documents and scripts that might be needed to be on set to allow the production to move forward. Clearances can be a very costly thing if not done correctly and can cause a film to be paused if clearance for something has not been collected. Clearances can be for a range of different things such as music that is needed for the background, CDs and films but also clearances for product placement like company logos or company vehicles. But also some locations need council clearances to allow a film crew to film, this is mainly because the area that needs to be used might need to be cornered off by the council to stop the public from walking into shot.

TransportDuring filming on location, transport is very important to keep the production from moving forward. This can be for the crew and equipment, any set pieces that are needed for that scene, props and materials and the cast themselves. Transporting everyone and everything

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that they needed onto set at the correct time is very important in planning a location scene. In the planning of working on a location, the production team of the film need to plan where all the vehicles and cabins that are needed on set are to be placed. On a large scale filming the crew might need the size of a football field of space for all the vehicles and trucks that are needed such as food tents, prop and points were the cast can rest between shots.

Crew & CastThe Cast and Crew are the people who in the end help to create the directors and the creators’ idea from paper to real life. Some directors like to work with crew members that they have worked with before because they know how each other works and this allows the production to run more smoothly. The more skilled the crews are, the better the filming of the scene can run, this is because the crews know or have worked with them before. The Cast are chosen for their skills and if they fit to the character that they have been cast to play. Depending on the actors or actresses success depends on how much the actor is worth and it also depends on how much the director wants the person for that role. For example during the filming of ‘The Hobbit An Unexpected Journey’, (2012) directed by Sir Peter Jackson, Jackson wanted the character of Bilbo Baggins to be played be the actor Martin Freeman. However there was a problem, with the deadline the film each scene had been carefully planned to give the crews time to finish off set pieces, costumes and script rewrites and sadly due to the delay in filming, Martin Freeman had already signed a contract in filming Sherlock (2012) BBC created by Mark Gatiss and Steven Moffat for a second series. So because of this Peter chose to allow Martin to return to England in the middle of the Hobbit shoot so he could still take part of the film. [17]

My ProductionThe finance for my own production who be more aimed at television companies than the others as it fits in with the high number of crime genre drama that television companies are producing. This could also however come from online networks such as Netflix’s as it works similar to the growing need for crime drama that don’t follow the same style of narrative as others.

TimeTime is critical for a production company as the production team are only given a limited amount of time to film and edit the narrative. However how the film is filmed can affect the time limit of the film, and sometimes it can cause the film to

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overrun its filming plan. For example, ‘The Shining’ (1980) directed by Stanley Kubrick was one film that ran over its time limit. Walter Murch, wrote in his book ‘In a Blink of An Eye’ that Kubrick ‘wanted to shoot the film in continuity and to have all set and actors available at all time.’ This caused problems during shooting as if a set was not finished the whole crew had to wait till it was and the actors couldn’t work on another project due to the fact that they if they were needed they had to be available on that day. [18,19]

DeadlinesDeadlines are very important during production mainly because it allows the cast and crew to look at when they are needed but also when to leave some time in case they are needed for any pickup shooting or it something happens that the director needs to redo such as if a scene has not been shot correctly or if something on set is missing. Also be having deadlines it allow the crew to know which jobs that are needed to be finished for a scene. This is very important for set designs as some pieces can be very large and could possible take up most of the department's studio and aif they are needed for a time period of the filming timeline the department most make sure that they are ready to be placed in position for the filming crew.

Availability of Equipments and PersonnelThe availability of equipment is very important in the development of the production because if a piece of equipment is needed for scene like if there is more than one camera is needed for a large action shot so it can be captured in different angles, all the camera and equipment to go with it needs to be available on that day and with the personnel that is needed to operate them.The personnel like the cast are very important for the production to move smoothly, however there are events that can cause problems but also can cause production to come to a stop. In the case of Fast and Furious 7 (2015) directed by James Wan, during a break from shooting one of the lead actors Paul Walker was killed in a car accident. This horrible event caused the filming of film 7 of the Fast and Furious franchise to stop as the crew and the cast mourned the death of a friend. However soon the cast and production team came together and chose to continue the rest of the film. By continuing the film they chose to dedicate the film to Paul’s life and the production team was helped by Paul’s family by having his two brothers stand in for Paul in the remaining shoots. However this did cause the shoot of the film to be extended as the production team chose to rewrite the narrative making the film about saying goodbye to Paul Walker’s character. [20]

Timescale for clearancesClearance for films or music can take, this means that normally the production will make sure that they have all the clearances before the production is to more on. However sometimes getting the clearance can take more time than it is needed and more importantly if someone shares the rights to the production. By collecting and making sure that the

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clearance for the production ahead of time will allows the production to run on time and allow departments like the casting to start to tie everything together quickly. For The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012) Created by Sir Peter Jackson, this was the case, the rights for the film were shared between Warner Bros. and MGM (Metro Goldwyn Mayer) a historical situation that had been in place since the ‘60s, the reason this took place happened when Tolkien originally sold the film rights. In 2008, the production team got together to try to deal with the rights issues and get the film clearance to allow the production to happen. So when the two production companies talked about getting the film cleared to make Warner Bros. continued to fund pre-production to allow the film to start to take shape in the physical side such as the art department, costume designs and the storyboard. However then the clearance was put on hold when MGM had some financial problems that set back the film. But a few months later MGM did finally got their finances back to normal and the film was given the go head to begin. The real problem that this caused the film was that all their start dates had to be moved back which at the time allowed the other departments that were still working on the film. However for the casting department it did cause problems when trying to secure actors.[17]

My ProductionFor my production, time is a problem for one reason for this is because my cast do have roles and jobs outside of the production and I will need to fit filming around these things. To fix this problem, filming will be set around each cast member’s life and is one cast member isn’t cannot be on set I can set up a time when they are available so instead work with other members of the cast to collect the footage I need. During scenes that I do need an eyeline match, if the other members of cast cannot be there then things are in place so the cast member can meet the correct eyeline giving the audience the idea that the shots were filmed at the sametime. However as one of my locations is a beach, the time during filming is limited due to the tidal changes that happen during the day. Because of the narrative timeline, the beach scenes need to happen early morning allowing the time of day to appear clearly in the shoot however this does limit the amount of time to film before the light effects the scene. To help me through this problems, the scenes will be planned and we will continue with rolling resets instead of stopping filming to review the footage in full to allow me to chose from a range of different clips.Deadlines within the production are very strict due to the fact of the small window of filming time I have, the deadlines are mainly used to develop or collect props needed for the scenes and the deadline of filming. To help with this the deadlines are set with time between them to allow me to have time to fill complete the deadlines before the set date to get ahead of the deadlines and instead of dragging the deadlines out. Personnel The number of personnel depends on heavily the budget of the production and it’s narrative. For large scale productions, the crew and cast list will be large mainly due to the narrative been planned in much detail that the crew would be ready to start filming in

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multiple locations in order to gather all the scenes that are needed. However on smaller productions the crew and cast a small and it is commonly noticed in the production itself, these are also normally productions that have smaller budgets. On the other hand, it doesn’t matter if the production is small or large, if the wrong personnel are on set it can cause problems later on. This is why the relationship between the crew and cast are so important to allow the shoot to run more smoothly and in the end the drama is put together in the high standard.

Personnel List for ‘Flashpoint,’ CTV (2008) Created by Mark Ellis and Stephanie Morgenstern [13]

Main Job Titles Job Roles DescriptionDirector Main Unit Director The main unit director is the overall boss of the

shoot. They are also heavily. Involved with the script writing, the pitch and the editing of the film or episode. They are also the ones that will sign off everything that has been prepared for filming like costume designs and hair and makeup. They also have the chose in which actors and actress take the roles within the episode and they work with them closely to make sure that they are getting the performance.

Second Unit Director

The Second Unit Director works very closely with the main unit director to make sure that the scenes that have been handed over to the second unit. This is mainly because on a big shoot or a small time scale it is impossible for the main unit to film everything. This is why the second unit is so important and for the second unit director to understand what the director is looking for in those scenes.

Editor The editor is like the seconded hand of the director as they work closely together to create the episodes and the series. In Flashpoint, the editor does change during each season so give each series its own identity.

Assistant Directors Assistant directors or ADs work behind the scenes to make sure everything is in place for the filming crew. They also work within each department to make sure that everyone is in place for the beginning of filming.

Cast The cast are any actors or actresses that have been selected by the director and produces to play a role in the production. They are selected through the casting department who receive auditioned taps from the actor’s manager. They work very closes with the director and the costumes and

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wardrobe departments to make sure that their performances is as good as it can be.

Producer Executive Producer

The executive producer is the head producer of the shoot. This producer mainly works very closely with the director and the other department.

Co-Producer The co-producer's role is to help in some areas of production. They however have less responsibilities than the other producers.

Writer Due to Flashpoint been a multi-series drama there are many writers of the episodes however for most dramas there are only a few writers however by changing who writes the episodes it gives each episode a new theme and feeling.

Extras Extras are critical for wide action shots or a crowded scenes to make the audience believe more into the action. Also using extras it allows for the cast to get more into character instead of being only an actor playing a role.

Guest Starring In Flashpoint there are often different characters being brought in for one or more episodes.

Cinematography The cinematographer or director of photography is in charge of all the camera crews that are working on the film or tv show.

Casting The Casting team are the people that the actor’s agents about possible roles and after compiling a list they then pass it on to the director and producer.

Production Design The production designer or PD is the person who is responsible for the overall look of the film events.

Art Department Construction Coordinator

The construction coordinator works very closely with the director and the producer to make sure that any sets that need building are ready for the filming crew but also to make sure that any outdoor sets are ready.

First assistant art director

First assistant art director are below the main director of art and is the go between the different departments.

Set dresser The set dresser’s role to make sure that the set that is being used to make the set look like whatever it may be needed to look like.

Costumes and Wardrobe Department

Costume designer The costume designer works with the script as a guideline to how many costumes are needed for a scene, this helps during large scenes with a lot of extras. Also they will work closely with the director to design the costumes for the main to show who these characters are.

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Costume buyer A costume buyer’s role is not just to buy place clothes for the characters when they are not in their uniforms and clothing for the extras but also to buy any fabric that is needed for a design set for Character in the script or in the director’s mind.

Makeup Department

Makeup department head

In charge of the makeup department and all the artist. They also work with the costume department so the makeup work with the scene so the costume the characters are working.

Hair department Head

In charge of the hair department. They also work with the costume department so the hair styles work with the scene so the costume the characters are working.

Makeup Artist They works under the head makeup departmentHair designer They work under the head hairstylist

Production Department

Production manager

The production manager oversees the production of the film and makes sure that it runs smoothly.

Assistant Production Manager

The assistant production manager works very closely with the manager to make sure that whatever is needed for the filming crew is done and ready as soon as possible so filming can go ahead.

Production executive

The production executive works with the production finance that affects all departments.

Sound Department

Sound recorder mixer

The sound recorder mixer’s role is to work on all the sound in post production to make the audio as realist as the visual film.

Boom operator The boom operator works closely during any dialogue scenes to capture the real dialogue to make the film or series to flow more natural.

Sound effect editor The sound effect editor works on creating and editing sound effects that are placed in during editing to make the audience believe in the action they are watching.

Music Department

Music Coordination

The music coordinator works within the whole department to make sure that any music or beats that are needed for the episode or film is made and works with the scene that it is to be set with.

Music editor The music editor edits the music of the series that are used to add tension or emotion to the episode or film.

Special Effects Special Effects coordinator

The special effect coordinator works closely with the other departments and the director to work on how possible the special effects are and if they fit into the episode and looks.

Special effect The special effect technician is the person who

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technician designs and builds the special effects that are needed whether that be a blast or gun shots.

Visual Effects Visual Effects coordinator

The visual effect coordinator works and is in charge of all visual effects that are needed in a shot.

Visual Effects technician

The technician role to make the visual effect possible by working with the coordinator to make the visual effects possible.

Stunts Stunt Coordinator The stunt coordinator’s role is to planned set up all stunts at might need to take place in the episode of film. They are also in charge of all the stunt performers safety.

Stunt Double/Performer

Stunt performers and doubles are used when stunts are classed as too dangerous for the real actor to attempt so stunt personnel are used instead.

Stunt Driver Stunt drivers are used during any wide action stunt driving scenes to shows the audience that there are officers trained in advance driving.

Camera and Electrical Department

Camera operator The Camera Operators are the cameraman that help to make sure that the shots are sharp and in focus they are also in charge of the tracking dolls

Electrician The electrician role is to not just to plan and help mantate power for the filming crew but also to help plan any special effects that are needed for a scene.

Gaffer The Gaffer in the film industry is the head electrician and is responsible for all the electrical things that are needed such as lighting.

Transportation Department

Transportation coordination

The transporter coordinator is in charge of working with the call sheets to make sure that every piece of equipment that is needed on set can be delivered and nothing is lost during transport.

Driver The drivers are people who transport the equipment to the location that is needed on that day according to the call sheet.

Location Scout The location scout's job is to read the script and pitch to look for range of different locations that can be shown to the director and production department for possible locations for the drama.

Police Adviser The police adviser is used to make sure that everyone involved knows the correct language, codes and actions of the police force to make the drama as realist as possible.

Armourer As this is a police series about a trained SWAT team, all the actors and extras involved in weapons

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handling collected their weapons from the crew’s armourer. These weapons are used also by the stunt performers for wide action or stunt scenes.

Helicopter Pilot During the wide shots of Toronto’s skyline is taken by helicopter. Also this is one of the methods to which the action can be captured like a news helicopter would.

Health and Safety Officer The health and safety officer job is to make sure that all crew, cast and any other person that is on set is safe during filming.

My ProductionFor my production, the crew and cast are very small due to the budget and style of short drama piece I would be creating. Also due to the different locations and the size of the production, it is better that the crew remains a small and be the results of the survey, it is better for only have a few number of main characters at allow the audience to find watching the drama easily. However that also the crew number will remain small, with the makeup, hair and wardrobe departments spend between two members of the crew, the health and safety officer who will assess the different locations to make sure that they are safe to shoot in and then the camera operator who will work on sound and the camera to make sure that the two are linked for the best possible result.

FacilitiesIn normal productions facilities such as warehouses and set space commonly come from the production companies or studios who fund the projects. Some genres such as period drama will need more facilities to store and develop sets as most of the locations that the drama or production need to be dressed in that style of period the drama is set in due to the small number of real life locations that are available for a filming crew to use so facilities are needed for the set to be built to give the audience the best visual image of the time period.

Production Equipment & Post-production equipmentProduction and post-production equipment are very important to the production as without it the production can not be created. Depending on the budget of the production indicates how much and how good the equipment is.For example the Hobbit An Unexpected Journey (2012) directed by Sir Peter Jackson was mainly filmed in the new RED cameras, these cameras allowed the films to be shot in a frame rate of 48 frames per second and in 3D. This gave the audience

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a more impacting viewing of the film and allows them to be part of the action. [17] However RED camera are very expensive and with a small scale budget a production might not be able to afford them, so other productions can use more affordable cameras depending on their budget. Another type of camera that can be used are the Arriflex D-21, this style of camera was used to film the tv show Law and Order: Special Victims Unit (1999) created by Dick Wolf. [23]

The lighting of a production helps to give a scene the correct emotion or mood to the scene also during inside filming lighting in different reasons, one is to light the actors on set allowing their features to be seen in more detail in the camera however is is also done on locations by using a reflector or lighting to highlight the actors. Also it can help the filmmaker create the correct weather patterns that is needed for that scene like lighting during a thunderstorm or to create natural daylight through windows of the set. In ‘And Then There Were None’Episode One BBC One (2015) Directed by Craig Viveiros the house was filmed in two different locations, on outside to allow the camera to capture the outside shots of the building and then the inside which was mainly shot in a studio lighting used to give the audience a sense at what time of day the scene is set in. [10]

There are many different softwares that can be used to edit together a production together, it counts on what the editor is more familiar with which depends on which they use to edit the film together.‘The English Patient’ (1996) directed by Anthony Minghella was the first digitally edited film to win an Oscar for Best Editing for editor Walter Murch on the editing software called Avid. When ‘The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo’ (2011) directed by David Fincher was a film that was edited using Final Cut, this film also won in the Academy Award for Best Edit of its editors Angus Wall and Kirk Baxter.

Recording the sound of a production is as important as capturing the scene on film as the sound makes what the audience is watching more realistic in the audience’s eye. The sounds in the film that might seem small to the audience is in fact very important to help the audience to feel that the scene they are watching is real. Capturing the sounds are done in a range of different ways, in dialog scene between characters often a boom mic is used to record the dialog from the scene in more detail than any microphone that could be attached to the camera. Another way that sound is recorded that a sound designer, a member of the crew whose job is to create any sound effects that is needed to help to help create a more realistic effect on the audience and makes them also listen to little hints that could give the audience information about what is happening or about to happen. The other is Dubbing which it is more commonly named be the actors, however the correct name is automated dialogue replacement when dialog between actors are recorded again and then is edited

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over the original audio. This can be done for a number of different reasons such as if the actor has not found the correct voice for the character they are playing such as accent. This is normally done during or after filming depending on the directors chose to edit when filming which most do as it allows them time to reshoot anything they need. However placing these facilities in place can save time in the long run of filming. [17]

Sound editing is also key when working with the sound of the production , applying the sound or music in the correct place can make the scene lose its meaning by breaking the action scene if the music is cut too early or late. Sound editing is similar to normal editing of a drama as the sound will help explain what is happening to the audience and also helps to create the mood of the drama be increasing the sound, removing dialog, adding non-diegetic sounds such as music.

Special effects are critical for any drama if it is used however it need to be used correctly or the image can look faked to the audience and the drama will appear non-realistic to the viewer. Special effects are commonly used in scenes when it is not possible to film on location or if a character is needed in the scene that is either completely digital or like in the case of Furious 7 (2015) Directed by James Wan they needed to replace one of the main character after the death of the actor Paul Walker, for the end scene Wan hired Weta Digital to create a computer animated to allow the audience to say goodbye to the character. [20]

However with using special effects it is important that the set is highlighted in the correct manner to make sure that when editing the characters are highlighted correctly to the rest of the set this can be done by overlaying the footage of the actors over a landscape shot that had been filmed without the cast. This is critical that the actors are light correctly with the lighting of the overall shot. In The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012) Created by Sir Peter Jackson, the cast mainly worked together depending on the size of their characters this problem made the crew to create two sets one designed to the height of the dwarves and the other for Sir Ian McKellen. This made it very important that the light on Ian’s set was the same as the lights on the dwarves’ set. The Special Effects team had to work very closely with the rest of the art departments and the lighting crews to make sure that these points were met to give the film continuity. [17]

Facility HousesFacility housing is another term used for the warehouses that are often owned by a film studio and are often rented out for production teams allowing them to work in a closed area that is not

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available to the public. These warehouses are often used where sets of the production can be built where the director can control the environment of the set depending on the what the scene needed. In Pinewood Studios there is a stage that was named the 007 stage where most of the James Bond sets were located. The houses are often also rented out to smaller productions but also productions that are often from other countries that needed to film in England for a number of different reasons. In the Hobbit, Sir Peter Jackson needed to film in London for critical scenes for the film only because the two actors were unable to fly out to New Zealand.[17]

Outsourcing Outsourcing equipment and crew are done for a number of different reasons, one way that is if the production is on a large scale that it is not possible to film everything in the time period they have been set. So to get all the footage that the production needs, the director and production team will put together a team that is often called the secondary unit. This unit's role it to film the footage that is not possible for the main unit to film. Also be outsourcing equipment such as cameras is important if a shot is needed to be captured from a range of different positions, this is commonly done during large action scenes to capture a range of different angles. However outsourcing equipment and the people to operated can increase the budget of the production but this can help to complete a scene by getting more equipment such as cameras.

Availability & Costs Outsourcing or renting equipment and facilities can increase the cost of the production. However it also takes an impact if the people that operate the equipment are unavailable to work like if they are needed on another project. The ways that this can over come is by planning the scenes in detail and hiring the extra equipment, facilities and people ahead of time to make sure that everything is covered to allow the shoot to go ahead.

My ProductionFor my production, I will be using a Canon 700D as my camera of choice, be using only one camera it does cause problems when shooting as I will needed to change camera position to change angle. However my using a single camera it allows me to work very closely with the cast to make sure that when editing the footage flows smoothly together. Also on my shoot I will be using a zoom microphone recorder to capture audio files of the environment, dialog and small sounds that might not be picked up by the audience but is noticed when they are not there. Using only natural light in the production will keep the darker mood of the production but most of this will be done during editing. By using Final Cut as my editing software I will be able to give my drama the dark feel to it to work with the genre and the actions that take place in my projection.

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MaterialsThere a range of different materials that are used in productions to make it more real for the audience but also to help the actors to feel more related to their characters instead of just playing a role.

Original material is all the footage that is filmed by the production company in the production or material that has been created for that drama. This can be any footage or images that have been taken for that production.

Archive Material accounts for all material that has been used in the past and then is reused to give the report or documentary more credibility. This type of materials is normally stored in the production company files such as like the BBC who store their footage to use again if needed.

Library material is any material that can be classed as stock filed this mean that the images, sound or footage is copyright free and the owner has given permission that their material can be used however this is not always the case. Some of the library material might have some copyright clearance and the production team must ensure that all material has clearance before it is used.

When material is taken from the internet, it is often referenced so the viewer knows where that image or clip has been taken from so that the audience can look for it themselves. The uses of the internet has become more and more common in productions due to the growing

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use of it in modern life, this in itself helps the audience to relate to the characters they are watching.

By using assets or also called branding in production tells the audience about who is production the production like for all BBC productions the logo of the BBC is viewed and this is also done for other tv programs such as the ITV. This is mainly due to the production company that is creating the production and branding the drama or film as theirs. [27]

Audio for a production piece can be either for the end result piece such as dialog or background audio that has been created to make the drama more believable or audio files can be used in the drama piece itself, one way of this is a tape of a voice with is commonly used in crime dramas such as in the itv series ‘Unforgotten’ audio from the interview room and on the phone audio is used to give the audience information about what is happening in that scene.

The script is a ever changing thing as the narrative can be changed to fit the new storylines that are being created or the actor who is playing the character has developed them in such a way that the old lines don’t work for the new character. This also can be if the scriptwriters are a different nationality from the character and if the actor is of the same nationality as the character the script might be changed to work with that country's slang. This is also true to military style productions to overcome this a military expert is normally hired to make sure that the drama is staying true to the military the drama or film is portraying. For example when filming ‘Ultimate Force’ (2002) created by Rob Heyland and Chris Ryan. Chris Ryan one of the creators of the tv show was infact a member of the British Army Special Air Service. As the drama follows the missions of a unit within the S.A.S Ryan was involved in making sure that the series ran very close to the true events that a member of the S.A.S would be involved with. [30]

Animatics are often used to create a visual storyboard that the director can view to see how the film will look when completed but also this allows the director, the cinematographer and the rest of the production team will look at what camera angles. This can also help the director see about what is needed in terms of locations, cast and also can add dialog so they can hear the script from the page. This helps also to work out how the script sounds and to see if any changes to make the narrative to flow more natural. [31]

Motion Graphics are digital footage that are used to create illusions, these are often placed with audio to create the illusion of movement. Special effects use graphics and animations as create the characters, locations or actions scene needed for the production. Motion Graphics allows the image that is created fit into the real footage and it doesn’t look out of place. That is one problem that designers have, that the CGI is visible and doesn’t match with the real footage that has been filmed.[32]

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Interviews for a documentary are very important in giving the audience some answers about the topic in question that in a way might not be explained in much detail by the narrator. By doing interviews the person in question is given the audience key information that might explain the next piece of footage or the precious one. For example, during filming ‘Ross Kemp in Afghanistan’ (2007) directed by John Conroy Kemp interviewed a range of different soldiers of different ranks and their families about the impact of the modern war on the people who are dealing with it. This also allows the audience to see the effects that the war is having on the people who are fighting on the frontline. Also emotionally it hits hard when it is shown that one of the men that Kemp interviewed was killed only a few months after the interview.[28]

The costumes in the production will give the audience key information about the time period but also social class of the production. This allows also the audience to get more information about the character about how the character is dressed but also about what style of life they have. This can be shown through how the clothes have been treated like if there is repairs to the clothing shows that the person has very little money to spend on clothing. In some productions the costumes the characters wear helps to show what job the characters do but also the safety steps that are in place to protect the real people who do those jobs. For example, Ladder 49 (2004) directed by Jay Russell as the film follows the lives of firefighters the actors were dressed in real firefighting equipment all help the actors to play the roles they were playing but also to show the audience that there are real people under the uniform and that they are human who can get hurt or killed saving others.[6]

When using properties such as logos it is important that the production has clearance to use these as a logo of a company is theirs and a production needs to make sure that they get clearance to film or use anything that holds a logo. However if clearances are to taken, it can cause problems for the production team when trying to get clearances at that time.

Recorded music is commonly the term for music that has been recorded be an artist and which needs clearance from the artists themselves or the record company. The reason for this is because whoever creates the music has claimed it as theirs which stops productions from picking the music without permission.

Sourcing the materials can be from a range of different of areas. For music or library footage often this is found on sites that will allow the production team to collect it and use it. Other materials are often made or brought from companies that are hired by the production team to create or find props, costumes or set dressing that fit with the theme of the production.

Costs of materials can change depending on what the material is. If a costume has to be designed by someone so it only fits that actor it can cost more than a costume that can be

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worn by different people. Also as most footage, audio or music is mostly copyrighted, some cost is needed to make sure that the production team as clearance from the people involved to allow them to use that footage in their production.

Getting clearances for any materials used in any production is important as it can cause problems if not done before. Like a company logo might have not been checked for clearance and if the company says no to the use of their logo the production team will have to re-film that scene or try to remove the object or logo as quickly as possible without making it visible to the audience. But also using music that is owned by someone like using a song in a scene, a clearance is needed to make sure that they can uses that song which is ever the artists or their record company.

My ProductionMuch of the material that I use during my production is mainly original or internet collected. This is mainly because most of the material needed is set around the crime that has taken place and put together like a criminal case would. Most of the materials are ever donated or created keeping the drama as close to the truth as possible to this drama. For the costumes, they will be sourced depending on the style of the character and that fits with the character’s life. Music from artists would needed clearance for usage of their music in any production. Before filming a list of which clearances are needed to allow the production and filming to run more smoothly. Contributors By having contributors on hand, the production team can call on their skills and knowledge to help keep their production close to the real life action that they want to show their audience. Most of these contributors have had the training of the character that they are dealing with, this is very common of military and police productions that there is nearly always a expert or specialist who have done the job that the actors they are training need to learn to allow the audience to believe in the characters.

Specialists & ExpertsSpecialists and experts are often bought in to help keep the production as close to the real thing as possible. This is very common in police and military productions, and often the production team will hire an expert to come in and not just explain to them but also to the cast about what is needed of them to create a realic production that the audience will enjoy.When filming ‘Ultimate Force’ (2002) created by Rob Heyland and Chris Ryan. One of the creators, Chris Ryan was a former member of the British Army Special Air Service or the S.A.S. As a soldier Ryan was involved with the famous mission ‘Bravo Two Zero’ and made history as the only soldier to escape from the mission and for the longest ever escape and evasion be any soldier in the British Army as he covered over 100 miles of enemy country to escape to another country. As one of the creators Ryan was able to make sure that the TV Series followed every closely to the true facts about his old regiment and allowed the audience to see a small part at what it took to make a soldier one of the best. [30]

Also in ‘Chicago PD’ NBC (2014) Created by Dick Wolf, the production team hired police consultant Charles Barrango to come and help keeping the TV Series as close as the real thing as possible

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but also safe for the actors. [33] Both Ultimate Force and Chicago PD have little hints in them that real cops or military personnel will notice more than cillivans would such as the way that the cast hold their weapon or the training that they do. All of these help the audience to feel that the drama they are watching is real or based on real events.

Public The Public can sometimes help when filming on location, during large scale scenes extras are commonly found in the locations local area keeping the overall feeling of the location. However sometimes the public can cause problems for the film crew on set by jumping into shot or disturbing the scene, this is the reason why for some productions close down the area to which they are using to film to stop the public from gaining access. On the other hand this does cause problems for the day to day lives of the public. On production which allowed the public to get involved was ‘Mrs Brown’s Boys D’Movie’ (2014) directed by Ben Kellett, during the opening scene, a block of flats were used as a background location for the film but the problem that the production team found when arriving at the location was that the people who lived in the block were out watching what was going on as it is not often that the film crew uses that area. However instead of seeing this as a problem, the director and productor thought that by using the public in that scene will give the film more of a different feeling to it as the film is a comedy but also is used to show the different areas of Dublin as this became a character in itself. [41]

When filming Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part One (2010) directed by David Yates, a scene from the book that was very important to the film was filmed in London. The production ended up closing down Piccadilly Circus which has not happened for a film in thirty-two years, to the public and then bring in five hundred extras,thirty-five cars, fifteen black london cabs, one limo, five buses and one police car. This is a time when the public was kept away from the film crew as it allowed the crew to trust that no one would interfere with the scene which can happen if the public was allowed to take part. [40]

Contributor BiographiesA contributor biographies are people who write the story about someone's life, this can be for a number of different reasons and during a production that was based on that person in particular. This is when the production team might contact the contributor biography to help with creating the production in such a way that it remains true to the person’s past. Also it is a about the person's experience in the film industry or if they have worked on any other production before. This allows the production to know that the person they have employed knows what it is like to work in that type of environment.

My ProductionFor my production, an expert on police/prison consultant on how the police will react to such a crime and how they will work to solve it. This will allow my production to keep as close to the truth as possible about how a police case file would be put together against someone.

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LocationsThe locations within a production is very important to the narrative of the production. This is mainly because the locations can also be classed as a character itself. Some locations are used to increase the character's history and can explain why they react to something in a different way. In Ladder 49 (2004) directed by Jay Russell the location of the fire that the audience is shown in the beginning highens the action from within the film showing the audience that when Jack gets trapped in the building there is nowhere to escape but to go down. After the audience see that he is trapped and nowhere to go they start to feel a more emotional bond to this character that they are introduced too.[6]

Recces & IdentificationsReeces is a term used by the production team when looking for the best locations to shoot in, in the beginning a list of locations is put together with information about what it is needed to be used for. This is then handed over to the location scouts who will work on locating somewhere that fits the needs of the directors. After a list of locations have been created the director along with a number of the production team will then visit the location. This is to identify the points that they needed to work out if they were to film in that location. The production team will start to plan about how they are going to work in that locations such as where they are going to place the tents to fed and water the cast and crew, how they are going to get from and to the location and where can they place the camera. For The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012) Created by Sir Peter Jackson, when scouting for locations the production team had the problem of having to

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fly everything into some of the locations that were cut off from the normal footpaths. This created a problem of having to fly everyone of the cast and crew along with all the equipment needed. The risk that this caused was when the cast was filming on a mountain side and quickly the fog came down which left a number of the crew stranded on the mountain side until it was safe to lift them out. [17]

Limitations and RisksFilming on locations do have its risks and limitations. The risks of filming on location is not just to the cast but also the crew. Setting up camera equipment on uneven ground can be dangerous and more so if the camera has to be moving to get the shot the director wants. When dollies are used grips must be very careful about using the tracks and to make sure that the rest of the crew and cast know where the tracks are laid and the dollies are not left in a way that can cause injury to anyone. One of the problems that film crews face is the weather, if a scene is needed to be set on a sunny day and the day that the crew get to the location and it's pouring down with rain, they are unable to film. However things can be done to help the crew film like covering the equipment and be trying to shelter the actors as long ass possible so they can get the shot if they are unable to return to the location. This will also affect the costs of filming in the location as they will need to see if they can book the location out again. If a film crew needs to film in a location such as a beach, tidal changes are a real problem. [36, 37] During filming of the Hobbit The Desolation of Smaug (2013) directed by Sir Peter Jackson, and the famous barrel scene the team had some problems when filming. After working on the shore of the river the production team was given a weather warning for that area and a few hours later the place where the crew and the cast were was under water. This is a clear risk for any production company filming on the shores of a river, that they cannot control how the river acts. This was also a point that the production team had to deal with as the Marlborough's Pelorus River was a fast flowing river with strong currents. This was a serious risk to the cast they were putting in the water. Because of this risk, safety boats and crew were brought in to make sure the actors were not at risk of been swept out farther down river. [39] Also the distance between the studio and the location is a point that the production team needs to look at when chosen the location as if the location is not in driving distance of the studio accommodation will need to be made for the cast and crew.

My ProductionThe three main locations that I am using for my production is the Headland Beach, a car and an open area park location. These locations are very important to the narrative because each location will appear a number of different times as they hold a link that the audience is given about what truly happened. The main location that will need a risk assessment is the beach location as the area is outside of my control and will needed to be assessed before filming.The car in the drama belongs to Phoebe Williams and is also the vehicle that she uses to transport the body to the beach, it is also the location that Phoebe uses to try and collect herself in private place away from everyone else. It is also where she tries to collect herself before she does anything. This link between both of the other locations show that Phoebe doesn't want to get caught and will try to do anything to hide her crime.The beach is where Phoebe choses to get rid of her friend’s body, this is mainly due to another girl dying at the beach after hitting her head off the rocks at night where she couldn’t see the tide coming in and drowned. This is also a place where she comes to clear her head as it brings

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her good memories with her family and her friend. The area of Headland beach we will be using is an area of the beach that isn't commonly used which gives a good location to film this depressing part of the drama. This will allow filming to happen without many pauses and gives the audience a view into the character's world.The Burn Valley Park is another public location is where the two friends meet up as Phoebe drives Rachel to the location and as they sit down on the grass normally with the car lights pointing at them to light up the area. This location is close to where Phoebe lives but gives her some freedom to be away from her parents. For the interview room scene, the location will be based in one of the college music rooms as this will allow the room to be quiet for the interview style that is similar to what the feeling of an interview room will feel like for someone who has done something wrong and knows that they have been found out by the police.Market Research Before starting my project, I started to look more closely at what the audience members prefer to watch and the narrative that they liked was very helpful to me in the respect of backing up my original idea. This was also very helpful to shape my idea in a way that respected the story behind the drama but also to improve the narrative in such a way that would draw the audience members into the narrative. To gather this information, I chose to start a drama survey on the site SurveyMonkey an online survey builder that is very helpful with gathering information on a range of questions that I designed around the original design of my production but this is more so as SurveyMonkey has a ten question limit so my questions needed to fit around my theme and to get the answers that would help me shape my production. By sending this survey through social media allowed me to gather a range of different opinions. By sharing this on the site Facebook, I was able to gather a good spread of opinions to help me to plan my drama not just to appear to one type of audience but to diverse range. One of the questions that I chose to ask was about the style of drama people were commonly into watching. I did this not to change my idea as I wanted to work on a crime genre however this was to make sure that I did have an audience for my style of drama. However with the results that I collected I found that the crime topic was the most well liked out of many of the dramas. The other question that I wanted to get an opinion on, and one that wouldn’t affect the production much was which narrative would people prefer. The storyline that I wanted to use was the one of which is not commonly used in many dramas and that is to follow the steps and feelings of the murderer

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themselves with very little view on the other story lines that could run alongside it. However for the production I found that by only just following one storyline wouldn’t help to explain the drama in its full form so within this drama I was planning on linking the murder’s life and the police’s as they start to investigate the crime to ask more questions about the crime that possibly could bring different opinions about the case and the act itself.Looking more closely at the reasons for why a friend would injure or kill their friend in a fit of rage was very much needed as at this point I was having trouble with choosing a storyline that would work well with the overall plot and one that people could believe in themselves. The most popular reason that the survey gave was a betrayal of trust. This reason started to in my opinion appear more correct within the style of drama and a strong possibility why two friends would suddenly before enemies overnight. By using this example I found that this style of betrayal could make someone react in a way that they wouldn’t commonly be like. From the survey as a whole, I found the backing that I needed to push my production forward. By focusing on a crime themed drama I found that by collecting the information from the survey I started to more closely at other crime dramas that focuses on the murderer’s or the person who is suspected to the be the murderers’ side of the story and I found that this is a drama plot isn’t followed commonly however looking at the drama’s that do follow this narrative, 'Prey' (2014) ITV drama created by Chris Lunt I found that it is very commonly folded with the police’s side of the story so the audience can understand more about what is happening within the drama.[44] By looking at both the survey and by looking at what drama are already out there to make sure that there is a market for that style of drama but also to see how my production is different to the dramas that are already on air.

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Codes and Regulations Codes and Regulations are very important part of any productions as it is what can make or break a production. Without regulations anyone could take someone else's work and act like it is their own.

ClearancesClearances are rights for a production to be shown or used in the public domain. This is to show that the director and the production team have permission to use everything that is used in their production.

Mechanical Copyright Protection Society & Performing Rights Society AllianceThe PRS or the performing right society role is to protect the rights of the performers. If a piece of music is played in public inside or out of the home. The PRS makes sure that the royalties is paid to the people who own the music such as the songwriters, composer or publisher when the music is played in public. The PRS doesn’t just mean in live events but also in television, radio, online or in shops. [43]

The MCPSs role is to protect the mechanical rights of the songwriters, composers or publisher when a piece of music is used in a production. The MCPSs works mainly when the music is reproduced as a physical product such as a DVD or for placing the production online. [43]

For example, Robin Thicke was sued after he had ripped off another artist's song when writing his own hit song ‘Blurred Lines’. This caused a large lawsuit against Thicke and Pharrell Williams after it was proven that they had taken a song written by Marvin Gaye’s song ‘Got to Give It Up’ when they had wrote their song. In the end the two songwriters had to pay around $7.3 million to Gaye’s family.[45] This is the reason why applying for copyright clearance is very important as the fallout from such a mistake can cost the production company as much as the production they were making.

Model Releases

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Model Releases are disclaimers for a range of different areas within the production process. This can range from the safety of the crew and cast within the filming location to the release of the actor’s image. However for the actor’s image this disclaimer allows the the film to use the actor’s image within the production by the actor signing a clearance agreement allowing the production to use their actions.

Location PermissionsWhen filming on location if on private land, the production company needs to have permission to film on that location. By filming on private land the land itself is owned by the owner and permission from the owner is needed for the production company to use the land within the film. However this is very different if the land is public, in England, public places can be filmed without permission if the location is outside.

LegalCopyrightCopyright legal permission is very important when filming a production because by using other people’s work it allows more time to be focused on the production. Instead of paying for the artist to make the track for the production, when the production company can pay to use a track already made by paying the artist for using their track. Also this helps to protect material made from others to be protected from other filmmakers or artists so permission is needed to use these materials within their own production.

Health and SafetyHealth and safety legal forms are needed to make sure that the locations and the sets are safe to work in and the risks of injury to both the crew and the cast are limited as much as possible. Risk assessments are commonly completed by a health and safety trained officer to list the possible risks of the location but also to the problems with filming on it. This can be from unstable ground, weather conditions, the public, transport dangers and the effect of the production has on the location. These all can cause safety problems with the location that need to be watched carefully, however this is more so when stunts are performed on location. During the filming of the Lord of the Rings: Two Towers (2002) Created by Sir Peter Jackson, a burning of houses on a location became very dangerous when the wind direction changed causing the flames to be pushed towards a camera crew placing them at serious risk. The camera team were able to escape the flames leaving the camera still rolling.This was a serious risk however one that was determined by the safety officer before hand and the film crew had been told of a clear escape route away from the location where their camera equipment was set up. [46] This is the reason why it is important that an health and safety officer had visited the location before hand to complete the reports and if possible and more importantly so when stunts were being performed incase anything goes wrong.

InsuranceThe insurance that a production company would make sure they had covered in case anything would happen during production, however individual members of the cast and crew if belonging to a trade union have already been covered by the union in insurance which would cover them in case anything was to happen on set like an injury.

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Public Liability Insurance is very important to a production incase of any injuries that could possibly happen on the film site but also this is also linked to if the public is affected by the film crew. One example for the reason for this insurance is tripping over camera equipment, because of this risk having public liabilities helps to make sure that the production company is covered in case anything happens. Some trade unions however do offer public liabilities within its member’s contact.

Completion InsuranceCompletion Insurance is a bond that is placed between the production company and the client. This bond holds the production company to the original contract like the production’s deadline. If the deadline runs over the original time period, the client can claim compensation for the delay. However it is very important that a bond between both the client and the production company to build a strong connection almost like a friendship so the communication between the two groups can be increased if their is a problem during production.

Regulatory BodiesBritish Board of Film ClassificationsThe British Board of Film Classifications is very important to the production industry. This classification body helps to classific a production into an age range target to which is safe of an age group depending on the language and actions within a drama. These age ranges span from U to R18. These ages help to protect younger viewers from images or language that are unsuitable for a younger audience and for their protection all films and productions have an age placed onto it similar to how television programmes that are not suitable for young viewers are commonly played late at night to limit the risks of young viewers watching them. [38, 49]

For example ‘Cuffs’ (2015) BBC One, created by Julie Gearey was marked by the bbfc as a 15 age limit. This limit is mainly due to the nature of the series and the language that is played throughout the series. [9]

Trade UnionsTrade Unions are well known organised group of workers who come together to achieve a common goal within their number to help all those involved. However a trade union also will offer legal aid and advice to its member if needed. Also each member is offered benefits that could help them during production for example BECTU offers public liability insurance for it’s members who mainly work as freelance filmmakers. Trade Unions also have access to resources that could be difficult to those who work alone to know who to contact if they need anything with means that the union can link them to other professionals. Also the trade unions also work better with large numbers so they could work on improving their livelihood on events that could help work out the best ways to improve the industry.

PACT

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The PACT stands for the Producers’ Alliance for Cinema and Television. PACT is a trade union that work with companies that are involved with productions, this company protects their clients from a range of different problems that their clients could face. Companies that work in the production industries can apply for a Film Producer membership with the trade union. [47]

BECTU BECTU stands for the Broadcasting Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union. This trade union is for freelance production teams that works mainly on their own. These freelance personal, as working on their own do not have the backing of a company like members of PACT by the company that they work with. So the BECTU, is a union that gives the freelance filmmakers allows them to have a voice within the industry. [48]

Trade AssociationA trade association participates in public relations between the production company and their audience. This allows film companies to be brought together to share ideas of productions that could be developed. These also allows other production companies that mainly work with advertising to help the production to connect more with their audience that they are facing. One example of this is the Ukie, a supporting Uk’s game and interactive entertainment industry that ‘offer both the voice and action that the UK games industry needs.’ That was said by it’s Lead Designer and Founder John Tearle. This means that the association offers support, advice and guidance to companies through the channels of the industry. [50]

My ProductionFor my production, I knew that with the planning of using the music tracks within the car flashback scenes, copyright clearances need to be gathered from the owners of each track for permission to use their tracks within the scene. However if this production was to come out on DVD or be sold online this is when the MCPS would get involved as royalties would need to be agreed whether the owners would allow the song to be used in the one payment method or if the owners of the song would want to get paid for each copy of the drama. This is also true with the instrumental music that plays throughout the production.

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