Drainage system Notes
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Transcript of Drainage system Notes
4.0 D
RAINAGE
SYSTE
M
PR
EP
AR
ED
BY : H
AD
I ZA
H B
I NT
I MO
HD
KA
SS
I M ( D
EC
20
11
)
SUB TOPIC IN CHAPTER 4
4.1 Understand systems of drainage
4.1.1 Explain water disposal system
a. ground disposal system
b. below ground disposal system
4.1.2 Explain drainage below ground system for medium
sized building
a. separate system
b. combined system
c. partially separate system
4.1.3 Recognize materials for underground pipes
4.1.4 Explain surface drains
4.1.5 Recognize shapes and materials for surface drains
4.1 DRAINAGE SYSTEM
The efficient disposal of waste and surface water from a building is important to:
i) public health (kesihatan awam)
ii) an essential part of the construction of
a building ( Bahagian yang penting
untuk pembinaan bangunaan).
« to disposal soil, waste and surface water from buildings or domestic buildings to septic tank
or sewerage treatment plant.»
WHAT HAPPENED IF THE DRAIN IS NOT STRONG AND
LEAKS ????????
water pollution andrisk in building
irrigationKNOWLEDGE
4.1.1 WATER DISPOSAL SYSTEM
TWO TYPES OF DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
GROUND DISPOSAL SYSTEM
BELOW GROUND
DISPOSAL SYSTEM
4.1.1 GROUND DISPOSAL SYSTEM
Include : one pipe system
: two pipe system
: single stack system
It is a process that soil, waste water, rain water from the building go to manhole before entering septic tank……………………..
Figure: Super Septic
4.1.2 DRAINAGE BELOW GROUND SYSTEM FOR MEDIUM SIZED BUILDING
DRAINAGE BELOW
GROUND SYSTEM
Sistem Bergabung
(Combined System)
Sistem Berasingan
(Separate System)
Sistem Berasingan Separa
(Partially Separate System)
A) COMBINED SYSTEM
The waste water from:-
i) Sanitary appliances
ii) Surface water from the roofs and paved area
Are conveyed by a single underground drain to a one combined sewer.
As the surface and water are combined together in the sewer therefore the cost of sewerage disposal is increased.Advantages : economical installation costs for
pipe, easy and does not required a lot of pipes. It use sewer which has a big diameter.
Disadvantages: it’s not suitable used in Malaysia (tropical) because sewerage treatment can’t treat all waste water and rain in big quantities.
Figure: Combined System
B) SEPERATED SYSTEM
Two drainage pipes were been used ;
i. Soil and Waste water drain
ii. Surface drain« waste water from sanitary fittings waste
water drain waste water sewer »
« Rain water and surface water public surface water river »
M
Advantages : Two separate sewer therefore the size of the sewer pipes are small.The sewer are embedded underground for hygiene and avoid contamination.
Disadvantages : Expensive in installation.
Figure : Separate System
Sanitary Fittings
Man hole
Surface drain
Public Sewer
Figure : Separate System
C) PARTIALLY SEPARATE SYSTEM
The waste water from;
i) The sanitary appliances are conveyed to an underground foul water drain to the sewer.
ii) The surface water from the roofs and paved area (sometimes from sink) are drained to another underground drain to the sewer.
There are:
iii)Two separate underground drainage
iv)Connected to a one public sewer
Figure : Partially Separate System
MATERIALS FOR UNDERGROUND PIPES
Tanah liatCiri-ciri
Tahan kakisan apabila dipasan dalam tanah biasaMudah pecah apabila ditimpa beban
Kedudukan pemasanganSesuai apabila paip dipasang dari permukaan atau
tiada beban diatas tanah
Besi tuang (Cast Iron)Ciri-ciri
Kurang tahan kepada kakisan apabila tanah berasid
Memerlukan selaput enamel tahan kakisan jika persekitaran berasid
Tahan kepada beban berat
Kedudukan pemasanganSesuai apabila beban tinggi pada permukaan
tanahDitanam cetek dibawah bangunanTanah yang tidak stabil
Figure: Example of Cast iron
ConcreteCiri-ciri
Tidak tahan kakisan
Kedudukan pemasanganSesuai digunakan untuk saiz besarSesuai untuk kawasan yang terlindung
Paip PVCCiri-ciri
Tahan kakisanBoleh lentur apabila kena bebanMudah dipasangRingan
Kedudukan pemasanganSesuai dalam san luar bangunan
uPVCCiri-ciri
Mudah dibentukKurang sambungan
Kedudukan pemasanganTanah kandungan kimia tinggi
Paip gentianCiri-ciri
Keanjalan tinggiTahan kakisanMudah dipasang,ringan dan menjimatkanTidak tahan kepada solvent petrol,kimia dan
lemak
Kedudukan pemasanganSesuai untuk tanah tidak stabil
SURFACE DRAIN
Types of surface drain:
i) Pre Cast V Drain
ii) Pre Cast U Drain
iii) RC Drain
iv) Half Round Drain
v) Cascading
vi) Scupper
vii) Roadside
i) Pre Cast V Drain Characteristic:• ‘V’ shape.•Usually in along road or beside hill’s slope
Figure : Pre Cast V Drain
ii) Pre Cast U DrainCharacteristic:• ‘U’ shape.• Usually at around building or house.
Figure : Pre Cast u Drain
iii) R.C DrainCharacteristic:
• Drainage that being consilidate with concrete and reinforcement.• Builds straight at site using pre-cast method. • Usually build besides the road.
Figure : R.C Drain
iv) Half Round Drain
Characteristic:•Usually builds in resident area, and low level ground area.
Figure : Half Round Drain
v) Cascading DrainCharacteristic:• Shape like a stair.• Can give support to hill’s slope.• Construction based on hill’s slope.• Usually builds in hill’s slope besides the road.
Figure : Cascading Drain
vi) Scupper Drain.Characteristic:
• Builds along besides the road.• Sumped water besides the road will flow
throught this drainage.
Figure : Scupper Drain
vii) Roadside DrainCharacteristic:
• Builds besides the roads.• To avoid the roadd being flooded.
Figure : Roadside Drain
SHAPES AND MATERIALS FOR SURFACE DRAINSHAPES
i. Round Shaped Made of concrete and steel.
Function:
• Build as water drainage tunnel.
• Usually at besides the road.
• Relate the seperated road by drain.
Figure : Round Culvert
ii) Square shaped. Made from the concrete.
Function:
• Builds to flow the water from drain for avoid stuck.
• To relate a separated road that being caused by small river.
• Suitable used for road that carry a heavy vehicles such as bus and lorry.
Figure : Box Culvert
MANHOLE4.2 Understand manhole (inspection chamber)
4.2.1 Explain manhole construction
4.2.2 Explain types of materials used in manhole construction :
a. brick
b. precast concrete
c. cast iron
4.2.3 Discuss access point to drains at following points:
a. change of direction / at a bend
b. change of levels
c. change of pipe size
d. on long runs.
4.3 Understand the Uniform Building By-Laws regarding drainage system.
4.3.1 Describe the application of UBBL in designing and installing the drainage system.
EXPLAIN MANHOLE CONSTRUCTION
Manhole and inspection chamber are spaces or holes constructed at a particular location above a drainage pipe or sewer pipe, and they have removable cover.
The size of an Inspection chamber is smaller than the size of a manhole, and it is less than 1m deep. As such, the chamber size is small for man entry.
The Functions of manhole and inspection chamber are to ease inspection, testing, cleaning and water sampling works.
CONSTRUCTION AND THE USAGE OF INSPECTION MANHOLE IN UNDERGROUND WATER DISPOSAL SYSTEM.Meaning and characteristic of manhole:• Know as check hole, manhole is a construction that
stay at ground.• It is build to make maintenance work easier if there is
a failure or siphonage at drainage system.• Construction material of manhole usually using brick
or concrete.• Manhole shape is in many types, which is for example,
square, round shape, ‘T’ shape or ‘L’ shape.• Usually, square shape is used.• Every manhole have a cover that made of steel with a
size 18”-21”.
Figure: Manhole
EXPLAIN TYPES OF MATERIALS USED IN MANHOLE CONSTRUCTION :
Installation
• Complicated Work
• Require high quality Construction
Durability
• Long Lasting• Possibility of
leakage(bocor)
Material
• Cement and brick
• Mortar
BRICK
Installation• Simple• Fast
Durability
• Durable(tahan Lama)
• Poor resistance to acid
Material • Concrete
PRE-CASTCONCRETE
Installation
• Lightweight(ringan)
• Simple• Fast
Durability
• Durable• Long
Lasting• Watertight
(kedap air)
Material• HDPE• uPVC
PLASTIC
NOTE:HDPE = High Density PolyethyteneuPVC = Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride
ACCESS POINT TO DRAINS AT FOLLOWING POINTS:
a. change in drainage pipe direction perubahan arah paip salir
b. JunctionPersimpangan
c. change in gradient/levelsperubahan kecerunan
d. change of drainage pipe sizeperubahan saiz paip salir
e. long pipeline paip saliran yang panjang
Discuss and sketch the layout the underground pipe disposal and inspection manhole.
A. LURANG - MANHOLEB. PAIP PEMBUANGAN PERSENDIRIAN – WASTE PIPEC. PAIP PEMBUANGAN AWAM – PUBLIC WASTE PIPED. SUPER SAPTIC – SEPTIC TANKE. PAPAN TANDA - F. TANGKI PENGAGIHAN G. CLARIFIERH. SLUDGE DIGESTERI. SUNGAI - RIVER
Figure: Manhole Detail
Location of manholes and inspection chambers
A cross section of manholes at change of gradient.
PEMBINAAN LURANG
1.Mestilah dibina dengan saiz dan bentuk yang sesuai untuk merodak apabila tersumbat.2.Batu- bata dengan simen motar sekurang-kurangnya 225 mm bancuhan simen motar ialah1:3