Dr. Melvin Hale's Opposition to Derek Wilson and Deidra Elijah's Motion to Dismiss Third Amended...

8/17/2019 Dr. Melvin Hale's Opposition to Derek Wilson and Deidra Elijah's Motion to Dismiss Third Amended Complaint - Em…

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DECMJB –Y LAXCAK XA HCYLCYY XBC^H JLDKHDH IALVEJCKX

Hdgdkhjkts Hdrdo Pcesak jkh Hdchrj Decmjb iejcl tbjt tbcs Iaurt sbaueh hcslcss

pejcktcgg‑s Xbcrh Jldkhdh Ialpejckt. Vejcktcgg bjs sd t gartb tbjt tbdsd hdgdkhjkts okawckèy

rdctdrjtdh tbd mjràk ag j gejwdh ckvdstc`jtcak ck wbcib dvchdkid wjs ljkugjiturdh, jkh Hr. Bjed

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Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d : ag :>:


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wjs rdtjecjtdh j`jckst, hdgjldh, stc`ljtczdh, pejidh ck j gjesd ec`bt, jkh bcs cktd`rcty qudstcakdh,

jee gar rdpartck` j bjtd ircld jkh rjicsl ck YECL. Vejcktcgg wcee sbaw tbjt natb Pcesak jkh

Decmjb jrd djib pdrsakjeey rdspakscned gar tbdcr jits js dlpeaydds jkh/ar j`dkts ag DYT, jkh tbjt

tbdy okdw tbd gjits ck jhvjkid ag tbd Ydptdlndr 3 tb Wcdttc jkh Mabksak prdss iakgdrdkid (Hai.

83, p`s. 9-:7), jkh edjrkdh lard gjits jgtdr tbd prdss iakgdrdkid, nut tbjt tbdy rdctdrjtdh tbd

mjràk ag tbd prdss iakgdrdkid, wbced usck` edjhdrsbcp raeds ta iakvckid atbdrs ta ha tbd sjld.

Xbdsd twa hdgdkhjkts hch tbcs gar pdrsakje `jck. Xbcs cs j sbjl pedjhck`, j gckje hctib dggart ta

hcvdrt jttdktcak jwjy gral tbd hdecndrjtd jitcaks tbdy ukhdrtaao ck jk cktdktcakje ijlpjc`k ta

hdstray tbd ecvdecbaah jkh rdputjtcak ag jk Jgrcijk-Jldrcijk pragdssar wba hjrdh rdpart j bjtdircld jkh chdktcgy j suspdit.

Hdgdkhjkts vcdwdh pejcktcgg js pawdredss ta stjkh up ta tbd ckstctutcak gral wbcib tbdy

hdrcvdh sc`kcgcijkt pdrsakje ndkdgcts. Xbd prdss iakgdrdkid bdeh ny hdgdkhjkts Wcdttc jkh

Mabksak ak Ydptdlndr 3 tb, >6:4 hdpcitdh Hr. Bjed js j ecjr jkh jk appartukcst wbasd pdridptcak

wjs ―hcggdrdkt“ tbjk atbdrs. (Hai. 83, p`. :8). Bd akey edjrkdh jnaut tbd ―bjtd ircld“ js j

―geuod.“ (Hai. 83, p`. 7). Natb stjtdldkts jrd ialpedtd ecds, jkh jrd ukhdkcjney sejkhdraus.

Bjed‑s iaear jkh rjid edgt bcl vuekdrjned ta jttjios ny j rjicjeey-cksdksctcvd ukcvdrscty

jhlckcstrjtcak. Hr. Bjed rdgusdh ta jeeaw jk d`rd`caus jit ag rjicje j``rdsscak ta à ukibdiodh

jkh wjs clldhcjtdey hdkc`rjtdh jkh njkcsbdh. Hr. Bjed rdpartdh tbd ckichdkt ck jk jiirdhctjtcak

ydjr gar natb DYT jkh YECL. Vejcktcgg wjs partrjydh js jk autschdr, jkh kat j eayje ldlndr ag

―Barkdt Kjtcak.“ Jk Dlparcj @jzdttd stary hjtdh Ydptdlndr :7 tb, >6:4 pravchds j lard

kujkidh jkh jiiurjtd pciturd ag tbd rjicje iecljtd jt DYT= ― Ytuhdkts sdd stugg àck` ak jkh

katbck` ndck` hakd jnaut ct. Pd jrd tbd vacid ag tbcs ijlpus. Aur `dkdrjtcak wjkts j ibjk`d, sa

cg ka akd cs àck` ta ha ct tbdk wd jrd. Pbdk yau jitujeey sct hawk _wctb tbd Bjeds\ jkh bdjr

Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d > ag :>:


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tbdcr pdrspditcvd, tbjt cs wbdk yau ukhdrstjkh tb ck`s tbjt jrd clpartjkt. Dvdk cg ct csk‑t

iakschdrdh j bjtd ircld, ct cs dlatcakjeey bjrlgue. Xbdsd jrd tbck`s tbjt sijr j pdrsak gar tbd rdst

ag tbdcr ecgd.“ J trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag tbd Dlparcj @jzdttd stary cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct J , jkh

cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Xbd jutbar ag tbasd ialldkts= hdgdkhjkt Decmjb. Ybd

ldktcakdh pdrljkdkt sijrrck`, jkh sbd rdialldkhs tbjt pdaped tjeo ta tbd Bjeds ck arhdr ta

ukhdrstjkh tbck`s. Pbjt waueh ljod j pdrsak wctb tbdsd ndecdgs jnruptey iut agg jee

iallukcijtcak1 Jk ukiakstctutcakje ̀ j` arhdr gral tbd ukcvdrscty, jkh pdros1

Xbd gaeeawck` paeciy cs gaukh ck natb tbd stuhdkt jkh dlpeaydd ljkujes js gjitars wbdk

hdtdrlckck` ^jicje jkh/ar Dtbkci Bjrjssldkt= ―^jicje jkh/ar dtbkci bjrjssldkt ljy nd nejtj kt

ar sunted. “ Dxjlpeds ag tbd iakhuit tbjt cs prabcnctdh ckieuhd, nut jrd kat eclctdh ta=

―^dpdjtdh c`karck` ar dxieuhck` ag akd‑s prdsdkid ar dxcstdkid ck j Tkcvdrscty sdttck` .“

Ytuhdkt Vaeciy Ljkuje , 9H6:67.6>.6>. J trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag tbd paeciy cs jttjibdh js

Dxbcnct N , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck.

Hdgdkhjkts Decmjb jkh Pcesak, jkh tbasd tbdy edh, hch dxjitey tbjt? sa jiiarhck` ta cts

awk paeciy, DYT jkh jee hdgdkhjkts jrd ùcety ag ^jicje jkh/ar Dtbkci Bjrjssldkt. Decmjb bjh

rdùejr iallukcijtcaks wctb Jk`decij Bjed up uktce j wddo jgtdr sbd bjh j prcvjtd lddtck` wctb

Wcdttc? j lddtck` wctb Wcdttc jkh tbd NYT Najrh? jkh gckjeey, tbd rdùejr lddtck` ag tbd NYT ak

Ydptdlndr :0 tb, jt j lckclul. Tp ta tbjt tcld, Decmjb saeh Ljrib ak Dlparcj t-sbcrts, jkh awdh

Jk`decij Bjed j vcsct ta rdturk tbd edgtavdr t-sbcrts jkh lakdy gral tbd gukhrjcsck`. Xbd ijee jkhtbd lakdy gar tbd sjeds kdvdr ijld. Decmjb stjtds tbjt dctbdr sbd ar NYT Vrdschdkt Dlljkude

Iaiordee waueh nd `cvck` pejcktcgg ar bcs wcgd j ijee ta hcsiuss tbd autiald ag tbd lddtck`s wctb

Wcdttc, nut tbjt ijee kdvdr ijld, jetbau`b Jk`decij stjtdh tbjt ct wjs clpartjkt gar tbd Bjeds ta

Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d 9 ag :>:


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bdjr njio gral Decmjb. Hdgdkhjkt Decmjb jkh tbd NYT rdpdjtdhey c`kardh jkh dxieuhdh tbd

Bjed ‑s prdsdkid, jkh ―hch kat jiokawedh`d tbdcr dxcstdkid ck j Tkcvdrscty sdttck` .“ Xbcs wjs

ndialck` j gjlcecjr pjttdrk jt DYT. Hdgdkhjkt Hr. Lcrjb Haw taeh Hr. Bjed ck tbd bjeewjy jt

YECL ak Ju`ust >4 tb, >6:4 tbjt hdgdkhjkt Ejundr taeh bdr kat ta tjeo ta bcl. Xbcs prjitcid ag

kat spdjock` ta tbd Bjeds ndijld rjlpjkt jgtdr tbd sejkhdraus prdss iakgdrdkid, jkh jgtdr

hdgjljtary tbck`s wdrd sjch jnaut tbd Bjeds ck prcvjtd ieasdh haar lddtck`s. J trud jkh iarrdit

iapy ag tbd dljce tbjt pejcktcgg sdkt ta Jk`decij Bjed hcsiussck` tbcs ckichdkt cs jttjibdh js

Dxbcnct I , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck.

Ck j rdidkt pddr-rdvcdwdh sicdktcgci maurkje jrtcied dktctedh Cs Kd`jtcvd Jttdktcak Ndttdr

Xbjk Ka Jttdktcak1 Xbd Ialpjrjtcvd Dggdits ag Astrjicsl jkh Bjrjssldkt jt Paro , ansdrvdh

tbjt ―Aur waro ckhcijtds tbjt astrjicsl cs j strak`dr tbrdjt ta akd‑s sdksd ag ndeak`ck` tbjk

bjrjssldkt, jkh j tbrdjtdkdh sdksd ag ndeak`ck` cs jk clpartjkt ldhcjtck` vjrcjned ndtwddk

astrjicsl jkh jk dlpeaydd‑s wdee -ndck` jkh waro-rdejtdh jttctuhds. “ ―Pd hdgckd astrjicsl js jk

ckhcvchuje ar j `raup kd`editck` ta tjod jitcaks tbjt dk`j`d jkatbdr ar`jkczjtcakje ldlndr wbdk

ct waueh nd iustaljry ar jppraprcjtd ta ha sa.“ J trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag tbd rdedvjkt pj`ds

gral tbd stuhy jrd jttjibdh js Dxbcnct H , jkh jrd ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Xbdsd rdsuets

dstjnecsb j psyibaea`cije rjtcakjed gar wby astrjicsl cs j hjlj`ck` dxpdrcdkid. Wcdttc sbukkdh

pejcktcgg jkh ckvctdh atbdrs ta ha tbd sjld? j prclj gjicd vcaejtcak ag ^jicje jkh/ar Dtbkci

Bjrjssldkt.

VJXXD^K AG ^JICYL, ^DXJECJXCAK JKH HCYI^CLCKJXCAK

Vejcktcgg wjs tbd vcitcl ag j pjttdrk ag rjicsl ck YECL, jkh natb Decmjb jkh Pcesak okdw

jnaut tbcs pjttdrk, wbdrd gjiuety ag iaear ck YECL wdrd usbdrdh aut tbd haar jlch jeed`jtcaks ag



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rjicsl jkh hcsirclckjtcak, akey ta nd rdpejidh wctb lard gjiuety ag iaear tbjt waueh uetcljtdey

nd trdjtdh ck j sclcejr gjsbcak. Vejcktcgg hcsiussdh tbdsd pjttdrks wctb natb hdgdkhjkts, sa tbdy

okdw tbjt ct wjs kat passcned ta stjtd tbjt tbdrd wjs ka rjicsl ck YECL. J garldr YECL stuhdkt

pastdh j edttdr gral tbdk Hdjk Jedxjkhdr gar bcs iaeedjùds ta sdd ak Gjidnaao ak Muey >2 tb,

>663 ck wbcib sbd rdgdrs ta ―iakidrks dxprdssdh jnaut tbd rdidkt rdsc`kjtcaks ag Hr. Mabk J`jhj

jkh Hr. Ididecj Yjevjtard.“ Pby iakidrks1 Hr. Mabk J`jhj jkh Hr. Ididecj Yjevjtard jrd natb

pdrsaks ag iaear, jkh ct jppdjrs tbjt tbdy dxctdh jlch iakguscak ak tbd pjrt ag YECL stuhdkts. J

trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag tbcs edttdr cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct D , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid

bdrdck. Jedxjkhdr ckgarls YECL tbjt Hr. ^jmdsb Yck`b wjs ialck`= ―Pd jrd dxictdh jnaut tbdJuùst > jrrcvje ag Hr. ^jmdsb Yck`b.“ Gjst garwjrh ta Ljy >6:8 wbdk Bjed lddts Yck`b jkh

Hr. Ijldrak Xujc hurck` bcs cktdrvcdw jt YECL. Xbdy wdrd tbd akey gjiuety ag iaear. Natb

wdrd tdkurd-trjio gjiuety, jkh Yck`b bjh nddk wctb YECL gcvd ydjrs. Hr. Bjed wjs eaaock`

garwjrh ta warock` wctb tbdl. Bawdvdr, natb Yck`b jkh Xujc wdrd sulljrcey gcrdh ny

Jedxjkhdr sbartey jgtdr Bjed jiidptdh tbd man. Tkndokawkst ta Hr. Bjed, Jedxjkhdr bjh pejkkdh

gar bcl ta nd tbd lckarcty gjiuety rdpejidldkt.

Ck tbd YECL gjiuety lddtck` ak Juùst :> tb, >6:4, clldhcjtdey gaeeawck` tbd Jssaicjtdh

Vrdss stary jnaut hcsirclckjtcak jt YECL jkh DYT, Hr. Njrnjrj Laktàldry, jk Jgrcijk-

Jldrcijk ecnrjry pragdssar, wjs jppravdh gar jhmukit gjiuety stjtus. Laktàldry wjs

rdialldkhdh ny YECL gjiuety ldlndr Hr. ânck Ourz, j Ijuijscjk wba cs j ieasd grcdkh ag

^ctt`drs. Xbd prjitcid ag nrck`ck` pdrsaks ag iaear aknajrh YECL ta ljcktjck jk dxtdrkje

jppdjrjkid ag hcvdrscty jkh ckieuscak, wbced kat jitujeey jiidptck` tbdl js pddrs, cs tbd pjttdrk

jt YECL. J trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag tbd YECL gjiuety j`dkhj gar Juùst :> tb, >6:4,



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Laktàldry‑s nca`rjpby, jkh bdr YECL bald pj`d jrd jttjibdh js Dxbcnct G , jkh jrd

ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck.

Jiiarhck` ta pejcktcgg‑s okawedh`d, ka pdrsaks ag iaear bjvd dvdr jttjckdh tdkurd jt

YECL. Bjed, jkh bcs wcgd, natb Jgrcijk-Jldrcijks, ukwcttckèy jssuldh tbd raed ag ljcktjckck`

j sdlnejkid ag hcvdrscty jkh ckieuscak hurck` jk clpartjkt jiirdhctjtcak ydjr. Gral hjy akd,

Jedxjkhdr hcspjrj`dh natb Hr. Yck`b jkh Hr. Xujc ta tbd Bjeds, iakstjktey mustcgyck` bdr jitcaks

ck edttck` tbdl à. Jedxjkhdr jkh ^ctt`drs hcsiussdh Hr. Yck`b‑s pdrsakje ljttdrs jkh dvdk taeh

Jk`decij Bjed tbjt Hr. Yck`b jnjkhakdh bcs wcgd jkh ibcehrdk ck Ckhcj, jkh rdgusdh ta sdkh tbdl

lakdy. Xbd starcds wdrd purd jh balckdl jttjios. Ck tbd ̂ jmdsb Yck`b ejwsuct, bd iejcls tbjt

Jedxjkhdr gjcedh ta mustcgy bdr rdjsaks gar `cvck` Jkhrdw Ylctb, j Ijuijscjk ljed wctb

sc`kcgcijktey edssdr jijhdlci qujecgcijtcaks tbjk Yck`b, jkh ka ecnrjry hd`rdd, tdkurd jkh tbd tcted

ag Jssaicjtd Hdjk. Jedxjkhdr `jvd Jkhrdw Ylctb tbd appartukcty ta iejcl Yck`b‑s iarkdr

aggcid ck j hcspejy ag pawdr. Aggcids ck last nusckdssds bjvd iakkatjtcaks, jkh ct wjs ka

hcggdrdkt ck YECL. Xurkavdr ck YECL ukhdr Jedxjkhdr hcsprapartcakjtdey jggditdh pdrsaks ag

iaear. Vdrsaks ag iaear wdrd rautckdey usbdrdh ck jkh aut ag YECL hurck` Jedxjkhdr‑s t dkurd.

Hr. Yck`b‑s >6:4 ejwsuct ck tbcs Muhcicje Hcstrcit nrck`s Xcted WCC, OJJH, jkh 8> T.Y.I. § :329

iejcls j`jckst DYT jkh DYT jhlckcstrjtars (Hai. 89-:, p`s. >->2). Xbd hdgdkhjkts wba nrau`bt

tbcs latcak okdw tbjt rjicsl wjs j luib nc``dr cssud ck YECL jkh DYT tbjk wbjt Hr. Bjed jkh

bcs wcgd bjh rdpartdh, ydt tbdy stcee hdgditdh ta tbd jhlckcstrjtcak‑s pasctcak tbjt ka ckstjkids ag

hcsirclckjtcak wdrd hcsiavdrdh ck YECL. Xbdy wdrd ckhuidh ta ha tbcs gar tbd àah ag tbd

Barkdt Kjtcak, jkh gar tbdcr awk àah.

Js stuhdkt dlpeaydds jkh edjhdrs, hdgdkhjkts Hdgdkhjkts Pcesak jkh Decmjb ibasd ta

suppart tbdcr ―Barkdt Kjtcak“ (wbcib ndijld j rjeeyck` iry), hdspctd tbd iast ta Hr. Bjed? jkh



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pejcktcgg wcee sbaw tbjt tbdy rdjpdh ndkdgcts gar edjhck` atbdr stuhdkts ta suppart tbd gjesdbaahs

taeh ny tbd ukcvdrscty. Xbd Bjeds wdrd vcecgcdh ck tbd warst passcned tdrls ck Wcdttc‑s prdss

iakgdrdkid ak Ydptdlndr 3 tb, jkh Pcesak jkh Decmjb okdw Wcdttc‑s jkh Mabksak‑s kjrrjtcvd nard

ectted rdejtcaksbcp ta tbd gjits, ydt natb ljhd j ialpedtd jnaut-gjid. Jt DYT ct cs gjr lard

dxpdhcdkt jkh `jckgue ta suppart tbd aggcicje kjrrjtcvd. Hcsj`rddldkt cs kat taedrjtdh jkh nrajh

ukiakstctutcakje idksarsbcp cs rjlpjkt. Kat akey bjs pejcktcgg jkh bcs wcgd nddk tdrlckjtdh?

jhmukit gjiuety wba suppartdh Hr. Bjed bjvd bjh iaktrjits tdrlckjtdh, jkh stuhdkts wba suppart

bcl jrd ndck` bjrjssdh jkh idksardh, up ta tbd prdsdkt tcld.

:. Dxbjustck` Ojksjs Buljk ^c`bts Iallcsscak Jhlckcstrjtcvd ^dldhcds

Vejcktcgg bjs antjckdh Jhlckcstrjtcvd Ieasurd gral tbd OBÎ. J trud jkh iarrdit iapy

ag tbd haiuldkt rdgdrrck` ta tbjt jitcak cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct @ , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny

rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Vejcktcgg bjs gcedh gar ^diakschdrjtcak ag Hcslcssje Vursujkt ta O.J.^. >:-8:-

:6 . J trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag tbjt haiuldkt cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct B , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny

rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Natb haiuldkts jrd hjtdh Ljy :6, >6:7. Vejcktcgg bjs dxbjustdh bcs OBÎ

jhlckcstrjtcvd rdldhcds jkh bcs Xcted WCC iejcls gar rdtjecjtcak jkh hcsirclckjtcak sbaueh à

garwjrh.

>. Xcted WCC iejcls j`jckst ckhcvchujes jrd ckjppraprcjtd

Vejcktcgg j`rdds tbjt Xcted WCC iejcls jrd ckjppraprcjtd j`jckst ckhcvchujes, jkh bjs jsodh

tbd Iaurt ta strcod tbdsd iejcls js ta jee pdrsaks dxidpt hdgdkhjkt DYT. Xcted WCC iejcls j`jckst

j stjtd ukcvdrscty ijk à garwjrh katwctbstjkhck` tbd Dedvdktb Jldkhldkt. Ylctb v. @rjhy ,

376 G.Yupp.>h 094 (Y.H. Abca >6:9).



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9. Hdgdkhjkts Pcesak jkh Decmjb jkh tbdcr DYT ijpjicty

Hdrdo Pcesak bdeh jt edjst twa mans jt DYT, akd ck Vuneci Yjgdty warock` gar hdgdkhjkt

Ibrcs Baavdr jkh tbd DYT Vaecid Hdpjrtldkt, jkh gar Vragdssar Ybdeey ^awedy, gar wbal bd

wjs j Xdjibck` Jsscstjkt. Pcesak wjs jesa tbd Ytuhdkt Vrdschdkt ag tbd Bakars Iaeed`d,

rdpartck` ta hdgdkhjkt DYT Jssaicjtd Vravast @jry Pyjtt wba cs tbd Hcrditar ag tbd Bakars

Iaeed`d jkh gceedh-ck js Cktdrcl Hdjk ag YECL, rdpejick` @wdk Jedxjkhdr. Ejtdr, @jry Pyjtt

waueh trjksctcak Lcrjb Haw ckta tbd raed js Cktdrcl Hdjk ag YECL. Ct cs jesa clpartjkt ta katd

tbjt Pcesak wjs ck tbd lchhed ag j sdrcaus ijlpjc`k ag saecictck` stuhdkt vatds gar Baldialck`

Ock` ck Aitandr, wbcib bd wak.

Hdchrj Decmjb wjs jk aggcidr ag tbd DYT Nejio Ytuhdkt Tkcak, aggcidr ag ]dtj Vbc Ndtj

Vsc Xju Ibjptdr Yararcty ag DYT, jkh sdirdtjry ag tbd DYT Luetciueturje @rddo Iaukice, stuhdkt

ar`jkczjtcaks tbjt rdey ak ckstctutcakje gukhck`, jkh sbd pdrsakjeey rdidcvds prcvjtd ukcvdrscty

gckjkicje sibaejrsbcp suppart tbrau`b DYT‑s Grdhhcd Ljd Bjrrcs Garhbjl jwjrh. Ybd cs jesa

pjrt ag tbd Edjhdrsbcp Lckar pra`rjl jt DYT, jeak` wctb hdgdkhjkt Ojyej @celard. Hdchrj

Decmjb bjh must trjksctcakdh gral j man gar DYT‑s Yjuhdr Jeulkc Idktdr, pjrt ag tbd ukcvdrscty

jeulkc hdpjrtldkt uktce >6:8, jkh js pjrt ag bdr dhuijtcak ljmar, wjs pejidh js j tdjibdr gar tbd

Dlparcj Yibaae Hcstrcit. Ct cs jesa clpartjkt ta katd tbjt tbd tbrdd rdljckck` stuhdkt hdgdkhjkts,

@celard, Ypaak jkh Iaaedy, jesa DYT stuhdkts, wdrd dlpeaydh ny DYT hurck` tbd pdrcah

iavdrdh ny tbcs ectc`jtcak.

Wcdttc js Cktdrcl Vrdschdkt wjs last rdspakscned gar iakhuitck` tbd iakspcrjiy ta iejcl

tbjt j bjtd ircld hch kat aiiur, jkh sbd dxdrtdh iakschdrjned ckgeudkid js sbd wcdehdh tbd pawdr

ag tbd ckstctutcak. Nut Decmjb jkh Pcesak bjh grddhal ag wcee jkh ibacid, jkh ckstdjh ag tjock`



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tbd prckicpedh stjkhs tbjt typcijeey ukhdrpck stuhdkt pratdst lavdldkts, tbdy ibasd pdrsakje `jck

jkh wcdehdh tbd pawdr ag edjhdrsbcp js j wdjpak, wbcib cs j garl ag iarruptcak, j edssak tbjt

stuhdkts ha kat kddh ta prjitcid ck iaeed`d. Eaaock` tbd atbdr wjy wbdk vcaejtcaks ag buljk

rc`bts aiiur ljods ct djscdr ta ljod atbdr ukprckicpedh hdicscaks ck ecgd. Yaicdty hads kat ndkdgct

gral puneci ukcvdrsctcds tbjt ndbjvd tbcs wjy. Pbjt djib jkh dvdry akd ag tbd hdgdkhjkts hch cs

rdprdbdkscned.

Hdrdo Pcesak

Hr. Bjed jkh bcs wcgd Jk`decij spaod ta Hdrdo Pcesak jkh atbdrs jnaut tbdcr dxpdrcdkids

ta jk ukhdr`rjhujtd iejss tju`bt ny Hr. Ybdeey âwedy ak saicje strjtcgcijtcak jkh rjid ak

Ydptdlndr 2 tb, >6:4, akd hjy ndgard tbd Wcdttc prdss iakgdrdkid. Hdrdo Pcesak ljy bjvd nddk

dlpeaydh js tbd `rjhujtd jsscstjkt gar tbd iejss, jkh bd taeh us jkh tbd iejss tbjt jgtdr bdjrck`

aur stary, bd wjktdh ta pdrsakjeey ijrry tbd ―Hcslcss tbd Hdjk“ sc`k jt tbd lj rib. Gaeeawck`

tbjt iejss, ak Ydptdlndr :6 tb, >6:4, Pcesak pralatdh ckgarljtcak jnaut tbd Ljrib Ak Dlparcj

ck jk dljce nejst ta j ejr`d kulndr ag stuhdkts, ckieuhck` tbd dktcrd Bakars Iaeed`d iabart. J

trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag tbjt dljce cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct C, jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid

bdrdck. Ck j sunsdqudkt dljce, hjtdh Ydptdlndr :4 tb, Pcesak rdtrjits bcs suppart ag tbd Bjeds

ijusd, jkh iejcls tbjt bd wjs upsdt jnaut bcs grcdkh jkh iabart Jedxj Xbaljs‑ latbdr, Hdnrj

^ctt`drs, ndck` kjldh js j suspdit (wbcib bjppdkdh jt tbd dkh ag Muey >6:4). J trud jkh iarrdit

iapy ag tbjt dljce cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct M, jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck.

Hr. âwedy, wba cs j kak-pjrty ta tbcs suct jt tbcs tcld, sdkt jk dljce ta Hr. Bjed ck wbcib

sbd iejcls tbjt Pcesak wjs tbrdjtdkdh wctb rdtjecjtcak tbrau`b tbd eass ag sdvdrje clpartjkt

stuhdkt àvdrkldkt raeds jt DYT, jkh tbjt bcs rdputjtcak waueh suggdr gar jssaicjtck` wctb tbd



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pejcktcgg . Akd ag tbd pasctcaks tbjt waueh suggdr wjs Pcesak‑s pasctcak js stuhdkt Vrdschdkt ag

tbd Bakars Iaeed`d, rdpartck` ta hdgdkhjkt @jry Pyjtt (wba wjs tbdk Cktdrcl Hdjk ag YECL).

J trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag jk dljce gral Hr. ^awedy ta Hr. Bjed rdgdrdkick` bdr iakidrks jnaut

Hdrdo Pcesak, bdr Xdjibck` Jsscstjkt, cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct O , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid

bdrdck. J pbata ag Pcesak wctb sdvdrje atbdr Bakars Iaeed`d jssaicjtds, ckieuhck` hdgdkhjkts

Ypaak jkh Pyjtt cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct E , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Pcesak cs jk

DYT jlnjssjhar. J trud jkh iarrdit ag j twddt sdkt aut ny Pcesak rdgdrdkick` bcs waro js jk

DYT jlnjssjhar cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct L , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Pcesak

spdjos ak ndbjeg ag tbd Bakars Iaeed`d ta tbd ldhcj. J trud iapy ag j pbata`rjpb ag Pcesak ‑s cktdrvcdw wctb OWADs Ibuio Yjlpeds cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct K , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny

rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Pcesak jkkaukidh bcs man warock` wctb Ibrcs Baavdr jkh tbd DYTVH ak bcs

Gjidnaao pj`d, j trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag wbcib cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct A , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny

rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Pcesak stjtds ak bcs Ibjk`d.ar` pdtctcak gar Ljrib ak Dlparcj tbjt bd wjs

mackck` tbd Bjeds‑ ijusd j`jckst rjicsl jt DYT ndijusd ―C ha kat ecod nueecds.“ J trud jkh iarrdit

iapy ag tbjt pdtctcak cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct V , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Ct wjs

iedjr ta Pcesak tbjt pejcktcgg wjs nueecdh ny DYT.

Vejcktcgg ukhdrstjkhs tbjt tjock` jk ukpapuejr stjkh cs kat wctbaut pdrsakje sjircgcid jkh

rcsos. Xbd icriulstjkids ijeedh upak Pcesak ta tjod j stjkh, jkh bd hch kat. Pcesak cs kat ndck`

sudh gar bcs ndecdgs, jkh idrtjckey kat ndijusd bd quct tjeock` ta tbd Bjeds. Pcesak cs ndck` sudh

ndijusd bd okawck`ey ndijld pjrt ag tbd iakspcrjiy gar pdrsakje `jck= bd ibasd ta rdpdjt

gjesdbaahs tbjt hdgjldh jkh ijusdh hjlj`d ta tbd pejcktcgg. Hdchrj Decmjb cs ndck` sudh gar tbd

sjld rdjsak. Vejcktcgg bjs prahuidh dvchdkid wbdrd Pcesak stjtds gar j gjit tbjt ^ctt`drs cs

ckkaidkt. Pbdrd hch bd `dt tbjt ckgarljtcak1 Pcesak‑s awk stjtdldkts ckvaevck` bcs

Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d :6 ag :>:


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dxpdrcdkids warock` ak Ydiurcty jt DYT ckhcijtds tbjt Wcdttc jkh Mabksak ecdh jnaut tbd

icriulstjkids surraukhck` Aggcid 8:9, tbus jky prakaukidldkts tbdy ljhd jnaut j bjtd ircld

bjppdkck` ar kat bjppdkck` wdrd gejwdh.

Hdchrj Decmjb (J.O.J. Hdchrd Decmjb)

Decmjb cs jk ckgeudktcje stuhdkt edjhdr wba jssuldh j edjhdrsbcp raed ck jsscstck` tbd gcrst

Ljrib Ak Dlparcj tbjt taao pejid ak Ydptdlndr :4 tb, >6:4. Ybd bjs rdidcvdh luetcped

sibaejrsbcps gral DYT ck >6:8 jkh >6:4. Ck Hdidlndr, >6:4, tbd ukcvdrscty jkkaukidh ck tbd

ldhcj tbjt Decmjb rdidcvdh j kdw prcvjtdey gukhdh sibaejrsbcp gar tbd sibaae ydjr gar dhuijtcak

ljmars. Xbd spditdr ag easck` bdr kdw dhuijtcak sibaejrsbcp gar pravchck` jky gurtbdr suppart ta

tbd Bjeds iaueh bjvd nddk dkau`b jeakd ta pdrsujhd Decmjb ta ljod jk ukprckicpedh hdicscak, nut

tbjt cs tbd typd ag prcid pdaped pjy dvdry hjy ta ljcktjck tbdcr cktd`rcty. Ndschds tbjt, Decmjb

pragdssds tbjt sbd jspcrds ta nd j edjhdr, kat j gaeeawdr. Ybd cs Vrdschdkt ag tbd ]dtj Vbc Ndtj

Yararcty jt DYT. J trud jkh iarrdit ag j ]dtj wdnsctd pj`d, jkh j Gjidnaao pj`d hdpcitck`

Decmjb jrd jttjibdh js Dxbcnct Z , jkh jrd ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Ybd cs wdjrck` j

Ljrib Ak Dlparcj t-sbcrt jkh j Eavd kat Bjtd t-sbcrt ck j Gjidnaao past wbced sdeeck` Ljrib Ak

Dlparcj t-sbcrts jkh saecictck` pdtctcaks gar tbd ljrib wbced jt j naatb ck tbd Ldlarcje Tkcak

wctb twa atbdr NYT ldlndrs, Idjkkj Xrcid jkh Lcqucd Nawd? j trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag wbcib

cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct ^ , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck.

Ck j Gjidnaao past hjtdh Ydptdlndr :4tb

, >6:4, Decmjb stjtds ck rdspaksd ta j ialldkt nyJk`decij Bjed ak Gjidnaao tbjt ―Ct‑s nddk suib jk bakar warock` wctb yau jee! Vedjsd edt us

okaw cg yau kddh jkytbck`!“ Edss tbjk twa wddos ejtdr Decmjb hcs jppdjrdh gral tbd gjid ag tbd

djrtb js gjr js tbd Bjeds wdrd iakidrkdh. Xbd cssud cs kat tbjt sbd quct iallukcijtck`? ct cs wby

Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d :: ag :>:


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sbd quct iallukcijtck`, jkh spdicgcijeey wbjt sbd hch jgtdr tbjt. J trud jkh iarrdit ag tbd

jgardldktcakdh Gjidnaao past cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct Y , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck.

Xbd ckvaevdldkt ag stuhdkts ck tbd stru`èd j`jckst stunnark jkh ukycdehck` vdstc`ds ag

rjicje ckdqujecty tbjt jrd ljkcgdst ck saicdty jkh jt DYT cs katbck` kdw gar tbd NYT jt DYT. J

rdidkt Gjidnaao past ny Kykd Nejiolak stjtds ck j ijptcak ta j pbata bd pastdh ak Gjidnaao

tbjt ―Xbcs cs njio wbdk C wjs tbd prdschdkt ag tbd Nejio Ytuhdkt Tkcak jt Dlparcj Ytjtd , gc`btck`

gar grddhal jkh rjicje dqujecty. “ J trud jkh iarrdit ag Nejiolak‑s Gjidna ao past cs jttjibdh js

Dxbcnct X , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck. J bcstary ag stjkhck` up gar saicje mustcid ck

tbd gjid ag ckmustcid cs j bc`bey ùjrhdh anec`jtcak ag NYTs ck sibaaes jkh iaeed`ds jirass

Jldrcij. Hcsjppdjrck` jkh rukkck` jwjy gral j ed`ctcljtd paectcije jkh saicje iaktdst cs kat

rdia`kczdh js jppraprcjtd ck tbd trjhctcak ag tbd NYT, jkh jk ukprckicpedh stjkh ecod tbd akd

tjodk ny Decmjb jkh tbd DYT NYT cs ukiaksicakjned.

Pbjt Hdchrj jkh tbd NYT jt DYT hch cs turk trjctar ta tbd ijusd ag mustcid, gar pdrsakje

`jck. Decmjb‑s jnaut -gjid ckvaevdh j garl ag iadricak, jgtdr wbcib sbd ckhuidh atbdrs ta ha tbd

sjld. Xbcs cs kat jk dxjlped ag edjhdrsbcp. Jkh ct cs ukejwgue. Jetbau`b Hr. Bjed sbaws

iallukcijtcaks tbjt pravd tbjt sbd hch sa, Wcdttc hch kat kddh ta dxpecictey tdee Hdchrj ta trdjt tbd

Bjeds jhvdrsdey? sbd ldrdey bjh ta ljod ct pejck tbjt sbd waueh kat hcsiaurj`d ct. ―J supdrvcsar

wba bjs okawedh`d ag tbd pratditdh jitcvcty kddh kat dxprdssey arhdr jk j`dkt ta tjod jhvdrsd

jitcak j`jckst jk dlpeaydd (ck rdtjecjtcak)? j mury ijk gckh ijusjtcak wbdrd tbd supdrvcsar

dkiaurj`dh trdjtck` tbd dlpeaydd jhvdrsdey.“ ( Nureck`tak Ka., 482 T.Y. jt 73). Xbd prdssurd

pejidh upak Decmjb wjs twagaeh= sbd wjs ckhuidh ta sunlct ta tbd aggcicje kjrrjtcvd ck arhdr ta

ljcktjck bdr sibaejrsbcp, tdjibck` appartukctcds jkh edjhdrsbcp tcteds, jkh sbd wjs ckgarldh tbjt

tbd ukcvdrscty wjs àck` ta jxd Hr. Bjed jkh jee bcs suppartdrs. Ybd jesa warodh wctb jkh

Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d :> ag :>:


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suppartdh Dlljkude Iaiordee, tbd prdschdkt ag tbd NYT, wba bjh must stjrtdh warock` tbjt

sdldstdr js j pdrsakje `rjhujtd jsscstjkt ta cktdrcl prdschdkt Wcdttc, wbcib njsdh ak tbd bcstary

ag tbd NYT, ct waueh nd j iakgecit ag cktdrdst/ukhud ckgeudkid gar tbd nejio stuhdkts ak ijlpus.

Decmjb, jkh Pcesak, twa sjkd jhuets wba jrd j`dh >: jkh avdr, jrd natb j`dkts gar Wcdttc

jkh DYT, jkh tbdy usdh tbdcr edjhdrsbcp ta dkiaurj`d atbdrs ta ialpey wctb bdr ljribck` arhdrs

ta ha tbd sjld, js Wcdttc gejtey hdljkhdh. ^dgdrrck` ta bdr dxakdrjtcak ag ^ctt`drs, Wcdttc stjtdh=

―C saecict yaur suppart ta ha tbd sjld.“ (Hai. :9, p`. 89). Pbjt strak`dr ijee ta jitcak iaueh sbd

ljod1 Ybd ljods jk dxpecict ijee aut gar saechjrcty usck` tbd tbdld ag tbd bcstary ag tbd Barkdt

Kjtcak. ―C jso j`jck tbjt wd lavd garwjrh gral bdrd ta ejy tbd gaukhjtcak gar tbd kdxt :46,

warock` ta`dtbdr ta nuceh j ndttdr, strak`dr, lard ckieuscvd Barkdt Kjtcak ck wbcib ka akd cs

ljr`ckjeczdh, ka akd cs hcsrdspditdh ar sunmditdh ta jky ockh ag seur, jkh ka akd‑s vacid cs

ukbdjrh. Ct cs ny ecstdkck` cktdktey ta jee vacids, pjrtcicpjtck` ck bjrh, jnsaeutdey bakdst

iakvdrsjtcaks, jkh iallcttck` ta nd pjrt ag tbd saeutcak tbjt wd wcee nd jned ta ha sa. (Hai. :9,

p`. 89). Pbdk hch Wcdttc ar Decmjb ar Pcesak bjvd tbjt jnsaeutdey bjrh bakdst iakvdrsjtcak wctb

Hr. Bjed ar bcs wcgd1 Xbjt qudstcak bjs ta nd jsodh, jkh hdgdkhjkts kddh ta jkswdr.

Hdspctd saukhck` Odkkdhydsqud, Wcdttc cs ka Odkkdhy. Ybd ljods ct iedjr tbjt tbd Bjeds

wcee kat nd pjrt ag tbd saeutcak, kdctbdr wcee tbdcr vacids nd bdjrh. Jiiarhck` ta tbd ckvdstc`jtcak=

Vejcktcgg cs j ecjr, jkh bjh ka nusckdss tryck` ta lceo punecicty gral jk ckichdkt tbjt bjh ka

ndjrck` ak bcl. Xbd hdgdkhjkts wba nrau`bt tbcs latcak okdw tbjt tbd aggcicje kjrrjtcvd wjs

gjesd ta j edvde ag idrtjckty tbjt ljky atbdrs iaueh kat, nut cg tbdy hch kat suppart tbd aggcicje

kjrrjtcvd, njh tbck`s waueh bjppdk ta tbdl. Ct hchk‑t sddl ta ljttdr tbjt Wcdttc wjs j bypairctd

ar tbjt Hr. Bjed bjh nddk hdgjldh jkh pejidh ck j gjesd ec`bt. Xbcs cs tbd ircld ag Pcesak jkh

Decmjb.



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Ck j stjtdldkt ljhd ny tbdk-suppartdr Hdchrj Decmjb ak Ydptdlndr :4 tb, >6:4 jt tbd

Ljrib Ak Dlparcj, punecsbdh jkh nrajhijst ck tbd OWAD stary ag tbd ljrib sbd sjch tbjt tbd

upialck` waro ak hcvdrscty ljy kat nd dkau`b ta sjtcsgy lckarcty stuhdkts ecod bdrsdeg. Ybd bjh

sdkt j edttdr ta Cktdrcl Vrdschdkt Hr. Mjiocd Wcdttc jkh bjh jrrjk`dh j gjid-ta-gjid lddtck` ak

Ydptdlndr :0 tb. Ybd sjch, ―Sau ijk‑t lavd pjst sctujtcaks jkh must nrusb rjicsl ukhdr tbd ru`,

jkh C gdde ecod tbjt‑s wbjt tbd ukcvdrscty hads j eat ag tclds. Ljynd sbd (Wcdttc) wjs ockh ag

aggdkhdh ny ly jpprajib, nut yau okaw wbjt? js j nejio stuhdkt ak tbcs ijlpus, C okaw wbjt ct

gddes ecod ta nd j lckarcty. C okaw wbjt ct gddes ecod ta nd tbd akey pdrsak ck ly iejssraal, jkh ta

ha ckvdktary ta eaao gar pdaped wba eaao ecod ld ck ly iejssraal. Ya, ct‑s kat ao, ct‑s kat ao ta nrusb tbdsd cssuds ukhdr tbd ru`. Jkh cg ct wjs suib j barrcned cssud tbjt sbd (Wcdttc) iejcldh ct

wjs, tbdk wby bjvd yau kat hakd jkytbck` jnaut ct1“ J trud jkh iarrdit ag tbd edttdr Wcdttc sdkt

ta Decmjb jrrjk`ck` tbd lddtck` cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct T , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck

Pbjt bjppdkdh ta tbjt Hdchrj Decmjb1 Decmjb‑s rdljros jrd ck j puneci past a k tbd OWAD

wdnsctd dktctedh= ―Ljrib ak Dlparcj pravchds suppart ta Bjeds, irctcicsl ag DYT.“ J trud jkh

iarrdit ag tbd jiialpjkyck` akeckd OWAD wdnpj`d cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct W, jkh cs

ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Xbd hcrdit ecko ta tbd jrtcied jkh tbd rdiarhck` wctb Decmjb ijk

nd gaukh bdrd= bttp=//www.ovad.ial/kdwsdhct/:686>-ljrib-ak-dlparcj-kdjrey-bdrd.

Wcdttc hch ha saldtbck` jnaut rdparts ag rjicsl jt DYT? sbd rdtjecjtdh jkh wdkt ak j

ijlpjc`k ta hcsirdhct jkh scedkid Hr. Bjed. Ck tbd ckstctutcakje iueturd jkh iecljtd tbjt cs DYT,

ka akd ijk gdde sjgd rdpar tck` rjicst jits, jkh DYT hchk‑t ijrd cg cts gjits wdrd wrak` . DYT bjh

ta iakhuit j sldjr ijlpjc`k ta iauktdrjit tbd njh prdss tbjt tbdy rdidcvdh akid tbd Jssaicjtdh

Vrdss stary nraod ak tbd Bjed‑s jeed`jtcaks ag rjicsl jt DYT. Hr. Bjed bjh jk`drdh tbdl jkh

tbdy wdrd `ack` ta rdpdjt tbd pjttdrk ag wbjt tbdy bjvd hakd gar ydjrs, hdijhds, saak ta nd



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idkturcds? tbdy sejkhdrdh, rdpdjtdhey c`kardh, dxieuhdh jkh njkcsbdh Hr. Bjed ck jk dlpeayldkt

jitcak tbckey hcsùcsdh js j prdss iakgdrdkid. Xbcs cs tbd ckstctutcakje iueturd.

Vejcktcgg wdkt ckta tbd Dlparcj Vast Aggcid akd hjy jkh wjs iakgraktdh ny j rdspditdh

jkh wdee-okawk àvdrkldkt dlpeaydd jkh ldlndr ag tbd Dlparcj iallukcty wba okaws must

j naut dvdrynahy ck tawk, wbcib kulndrs jnaut 94,666 pdaped. Bd àt hcrditey ck pejcktcgg‑s gjid

jkh sjch ―C bapd yau hak‑t ndecdvd yau‑rd àck` ta ibjk`d jkytbck` wctb tbjt ljrib. DYT wcee

raee rc`bt avdr yau. Ct‑s nddk hack` wbjt ct wj kts gar avdr :46 ydjrs, jkh yaur ialck` bdrd jck‑t

àkkj ibjk`d katbck`. Sau iaueh ljrib j`jckst rjicsl jt DYT dvdry laktb.“ Hr. Bjed wjs

surprcsdh jt bcs rau`b ijkhar. Ct turkdh aut tbjt tbd ljk wjs suppartcvd ag Hr. Bjed, nut bd bjh

ta `dt tbd trutb jnaut DYT agg bcs ibdst gcrst ndgard jhlcttck` ta tbjt.

Decmjb jkh tbd DYT NYT jnjkhakdh tbd prckicpeds ak wbcib tbdy wdrd gaukhdh. Decmjb

bjh j rdspakscncecty ta rdprdsdkt tbd gjits ta tbd NYT. J stjtdldkt sbd ljhd ck j Gjidnaao past

ndgard bdr lddtck` wctb Wcdttc wjs gd csty= ―Lddtck` wctb tbd Vrdschdkt cktdr_cl\… C‑l rdjhy.

Xbd qudstcak cs, cs sbd rdjhy1“ Xbjt ialldkt saukhs ecod jk aggcidr ag tbd NYT. Jgtdr lddtck`

wctb Wcdttc, Decmjb sbartey tbdrdjgtdr wdkt scedkt. Ybd njiodh hawk, jkh sbd taao iavdr, jkh sbd

taao atbdrs wctb bdr ny c`karck` jkh dxieuhck` tbd Bjeds ak ijlpus. Ybd kdvdr rdturkdh tbd t-

sbcrts jkh lakdy ljhd gral tbd DYT naatb gukhrjcsck` gar tbd ljribds ak ijlpus. Ybd

ckstjktey `jvd bdr warh ta hcvdrt bdr gaeeawdrs gar Wcdttc jkh gdee ck eckd wctb tbd jhlckcstrjtcak

jkh suppartdh tbdcr kjrrjtcvd, wbcib wjs pjtdktey gjesd, jkh Decmjb okdw ct.

Ck tbd Ydptdlndr :4tb, >6:4 Ljrib Ak Dlparcj, Decmjb rdqudstdh tbjt sbd sjy tbd

apdkck` prjydr ck j Vrjydr Icried, iakhuitdh ldhcj cktdrvcdws jkh ijrrcdh j pratdst sc`k, js

dvchdkidh ck tbd pbata jttjibdh js Dxbcnct P , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Jt akd



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packt Decmjb ijrrcdh j Nejio Ecvds Ljttdr sc`k ck tbd ljrib. Hr. Bjed ck bcs prdsdktjtcak jt tbd

ljrib pjssdh aut ckgarljtcak, jkh ljhd surd tbjt dvdry pdrsak okdw tbd gjits tbjt Wcdttc jkh

Mabksak iakvdkcdktey avdreaaodh ck tbdcr prdss iakgdrdkid, wbcib aiiurrdh ndgard tbd ljrib.

Jgtdr tbd prdss iakgdrdkid tbd Bjeds stcee bjh tbd suppart ag tbd NYT. Jgtdr tbd suiidss ag tbd

ljrib ag sc`ks jkh wakhdrs, DYT rdjeczdh baw luib ckgeudkid Hr. Bjed stcee bjh dvdk jgtdr tbd

prdss iakgdrdkid jkh tbd ldhcj rdparts tbjt gaeeawdh. Wcdttc clldhcjtdey dlnjrodh ak j

wbcrewckh taur tbrau`b stuhdkt ar`jkczjtcaks jt DYT ta hrjw suppart jwjy gral Hr. Bjed jkh

bcs wcgd. Jt tbd sjld tcld, Wcdttc clldhcjtdey sdt-up j prcvjtd akd-ak-akd lddtck` wctb Decmjb

ta tjeo jnaut tbd Bjed sctujtcak. Ct must sa bjppdkdh tbjt Decmjb bjh j nc` ckgeudkid ck atbdrar`jkczjtcaks js wdee. Ybd wjs sdirdtjry ag tbd Luetciueturje @rddo Iaukice, jkh sjt ak cts najrh

wbdrd sbd cktdrgjidh wctb gcvd @rddo ldlndr ar`jkczjtcaks. J trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag tbd

bald pj`d ag tbd Luetciueturje @rddo Iaukice cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct R , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny

rdgdrdkid bdrdck.

Ny tbd tcld tbd Ydptdlndr :0 tb NYT `dkdrje lddtck` wjs bdeh ck tbd dvdkck`, Decmjb bjh

jerdjhy hdichdh ta wjeo njio bdr jktj`akcstci ialldkts tawjrhs Wcdttc djrecdr tbjt jgtdrkaak. J

Ijuijscjk stuhdkt kjldh Mjy Wdbc`d, wba wjs jk jrhdkt suppartdr ag tbd Bjeds, jttdkhdh tbjt

NYT lddtck`, jkh wbdk Wcdttc ijld ta tbd lddtck` bd ect ckta bdr gar kuldraus tbck`s, ckieuhck`

bdr rdgusje ta spdjo ta tbd Bjeds. Wdbc`d jsodh Wcdttc packt nejko cg sbd bjh dvdr spaodk ta tbd

Bjeds, jkh bdr jkswdr wjs ―ka.“ Wdbc`d jsodh jee tbd bjrh qudstcaks tbjt Decmjb djrecdr bjh sjch

sbd wjs `ack` ta jso. Wdbc`d ndijld j tjr`dt ag Decmjb jkh tbd NYT. Jiiarhck` ta Wdbc`d,

kuldraus ckhcvchujes rdiarhdh tbd lddtck`, ckieuhck` Decmjb. Vejcktcgg wjkts ta okaw wbjt tbjt

rdiarhck` sjys jkh wbjt tbd NYT hdichdh tbjt dvdkck` jkh ck sunsdqudkt ieasdh-haar NYT

lddtck`s ck wbcib tbd Bjeds wdrd hcsiussdh. Jiiarhck` ta Wdbc`d, tbd lddtck` wjs rdiarhdh.



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Jiiarhck` ta Wdbc`d, bd wjs sa cktdksd ck bcs qudstcakck` ag Wcdttc‑s ckvdstc`jtcak ny DYT jkh

trdjtldkt ag tbd Bjeds tbjt sbd edgt jk`ry jt tbd NYT jkh ck tdjrs. Wcdttc pastdh j puneci quatd

tbjt dvdkck` ak G jidnaao jgtdr tbd lddtck`= ―C‑h rjtbdr nd bakdst jkh jutbdktci jkh hcsjppackt

pdaped, tbjk ta dxbjust lysdeg tryck` ta oddp up wctb tbd gjijhd ag pdrgditcak.“ Nut tbjt cs j ecd.

Decmjb jkh tbd NYT wdrd gurcaus wctb Wdbc`d ndijusd tbdy bjh jerdjhy j`rddh ck tbd

ieasdh-haar najrh lddtck` jkh Decmjb‑s prcvjtd lddtck` wctb Wcdttc djrecdr tbjt hjy ta gaeeaw tbd

jhlckcstrjtcak‑s `jld pejk, nut Mjy wjsk‑t prcvy ta tbjt, jkh ct hchk‑t ljttdr. Mjy wjsk‑t gar sjed.

Wcdttc ljhd ct iedjr, ka haunt, tbjt tbasd wba staah wctb tbd Bjeds waueh suggdr tbdcr gjtd, jkh

tbasd wba suppartdh tbdcr sibaae waueh nd rdwjrhdh. Kat akey hch Decmjb vdrnjeey ndrjtd

Wdbc`d, Ojyej @celard jkh atbdr NYT ldlndrs ejtdr jiiastdh Wdbc`d jkh tbrdjtdkdh vcaedkid

gar bcs suppartck` tbd Bjeds jkh iakgraktck` tbdl gar tbdcr scedkt trdjtldkt. Wdbc`d wjs sa

iakidrkdh tbjt bd edgt Dlparcj gar Aoejbalj ta rdibjr`d. Ck akd tdxt Wdbc`d wrctds= ―Hdchrj

jpaea`czdh gar `ack` agg ak ld jkh jsodh gar ly gar`cvdkdss ydstdrhjy.“ J trud jkh iarrdit

iapy ag tdxt ldssj`ds ndtwddk Mjy Wdbc`d jkh Jk`decij Bjed jrd jttjibdh js Dxbcnct S , jkh jrd

ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Djib jkh dvdry hdgdkhjkt jiqucdsidh ta tbd halckjkt gjesd

kjrrjtcvd dkukicjtdh ny DYT , ta tbd hdtrcldkt ag pejcktcgg‑s rdputjtcak, ck rdtjecjtcak gar pejcktcgg

ljock` kacsd jt DYT jnaut rjicsl. Mjsak Nraaos jwjrhdh Decmjb jkh bdr sararcty wctb jk jwjrh

gar edjhdrsbcp. J trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag j Gjidnaao past sbawck` Decmjb rdidcvck` tbd jwjrh

gral Nraaos cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct ] , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck.

8. ^dedvjkid ag 8> T.Y.I. § :329 Iejcls

Vejcktcgg bjs jeed`dh vcaejtcaks js tbdy pdrtjck ta tbd Icvce ^c`bts Jit ag :20: dkjitdh ak

Jprce >6, :20:, spdicgcijeey tbd pjrt dxprdssdh js 8> T.Y.I. § :329 , jesa okawk js ―Yditcak



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:329.“ Ck :20:, ^dprdsdktjtcvd Eawd ag tbd 8>kh Iak`rdss stjtdh tbd gaeeawck` js rjtcakjed gar

pjssj`d ag Yditcak :329 = ―Pbced lurhdr cs stjeock` jnrajh ck hcsùcsd, wbced wbcppck`s jkh

eykibck`s jkh njkcsbck` bjvd nddk vcsctdh upak ukaggdkhck` Jldrcijk ictczdks, tbd eaije

jhlckcstrjtars bjvd nddk gaukh ckjhdqujtd ar ukwceeck` ta jppey tbd prapdr iarrditcvd .“ Iak`.

@eand, 8>h Iak`. :st Ydss., 908 (:20:)(rdljros ag ^dp. Eawd)(quatdh ck Pcesak , 80: T.Y. jt

>07). Xbd tdrl ―ck hcsùcsd“ rdgdrrdh ak akd edvde ta baahdh wbctd suprdljicsts, nut ak j

hcggdrdkt edvde ct rdgdrs ta tbckey hcsùcsdh rjicje iaktdlpt jkh ncàtry, jkh ckstctutcakje rjicsl.

DYTs puneci sejkhdrck` jkh hdgjljtcak ag Hr. Bjed wjs katbck` edss tbjk j wbcppck` jkh

njkcsbldkt, jkh ct aiiurrdh ndijusd ― eaije jhlckcstrjtars bjvd nddk gaukh ckjhdqujtd arukwceeck` ta jppey tbd prapdr iarrditcvd .“ Xbd ecds taeh ny Wcdttc jkh Mabksak jt tbd prdss

iakgdrdkid ckhcijtd tbjt DYT waueh stap jt katbck` ta hcs`rjid jkh hdstray j nejio pragdssar

wba hjrdh spdjo aut j`jckst tbd aggdksds ag jk jee-wbctd jhlckcstrjtcak. Jnusd ag bd`dlakci

pawdr cs wbjt ckspcrdh 8> T.Y.I. § :329 wbdrd stjtd jutbarctcds ha katbck`. Vejcktcgg wjs jk

ukaggdkhck` Jldrcijk ictczdk wbdk hdgdkhjkts sdt upak bcl usck` ecds jkh hdidct.

Vejcktcgg hads kat kddh ta pravd tbjt rjicsl aiiurrdh. Xbjt cs tbd waro ag tbd mury.

―Baehck` tbjt hcrdit dvchdkid ag rjid hcsirclckjtcak prdsdktdh j `dkuckd cssud ag gjit gar tbd trcdr

ag gjit ta hdichd. “ Vaeectt v. âjhwjy Dxprdss, Cki ., (Y.H.Abca >66>), >>2 G. Yupp.>h 248 (Y.H.

Abca >66>). Ck rd`jrhs ta rdtjecjtcak, pejcktcgg cs kat rdqucrdh ta jeed`d hcsirclckjtcak ck arhdr ta

jeed`d rdtjecjtcak ukhdr 8> T.Y.I. § :329. ―Ct wjs iedjr ukhdr ‛wdee-sdttedh‑ ejw tbjt j pejck tcgg

‛kddh kat bjvd jeed`dh hcsirclckjtcak njsdh upak bcs rjid js jk Jgrcijk Jldrcijk ck arhdr ta

sjtcsgy tbd pratditdh stjt us rdqucrdldkt ag bcs iejcls_,\‑ nut rjtbdr pejcktcgg's jhvaijiy ak ndbjeg

ag lckarctcds wjs suggcicdkt ta jeed`d rdtjecjtcak ukhdr sditcak :32:. “ Bulpbrcds v. INAIY

Pdst , 808 G.9h 920 (0tb Icr. >660).



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Ny hdvcsck` j sibdld ag hdidct ck tbd jkkaukidldkt ag tbd rdsuets ag tbdcr

―ckvdstc`jtcak,“ DYT jkh tbasd wba rdpdjtdh tbdcr ecds hch sa ndijusd tbd jee-wbctd DYT

jhlckcstrjtcak dkjitdh tbd njscs gar tbd Icvce ^c`bts Jit ag :20:, wbcib wjs ―eaije

jhlckcstrjtars bjvd nddk gaukh ckjhdqujtd ar ukwceeck` ta jppey tbd prapdr iarrditcvd .“ ^jicje

jkclus js `raukh gar kat jppeyck` tbd ―prapdr iarrditcvd“ cs ukhdrstaah ck tbd dkjitldkt ag tbd

Gaurtddktb Jldkhldkt, tbd Icvce ^c`bts Jits ag :20:, jkh 8> T.Y.I. § :329. ―_Xbd\ mury lust

hdichd wbdtbdr hdgdkhjkts sudh ck ckhcvchuje ijpjictcds tdrlckjtdh pejcktcgg aut ag hcsirclckjtary

jkclus .“ ^ass v. Icty ag Ldlpbcs , 938 G. Yupp.>h :6>8 (P.H. Xdkk. >664.

Hdgdkhjkts ljhd iakirdtd jssdrtcaks ag wrak`-hack` ak tbd pjrt ag pejcktcgg, jiiusck`

bcl ag irdjtck` j bjtd ircld aut ag katbck` nut j ―geuod.“ Hdgdkhjkts‑ ibjrjitdrczjtcak ag

pejcktcgg wjs suggcicdkt jeakd ta stc`ljtczd bcl, su``dstck` tbjt bd wjs gaaecsb jkh ukdtbcije

dkau`b ta cksdrt bclsdeg ckta j sctujtcak tbjt bjh katbck` wbjtsadvdr ta ha wctb bcl ar bcs wcgd.

Vejcktcgg wjs ibjrjitdrczdh js saldakd wba ljhd j eat ag ialpejckts jnaut rjicsl, nut kat akey

wdrd tbasd ialpejckts ukmustcgcdh, ―tbdy wdrdk‑t dvdk ieasd!“ Bawdvdr, tbd gjits pravd tbjt

Wcdttc jkh Mabksak natb ecdh jnaut jelast dvdrytbck` tbdy sjch ck tbd prdss iakgdrdkid.

4. Vejcktcgg–s iallukcijtcak wctb hdgdkhjkts Pcesak jkh Decmjb

Hdgdkhjkts iejcl tbjt ―ct jppdjrs Bjed ndecdvds tbjt tbd jnavd chdktcgcdh stuhdkts wdrd

rdqucrdh ta suppart bcl jkh iallukcijtd wctb bcl.“ Xbcs stjtdldkt cs euhciraus jkh

prdpastdraus ak tbd gjid ag ct. Vejcktcgg bjs ljhd ct iedjr tbjt bd cs iakidrkdh jnaut wbjt

hdgdkhjkts sjch ta atbdrs ta hdgjld bcl jkh clpu`k bcs `aah kjld, jkh jnaut ndck` astrjiczdh.



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7. Iejcl gar hud praidss tbrau`b 8> T.Y.I. § :329 kat jssdrtdh ck Iaukt CCC.

Vejcktcgg jssdrtdh hud praidss iejcls j`jckst DYT jkh DYT jhlckcstrjtars akey, kat

j`jckst tbasd hdgdkhjkts wba hch kat pjrtcicpjtd ck hdvcsck` jkh pdrgarlck` tbd sbjl

ckvdstc`jtcak, lddtck`s jkh prdss iakgdrdkid, wbdrdck pejcktcgg jkh bcs wcgd wdrd vcecgcdh gar ka

jppjrdkt rdjsak. DYTs suppartck` dvchdkid wjs ljkugjiturdh jkh appasck` dvchdkid wjs

c`kardh.

Ny ijeeck` j prdss iakgdrdkid tbjt hcrditey rdejtdh ta bcs ibjr`d ag j bjtd ircld, jkh

hdprdijtck` bcs dtbcis, larjes jkh muh`ldkt wctbaut jggarhck` bcl tbd appartukcty ta prdsdkt

appasck` dvchdkid jkh apckcak, hdgdkhjkts kjldh ck Iaukt CCC gjcedh ta pravchd pejcktcgg wctb

hud praidss. Xbd prdss iakgdrdkid wjs jk apdk bdjrck`. Xbd ckgarljtcak prdsdktdh kddhdh ta

nd gjituje. Nut ct wjs kat. Hdprcvjtcak ag hud praidss rc`bts ny jk j`dkiy ag tbd stjtd ag Ojksjs

cs j vcaejtcak ag gukhjldktje pratditdh rc`bt s. ―Xa stjtd j iejcl ukhdr § :329 gar hdprcvjtcak ag

praidhurje hud praidss rc`bts, j pejcktcgg lust jeed`d tbjt (:) bd wjs hdprcvdh ag jk ckhcvchuje

cktdrdst tbjt cs dkialpjssdh wctbck tbd Gaurtddktb Jldkhldkt's pratditcak ag "ecgd, ecndrty, ar

prapdrty," jkh (>) tbd praidhurds jvjcejned ta bcl hch kat pravchd "hud praidss ag ejw." Jevck v.

Yuzuoc, >>0 G.9h :60, ::7 (9h Icr. >666). Vejcktcgg wjs hdprcvdh ag hud praidss wbdk j gckje

bdjrck` ak bcl jkh bcs ialpejckt ag j bjtd ircld wjs iakhuitdh wctbaut bcs okawedh`d, jkh

ndijusd tbd stjtdldkts ljhd ny Wcdttc jkh Mabksak wdrd bc`bey aggdkscvd. Jk j`dkiy ag tbd

Ytjtd ag Ojksjs sbut Hr. Bjed‑s kjrrjtcvd hawk, jkh tbdy sunstctutdh j kjrrjtcvd gceedh wctb ecds

jkh hdidptcak jkh pueedh ck twa ―ckhdpdkhdkt“ rdvcdwdrs ta `cvd tbd ecds j idrtcgcijtcak stjlp.

0. 8> T.Y.I. § :329 iakspcrjiy iejcls

Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d >6 ag :>:


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"_G\jituje jeed`jtcaks lust nd dkau`b ta rjcsd j rc`bt ta rdecdg jnavd tbd spdiuejtcvd

edvde"? gurtbdr baehck`, ta stjtd j iejcl ag iakspcrjiy, pejcktcgg lust jeed`d "dkau`b gjits ta rjcsd

j rdjsakjned dxpditjtcak tbjt hcsiavdry wcee rdvdje dvchdkid ag ceed`je j`rddldkt." Ockkdy v.

Ytjtd Njr ag Ije ., Ka. I-:9-:937 LLI (K.H. Ije. Ait 6>, >6:9). Xbd iakspcrjiy apdrjtdh js j

ha` jkh paky sbaw iakhuitdh ny Wcdttc jkh ldlndrs ag tbd jhlckcstrjtcak ta ckhcvchujes jkh

`raups jirass DYT jkh tbd Dlparcj iallukcty. Xbd iakspcrjiy wjs dkjitdh ny jk DYT

jhlckcstrjtcak edh ny Wcdttc. Ljtdrcjes sau`bt ck hcsiavdry wcee sbdh luib lard ec`bt ak tbd

apdrjtcak ag tbd iakspcrjiy.

Mjsak Nraaos wjs tbd stjgg jhvcsar ta tbd NYT jkh ta Hdchrj Decmjb. J trud jkh iarrdit

iapy ag Nraaos ‑ Gjidnaao pj`d ck wbcib bd tbjkos bcs jhvcsdd ―Hdchrj Decmjb“ gar nrck`ck` bcl

ibciodk, cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct JJ , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Vejcktcgg ijk sbaw

tbjt Wcdttc jkh Mjsak Nraaos jhvcsdh Decmjb ta stddr jwjy jkh jnjkhak tbd ijusd ag trutb, jkh sbd

hch sa wceeck`ey hdspctd rdsdrvjtcaks jiiarhck` ta bdr Gjidnaao pasts. Vejcktcgg wjs taeh ny jk

DYT hdpjrtldkt hdjk tbjt Nraaos, Decmjb‑s jhlckcstrjtcvd jhvcsar, wjs hd ljkhck` tbjt pdapedidjsd jee iallukcijtcak wctb tbd Bjeds. J trud jkh iarrdit iapy ag tbd j`dkhj gar tbd

Ydptdlndr :0 tb, >6:4 NYT lddtck` cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct NN , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid

bdrdck. Ct ckieuhds tbd gaeeawck` eckd ctdls=

―Iakvdrs jtcak wctb Vrdschdkt WcdttcCktrahuitcaksHcsiusscaks ak pdrsakje vcdw packts

^jicje HcsirclckjtcakBjtd IrcldsHcvdrscty

Cktdrkje ckvdstc`jtcak iakvdrsjtcak“

J pbata`rjpb ag Hr. Wcdttc ck jttdkhjkid jt tbcs lddtck` cs sbawk ck Hai. >6-:, p`. :4.

Ck tbd hjys gaeeawck` tbcs NYT lddtck`, tbd ldlndrs ag tbd NYT tdrlckjtdh jee iaktjit wctb

Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d >: ag :>:


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pejcktcgg. J wddo ejtdr, jt tbd Ydptdlndr >8 tb, NYT lddtck` tbd gaeeawck` wjs ecstdh js ―Xapcis

gar Hcsiusscak=“

Bjvd yau dvdr hcsjssaicjtdh yaursdeg gral pdaped ck yaur iallukcty1Pbjt bjppdks wbdk yau hcsjssaicjtd yaursdeg gral pdaped gral yaur iallukcty1Pbjt hads ct ldjk ta nd iejssy1

Xbcs saukhs j eat ecod j hcsiusscak ak astrjiczck`. Pbjt wjs sjch ck tbdsd NYT lddtck`s

jnaut pejcktcgg1 Akey j iaurt ijsd wcee jeeaw pejcktcgg ta `dt jkswdrs ta tbdsd qudstcaks. J trud

jkh iarrdit iapy ag tbd NYT j`dkhj gar Ydptdlndr >8 tb cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct II , jkh cs

ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck.

Vejcktcgg wjs taeh ny jk DYT hdpjrtldkt hdjk tb jt Nraaos, Decmjb‑s jhlckcstrjtcvd

jhvcsar, wjs hdljkhck` tbjt pdaped idjsd jee iallukcijtcak wctb tbd Bjeds. J iejcl ag

iakspcrjiy cs pejuscned. Pcesak jkh Decmjb gdee ck eaio-stdp wctb DYT. Xbcs cs struiturje rjicsl,

ljkcgdst tbrau`b j`d-aeh garls ag rdwjrh jkh pukcsbldkt tbjt dvdk pcts nejios j`jckst nejios.

2. Iejcl gar rdtjecjtcak gar dxdricsd ag Gcrst Jldkhldkt rc`bts

Vejcktcgg jeed`ds tbjt hdgdkhjkts DYT, Wcdttc, Iarhed, Jkhdrsak, Jedxjkhdr, Mabksak,

Ejundr, Haw, jkh Pyjtt rdtjecjtdh j`jckst bcl gar spdjock` aut j`jckst rjicsl jt DYT. J

wchdey puneciczdh ckichdkt ag Gcrst Jldkhldkt vcaejtcak jt DYT aiiurrdh hurck` j lddtck`

bjstcey ijeedh ny DYT aggcicjes ta hcsiuss iejcls ag rjicsl jkh hcvdrscty js j rdsuet ag tbd Bjed

ckichdkt jkh stuhdkt iakidrks jt DYT ak Kavdlndr :3 tb, >6:4. Ldlndrs ag tbd prdss bjh nddk

ckvctdh ta jttdkh, nut sbartey jgtdr tbd stjrt ag tbd lddtck`, DYT jsodh tbd ldhcj ta edjvd. Jk

jrtcied ck tbd Pjsbck`tak Vast ak Kavdlndr >6 tb, >6:4 iejcls tbjt DYT vcaejtdh tbd Gcrst

Jldkhldkt. DYT bjs jttdlptdh ta luzzed Hr. Bjed jkh jee ag bcs suppartdrs, jkh bjvd idksardh

Gjidnaao pasts tbjt irctciczd tbdcr jitcaks, jee Gcrst Jldkhldkt vcaejtcaks. J trud jkh iarrdit

Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d >> ag :>:


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iapy ag tbd Pjsbck`tak Vast stary cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct HH , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh bdrdck ny

rdgdrdkid.

J YECL stuhdkt wba stjrtdh tbd pra`rjl ck akd ag Hr. Bjeds‑ iejssds , sdkt j ldssj`d ta

Jk`decij Bjed ck Gjidnaao stjtck` tbjt YECL ckieuhdh tbd gaeeawck` ak cts jppecijtcak gar

cktdr kjtcakje trcps= ―C `at ckta tbd Ydrncj trcp jkh tbd sditcak ukhdr jijhdlci rdgdrdkids ckieuhdh

tbd eckd ‛Hr. Bjed cs warock` agg ijlpus jt tbcs tcld, sa yau sbau eh kat jso bcl gar j rdgdrdkid.‑

C tbau`bt tbjt wjs wdcrh sckid C hak't okaw baw tbjt'h nd rdedvjkt. “ DYT jkh tbd hdgdkhjkts

kjldh ck tbcs iaukt dxdrtdh ljxclul dggart ta ljod Hr. Bjed ckvcscned ck tbd Tkcvdrscty sdttck`,

j vcaejtcak ag cts awk paeciy ak ^jicje jkh/ar Dtbkci Bjrjssldkt, j gej`rjkt vcaejtcak ag

prabcnctdh iakhuit. J trud jkh iarrdi t ag tbd tdxt ag tbd stuhdkt‑s Gjidnaao ldssj`d cs jttjibdh

js Dxbcnct DD , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck.

3. Gjceurd ta stjtd j iejcl gar hdgjljtcak ar gjesd ec`bt ck Iaukt WC

Vejcktcgg ndecdvds tbjt ct bjs gueey sdt gartb gjits tbjt suppart cts iaktdktcak tbjt hdgdkhjkts

jitdh ck iakidrt wctb DYT jhlckcstrjtars jkh atbdrs ta hdgjld bcl. Vejcktcgg truey ndecdvds tbjt

ialldkts ljhd ny Decmjb dkharsck` bdr suppart gar Wcdttc jkh tbd gejwdh DYT kjrrjtcvd jkh

tbdcr iakhuit dkiaurj`ck` atbdrs ta astrjiczd tbd Bjeds wcee nd ukiavdrdh ck hcsiavdry.

:6. Ckmukitcvd rdecdg jkh tbd hdgdkhjkts

Hdgdkhjkts jppdjr ta su``dst tbjt sejkhdr cs kat jitcakjned ny ckmukitcvd rdecdg. Xbcs cs

uktrud. Ka akd bjs j rc`bt ta sejkhdr jkatbdr. Vejcktcgg sddos ta prdvdkt gurtbdr aiiurrdkids ag

sejkhdr ny jky ag tbd hdgdkhjkts ny jppraprcjtd ckmukitcvd rdecdg kjrrawey tjceardh ta pratdit Gcrst

Jldkhldkt rc`bts. ―X bd iaurt ljy cssud jk ckmukitcak prabcnctck` j hdgdkhjkt gral rdpdjtck`

stjtdldkts hdtdrlckdh jt trcje ta nd hdgjljtary .“ Pj`kdr Dqucp. Ia. v. Paah , 239 G.Yupp.>h



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::40 (H.K.L. >6:>). Tpbaehck` ― pdrljkdkt ckmukitcak eclctdh ta ljtdrcje gaukh ecndeaus jgtdr

guee trcje.“ Ibjlndrs v. Yiutcdrc , Haiodt Ka. J-829:-:6X: (K.M. Yupdr. Jpp. Hcv. Jpr 68,

>6:9).

Ckstctutcakje / Ytruiturje ^jicsl jt Dlparcj Ytjtd Tkcvdrscty

Jetbau`b tbcs ldlarjkhul hdjes spdicgcijeey wctb tbd raed ag twa hdgdkhjkts ck tbd

iavdr-up jt DYT, ct cs sylptaljtci ag j luib ejr`dr cssud, wbcib cs ckstctutcakje jkh struiturje

rjicsl jt DYT. Xbdrd cs j sc`kcgcijkt hcspjrcty ndtwddk tbd papuejtcak ag wbctd gjiuety jkh

wbctd stuhdkts ta Jgrcijk-Jldrcijk gjiuety jkh stuhdkts, jkh iakidrks jnaut rjicsl eak` prdhjtd

tbd pranedls dkiauktdrdh ny tbd pejcktcgg jkh bcs wcgd.

Must hjys j`a, j stuhdkt ck YECL wjs jsodh ta tjod hawk j past suppartck` Hr. Bjed jkh

irctciczck` DYT ak tbd Ytuhdkt Ibjptdr ag tbd Jldrcijk Ecnrjry Jssaicjtcak (YIJEJ) gar

Dlparcj Ytjtd ak Gjidnaao ny Hjvch Pceecs, tbd Hdkvdr jrdj ^d`cakje Hcrditar gar YECL. Xbd

stuhdkt cs j sdiakh-ydjr stuhdkt wba wjs ck Hr. Bjed‑s papuejr iejss ak Gaukhjtcaks ag Ecnrjry

jkh Ckgarljtcak Yicdkid, jkh okaws bcs hdhcijtcak ta bcs stuhdkts jkh bcs iallctldkt ta saicje

mustcid. Jetbau`b tbdrd bjvd nddk ckkuldrjned pasts ak tbd DYT YIJEJ pj`d ck Gjidnaao,

akey tbasd wba gjvar ar suppart tbd Bjeds bjvd nddk rdlavdh jkh/ar irctciczdh, ckhcijtck` tbjt

YECL cs jitcvdey dk`j`dh ck idksarsbcp, j prjitcid bc`bey hcsgjvardh ck tbd ecnrjry iallukcty.

Xbd stuhdkt wjs dxpecictey tbrdjtdkdh jkh sirdjldh jt ny Hjvch Pceecs, wba cs j kak-pjrty ta tbcs

suct jt tbcs tcld. Xbcs typd ag iakhuit cs iakhakdh jkh pralatdh ny tbd iueturd jt DYT jkhYECL jkh pjssdh ak ta tbd stuhdkts. Ljx Ljicjs, jkatbdr garldr stuhdkt ag iaear gral tbd

ecnrjry pra`rjl bjs bjh cssuds wctb rjicsl jt YECL, jkh pastdh bcs hcsiaktdkt ck j Gjidnaao



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past ak tbd Ljrib ak Dlparcj Gjidnaao pj`d, j trud iapy ag wbcib cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct GG ,

jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck.

Vuneci ukcvdrsctcds bjvd jk anec`jtcak ta kat akey tdjib dtbcije iakhuit, nut ta lahde ct js

wdee. DYT vcaejtdh tbd puneci‑s trust, jkh hdgdkhjkts Pcesak jkh Decmjb suppartdh tbjt vcaejtcak.

Js hcggciuet js ct ljy sddl, DYT @dkdrje Iauksde Odvck Mabksak ‑s dxpdrcdkid ckieuhds j stckt js

jk Jhlckcstrjtcvd Ejw Muh`d (pra tdl) gar tbd Ojksjs Buljk ^c`bts Iallcsscak (OBÎ).

Xbd ibjeedk`ds ag gc`btck` rjicsl jt DYT jrd garlchjned, ljhd lard hcggciuet ny tbd jitcaks ag

hdgdkhjkts Pcesak jkh Decmjb. Natb iaueh bjvd mackdh tbd rjkos ag atbdr iakidrkdh stuhdkts,

gjiuety, jeulkc, jkh iallukcty wba vacidh suppart gar pejcktcgg jkh wbjt bd wjs hack`. Pbjt

gaeeaws jrd j gdw ag tbdcr ialldkts gral tbdcr Ibjk`d.ar` pdtctcak=

―Akd waueh wjkt ta tbcko= Xbd prdschdkt sddls wjy taa ndkt ak sbuttck` hawk

dvdry VAW tbjt csk't ‛ Katbck` bj ppdkdh, edt's hrap tbcs jerdjhy‑ ck jee ag tbdsd uphjtd

jkkaukidldkt tbck`s sbd oddps sdkhck` ta stuhdkts .“

―Xbd jhlckcstrjtcak ag tbd sibaae C jl jttdkhck` gar ly LEY, Dlparcj Ytjtd

Tkcvdrscty ck Ojksjs, bjs rdidktey ljhd sald vdry paar hdicscaks kat ta pukcsb rjicst

jits, bjrjssldkt jkh rdtjecjtcaks j`jckst j gjiuety ldlndr jkh garldr jsscstjkt ta tbd

hdjk ag tbd Yibaae ag Ecnrjry jkh Ckgarljtcak Ljkj`dldkt.

Ecnrjrcds jkh ecnrjrcjks jrd suppasdh ta nd ckieuscvd, jkh jrd suppasdh ta suppart

tbd kddhs ag tbd iallukcty tbdy sdrvd, j vjeud tbjt strakèy ckgeudkidh ly hdscrd ta à

ckta tbd ecnrjry gcdeh. Ct cs bdjrtnrdjock` ta sdd tbcs ckstctutcak gjee sa hrjstcijeey sbart ag

tbdsd njsci tdkdts ag tbd hcsicpeckd ck wbcib tbdy purpart ta dhuijtd guturd ecnrjrcjks. Ct cs

rdprdbdkscned tbjt suib ndbjvcar sbaueh nd jeeawdh ta à ukpukcsbdh.“



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>7

―Xbd ukcvdrscty's gcrst lcstjod wjs kat ck tdeeck` yau, tbd stuhdkts, jkh tbd wareh,

tbjt ct hdpeardh rjicsl ck jky garl, jkh tbjt tbdy waueh ckvdstc`jtd jeed`jtcaks ta tbd

gueedst dxtdkt ag tbdcr jncecty. Xbdy hchk't... jkh ct sjch dvdrytbck` jnaut baw tbcs wjs

`ack` ta turk aut. Oddp yaur ibcks up. ^c`bt cs ak yaur schd.“

―‛Tttdrey hdhcijtdh ta prdsdrvck` tbdcr sdeg-clj`d ag pdrgditcak, tbdy jrd

ukidjsck`ey dk`j`dh ck tbd dggart ta ljcktjck tbd jppdjrjkid ag larje purcty.‑ - Vdaped ag

tbd Ecd, L. Yiatt Vdio “

―C'l sc`kck` tbcs _pdtctcak\ ndijusd, js j garldr DYT gjiuety ldlndr, C wctkdssdh

tbd stjro wbctdkdss ag tbd ukcvdrscty jkh bjh sald ukpedjsjkt hdjeck`s wctb tbd iurrdkt

edjhdrsbcp ag YECL. “

―C'l sc`kck` ndijusd DYT bjs rdgusdh ta ha j prapdr ckvdstc`jtcak up uktce tbd

packt tbjt ct ndijld njh punecicty, ldjkck` tbjt tbdy kdvdr jitujeey ijrdh. Xbcs cs

ckhcijtcvd ag ljky tbck`s tbjt kddh ta ibjk`d ck tbcs saicdty jkh ck aur icty jkh

Tkcvdrscty. “

J Parh haiuldkt ecstck` ― Ialldkts Gral Iakidrkdh Ytuhdkts, Gjiuety, Jeulkc jkh

tbd Iallukcty gral Ibjk`d.ar` Vdtctcak“ cs jttjibdh js Dxbcnct @@ , jkh cs ckiarparjtdh ny

rdgdrdkid bdrdck.

Ck tbd sprck` sdldstdr ag >6:6, hdgdkhjkt, Yaicaea`y Vragdssar jkh garldr YECL Cktdrcl

Hdjk jkh Jssaicjtd Vravast @jry Pyjtt jkh akd ag bcs iejssds iakhuitdh j pramdit ijeedh tbd

Ijlpus Hcvdrscty Yurvdy Vramdit ck iakmukitcak wctb tbd Hcvdrscty Dhuijtcak Iallcttdd, jkh

prahuidh tbd rdsuets. Xrud jkh iarrdit iapcds ag sdeditdh pj`ds gral Pyjtt‑s rdpart jrd jttjibdh

js Dxbcnct BB , jkh jrd ckiarparjtdh ny rdgdrdkid bdrdck. Ytuhdkts wdrd jsodh ta sdeg-chdktcgy ck



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>0

j kulndr ag iejsscgcijtcaks, ckieuhck` rjid, `dkhdr, j`d, rdec`cak, jijhdlci iejss, `rjhd packt

jvdrj`d, hcsjncecty, vdtdrjk stjtus jkh tbdcr gcrst ejk`uj`d. Jkswdrs `cvdk rjk`dh gral kuldrcije

vjeuds ta qujectjtcvd qudstcaks. Bawdvdr, tbd edvde ag `rjkuejrcty rdprdsdktdh ck tbd rdsuets, ar

lard sc`kcgcijktey, tbd ejio tbdrdag, rdkhdrs j iedjr pciturd ag tbd jttctuhds ag spdicgci

iejsscgcijtcaks clpasscned. Pyjtt‑s rdsuets eulp jee tbd pjrtcicpjkts ckta akd iejsscgcijtcak= tbasd

wba jkswdrdh tbd qudstcakkjcrd. Xbd rdpart hads kat jeeaw saldakd ta okaw, gar dxjlped, baw

tbasd wba sdeg- chdktcgcdh js ―Nejio“ rjtdh tbd stjtdldkt ―Gjvarjned Iecljtd gar Lckarcty

Ytuhdkts.“ Xbcs cs dxjitey wbjt cs wrak` wctb tbd iueturd jt DYT. Xbcs cs wbjt cs ldj kt ny

swddpck` rjicje pranedls ukhdr tbd ru`, jkh ck tbcs ijsd, ukhdr tbd survdy rdsuets. Xbd vacidsjkh apckcaks ag tbd wbctd ljmarcty jrd jeeawdh ta hrawk aut tbd vacids ag lckarctcds. Ct cs bc`bey

ukpragdsscakje, narhdrck` ak ljeprjitcid, ta eulp hcspjrjtd vacids ta`dtbdr ck suib j wjy tbjt

lckarcty vacids jrd lutdh jkh scedkidh. Pyjtt bjs nddk jt DYT gar kdjrey tbcrty ydjrs, jkh cs

pjrt ag tbd jhlckcstrjtcvd kuiedus tbjt bjs rdscstdh hcvdrscty jkh ckieuscak jee tbjt tcld. Yald

sdeditdh quatjtcaks gral tbd survdy su``dst cktaedrjkid jkh hcsirclckjtcak jkh rdtjecjtcak cs kat

jnsdkt gral DYT, js iejcldh ck tbd prdss iakgdrdkid=

―̂jid jkh Dtbkci Cssuds

:. - J eat ag tbd Jgrcijk Jldrcijk stuhdkts wcee `raup ta`dtbdr jkh tbdk ydee rjicst jkhsdxcst tbck`s js C wjeo ny. Ar j eat ag tclds ct cs must tatjeey sd`rd`jtdh, jkh tbdy‑ee c`kardld jkh ly grcdkhs. (stuhdkts)

>. - Vdaped ck tbd iallukcty eaao hawk ak cktdrrjicje rdejtcaksbcps, jkh C wjs trdjtdh paarey gar hjtck` autschd ly rjid. (iallukcty ldlndrs)

9. - Pbdk Anjlj wak tbd Vrdschdkiy, sald stuhdkts pejidh bjtd ldssj`ds ak ly haarck Idktrje Larsd Bjee. (stuhdkts)

^dec`cak

:. - Ck j sdttck` wbdrd apckcaks ak paectcije jkh rdec`caus vcdws wdrd rdqudstdh natbgjiuety jkh stuhdkts wdrd ck hcsj`rddldkt. Xbcs rdsuetdh ck j strjckdh rdejtcaksbcp gar tbdrdst ag tbd iaursd. (stuhdkts jkh gjiuety)



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>2

Vaectcije Wcdws

:. - J `cre ck iejss wjs jsodh bdr paectcije apckcak jkh tbdk tbjt apckcak wjs pciodh jpjrt ny gjiuety ck grakt ag tbd iejss. (gjiuety)

^jid jkh Dtbkcicty

:. - Xbd lcstrdjtldkt ag Ldxcijk warodrs. (Jhlckcstrjtcak)

>. - ^djeey, saldakd kddhs ta dhuijtd sald pragdssar tbjt idrtjck tdrls gar rjicje `raupsjrd ckjppraprcjtd jkh tbjt ct‑s ockhj eaw -iejss ta ijee saldakd aut js rdprdsdktjtcvd ag jwbaed `raup pjrtciuejrey akd pragdssar rdgdrrdh ta Jscjk stuhdkts js - Arcdktjes ’ rdjeeyckjppraprcjtd. (gjiuety)

8. - Akd stuhdkt ijeedh jkatbdr stuhdkt j - kd`ra ukhdr bcs nrdjtb. (stuhdkt)

7. - Xdjibdrs `dttck` crrctjtdh wctb cktdrkjtcakje stuhdkts. Atbdr stuhdkts `dt grustrjtdhwctb NYT jkh jee tbd gukhck` lckarcty `raups rdidcvd. (jhlckcstrjtcak, gjiuety, stuhdkts)

Hcvdrscty ak Ijlpus-Kd`jtcvd

:. - C tbcko DYT ljy nd tryck` taa bjrh ta nd - hcvdrsd. Xbd lckarctcds jrd saldtclds`rjktdh grdd pjssds hud ta ejkùj`d njrrcdrs, edjrkck` hcsjncectcds dti. ijusck` jkukgjcrkdss ta tbd ljmarcty `raups. Hak‑t try ta a bjrh!“

DYT iueturd cs wbctd-idktrci, rdprdsdktck` tbd typcije Ojksjs hdla`rjpbci, jkh cs

taedrjkt akey ta j packt. Xbjt cs kat ̀ aah dkau`b ck tbd >: st idktury. Ck j rjhca cktdrvcdw ak

OWAD, Pyjtt tdees tbd puneci tbjt ck rd`jrhs ta swddpck` rjicje cssuds, jkh cssuds ag hcvdrscty

ukhdr tbd ru` , ―tbdrd jrd jewjys àck` ta nd cssuds, tbd qudstcak cs ha yau c`kard tbdl, swddp

tbdl ukhdr tbd ru`, ar ha yau rdjeey try ta hdje wctb tbdl1“

Hdjk Jedxjkhdr gjcedh ta jhhrdss tbd bjtd ircld, ny wbjtdvdr kjld, jkh kdctbdr hch

Iarhed, Jkhdrsak, Mabksak, Baavdr, Wcdttc, Ejundr, Pyjtt, jkh Haw, hdspctd jee ag tbdsd bjvck`

sald garl ag jhlckcstrjtcvd jutbarcty jkh jiidss ta tbd gjits. Xbd ircld wjs kdvdr ckvdstc`jtdh.

Xbd ecvdecbaah jkh ijrddr ag j kdwey lcktdh Jgrcijk-Jldrcijk pragdssar ck bc`bdr dhuijtcak bjs

nddk hdrjcedh, pdrbjps pdrljkdktey. Xbcs hads kat sdrvd tbd iallak àah jt jee.



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>3

Yditcak :329 pravchds ka sunstjktcvd rc`bts, "nut ldrdey pravchds j ldtbah gar

vckhcijtck` gdhdrje rc`bts desdwbdrd iakgdrrdh .“ Ec`bt v. Icty Ag Vejkt Icty , Ijsd Ka. 2=64-iv-

222-X->9XNL. (L.H. Gej. Muk 67, >667). Vejcktcgg suggdrdh ndijusd ka akd ck tbd ibjck ag

ialljkh ck tbd jhlckcstrjtcak ak tbd Ytjtd edvde wjs wceeck` ta ha tbd rc`bt tbck`, wbcib `ads ta

tbd bdjrt ag j 8> T.Y.I. § :329, jkh rjid ijkkat nd c`kardh js j gjitar gar tbcs iakhuit.

Muh`ldkt gar tbd pejcktcgg, ck tbd sdksd tbjt cts ijsd lavds garwjrh ck sald garl, waueh

ldjk tbjt vacids ag tbd lckarcty ijkkat nd skuggdh aut jt tbd wbcl ag j puneci ckstctutcak tbjt

rdscsts ibjk`d. Lc`bt sbaueh kat trulp rc`bt. Vejcktcgg bjs aggdrdh tbd Iaurt iapcaus gjituje

dvchdkid ag cts iejcls, wbced hdgdkhjkts bjvd prahuidh vcrtujeey katbck` dxidpt njrd hdkcjes,

njeh jeed`jtcaks jkh iakieuscaks ag ejw. Vejcktcgg ljy bjvd jk ckjrtgue ljkkdr ag ectc`jtck`, kat

ndck` j pragdsscakje ectc`jtar, nut tbjt bjs ka ndjrck` ak tbd gjits ar tbd iakhuit ag tbd pjrtcds ck

tbcs ijsd.

Pbdrdgard, Vejcktcgg Ldevck Bjed, VbH prjys tbd Iaurt ta rdkhdr muh`ldkt ck cts gjvar,

jkh j`jckst jee Hdgdkhjkts jkh Hads :-:66 gar jee rdldhcds jeeawdh ny ejw, iasts ag suct, jkh gar

suib atbdr jkh gurtbdr rdecdg js tbd Iaurt ljy arhdr. Vejcktcgg rdspditgueey rdqudsts tbcs Iaurt ta

hdky Hdgdkhjkts Pcesak jkh Decmjb‑s pdkhck` latcak ta hcslcss hcrditdh jt Vejcktcgg‑s Xbcrh

Jldkhdh Ialpejckt.

HJXDH= Ljy :0, >6:0 ^dspditgueey sunlcttdh,

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQLdevck Bjed, VbH, Vejcktcgg Vra YdV.A. Nax 7:07@aahydjr, J] 24992rddgrdsbFyjbaa.ial3:7-736-03>0



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96

ID^XCGCIJXD AG YD^WCID

Ijsd Ka. :4-8380-YJI-O@Y

C bdrdny idrtcgy tbjt C bjvd sdrvdh tbcs VEJCKXCGG‑Y LDLA^JKHTL CK AVVAYCXCAK XAHDGDKHJKXY PCEYAK JKH DECMJB‑Y LAXCAK XA HCYLCYY XBC^H JLDKHDHIALVEJCKX ak Ljy :0, >6:7. C pdrsakjeey ljcedh j iapy ag tbd haiuldkt ck tbd jnavd jitcak

ny gcrst iejss ljce, pastj`d prdpjch, jhhrdssdh ta tbd gaeeawck`=

Jkkd @dpgarh YlctbJsscstjkt Jttarkdy @dkdrje ag OjksjsLdlarcje Neh`., > kh Geaar:>6 YP :6 tb JvdkudXapdoj, OY 777:>-:430

Ejrry LcibdeOdkkdhy Ndroedy Sjrkdvcib & Pceecjlsak, Ibjrtdrdh::3 Pdst Crak Jvdkud, 0tb GeaarV.A. Nax >470Yjeckj, OY 7086>elcibdeFodkndro.ial

Jttarkdy gar Hdgdkhjkt/Iauktdriejcl Vejcktcgg Hdnrj ^ctt`drs ak bdr Iauktdriejcl

Vjue D. HdjkVjttak Vutkjl & Hdjk EEI

764 Y. Eckiaek, V.A. Nax ::94Dlparcj, OY 7726:

pjuehdjkejweeiFbatljce.ial Jttarkdy gar Hdgdkhjkt Hdchrd Decmjb

C jl kat j pjrty ta tbcs ljttdr. C hdiejrd ukhdr tbd pdkjety ag pdrmury tbjt tbd gard`ack` cs trudjkh iarrdit.

/s/ Jk`decij @. BjedV.A. Nax 7:07

@aahydjr, J] 24992



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DRBCNCX ―J“

Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d 9: ag :>:


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Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d 9> ag :>:


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DRBCNCX ―N“



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DRBCNCX ―I“



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----- Garwjrhdh Ldssj`d -----

Gral= Ldevck Bjed 5*******Fyjbaa.ial;

Xa= "jk`decijbjed0Fyjbaa.ial" 5********Fyjbaa.ial;

Ydkt= Xudshjy, Ju`ust >4, >6:4 :>=92 VL

Yunmdit= Ka tjeo zakd

Lcrjb pjssdh ny jkh wjs tjeock` gar j lckutd, tbdk sjch sbd rdldlndrdh tbjt ^jy sjch hak't tjeo

ta ld. Must gyc...



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DRBCNCX ―H“



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Ar`jkczjtcak Yicdkid Jrtcieds ck Jhvjkid , pp. :’>6CYYK :680-0693 (prckt) CYYK :4>7-4844 (akeckd) bttp=//hx.hac.ar`/:6.:>20/arsi.>6:8.6366

© >6:8 CKGA^LY

Cs Kd`jtcvd Jttdktcak Ndttdr Xbjk Ka Jttdktcak1Xbd Ialpjrjtcvd Dggdits ag Astrjicsl jkh

Bjrjssldkt jt Paro

Mjkd A–^dceeyXdegdr Yibaae ag Ljkj`dldkt, Tkcvdrscty ag Attjwj, Attjwj, Aktjrca O:K 7K4, Ijkjhj, mjkd.ardceeyFtdegdr.uattjwj.ij

Yjkhrj E. âncksakYjuhdr Yibaae ag Nusckdss, Tkcvdrscty ag Nrctcsb Iaeulncj, Wjkiauvdr, Nrctcsb Iaeulncj W7X :]>, Ijkjhj,

sjkhrj.rancksakFsjuhdr.uni.ij

Mdkkcgdr E. Ndrhjbeâtljk Yibaae ag Ljkj`dldkt, Tkcvdrscty ag Xarakta, Xarakta, Aktjrca L4Y 9D7, Ijkjhj, mndrhjbeFratljk.utarakta.ij

Yjrj Njkoc@rjhujtd Yibaae ag Ljkj`dldkt jkh Diakalcis, Ybjrcg Tkcvdrscty ag Xdibkaea`y, Xdbrjk, :84330938: Crjk, snjkocFsbjrcg.dhu

A strjicsl bjs nddk rdia`kczdh js iakidptujeey jkh dlpcrcijeey hcstckit gral bjrjssldkt. Hrjwck` gral tbdary jkhrdsdjrib tbjt su``dsts tbjt dlpeaydds bjvd j strak` kddh ta ndeak` ck tbdcr ar`jkczjtcaks, wd dxjlckd tbd ialpjrjtcvdgrdqudkiy jkh clpjit ag astrjicsl jkh bjrjssldkt ck ar`jkczjtcaks jirass tbrdd deh stuhcds. Ytuhy : khs tbjt j wchd rjk`dag dlpeaydds pdridcvd astrjicsl, ialpjrdh wctb bjrjssldkt, ta nd lard saicjeey jiidptjned, edss psyibaea`cijeey bjrlgue, jkhedss ecodey ta nd prabcnctdh ck tbdcr ar`jkczjtcak. Ytuhy > survdydh dlpeaydds gral j vjrcdty ag ar`jkczjtcaks ta tdst aurtbdary tbjt astrjicsl cs jitujeey j lard bjrlgue waropejid dxpdrcdkid tbjk bjrjssldkt. Yuppartck` aur prdhcitcaks, ialpjrdhwctb bjrjssldkt, astrjicsl wjs lard strakèy jkh kd`jtcvdey rdejtdh ta j sdksd ag ndeak`ck` jkh ta vjrcaus ldjsurds ag dlpeaydd wdee-ndck` jkh waro-rdejtdh jttctuhds. Pd jesa gaukh tbjt tbd dggdits ag astrjicsl ak wdee-ndck` jkh waro-rdejtdhjttctuhds wdrd jt edjst pjrtcjeey ldhcjtdh ny j sdksd ag ndeak`ck`. Ytuhy 9 rdpecijtdh tbd rdsuets ag Ytuhy > wctb hjtj iaeeditdhgral dlpeaydds ag j ejr`d ar`jkczjtcak jkh jesa ckvdstc`jtdh tbd ialpjrjtcvd clpjit ag astrjicsl jkh bjrjssldkt akdlpeaydd turkavdr. Astrjicsl, nut kat bjrjssldkt, sc`kc ijktey prdhcitdh jituje turkavdr tbrdd ydjrs jgtdr astrjicsl jkhbjrjssldkt wdrd jssdssdh, jkh tbcs wjs ldhcjtdh ny j sdksd ag ndeak`ck` (jendct jt p 5 6 :6). Clpecijtcaks gar tbdary,rdsdjrib, jkh prjitcid jrd hcsiussdh.

Odywarhs = astrjicsl? bjrjssldkt? ndeak`ck`kdss? wdee-ndck` Bcstary = Vunecsbdh akeckd ck Jrtcieds ck Jhvjkid .

Cg ka akd turkdh raukh wbdk wd dktdrdh, jkswdrdh wbdkwd spaod, ar lckhdh wbjt wd hch, nut cg dvdry pdrsak wdldt ―iut us hdjh,“ jkh jitdh js cg wd wdrd kak-dxcstck`tbck`s, j ockh ag rj`d jkh clpatdkt hdspjcr waueh drdeak` wdee up ck us, gral wbcib tbd irudeedst nahcey tarturdswaueh nd j rdecdg? gar tbdsd waueh ljod us gdde tbjt,bawdvdr njh lc`bt nd aur pec`bt, wd bjh kat suko ta suibj hdptb js ta nd ukwartby ag jttdktcak jt jee.

‘Pceecjl Mjlds (:236/>660, pp. >39’>38)

CktrahuitcakYtjrtck` wctb djrey stuhcds ak saicje rdmditcak (d.`., Mjiosakjkh Yjetzstdck :342, Yibjibtdr :34:), tbd stuhy ag ndbjv-cars tbjt csaejtd ar hcsiakkdit atbdrs gral saicje cktdrjitcakbjs `rawk ck rdidkt hdijhds. Astrjicsl (Pceecjls :330,>660? Pceecjls dt je. >666), jesa rdgdrrdh ta js saicjedxieuscak (HdPjee dt je. >663), saicje csaejtcak (âao :328), pddr rdmditcak (Vrckstdck jkh Jcocks >668), jnjkhak-ldkt (Njuldcstdr dt je. :339), jkh ndck` ―aut ag tbd eaap“

(Makds jkh Odeey >6:6), cs j iallak (Gax jkh Ytjeewartb>664, Bctejk dt je. >667n, Pceecjls :330) ydt pjrtciuejreypjckgue dxpdrcdkid (Dcsdkndr`dr jkh Ecdndrljk >668)jssaicjtdh wctb j vjrcdty ag hdtrcldktje pbyscije, psyiba-ea`cije, jkh waro-rdejtdh iaksdqudkids (Gdrrcs dt je. >662,Bctejk dt je. >667j, Lar Njrjo dt je. >66:? sdd Pceecjls>660 gar j rdvcdw).

Ck tbd ar`jkczjtcakje sicdkids, ndbjvcars tbjt sdrvdta saicjeey dxieuhd iaeedjùds bjvd trjhctcakjeey nddkstuhcdh ck iakmukitcak wctb j kulndr ag atbdr ndbjvcarstbjt ijpturd kd`jtcvd waropejid cktdrjitcaks (d.`., Huggydt je. >66>, @ealn :332, âspdkhj jkh ^cibljk >668).Lard rdidktey, bawdvdr, ar`jkczjtcakje sibaejrs bjvdrdia`kczdh tbjt astrjicsl cs hcstckit gral atbdr garls ag bjrlgue saicje ndbjvcars jt waro (Njeecdt jkh Gdrrcs >6:9,Gdrrcs dt je. >662, Bctejk dt je. >667j). Gdrrcs dt je. (>662)iakidptujeey jkh dlpcrcijeey hcstckùcsbdh waropejidastrjicsl gral j wchd rjk`d ag atbdr lcstrdjtldkt iak-struits, diback` hdijhds ag psyibaea`cije rdsdjrib tbjt bjs

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A–^dceey dt je.= Astrjicsl vs. Bjrjssldkt > Ar`jkczjtcak Yicdkid, Jrtcieds ck Jhvjkid , pp. :’>6, ©>6:8 CKGA^LY

dstjnecsbdh tbd clpartjkid ag ukhdrstjkhck` astrjicsl jsj ukcqud garl ag saicje lcstrdjtldkt (sdd Pceecjls >660gar j rdvcdw). Jetbau`b tbd hcstckit kjturd ag waropejidastrjicsl bjs nddk dstjnecsbdh, jk clpartjkt qudstcak tbjtrdljcks cs wbdtbdr ukhdrstjkhck` astrjicsl js j hcstckitwaropejid dxpdrcdkid jhhs vjeud ndyakh wbjt wd jerdjhy

okaw jnaut waropejid lcstrdjtldkt ck `dkdrje. Ck atbdrwarhs, ha warodrs vcdw astrjicsl hcggdrdktey gral atbdrgarls ag lcstrdjtldkt ck tbd waropejid, jkh, cg sa, baw1Lard clpartjktey, hads tbd clpjit ag astrjicsl hcggdrgral tbd clpjit ag atbdr garls ag lcstrdjtldkt1

Ck tbcs rdsdjrib, wd pravchd jkswdrs ta tbdsd qudstcaksny ialpjrck` dlpeaydds– pdridptcaks ag jkh rdjitcaks tawaropejid astrjicsl ta tbdcr pdridptcaks ag jkh rdjitcaksta atbdr garls ag lcstrdjtldkt. Pd iaeeditcvdey rdgdr tatbdsd ―atbdr“ garls ag lcstrdjtldkt js bjrjssldkt . Gartbd purpasds ag aur rdsdjrib, wd usd tbd tdrl ―bjrjssldkt“ta ijpturd j rjk`d ag jitcvd vdrnje jkh kakvdrnje ndbjv-cars tbjt jrd hcrditdh jt j tjr`dt jkh hdra`jtd ar ijusd

dlnjrrjssldkt ta tbjt tjr`dt. Clpartjktey, bjrjssldkt,ukecod astrjicsl, dk`j`ds j tjr`dt ck j saicje hykjlciwctb kd`jtcvd saicje jttdktcak jkh trdjtldkt, rjtbdr tbjkhcsdk`j`ck` j tjr`dt wctb j ejio ag jttdktcak jkh trdjtldkt(âncksak dt je. >6:9).

Pd tbdarczd tbjt waropejid astrjicsl cs pdridcvdh nydlpeaydds ta nd edss psyibaea`cijeey bjrlgue jkh lardsaicjeey jkh ar`jkczjtcakjeey jiidptjned tbjk bjrjssldktnut tbjt tbd clpjit ag astrjicsl ruks hcrditey iauktdrta tbdsd iallak pdridptcaks. Pbdrdjs sibaejrs bjvddstjnecsbdh tbjt astrjicsl cs j pjckgue dxpdrcdkid, dlpeay-dds jrd ecodey ta ndecdvd tbjt ct cs rdejtcvdey lukhjkd jkhckkaiuaus `cvdk cts ckhcrdit kjturd, pjrtciuejrey ialpjrdhwctb bjrjssldkt. Hrjwck` gral tbdary jkh rdsdjrib aktbd gukhjldktje buljk kddh ta gdde j sdksd ag ndeak`ck`wctb atbdrs (Njuldcstdr jkh Edjry :334, Gcsod >668),wd jrùd tbjt astrjicsl bjs j lard kd`jtcvd clpjit akdlpeaydds– sdksd ag ndeak`ck` ialpjrdh wctb bjrjssldkt.^dejtdhey, wd tbdarczd tbjt, ak jvdrj`d, astrjicsl bjs jkdvdk lard hdtrcldktje dggdit ak dlpeaydds– psyibaea`cijejkh ar`jkczjtcakje wdee-ndck` tbjk tbd lard hcrdit jkhdk`j`ck` garls ag lcstrdjtldkt ijpturdh ny bjrjssldkt.

Jkswdrck` tbd prapasdh rdsdjrib qudstcaks cs clpartjktndijusd, js j deh, wd kddh ta sbaw kat akey tbjtastrjicsl jkh bjrjssldkt jrd hcstckit iakstruits gral akdjkatbdr nut jesa tbjt tbdy bjvd hcstckit dggdits. Jetbau`brdsdjribdrs jiokawedh`d tbjt natb waropejid astrjicsljkh bjrjssldkt jrd kd`jtcvd dxpdrcdkids, wd iurrdkteyokaw vdry ectted jnaut wbdtbdr, jkh baw, tbd dggdits ag tbdsd dxpdrcdkids hcggdr. Aur rdsdjrib dxtdkhs tbd waro ag Gdrrcs dt je. (>662) ta gurtbdr dxpeard tbd hcstckitcvdkdssag astrjicsl gral atbdr kd`jtcvd waropejid cktdrjitcaksjkh, ck hack` sa, ljods sdvdrje iaktrcnutcaks ta tbdectdrjturd. Gcrst, wd bc`bec`bt baw j tbrdjtdkdh sdksd ag ndeak`ck` cs rdedvjkt ta jk ukhdrstjkhck` ag tbd hcspjrjtddggdits ag waropejid astrjicsl ak dlpeaydds. Aur waro ckhcijtds tbjt astrjicsl cs j strak`dr tbrdjt ta akd–s

sdksd ag ndeak`ck` tbjk bjrjssldkt, jkh j tbrdjtdkdhsdksd ag ndeak`ck` cs jk clpartjkt ldhcjtck` vjrcjnedndtwddk astrjicsl jkh jk dlpeaydd–s wdee-ndck` jkh waro-rdejtdh jttctuhds. Xbdsd rdsuets dstjnecsb j psyibaea`cijerjtcakjed gar wby astrjicsl cs j hdtrcldktje dxpdrcdkidck ar`jkczjtcaks. Ydiakh, aur waro sbaws tbjt, hcrditey

iauktdr ta ejy pdrspditcvds ag astrjicsl jkh bjrjssldkt,astrjicsl bjs j strak`dr jkh lard kd`jtcvd rdejtcaksbcptbjk bjrjssldkt wctb dlpeaydd wdee-ndck` autialdsjkh waro-rdejtdh jttctuhds. Aur waro supparts tbdarytbjt su``dsts tbjt astrjicsl cs j ukcqudey hdtrcldktjedxpdrcdkid (Ypaar jkh Pceecjls >660). Gckjeey, js wd wceehcsiuss gurtbdr, aur waro macks tbd nrajhdr hcsiusscak cktbd ectdrjturd ak ukhdrstjkhck` tbd ukcqudkdss jkh rdejtcvdclpjit ag rdejtdh nut hcstckit iakstruits (d.`., Bdrsbiavcs>6::, Xdppdr jkh Bdked >6::).

Pd tdst aur bypatbdsds jirass tbrdd deh stuhcds. Cktbd rst stuhy, wd dxjlckd wbdtbdr dlpeaydds pdridcvdastrjicsl, ialpjrdh wctb bjrjssldkt, ta nd edss bjrlgue

jkh lard jiidptjned ck tbdcr waropejids. Ck tbd kdxttwa stuhcds, gaeeawck` ldtbahaea`cije ùchdeckds garialpjrjtcvd tdsts (Iaapdr jkh ^cibjrhsak :327), wddxjlckd aur prdhcitcaks tbjt astrjicsl cs lard iallakjkh lard bjrlgue tbjk bjrjssldkt, jkh wd tdst tbd raedag j tbrdjtdkdh sdksd ag ndeak`ck`. Ytuhy > ckvaevds jhcvdrsd sjlped ag dlpeaydds jirass ljky ar`jkczjtcaks,wbdrdjs Ytuhy 9 sddos ta rdpecijtd jkh dxtdkh aur khck`swctb eak`ctuhckje hjtj gral akd ejr`d ar`jkczjtcak. Pdnd`ck ny nrcd y dxpejckck` tbd kjturd ag astrjicsl ckar`jkczjtcaks jkh baw ct cs hcstckit gral lard avdrt jkhhcrdit garls ag lcstrdjtldkt.

Astrjicsl ck Ar`jkczjtcaksAstrjicsl aiiurs jirass ljky saicje iaktdxts, ckieuhck`tbd waropejid (Gdrrcs dt je. >662, Bctejk dt je. >667j).Paropejid astrjicsl ijk ckieuhd bjvck` akd–s `rddtck`sà c`kardh, ndck` dxieuhdh gral ckvctjtcaks, katcickàtbdrs à scedkt wbdk akd sddos ta mack tbd iakvdrsjtcak,jkh tbd ecod. Pd hd kd astrjicsl js jk ckhcvchuje arj `raup kdèditck` ta tjod jitcaks tbjt dk`j`d jkatbdrar`jkczjtcakje ldlndr wbdk ct waueh nd iustaljry arjppraprcjtd ta ha sa (âncksak dt je. >6:9).

Xbd ukcqud kjturd ag astrjicsl cs ijpturdh ny twahcstckùcsbck` gdjturds. Gcrst, astrjicsl ckvaevds tbd alcs-scak ag ndbjvcar, ar hcrditck` ka ndbjvcar tawjrh tbdtjr`dt, ck iaktrjst ta bjrjssldkt, wbcib ckvaevds jitsag iallcsscak, ar hcrditck` burtgue ndbjvcar tawjrh tbdtjr`dt. Js Gdrrcs dt je. (>662) packtdh aut, garls ag lcs-trdjtldkt tbjt dk`j`d tbd tjr`dt ck j saicje cktdrjitcakcs jktctbdtcije ta tbd vdry kjturd ag astrjicsl= astrjicslckvaevds tbd jnsdkid ag j wjktdh ndbjvcar, wbdrdjsbjrjssldkt ckvaevds tbd prdsdkid ag jk ukwjktdh ndbjvcar.Ydiakh, wbdrdjs bjrjssldkt ljy ckvaevd j wchd rjk`d ag vdrnje jkh kakvdrnje ndbjvcars cktdkhdh ta bjrl, hdldjk,ndectted, ar ijusd pdrsakje bulcecjtcak ar dlnjrrjssldkt



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ta j tjr`dt, astrjicsl–s ukhdreyck` latcvds ijk nd ljky,suib js anecvcauskdss ar avdrsc`bt ak tbd pjrt ag tbd jitar(Gdrrcs dt je. >662, Pceecjls jkh Yalldr :330), jkhjrd kat kdidssjrcey cktdkhdh ta ijusd bjrl (Pceecjls>66:, >660).

Xbdsd ukcqud gdjturds ialnckd ta hcsdk`j`d tbd tjr`dt

ag astrjicsl gral saicje cktdrjitcak jkh ta ckbcnct tbdtjr`dt gral rdspakhck` ta tbcs garl ag lcstrdjtldkt.Bjrjssldkt, ak tbd atbdr bjkh, dk`j`ds tbd tjr`dt ck jsaicje hykjlci, jendct j kd`jtcvd akd, jkh tbus cs ecodeyta gude gurtbdr saicje cktdrjitcak. Astrjicsl–s prcljryclpjit cs ta hcsiakkdit jkh ta csaejtd, kat ta ckvaevd. Jswd wcee jrtciuejtd tbrau`baut tbcs pjpdr, ct cs tbcs iardgdjturd ag astrjicsl tbjt, ak tbd akd bjkh, ckirdjsds tbdsaicje jiidptjncecty jkh prdvjedkid ag astrjicsl rdejtcvd tabjrjssldkt, nut, ak tbd atbdr bjkh, cs ecodey ta iaktrcnutdta cts strak`dr jkh lard kd`jtcvd clpjit.

Vdridptcaks ag Astrjicsl jkh Bjrjssldkt jt Paro

Ndgard iakschdrck` tbd jituje hcggdrdkids ck tbd dggditsag astrjicsl jkh bjrjssldkt, edt us rst iakschdr bawtbasd hcggdrdkids jrd saicjeey pdridcvdh. Xbd pratatypcijevcdw ag lcstrdjtldkt ck ar`jkczjtcaks cs tbjt ag pdttytyrjkky , ibjrjitdrczdh ny avdrt ndbjvcars tbjt iakvdybastcecty, jktjàkcsl, jkh appasctcak (Jsbgartb :338).Jktc-nueeyck` ejws jkh ar`jkczjtcakje paecicds agtdk gaiusak declckjtck` tbdsd lard avdrt jktcsaicje ndbjvcars rjtbdrtbjk tbd lard sunted jkh ckvcscned akds ag astrjicsl.Ydxuje bjrjssldkt paecicds, jktc-nueeyck` ed`csejtcak, jkhatbdr garlje rueds jkh ar`jkczjtcakje ùchdeckds dxpeci-ctey jhhrdss jkh prabcnct vdrnje jkh pbyscije ndbjvcarstbjt jitcvdey hdldjk ar tbrdjtdk jkatbdr dlpeaydd. Ct csialpjrjtcvdey rjrd ta kh, bawdvdr, pdrsakkde rueds jkhùchdeckds tbjt jhhrdss tbd cssud ag saicjeey dxieuhck`jk dlpeaydd gral garlje ar ckgarlje cktdrjitcak, arc`karck` ar kat rdspakhck` ta jk dlpeaydd–s `rddtck`sjkh jttdlpts ta cktdrjit. Js jk dxjlped, j kjtcakwchdijlpjc`k ck tbd Tkctdh Ytjtds, tbd ―Bdjetby ParopejidIjlpjc`k,“ dkiaurj`ds stjtds ta jhapt jktc’waropejidnueeyck` ed`csejtcak tbjt tjr`dts tbd declckjtcak ag prata-typcije bjrjssldkt ndbjvcars suib js vdrnje jnusd, tbrdjts,bulcecjtcak, cktclchjtcak, waro cktdrgdrdkid, ar sjnatj̀ djkh alcts spdic i jttdktcak ak ndbjvcars tbjt rdprdsdktastrjicsl (Bdjetby Paropejid Ijlpjc`k >6:9).

Xbd gaius ak prabcnctck` dxpecict garls ag lcstrdjtldkt(c.d., bjrjssldkt) rd dits iakvdktcakje wcshal. Dxjlpedsjnaukh ag tbd ndecdg tbjt apdkey dxprdssck` kd`jtcvd jttc-tuhds j`jckst saldakd cs warsd tbjk jvachck` saldakd ar`cvck` tbdl tbd ―scedkt trdjtldkt.“ Gar ckstjkid, tbd ial-lak ndecdg tbjt j ―tcld-aut“ cs j `dktedr ar lard buljkdgarl ag pukcsbldkt tbjk cs ydeeck` gar j lcsndbjvckìbceh, ar dvdk tbjt saectjry iak kdldkt ag prcsakdrs cslard buljkd tbjk iarparje pukcsbldkt, rd dits tbd ndecdg tbjt kd`jtcvd dk`j`dldkt cs lard rdprdbdkscned tbjkhcsdk`j`dldkt. Xbd chdj tbjt astrjicsl cs j lard jiidpt-jned wjy ta dxprdss hcspedjsurd tbjk bjrjssldkt sddls

iallakpejid. Dlpcrcije rdsdjrib ckhcrditey vjechjtdstbcs jkdihatje dvchdkid. Nrajhey spdjock`, ckhcvchujestdkh ta sbaw j prdgdrdkid gar iallcttck` bjrl tbrau`bjits ag alcsscak rjtbdr tbjk jits ag iallcsscak‘hunndh―alcsscak ncjs“ (Njrak jkh ^ctav >668, p. 08). Bjrlguejits ag iallcsscak jrd `dkdrjeey pdridcvdh js lard aggdk-

scvd tbjk bjrlgue jits ag alcsscak (Iusbljk dt je. >667).Jeak` tbd sjld eckds, wd dxpdit tbjt dlpeaydds tdkh tapdridcvd astrjicsl vdrsus bjrjssldkt ck tbd waropejidluib tbd sjld wjy jkh tbdrdgard muh`d astrjicsl js edssbjrlgue jkh lard saicjeey jkh ar`jkczjtcakjeey jiidptjnedtbjk bjrjssldkt.

Bypatbdscs :. Astrjicsl, ialpjrdh wctb bjrjssldkt,cs pdridcvdh ta nd edss (j) psyibaeà cijeey bjrlgue,(n) saicjeey ckjppraprcjtd, jkh (i) ar`jkczjtcakjeey prabcnctdh.

Xbd pdridptcak tbjt astrjicsl cs rdejtcvdey bjrledss jkhjiidptjned sbaueh ialnckd wctb tbd ejio ag ar`jkczjtcakje

paecicds jkh sjkitcaks j`jckst ct ta ljod astrjicsl j―sjgdr“ wjy tbjk bjrjssldkt ta lcstrdjt saldakd jt waro (Nm÷roqvcst dt je. :338). Akd cs edss ecodey ta nd sddk jsj njh pdrsak gar c`karck` ar dxieuhck` saldakd tbjkgar apdkey cksuetck`, ydeeck` jt, ar tbrdjtdkck` bcl arbdr. Gurtbdrlard, akd cs edss ecodey ta nd iju`bt arrdpartdh gar astrjiczck` saldakd jkh ijk lard djsceyiejcl j ejio ag cktdkt (d.`., ndck` taa nusy ta rdspakh,gar`dttck` ta ckieuhd saldakd). Gar tbdsd rdjsaks, wd jesaprdhcit tbjt astrjicsl cs lard iallak tbjk bjrjssldktck ar`jkczjtcaks.

Bypatbdscs >. Dlpeaydds dxpdrcdkid lard astrjicsltbjk bjrjssldkt jt waro.

Xbd ^dejtcvd Clpjit ag Astrjicsl jkh BjrjssldktHdspctd tbd ejy pdridptcak tbjt astrjicsl cs j rdejtcvdeyndkc`k garl ag lcstrdjtldkt ialpjrdh wctb bjrjssldkt,psyibaea`cije rdsdjrib sbaws tbjt astrjicsl ijk nd jkdxtrdldey pjckgue jkh ukpedjsjkt dxpdrcdkid (Dcsdkndr`drjkh Ecdndrljk >668? Pceecjls >66:, >660). Xbd pawdrgueclpjit ag astrjicsl bjs nddk haiuldktdh ck ejnarjtarystuhcds, wbdrd astrjicsl cs tdlparjry jkh scluejtdh.^dspaksds ta astrjicsl ck ejnarjtary sdttck`s ckieuhd natbckwjrh-hcrditdh jkh autwjrh-hcrditdh rdjitcaks= tjr`dtsdxpdrcdkid burt gddeck`s, sjhkdss, jkxcdty, eakdeckdss, jkhsbjld (Nuioedy dt je. >668, Pceecjls dt je. >666) jkhsbaw edss cktdrdst ck iaktckuck` ta waro wctb tbdcr ejnarj-tary `raups, hcsecod gar `raup ldlndrs, jkh rdhuidh dggartak `raup tjsos (Odrr dt je. >662, Pceecjls dt je. >666).

@cvdk tbd iakscstdktey kd`jtcvd jkh hcggusd wjy ckwbcib astrjicsl jggdits ckhcvchujes ck ejnarjtary dxpdrc-ldkts, astrjicsl ck tbd waropejid‘j eaijtcak ag `rdjtclpartjkid gar pdrsakje, saicje, pragdsscakje, jkh dia-kalci autialds‘cs ecodey ta bjvd j pjrtciuejrey kd`jtcvddggdit ak dlpeaydds js wdee. ^dsdjrib ckta waropejiddxpdrcdkids ag astrjicsl bjs gaukh tbjt ct bjrls dlpeay-dds– sdksd ag wdee-ndck` jkh ukhdrlckds tbdcr jttctuhds

Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d 8: ag :>:


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DRBCNCX ―D“

Ijsd 4=:4-iv-68380-YJI-O@Y Haiuldkt 47 Gcedh 64/:0/:7 Vj`d 8> ag :>:


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DRBCNCX ―G“



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Gjiuety Lddtck`

J@DKHJ

Juùst :>, >6:4

:) YXDL @rjkt ’ ùdst= Hr. Odk Xbalpsak, Hdpjrtldkt ag Vbyscije Yicdkids

Iurrciueul Ibjk`ds

Kdw Iaursds=

EC 03: Yicdkid, Xdibkaea`y, Dk`ckddrck` jkh Ljtbdljtcis Iejssraals jkhIalpdtctcaks= Jsock` Zudstcaks, Hdgckck` Vranedls

EC 03> Ody Ectdrjiy Iakkditcaks ck YXDL Yunmdits= Iakhuitck` Ckvdstc`jtcaks,Jkjeyzck`, Cktdrprdtck` Hjtj

EC 039 Jhvjkick` jkh Hdgdkhck` Kdw Chdjs= Dk`j`ck` jk Jrùldkt gral Dvchdkid

EC 038 Yocees gar j Hddp Xdibkcije Parogarid= Antjckck`, Dvjeujtck`, Iallukcijtck`Ckgarljtcak

Kdw Idrtcgcijtd=Idrtcgcijtd ck Ckgarljtcak, Xdibkaea`y, jkh Yicdktcgci Ectdrjiy

>) Deditcak ag Gjiuety Ibjcr gar >6:4-:7

9) Jppravje ag Lckutds ag Ljy 7, >6:4

8) @rjhujtd Gjiuety Ytjtus

Guee @rjhujtd Gjiuety Ytjtus ’ Hr. Yjrjb Yuttak (Yjrjb wcee dxiusdbdrsdeg gar tbcs partcak ag tbd lddtck`)



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Jssaicjtd @rjhujtd Gjiuety Ytjtus ’ Hr. Yjkhy Wjedktc (Yjkhy wceedxiusd bdrsdeg gar tbcs partcak ag tbd lddtck`)

Xdlparjry @rjhujtd Gjiuety Ytjtus ’ Hr. Njrnjrj Lakt

Dr. Melvin Hale's Opposition to Derek Wilson and Deidra Elijah's Motion to Dismiss Third Amended...

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Transcript of Dr. Melvin Hale's Opposition to Derek Wilson and Deidra Elijah's Motion to Dismiss Third Amended...