Dr Geraldine Biddle-Perry Central Saint Martins
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Fashioning Anti-Fascism: National Sporting
Uniforms and Outdoor Leisure Clothing in Britain Between the Wars
Dr Geraldine Biddle-PerryCentral Saint Martins
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•Order of Woodcraft Chivalry (OWC), founded by Ernest Westlake, 1917•Kibbo Kift Kindred (KKK), 1920 led by John Hargrave•Woodcraft Folk, 1925, group from the KKK established by Leslie Paul
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Olympic Stadium, Berlin 1936
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Thomas Curtis (USA), Winner of 100m Hurdles, Athens 1896,
‘Ennobled by the memories of the past, athletes all over the world will learn to know one another better, to make mutual concessions, and to seek no other reward in the competition than the honor of the victory. One may be filled with desire to see the colors of one’s club or college triumph in a national meeting; but how much stronger is the feeling when the colors of one’s country are at stake.’
Baron Pierre de Coubertin, The Official Report of the 1896 Olympic Games Part One, The Olympic Games B.C. 776 – A.D. 1896, p. 79
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“Crumbo” by “Spy”, Vanity Fair, 19 March 1896, p.205
‘ a fine young specimen of English manhood ... a very well-built young fellow of much symmetry and proportion … ‘a beautiful complexion, an almost girlish look, a very frequent blush (which is the outcome of much modesty), a temper that will bear much chaff, and a chin that in times of depression looks as though it would fall off and explode on the floor.’
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‘A Votive Vase of Modern Olympic Competitors, The Illustrated London News, July 18, 1908
‘All the World’s Sportsmen’,The Sphere, July 18, 1908
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United Kingdom Team, Opening Ceremony, London 1908
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USA Team, Grand March Past, Stockholm, 1912. Plate 109, The Fifth Olympiad, The Official Report of the Games of Stockholm 1912, la84 foundation.
‘Few of us would
care to see England
take its games quite
in the American
spirit, and the
admiration which
we feel for those
splendid bands of
Scandinavian
gymnasts is not
unmingled, in the
case of most of us,
with a certain
shamed contempt.’
Official Report of the Olympic Games in Stockholm (1912, 63)
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Cyril Ellis (Birchfield Harriers), in team blazer, Amsterdam 1928 (finished 5th in 1500 m,)
‘The British Olympic
Committee is resolved
to collect money
sufficient to provide
adequate funds for
competitors while
assuring the British
Public that in those
events in which Great
Britain is to be
represented the
principles of true
amateurism have in
no way been
sacrificed.’
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… no matter how humble or supposedly inconsequential,
no form of uniform or official dress just materializes out
of the blue. Every one is the product of prolonged
thought, not just about the mission of the group being
outfitted but about the meanings associated with its
cultural function and authority.
Paul Fussell, Uniforms: Why We Are What We Wear
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British Olympic Journal, June 1934
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1936 Olympic Cap, made by Jaeger
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7th Northamptonshire Regiment (18th Division), photo taken 9th August 1917 near Dickebush, showing cut down Service Dress trousers
Tank Corps Officer Western Front 1917, from Windrow (1979), Tank and AFV Uniforms since 1916: 65
Men’s Dress Reform Party 1932
Resistance SubversionAppropriationNon-UniformityCostumingFolk Nationalism
Kibbo Kift Kindred
Rolf GardinerThe Travelling Morrice
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John Hargrave, (1919) The Great War Brings it Home
Tribal Training, ‘The Test of the Supple Limb’ and ‘The Art of Walking’, in The Great War Brings it Home (1919)
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Order of Woodcraft Chivalry ’Uniform Notes’, Pine Cone, VoI. I No. 3 January - March 1924, p19-22
Order of Woodcraft Chivalry(1917)
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‘The uniform as adopted is very serviceable and hygienic, and withal picturesque. It is not recommended that it should be worn as an everyday garment in camp, but only on certain occasions, e.g., councils, walks, and treks…’
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Kibbo Kift Kindred Annual Althing 1928 Museum of London
Their uniform was to serve as ‘a symbolic violation of the social order’
John Hargrave, ‘White Fox’
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Kibbo Kift Kindred
Ceremonial robes for ‘Keeper of the Council Fire’Suggested Designs and Decorations
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Woodcraft Folk
‘every symbol, every totem, every song has its own peculiar value ... We are the revolution’.
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Wedding of Miss Lily Chandler and Mr Richard Goss outside “Nia Hejmo”The Wheatsheaf, July 1930, p.XVIII
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‘a mark of respect for the smashed socialist youth movements of the continent’
‘green clad shock troopers of the people’s fighting front’
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