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DR. GEORGI POPOV, QEP, CMCCONSTRUCTION SAFETY PRESENTATION

Prevention through Design (PtD) for Hazards in

Construction

gpopov@ucmo.edu

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You will learn how to use Prevention through Design (PtD) methodology for hazards specific to the construction industry. You will take away a downloadable PtD Risk Assessment tool which successfully identifies three NIOSH and OSHA case studies relevant to current issues within construction safety and health.

The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the use of PtD risk assessment tool.

Safety, Health and Environmental (SH&E) professionals have to learn how to incorporate PtD principles into projects, design, and re-design phase.

Overview

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PtD RA Tool Overview

The PtD tool highlights a 4-step approach to risk assessment:

Most importantly, this tool requires the user to develop balanced process and a logic based risk assessment methodology designed to engage the participants through the hazard assessment and risk prioritization process.

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Why PtD Risk Assessment Tools?

ANSI/ASSE Z590.3-2011 Prevention through Design standard addresses occupational safety and health needs and RA methodologies

ANSI/ASSE/ISO (Z690-2011) Risk Management Standards Package - This standard provides principles and generic guidelines on risk management.

ANSI/AIHA/ASSE Z10-2012: The standard defines minimum requirements for an OSHMS. It also includes risk assessment components not previously included.

ISO 45001 OSHMS also includes risk assessment components .

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ANSI Z10 Requirements – Section 4.1

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ANSI Z10 Requirements – Section 4.2

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ANSI Z10 Section 4.2 Recommended Practices

Notice:Multiple RA

methodsFinancial ImpactRegulatory

compliance Include:Business IssuesSetting

Priorities

High Severity

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ANSI Z10 Section 4.2 Recommended practices

Establish priorities based on levels of risk (RAM)

Potential for system improvements (PtD HofC)

Business consequences (Bow – tie analysis).

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ANSI Z10 & PtD

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Risk Assessment Process and the PtD Model

ISO 31000/ANSI Z690.2 and ANSI Z590.3 -2011 Integration

7.12 Document the Results

7.13 Follow Up on Action Taken

ISO 31000/ANSI Z690.2 Risk Management Process ANSI Z590.3 PtD Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment Process

7.5 Consider the Failure Modes

7.6 Assess the Severity of Consequences

7.7 Determine Occurrence Probability

7.8 Define the Initial Risk

7.10 Assess the Residual Risk

7.11 Risk Acceptance Decision Making

7.9 Select and Implement Risk Reduction and Control Methods

7.1 Management Direction

7.2 Select a Risk Assessment Matrix

7.3 Establish the Analysis Parameters

7.4 Anticipate/Identify the Hazards

Communication and consultation

(5.2)

Establishing the context (5.3)

Monitoring and review (5.6)

Risk identification (5.4.2)

Risk analysis (5.4.3)

Risk evaluation (5.4.4)

Risk treatment (5.5)

Risk assessment (5.4)

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Risk Assessment Process and the

PtD Model

As illustrated in the previous slide and Figure to the right, the two standards are similar in the process steps with a few differences.

1) Data gathering – Injury and protective data

2) Set scope or Limits of Assessment

3) Develop and charter risk reduction team

4) Identify task and hazards

5) Assess risk – Initial risk scoring system

6) Reduce risk – Hazard control hierarchy

7) Assess Risk – residual risk scoring system

Identify current controls

Test/verify current controls

Identify new controls

Residual risk acceptable?

8) Results/Documentation

Evaluation complete

9) Controls measurement system

Yes

10) New hazard ID

Reevaluate tasks and hazards

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Risk Identification (5.4.2)

Establish the context (5.3)

Communication and consultation (5.2)

Risk Analysis (5.4.3)

Risk evaluation (5.4.4)

Risk treatment (5.5)

Monitor and review (5.6)

ANSI/ASSE Z690.2/ISO 31000 ANSI/ASSE Z590.3 PtD

Comparisons of Risk Assessment in ISO

31000/ANSI Z690.2 and ANSI Z590.3

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Hazard ID -OSHA 300 Form

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OSHA 300 Incidence Rate Comparison

Source: http://data.bls.gov/iirc/

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Financial Losses

Non- Financial Losses???

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PtD RA Tool

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Hand-Operated Grinders: Identify Tasks and Hazards

Silica Dust: “Activities that may produce crystalline silica dust include jack hammering, rock/well drilling, concrete mixing, concrete drilling, and brick and concrete block cutting and sawing.”

Electric and pneumatic hand operated grinders used for surface finishing and cutting jobs may produce silica dust. 

Sources: https://www.osha.gov/dsg/topics/silicacrystalline/hazard_recognition_silica.htmlhttps://www.osha.gov/Publications/3362silica-exposures.pdf

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Hand-Operated Grinders: Identify Tasks and Hazards

Vibration Hazards: Extent of ExposureBased on a 1974 study of occupational

exposures to vibration, NIOSH estimates that 1.2 million workers in the United States are potentially exposed to hand-arm vibration

Source: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/83-110/

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Hand-Operated Grinders: Identify Tasks and Hazards

Noise: According to OSHA

“Prolonged exposures to loud noise can lead to a gradual, but permanent, loss of hearing.”

Current State controls:

Source: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/3498noise-in-construction-pocket-guide.pdf

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Hand-Operated Grinders: Identify Tasks and Hazards

Employees produce dusts containing silica when they grind on concrete and similar materials. Data compiled by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) indicate that, among employees who grind concrete, most are exposed to silica at levels that exceed OSHA’s benchmark of 0.1mg/m³ (milligrams of silica per cubic meter of air)

Source: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/3362silica-exposures.pdf

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H&S Risk Assessment

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Risk of business continuity loss from Hazardous Work Environment

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Hazards and Consequences 30,000 ft. overview

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PtD HoC

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H&S Hazards - New Controls

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H&S Risk Assessment - New Controls

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Risk of business continuity loss from Work Environment – New Controls

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Hazards and Consequences 30,000 ft. overview – New Controls

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Assess Residual Risk and Risk Reduction

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Conclusion

Risk Assessment is a critical component of ANSI/AIHA Z-10 and PtD standards.

Through the use of the PtD risk assessment, newly designed power tools, and improved controls can successfully reduce injuries and illnesses within construction industry.

Additional steps: Cost-benefit analysis can demonstrate the need for tool replacement and highlight financial and non-financial benefits.

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Questions?

I hope it was a value added session…

Remember – the best RA method is…

the one that you have developed

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https://www.osha.gov/Publications/3362silica-exposures.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ptd/pubs.html

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/83-110/

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/wp-solutions/2009-115/pdfs/2009-115.pdf

Bibliography

OSHA and NIOSH publicly available materials:

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HAV Measurement

Left hand

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HAV Measurement

Right hand