Dr. Amam Ali Amam PhD: Periodontal Disease
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Transcript of Dr. Amam Ali Amam PhD: Periodontal Disease
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Dr. Amam Ali AmamPhD: Periodontal Disease
Dr. Amam Ali AmamPhD: Periodontal Disease
Epithelial tissue
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Epithelial tissue
Epithelial tissue Connective
tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular
tissue
Muscular
tissue Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue
The human body is composed of only
4 basic types of tissue The human body is composed of only
4 basic types of tissue
Cells Moleculesof the extracellular matrix
They are formed by:They are formed by:
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The main characteristics of these basic types of tissue:
tissue Cells Extracellular matrix
Main Function
Nervous Nervous Intertwining Intertwining elongated elongated processesprocesses
NoneNone Transmission of Transmission of nervous impulsesnervous impulses
Epithelial Epithelial Aggregated Aggregated polyhedral cellspolyhedral cells
Very small amountVery small amount Lining of surface or Lining of surface or body cavities, body cavities, glandular secretionglandular secretion
MuscleMuscle Elongated Elongated contractile cellscontractile cells
Moderate amountModerate amount MovementMovement
Connective Connective Several types of Several types of fixed and fixed and wandering cellswandering cells
Abundant amountAbundant amount Support and Support and protectionprotection
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is characterized by:
The abundance of extracellular
material produced by its cells.
is characterized by:
The abundance of extracellular
material produced by its cells.
Connective TissueConnective Tissue
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is composed of:
elongated cells that have the
Specialized function of contraction .
Muscular TissueMuscular Tissue
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is composed of:
cells with elongated processes
that receive, generate and
transmit nerve impulses
is composed of:
cells with elongated processes
that receive, generate and
transmit nerve impulses
Nervous TissueNervous Tissue
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Epithelial Tissuesare composed of:
Epithelial Tissuesare composed of:
closely aggregated
Polyhedral Cellsvery little
Extracellular Substance
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Epithelial tissue: Epithelial tissue:
Epithelial cells covers or line surfaces
of the body & cavities (eg, skin, stomach, oral cavity, all tubes inside the blood vessels).
Epithelial cells covers or line surfaces
of the body & cavities (eg, skin, stomach, oral cavity, all tubes inside the blood vessels).
These tissues exist not as isolated units but rather
is association with one another and in variable
proportions, forming different organs & systems
of the body.
These tissues exist not as isolated units but rather
is association with one another and in variable
proportions, forming different organs & systems
of the body.
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1- Covering & lining of surfaces (eg, skin, intestines).
2- Absorption (eg, intestines).
3- Secretion (eg, glands).
4- Sensation (eg, gustative & olfactory neuroepithelium)
5- Contractility (eg, myoepithelial cells)
1- Covering & lining of surfaces (eg, skin, intestines).
2- Absorption (eg, intestines).
3- Secretion (eg, glands).
4- Sensation (eg, gustative & olfactory neuroepithelium)
5- Contractility (eg, myoepithelial cells)
The principal Functions of Epithelial tissues are:The principal Functions of Epithelial tissues are:
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Epithelial Cells are covering & lining surfaces
and cavities of the body (external & internal surfaces).
Therefore, everything that enter or leave the body
should cross the epithelial sheet.
Epithelial Cells are covering & lining surfaces
and cavities of the body (external & internal surfaces).
Therefore, everything that enter or leave the body
should cross the epithelial sheet.
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It’s very strong (firm), they should be continuous
Because they are going to ( cover, protect, make the function)
as perfect as possible.
It’s very strong (firm), they should be continuous
Because they are going to ( cover, protect, make the function)
as perfect as possible.
Relationship between Epithelial Cells (E.C). Relationship between Epithelial Cells (E.C).
They communicate because they want to know the
function of the other, and to live ( if one cell is underworking
then the other cell should raise up their level to cover for it )
or if it died.
They communicate because they want to know the
function of the other, and to live ( if one cell is underworking
then the other cell should raise up their level to cover for it )
or if it died.
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Most organs can be divided into 2 componentsMost organs can be divided into 2 components
1- Parenchyma1- Parenchyma 2- Stroma2- Stroma
It’s composed of the
cells responsible for
the main functions
typical of the organ
It’s composed of the
cells responsible for
the main functions
typical of the organ
It’s the supporting
tissue, it’s made of
connective tissue,
except in the brain
and spinal cord
It’s the supporting
tissue, it’s made of
connective tissue,
except in the brain
and spinal cord
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Epithelial Cell nuclei have distinctive shapes:Epithelial Cell nuclei have distinctive shapes:
Epithelial Cell Nucleus shapes Location
Cuboidal Spherical Central
Squamous Flattened Central
Columnar Oval near the Basal
Forms of Nucleus & it’s locationForms of Nucleus & it’s location
The long axis of the nucleus is always parallel to the main axis of the cell.
The long axis of the nucleus is always parallel to the main axis of the cell.
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1- Microvilli.1- Microvilli.
Specialization of the cell surfaceSpecialization of the cell surface
2- Cilia.2- Cilia.3- Flagella.3- Flagella.
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1 -Microvilli 1 -Microvilli
They are found mainly on:
1- the Free cell surface.
2- absorptive cells (lining epithelium of the small intestines
& the cells of the proximal renal tubule).
They are found mainly on:
1- the Free cell surface.
2- absorptive cells (lining epithelium of the small intestines
& the cells of the proximal renal tubule).
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MicrovilliMicrovilli
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2 -Cilia 2 -Cilia
They are cylindrical motile
structures on the surface
of some epithelium cells.
They are cylindrical motile
structures on the surface
of some epithelium cells.
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2 Types of Epitheliumaccording to structure & function
2 Types of Epitheliumaccording to structure & function
1- Covering Epithelium
1- Covering Epithelium
2- Glandular Epithelium
2- Glandular Epithelium
1-Squamous.2-Cuboidal.3-Columnar.
1-Squamous.2-Cuboidal.3-Columnar.
1-Simple1-Simple 2-Stratified2-Stratified 3- Pseudostratified 3- Pseudostratified
1-Squamous keratinized.2-Squamous non-
keratinized 3-Cuboidal.4-Transitional.5-Columnar.
1-Squamous keratinized.2-Squamous non-
keratinized 3-Cuboidal.4-Transitional.5-Columnar.
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Types of covering epitheliumTypes of covering epithelium
1-Simple1-Simple
2-Stratified2-Stratified
3- Pseudostratified 3- Pseudostratified
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Types of covering epitheliumSimple Epithelium PatternsTypes of covering epitheliumSimple Epithelium Patterns
1-Squamous.1-Squamous.
2-Cuboidal.2-Cuboidal.
3-Columnar.3-Columnar.
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1 -Simple Squamous Epithelium 1 -Simple Squamous Epithelium
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1 -Simple Squamous Epithelium ? Where it’s Located
1 -Simple Squamous Epithelium Where it’s Located ?
lungs (alveoli). capillary ((endothelium). lining of pleural cavity, the
pericardium, and the peritoneum.
Bowman's capsule (Kidney). Blood vessels ((endothelium).
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2-Simple Cuboidal Epithelium. 2-Simple Cuboidal Epithelium.
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2 - SimpleCuboidal Epithelium 2 -Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
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2 - SimpleCuboidal Epithelium ? Where it’s Located
2 -Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Where it’s Located ?
follicle of thyroid gland collecting ducts of kidney salivary glands. Pancreas. Ovary. Uterus. Lining of intestine. gallbladder
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Types of covering epithelium3-Simple Columnar Epithelium.
Types of covering epithelium3-Simple Columnar Epithelium.
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3 - SimpleColumnar Epithelium 3 -Simple Columnar Epithelium
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3 - SimpleColumnar Epithelium? Where it’s Located
3 -Simple Columnar EpitheliumWhere it’s Located ?
Gallbladder. surface epithelium of stomach. Uterine glands (all phases). small intestine
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Type
Cell Form
Examples of Distribution
Main Function
Simple
Squamous Lining of vessels (endothelium).
Serous lining of cavities; pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium)
Facilitates the movement of the viscera (mesothelium), active transport by pinocytosis (mesothelium & endothelium), secretion of biologically active molecules (mesothelium)
Cuboidal Covering the ovary, thyroid.
Covering, secretion.
Columnar Lining of intestine, gallbladder.
Protection, lubrication, absorption, secretion.
Types of covering epitheliumTypes of covering epithelium
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Types of covering epitheliumTypes of covering epithelium
1-Simple1-Simple
2-Stratified2-Stratified
3- Pseudostratified 3- Pseudostratified
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Types of covering epitheliumStratified Epithelium PatternsTypes of covering epitheliumStratified Epithelium Patterns
1-Squamous keratinized.2-Squamous non-keratinized 3-Cuboidal.4- Transitional.5-Columnar.
1-Squamous keratinized.2-Squamous non-keratinized 3-Cuboidal.4- Transitional.5-Columnar.
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Stratified Squamous keratinized EpitheliumStratified Squamous keratinized Epithelium
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Stratified Squamous non-keratinized (moist)Stratified Squamous non-keratinized (moist)
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Stratified Squamous non-keratinized (moist)Where it’s Located ?
Stratified Squamous non-keratinized (moist)Where it’s Located ?
oral mucosa pharynx esophagus anal canal uterine cervix & vagina
oral mucosa pharynx esophagus anal canal uterine cervix & vagina
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Squamous Stratified EpitheliumSquamous Stratified Epithelium
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Transitional Stratified EpitheliumWhere it’s Located?
Transitional Stratified EpitheliumWhere it’s Located?
Bladder, Ureters, renal calyces.Bladder, Ureters, renal calyces.
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Transitional Stratified EpitheliumTransitional Stratified Epithelium
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Ducts of sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles.
Cuboidal Stratified EpitheliumWhere it’s Located?
Cuboidal Stratified EpitheliumWhere it’s Located?
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Type Cell Form Examples of Distribution
Main Function
Stratified
Surface layer squamous keratinized (dry).
Epidermis. Protection ; prevents water loss.
Surface layer squamous nonkeratinized (moist).
Mouth,esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal
Protection, secretion; prevents water loss.
Cuboidal Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles.
Protection, secretion.
Transitional: domelike to flattened, depending on the organ.
Bladder, Ureters, renal calyces.
Protection, distensibility.
Columnar. Conjunctiva. Protection.
Types of covering epitheliumTypes of covering epithelium
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Ciliated Pseudostratified EpitheliumCiliated Pseudostratified Epithelium
Maxillary Sinus
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Pseudostratified columnar EpitheliumPseudostratified columnar Epithelium
Trachea
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Type Cell Form Examples of Distribution
Main Function
Simple
Squamous Lining of vessels (endothelium).
Serous lining of cavities; pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium)
Facilitates the movement of the viscera (mesothelium), active transport by pinocytosis (mesothelium & endothelium), secretion of biologically active molecules (mesothelium)
Cuboidal Covering the ovary, thyroid. Covering, secretion.
Columnar Lining of intestine, gallbladder. Protection, lubrication, absorption, secretion.
Pseudo-stratified
Some columnar
& some cuboidal.
Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity. Protection, secretion; cilia-mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus.
Stratified
Surface layer squamous keratinized (dry).
Epidermis. Protection ; prevents water loss.
Surface layer squamous nonkeratinized (moist).
Mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina,
anal canal
Protection, secretion; prevents water loss.
Cuboidal Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles.
Protection, secretion.
Transitional: domelike to flattened, depending on the organ.
Bladder, Ureters, renal calyces. Protection, distensibility.
Columnar. Conjunctiva. Protection.
Common types of covering epithelia in the human bodyCommon types of covering epithelia in the human body
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Glandular epithelial cells (store & secrete :
1. proteins (eg: pancreas)2. lipids, ( egsebaceous glands)3. carbohydrates and proteins, (eg: salivary glands)• Mammary glands do all that. • Secretes substances from the
blood, sweat glands
Glandular EpitheliumGlandular Epithelium
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Unicellular: goblet glands. Multicellular:1. Exocrine2. Endocrine
Types of glands Types of glands
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Glandular EpitheliumGlandular Epithelium