DPA 102 Philippine Administrative System
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Transcript of DPA 102 Philippine Administrative System
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Prepared by:
Josefina B. Bitonio, DPA LNU Graduate School
A Lecture – Presentation for
Philippine Councilors’ League
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Is there a Philippine Public Administration or Better Still, for whom is Public Administration?
Brillantes, Jr. and Fernandez:2008
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A Philippine Public Administration as far as there is an American, French and Thai public administration.
A Philippine public administration as far as there are institutions of public administration addressing specific sectoral concerns.
A Philippine public administration as far as it being a field of study is concerned.
A Philippine public administration considering the massive role of the bureaucracy in Philippine public administration.
A Philippine public administration when we consider its major institutions in education, politics and government.
There is . . . .
Brillantes, Jr. and Fernandez:2008
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Public Administration is a field with a rich
heritage.
To promote superior understanding of PAS and
its relationship with the society it governs as
well as to encourage public policies more
responsive to social needs and institute
managerial practice attuned to effectiveness,
efficiency, and the deeper human requisites of
the citizenry
www.ginandjar.com
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www.ginandjar.com 3s
Interdisciplinary Interface of
Public Administration Law
LAW
POLITICS
BUSINESS
ECONOMICS
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
• DISCRETIONARY
POWERS
MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC POLICY
Rationale
Responsive to citizens
need and preferences
PUBLIC CHOICE
Economic Man
Man: The Decision Maker
PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
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Application of scientific process to the
administrative process (1930s)
Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick –
POSDCORB
planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting.
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Occupation /Profession
Academic Field
Research Teaching
Public Adminstration
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PRAXIS. From its beginning, the
discipline has also enjoyed extensive
interaction between those who
practice it allowing more intensive
experimentation than has been
possible in some social sciences.
www.ginandjar.com 3s
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Raul P. De Guzman -1993
-It is the process and contents of implementing public policies and programs.
- It is cooperative human action whether within the public bureaucracy, the private sector, or in NGOs aimed at delivering services to the people.
Public Administration
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Philippine Administrative System (PAS)
PAS refers to a network of
organizations with specific rules and
goals, structures, resources and
programs. It includes the internal
processes of and the interaction between
and among public organizations, which
are constituted to implement, help
formulate, monitor or assess public
policies
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Philippine Administrative System (PAS)
Public PA socio-political and economic environment system covers the PA relationship with its immediate public in contact, as well as the PA’s reactions to or how it is affected by the greater socio-political and economic environment within which it operates
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Public PA Socio-Political and Economic Environment System
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Leonard D. White. His book, Introduction to the Study of Public Administration, is one of the most influential texts in public administration to date. One of his assumptions was that administration is still an art. He, however, recognized the ideal of transforming it into a science. emphasizing the managerial phase of administration.
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Philippine Administrative System (PAS)
PAS empowers people:
1) institutionalizes access to PAS services;
2) decentralizes & makes operations transparent;
3) listens and works with people;
4) procedures should be made simple and
local language should be used.
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Components of PAS
• Public organization - legal mandates, major functions and structures, etc.
• Internal procedures and interactive efforts - perform public functions thru defined rules and procedures internal to the org.
• Responsible for implementing public policies – formulated jointly by the legislative and executive branches
• Conscious of the different kinds of clientele that it deals with socio-political, economic environment –
• PAS as part of the bigger social system with competing claims to limited resources and, institutions play a role in determining the utilization of resources
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Sources of Power
• Instrument of the state – government functions are exercised legitimately, supported by enabling state policies and authority
• Enforcer and implementer of public policy – discretion in policy
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Sources of Power
• Service delivery system – discretion to determine quantity, quality, adequacy and timeliness of services it provides
• Participant in policy formulation – advice is sought on legislation and policy-making
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Sources of Power
• Technical expertise –professional training of civil servants in areas of competence on policy issues
• Nationwide presence – expansive reach to mobilize support for programs all over the country.
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Capability Building
– refers to the “building of people-based structures and institutions which is the real essence of the concept. It means enabling people to organize themselves around common needs and to work together towards common ends. It is addressed to policy makers, program implementer, and program beneficiary”.
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Capability Building
Stages of CB Process
Problem Identification
Objective Setting
Program planning
Structure building
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How the customer
explained it
How the Project
Leader Understood
it
How the analyst
designed it
How the business
consultant
described it
How the project
was documented
What operations
were installed
How the
customer was
billed
How it was
supported
What the
customer really
needed
How the
programmer wrote it
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Four Outputs of Capability Building
Effective self sustaining community organizations
Installation of community self management process
Partnership/linkage with outside structures
Community problem solving capability
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Public Administrative System (PAS) Structure
Constitutional bodies:
constitutional commissions – Civil Service Commission (CSC), Commission on Audit (COA), Commission on Elections (COMELEC);
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Public Administrative System (PAS) Structure
constitutionally created/mandated special bodies
Commission on Human Rights (CHR) and Ombudsman
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Public Administrative System (PAS) Structure
Executive Departments
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Legislative Branch
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Judicial Branch
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Public Administrative System (PAS) Structure
Government Owned Companies or Corporations (GOCCs) (wholly-owned or at least 51%)
Chartered institutions (created by law)
LGUs
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Constitution
Executive
/Government Legislature
Judiciary
Public
Administration
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PRESIDENT
VICE-PRESIDENT
CONSTITUTIONAL
BODIES
OTHER EXECUTIVE
OFFICES
DEPARTMENT
OF FINANCE
DEPARTMENT OF
BUDGET AND
MANAGEMENT
NATIONAL ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY
DEPARTMENT OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OFFICE OF THE PRESS SECRETARY
DEPARTMENT OF
AGRARIAN REFORM DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND
NATURAL RESOURCES
DEPARTMENT
OF TOURISM
DEPARTMENT OF
TRADE
AND INDUSTRY
DEPARTMENT
OF ENERGY
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS
STATE COLLEGES
AND UNIVERSITIES
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
AND EMPLOYMENT
DEPARTMENT
OF HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL
WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT
OF NATIONAL
DEFENSE
DEPARTMENT OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT
OF JUSTICE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTONOMOUS REGION
OF MUSLIM MINDANAO
CORDILLERA
ADMINISTRATIVE
REGION
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
UNITS
THE PHILIPPINE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE BRANCH
GENERAL GOVERNMENT SECTOR
AGRICULTURE, AGRARIAN REFORM AND ENVIRONMENT SECTOR TRADE AND INDUSTRY SECTOR
ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR EDUCATION, CULTURE AND MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT SECTOR
HEALTH AND WELFARE SECTOR DEFENSE SECTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTOR
PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY SECTOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT SECTOR
Source PA 208 by de Vera UP NCPAG
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B. SPECIAL AGENCIES/OFFICES
Metro Manila Development Authority National Anti-Poverty Commission National Youth Commission (R.A. 8044 – Youth in Nation
Building Act) Council for the Welfare of Children (R.A. 8980 – ECCD
Law – December 2000) – now with DSWD Office of Muslim Affairs (E.O. 122-A – June 30, 1987) National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (R.A. 8371 -
IPRA law – October 29, 1997) – attached to DAR National Nutrition Council (PD 491 – June 25, 1974)–
attached to DSWD, then DA, then DOH Agno River Basin Development Commission (abolished
by EO 357)
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Source PA 208 by de Vera UP NCPAG
PRESIDENT
VICE-PRESIDENT
CONSTITUTIONAL
BODIES
OTHER EXECUTIVE
OFFICES
DEPARTMENT
OF FINANCE
DEPARTMENT OF
BUDGET AND
MANAGEMENT
NATIONAL ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY
DEPARTMENT OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OFFICE OF THE PRESS SECRETARY
DEPARTMENT OF
AGRARIAN REFORM DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND
NATURAL RESOURCES
DEPARTMENT
OF TOURISM
DEPARTMENT OF
TRADE
AND INDUSTRY
DEPARTMENT
OF ENERGY
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS
STATE COLLEGES
AND UNIVERSITIES
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
AND EMPLOYMENT
DEPARTMENT
OF HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL
WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT
OF NATIONAL
DEFENSE
DEPARTMENT OF
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT
OF JUSTICE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AUTONOMOUS REGION
OF MUSLIM MINDANAO
CORDILLERA
ADMINISTRATIVE
REGION LOCAL GOVERNMENT
UNITS
THE PHILIPPINE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM EXECUTIVE BRANCH
GENERAL GOVERNMENT SECTOR
AGRICULTURE, AGRARIAN REFORM AND ENVIRONMENT SECTOR TRADE AND INDUSTRY SECTOR
ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR EDUCATION, CULTURE AND MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT SECTOR
HEALTH AND WELFARE SECTOR DEFENSE SECTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTOR
PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY SECTOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT SECTOR
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D. LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS - TERRITORIAL AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OF THE STATE
A. 1 Metropolitan Government
B. Regions- AUTONOMOUS REGION OF MUSLIM MINDANAO ( Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, Basilan, Tawi-Tawi, and the city of Marawi)
C. 1 Special Administration region
D. Provinces (80+-)
E. Cities (140)
F. Municipalities (1,494)
G. Barangays (42,027)
Number of current regions, provinces, municipalities, and cities in the Philippines as of 30 June 2012 (Wikipedia)
For the purpose of administration and development planning, the Philippines is divided into 17 administrative regions. In each regional capital, the 26 departments of the national government have their regional offices.
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The following political units have been created:
Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA);
Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM); and
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)
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Administrative Relationships If an office is under the supervision and control of
another unit, it means that the higher office:
– Has authority to act directly, whenever specific function is entrusted by law or regulation to a subordinate
– Directs the performance of a duty
– Restrains the commission of acts
– Reviews, approves, reverses or modified acts or decision of subordinate officials and units
– Determines priorities in executing plans and programs
– Prescribes standards, guidelines, plans and programs
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Administrative Supervision and Attachment Administrative
Supervision:
– Oversee the operations of such agencies to insure these are managed effectively, efficiently and economically; no interference in day to day activities
– Require submission of reports; cause the conduct of mgt audit, performance evaluation and inspection to determine rectification of violations, abuses, etc.
– Review and pass upon budget proposal of such agencies, but may not increase or add to them.
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Administrative Supervision and Attachment
(Attached agencies or corporations)
– Department represented in the board, as chair or member
– Comply with periodic reporting
– Department provides general policies thru its board representatives
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Local Government Functions Local governments have four major
categories of functions:
Efficient service delivery;
Management of the environment;
Economic development; and
Poverty alleviation.
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Workshop 1
Local Government Administration and
the Challenges of Rural Development”
Local Governance serves its big importance
for the development of a certain country as
it is considered as the basic governing
entity.
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• DSWD, DOH, DA, DENR, DPWH, DepEd, DOT, DOTC Devolved Services
• DAR, DENR, DOH, DA-NMIC, DPWH, DORC – LTFRB, HLURB, PGFC Regulatory Powers
• Management of economic enterprise
• Domestic and foreign grants Governmental and Corporate Powers
• Participation to LDG, LSB, LHB
• BOT/BT NGO-LGU Role in
Governance
• OS, staffing pattern
• Capability building Human Resource
Development
Discuss the strengths, weaknesses,
innovations, best practices of the
administrative system of the LGUs in terms
of the implementation of the following:
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Types of Accountability
Individual Accountability
Accountability
of Administrators
Political Accountability
Accountability
of National Leaders
Four Types of Accountability
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Four Types of Accountability
Individual accountability – public employees are answerable for the responsible, efficient and effective performance of their tasks.
Accountability of administrators – for their stewardship of the administrative authority, resources and information placed at their disposal as leaders of public organization.
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Political accountability – of institutions that must answer for their organizational mandate and functions, particularly as they form part of the incumbent government strategy for national development.
Accountability of national leaders – elected national leadership must answer for the performance in pursuing their programs of government and their use of national resources, given the authority, power and resources vested in them by their constituency
Four Types of Accountability
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Government Reorganization
- planned deliberate efforts to systematically alter the existing organizational structure usually for the purpose of achieving government objectives with more economy, efficiency and effectiveness
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Government Reorganization
There are 3 phases of government reorganization of law
Government
Pre planning or
Reorganization
Preparation of
Reorganization
proposals
Final Stage
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1. Pre-planning or reorganization:
1) how reorganization is initiated;
2) who is the authority vested with reorganization;
3) setting goals and tasks;
4) defining the powers to reorganize & outline the
scope;
5) setting resources
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2. Preparation of reorganization proposals:
1) constituting the reorganization body;
2) preparing the reorganization proposals;
3) recruiting support and staff;
4)creating information base for preparation of proposals
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3. Final stage
- is the passage of a law that grants the authority to implement the reorganization process
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THE BUDGET CYCLE
1. The Budget Cycle Budget Preparation
(DBCC, agencies)
2. Budget Approval Accountability (Congress)(agencies, COA)
3. Budget Process Budget Execution
(agencies)
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Budget Preparation
(DBCC, agencies)
Budget Execution (agencies)
Budget Accountability
(agencies, COA)
Budget Approval
(Congress)
Budget Process
Budget Process
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1. Budget Preparation Budgetary parameters is determined by the
Department Budget Coordination Committee (DBCC) composed of DBM, NEDA, DOF, BSP and OP
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1. Budget Preparation DBCC recommends:
– level of annual government expenditure program and ceiling for government spending for economic and social development, national defense, general government and debt service
– proper allocation of expenditures for each development activity between current operating expenditures and capital outlay
– amount set to be allocated for capital outlay under each developments activity for the various capital or infra projects. Sets budget ceiling consistent with macro-economic targets as presented in the MTPDP
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Budget Preparation After budget parameters are approved, DBM issues
the budget call (National Budget Circular), defining the budget framework. Budget hearings. Upon receipt of the budget call, agencies issue their own internal office guidelines to prepare budgetary estimates along the broad framework of the policy guidelines. Budget review and consolidation. After agency hearings, modifications and revisions of agency budget proposals may be made. DBM consolidates results of these changes and clears with the President thru DBCC. President then authorized DBM to estimate total expenditures & reconcile with revenue estimates.
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2. Budget validation & confirmation
After consolidation into a national budget, this is subjected to further evaluation/validation, by DBM thru comprehensive policy review of all agency and special purpose fund budgets, then to DBCC for examination. Approval by the President and Cabinet. The approved budget is forwarded to Congress, together with the President’s budget message and other documents, i.e. Budget of Expenditure and Sources of Financing, the National Expenditure Program, and the Regional Expenditure Program.
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3. Budget Approval: Execution & Accountability Budget approval Converting budget proposal into law – the
General Appropriations Act (GAA) Budget Execution: Allotment and cash release program based on the GAA. Agency submits to DBM its Agency Budget Matrix (ABM). DBM issues the Special Allotment Release Order (SARO) and Notice of Cash Allocation (NCA) Budget Accountability. Establishes accountability of government agencies that received public funds, thru system of monitoring agency performance vis-à-vis approved work targets.
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2.265 trillion
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The 2014 GAA is Php 2.265 trillion, 13 percent higher than the 2013 GAA. This budget embodies the Aquino administration’s thrust for inclusive development. Its markedly higher allocations for social and economic services will be invested in empowering the people and creating more economic opportunities for them. With this Budget, the Aquino administration further deepens reforms in governance, particularly in the management of public funds.
2014
2.265 trillion
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Top 10 Departments
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Inventory of Government Personnel
360,000 employed in 1960.
In 1970, the ratio of government personnel to the total population is 1:90. By 1990, the ratio stood at 1:52.
Since 1992, growth in size has been arrested due to the combined effects of a number of right-sizing initiatives which include: the 5-year effectivity of RA 7041 or the Attrition Law; agency-specific streamlining programs; changes in budgetary allotments which funded only the filled positions; and to some extent, the exit of positions in the disposed or privatized units of government.
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In the last four years, increases in number of personnel have been attributed to the population-based personnel teachers and policemen and to the local government units, the last due to devolution by the national government of certain functions and activities. Outside of those classes of personnel, the increase in national employees (NGAs) and those employed by government-owned or controlled corporations (GOCCs) has switched into a decelerating mode
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Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC) Survey (2010)
Ranking 12 key countries and territories on a scale from one to 10, with 10 as the worst possible score, the business executives in the survey rated India as having the region's most inefficient bureaucracy.
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Number of Government Personnel by Region: 2008 Region Government Personnel Philippines 1,313,538 1 66,122 NCR 506,103 2 23,258 CAR 37,819 3 104,354 CARAGA 23,186 4 100,758 ARMM 50,676 5 66,497 6 60,589 7 59,902 8 66,455 9 52,131 10 10 27,405 11 26,599 12 12 41,684
2008 Inventory of Government Personnel by CSC
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Size of the Bureaucracy: 1st Quarter of 2010
As of 1st quarter of 2010, the estimated number of government personnel reached is 1,313,770. Of this figure, 835,152 or 63.6% are employed by the different National Government Agencies (NGAs) (including State Universities and Colleges). Employees at the Local Government Units (LGUs) totaled 383,805 or 29.2%, while the personnel complement at the Government Owned and Controlled Corporations (GOCCs) totaled 94,813 or 7.2%
64%
29% 7%
No. of Government Personnel
As of 1st Quarter, 2010
NGAs LGUs
Source: http://excell.csc.gov.ph/cscweb/IGP2Q2010.pdf
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Reference:
Alfiler Ma. Concepcion P. Philippine Administrative System (PAS)., UP Open University, Diliman Quezon City
Rubico, Naty. Philippine Administrative System UP NCPAG 2010