DOWNSTREAM

(Metabolit) Introduction of Boprocess Technology

Nur Istianah

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Definition

• What is the advantage of extracellular production?

– Already outside cell

– Limited number secreted so easier to isolate

– More robust so less likely to be broken down by heat of chemicals

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The nature of the downstream processing depends on two considerations:

• Whether product is intracellular or extracellular

• How pure the final product needs to be.

Industrial enzymes can be quite crude, but medicinal enzymes must be extremely pure. The purer the enzyme, the more complex the downstream processing, and the more expensive it is.

Extracellular enzyme

Intracellular enzyme Break open cells by

grinding or ultra-sonics

Filter

Enzyme in solution

Concentrate by evaporation at low temperature and pressure or by

osmosis

Crude enzyme in solution eg protease in chemical industry

Precipitate Powdered crude enzyme eg pectinase

Chromatography Pure enzyme for medicine eg

glucose oxidase

Cell biomass (useful waste product)

Methods

Separation

Solid-liquid

centrifugation

Filtration

Clarification

Flotation

Drying

Chromatography

crystalization

Liquid-liquid

Missible Distilation

Membran sep

Immissible Centrifugation

decanting

Case study

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DISTILATION

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Distilasi

Proses pemisahan dua komponen atau lebih berdasarkan perbedaan titik didihnya atau volatilitas

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Pemisahan tepat terjadi pasa saat kondisi setimbang atau equilibrium

Feed

Distillate

Residue/ bottom

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Basic concept of distillation methods

Q

Vapor Condensor

Destillate

Residue

Simple

Q, boiler

Vapor Condensor

Destillate

Residue

Liquid

Rectification/ reflux

Reflux

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Kesetimbangan massa continuous flash distillation

Overall mass balance:

F = B + V Enthalpy balance:

F.hF = B.hB + V.hV Volatile compound mass balance:

F.xF = B.xB + V.y*

y* = -(B/V).(xB – xF) + xF

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Fractional Distillation

Fractional Distillation

• Continuous Refluxing

– Total

– Partial

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CENTRIFUGATION

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General principle

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Klasifikasi centrifuge

Kapasitas

Labratory centrifuge

Preparative centrifuge

Kegunaan

Sedimenting centrifuge

Filtering centrifuge

Ultracentrifugation

Tubular bowl Basket Disk stack Scroll decanter

Basket Pusher Baffle Inverting bag Cone screen

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Tubular bowl centrifuge

1000-15000rpm

Klasifikasi centrifuge

Labratory centrifuge

Tubular bowl centrifuge

500-2000 rpm

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Better performance than turbular flow

Preparative centrifuge

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Steve, 2007

Klasifikasi centrifuge

Sedimenting centrifuge

22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-

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Klasifikasi centrifuge

Filtering centrifuge

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centrifugal filtration

1

centrifugal settling

2

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Gas-solid cyclone separator

3

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horizontal axis scroll decanter centrifuge

4

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Peeler centrifuge

Pusher centrifuge

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Ultracentrifugation

1000-15000 rpm

Digunakan untuk pemisahan atau analisa campuran makromolekul (AUC). Ex: protein

Rpm tinggi menimbulkan panas sehingga memerlukan cooling

Filtration

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Drying

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22/11/2018 Nur Istianah-PTB Downstream process-

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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