Download the Catalog - Esco Optics

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INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................3OPTICAL MATERIALS.................................................................................................................................4

Fused Quartz/Fused Silica ............................................................................................................................4BK7 Optical Glass ........................................................................................................................................6Low Expansion Materials ..............................................................................................................................7Sapphire .....................................................................................................................................................8Properties of Optical Materials.......................................................................................................................9

COATINGS .................................................................................................................................................10Anti-reflection Coatings...............................................................................................................................10Maximum Reflecting Dielectric Coatings .......................................................................................................12Metallic Reflectors......................................................................................................................................12

OPTICAL EQUATIONS ..............................................................................................................................15BICONVEX LENSES ..................................................................................................................................16PLANO-CONVEX LENSES........................................................................................................................19ACHROMATIC LENSES ............................................................................................................................22CYLINDRICAL LENSES ............................................................................................................................24ASPHERIC LENSES ..................................................................................................................................27BESTFORM (LASER) LENSES .................................................................................................................28INDUSTRIAL LASER LENSES..................................................................................................................30OPTICAL FLATS ........................................................................................................................................31WINDOWS ..................................................................................................................................................32

Commercial Quality Flat Windows................................................................................................................32Precision Flat Windows ..............................................................................................................................34Wedge Windows ........................................................................................................................................34Brewster Angle Laser Windows ...................................................................................................................35Sapphire Windows .....................................................................................................................................35

LABORATORY SUPPLIES ........................................................................................................................37Microscope Slides ......................................................................................................................................37Cover Slips................................................................................................................................................37

MIRRORS ...................................................................................................................................................38Precision (Laser) Quality Flat Mirrors ...........................................................................................................38Commercial Quality Flat Mirrors...................................................................................................................39

FILTERS .....................................................................................................................................................41Schott Color Filter Glass .............................................................................................................................41Neutral Density Filters ................................................................................................................................42Bandpass Filters ........................................................................................................................................45

BEAMSPLITTERS......................................................................................................................................47Beamsplitter Plates ....................................................................................................................................47Beamsplitter Cubes ....................................................................................................................................48

PRISMS ......................................................................................................................................................51Right Angle Prisms.....................................................................................................................................51Equilateral Prisms ......................................................................................................................................52Laser Prisms .............................................................................................................................................52

RETARDATION PLATES ...........................................................................................................................54CONDITIONS OF SALE .............................................................................................................................56

Esco Products, Inc.HANDBOOK OF STANDARD AND CUSTOM OPTICAL COMPONENTS

TOLL FREE 1-800-922-ESCO (3726) • 973-697-3700 • FAX 973-697-3011171 Oak Ridge Road • Oak Ridge, NJ 07438 • USA

www.escoproducts.com email: [email protected] Products Inc.

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Do you often ask yourself questions like this?Many of our customers do, and that is pre-cisely why we have assembled this handbook.Esco Products manufactures one of the mostcomplete lines of standard optical elements inthe world today. We are also a leading man-ufacturer of custom optical components. Withthe huge variety of parts we build, we want toensure that our customers can easily locatethe part they need, feel comfortable that ithas the quality they require, and will receive itin a timely manner, at a price they can afford.

Our reputation precedes us. Esco is aproven manufacturing leader of fused silicaand fused quartz optics. We have the largestselection of standard optical windows in theindustry. And we carry the most completeline of off-the-shelf and custom Schott filterglasses.

It doesn’t stop there. Our opticians possessall the skills that are necessary to producehigh accuracy elements in low quantities.We also have the capacity to produce highvolume, American-made components atcompetitive prices.

We are pleased that you have looked toEsco Products as a reliable supplier of pre-cision optical components. We hope thatthis handbook demonstrates our commitmentto excellence, answers many of your ques-tions and gives you a clearer understandingof why Esco Products is an industry leader.

If you require any additional informationon optics, we have also produced a seriesof ESCO TechMemos that discuss varioussubjects related to the manufacturing andapplication of our products. Please use thetear-out card found in the back of this cata-log, or call us at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).We welcome all inquiries and manufacturingchallenges.

INTRODUCTION

• Can I use BK7, or does my application require fused silica?

• What are the consequences of using a biconvex lens instead of a plano-convex lens?

• Which type of neutral density filter best suits my application, metallic coated or solid glass?

• Do I need λ⁄10, or will λ⁄2 be precise enough?

ZERODUR® is a registered trademark of SCHOTTGLASWERKE of Mainz, Germany

PYREX® is a registered trademark of CORNINGINCORPORATED, Corning, NY


www.escoproducts.com email: [email protected]

OPTICAL MATERIALS

ESCO Products Inc.

Fused quartz and fused silicahave nearly Identical propertiesexcept that fused silica has muchbetter deep UV transmission thandoes fused quartz. The deeperUV transmission is the result ofthe elimination of most impuritiesin the synthesizing process.

Fused silica dominates themarketplace for opticalapplications at the present time.Esco’s current stock is nearly100% fused silica. Fused quartz isonly readily available In non-optical grade IR material.

STANDARD MATERIALSEsco does not manufacture opticalmaterials. We select the mostfavorable materials fromthe marketplace and utilize themfor our optics.

You can be confident that wehave chosen the best performingmost cost-effective materials forour components.In addition to the standard gradesoffered in the

handbook, our technical salesdepartment will be happy tosuggest and offer intermediategrades of materials that bestmeet the requirements of yourunique application.

OPTICALCHARACTERISTICSBubbles and Inclusions are themost common visible defectsthat are associated with opticalmaterials. Bubbles are trapped airspaces. Inclusions can be trappedparticles of refractory. Occurrencesof either is limited to larger andthicker optics.

Esco typically screens out mostinternal defects unless they areabsolutely unavoidable.

The chart to the right shows themaximum size and quantity ofinternal defects that an optic may have within the material typeand size range.

Fused Silica / QuartzBoth fused quartz and fused silicaare at least 99.7% silicon dioxide.Fused quartz is manufacturedfrom the melting and refusing ofcrushed natural crystalline quartz.Fused silica is a syntheticmaterial fused from variouschemicals in a very controlledenvironment.

Material Code Type Striae per Index VariationMIL-G-174A ∆n(x10-6)

S1-UVA Fused Silica A 6S1-UVB Fused Silica A 10A1 Fused Quartz or Fused Silica B 10G1 Fused Quartz or Fused Silica C-D 20I2-IR Fused Quartz A 4BK7 Optical Glass A 10

Bubbles & Inclusionsup to 1.0" dia. from 1.0" to 2.0" dia. from 2.0" to 3.0" dia.

ESCO Material Max. Dia. Max. Qty. Max. Dia. Max. Qty. Max. Dia. Max. Qty.(inches) per pc. (inches) per pc. (inches) per pc.

S1-UVA 0.006 0 0.008 1 0.010 1S1-UVB 0.008 1 0.015 1 0.015 1A1 0.010 1 0.015 1 0.020 2G1 0.030 3 0.040 3 0.060 3I2-IR 0.010 3 0.015 3 0.020 3BK-7 0.006 0 0.006 0 0.010 1* These specifications are worst case conditions.* Materials can be selected and guaranteed to customer’s requirements.* Bubbles less than the maximum diameter count as a fraction of the allowed limit.* Bubbles less than 0.004" are regarded as undetectable.

Homogenity refers to thevariation in the index of refractionacross the entire aperture of theoptic. Unless you have a criticalimaging or high powered laserapplication this is generally not anissue with our materials.

Striae refers to localized visiblevariations in the index of refractionshaped like thin threads. Grade Ameans none visible. Grade Bimplies almost visible. Grade Cmeans visibleto the naked eye. These defectsare selected out of Esco’s opticsunless they are unavoidable,

Fluorescence in optics is theemission of light caused by anexposure to UV light. Fusedquartz will have a strong bluefluorescence. Standard fusedsilica will not fluoresce unless

the source of UV light is intensesuch as that from an excimerlaser beam. UV laser applications require the use ofexcimer grade fused silica in orderto minimize this problem.



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OPTICAL MATERIALSUltraviolet GradesS1-UVA and S1-UVB

These extremely pure fusedsilica materials offer good trans-mittance down into the deep UV.They provide outstanding homo-geneity, making them ideal forapplications demanding superiorwavefront performance. As fusedsilica materials, they show nofluorescence or discolorationwhen exposed to radiationshorter than 290 nm. S1-UVAhas slightly better homogeneityand fewer and smaller bubblesthan S1-UVB. Unless otherwisespecified, the UV grade opticalelements found in this handbookare manufactured out of S1-UVB.

Optimum Transmission Range:

• 170 nm–2.2 µm• 2.9 µm–3.6 µm

Ideal Applications:

• Deep UV transmissionelements

• Minimum scatteringsystems

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Infrared GradeI2-IR

This fused quartz material isvirtually free of OH- ions allowingit to provide superior transmit-tance in the 2.7 µm wavelength(“water band”) region. I2-IR is ahigh quality optical grade IR fusedquartz with outstanding homo-geneity and bubble characteris-tics. A commercial quality of IRquartz is also available, howeverit often contains many smallbubbles and should only be usedfor non-imaging applications.


• 250 nm–3.6 µm

Ideal Applications:

I2-IR• Superior optical quality

IR transmission• Solar simulation optics

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Comercial Grades & Optical GradeG1 & A1In thin, small pieces, G1 fusedquartz/silica material is virtuallybubble-free. Elements built fromlarger pieces will most likely containbubbles.Your application should notbe sensitive to these inclusions. G1provides good UV and visibletransmission. In cases where simplelight gathering and strongmechanical properties are theprimary goals, G1 grade providesexcellent performance at a low price.A1 is ideal for all but the mostdemanding optical applications. Allthe materials used in this grade areguaranteed to be Grade B or better,providing excellent optical andphysical properties at a reasonableprice. A1 is an ideal material forlarger-sized optical compontents.


270 nm–2.5 µm

Ideal Applications:

• Condenser optics notconcerned with scatter or distortion

• High temperature andpressure applications

• Optical flats, microscopeslides and sight glasses

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INDICES OF REFRACTION

BK7For all standard optical glasscomponents, or when opticalglass is generically requestedfor custom elements, EscoProducts uses normal qualityBK7, a high quality optical glassthat is used whenever the addi-tional benefits of fused silica arenot required. Since BK7 performswell in all chemical tests, no spe-cial handling is required, thusreducing manufacturing costs. Itis a relatively hard material withextremely low bubble and inclu-sion content. BK7 providesexcellent transmittance through-out the visible and near infraredspectra and down to 350 nm inthe ultraviolet.


• 350 nm–2.0 µm

Ideal Applications:

• Optical imaging in thevisible spectrum

• Laser optics• Stable temperature

environments

NOTE: Esco can work withany commercially availableglass type. If there is a specificglass that is more highly suitedto your particular application,please contact Esco at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726) to discussthe design details.

OPTICAL MATERIALS

ESCO Products Inc.

Wavelength, nm BK7 Sapphire

213.86 1.53427 - -230.21 1.52005 - -239.94 1.51337 - -265.20 1.50000 - 1.83360280.35 1.49403 - 1.82427302.15 1.48719 - 1.81351334.15 1.47976 - 1.80184346.62 1.47746 - 1.79815365.02 1.47452 1.53626 1.79358404.66 1.46962 1.53024 1.78582435.84 1.46669 1.52669 1.78120546.07 1.46008 1.51872 1.77078706.52 1.45516 1.51289 1.76303852.11 1.45247 1.50981 1.75885

1013.98 1.45025 1.50731 1.755471529.52 1.44427 1.50094 1.746601970.09 1.43853 1.49500 1.738332325.42 1.43293 1.48929 1.730553243.90 1.41315 - 1.704373507.00 1.40566 - 1.695044954.00 - - 1.626655577.00 - - 1.58638

Optical Glass

Fused QuartzFused Silica

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ZERODUR® (Schott)Zerodur® is a highly homoge-neous, glass ceramic whosethermal and mechanical proper-ties are extremely stable over awide temperature range. Thisporous-free material is a care-fully chosen, temperature-treatedcombination of a glass with apositive expansion coefficientand a quartz structure crystallinephase with a negative expansioncoefficient. The resultant mixtureprovides a material with a near-zero coefficient of thermal expan-sion. Zerodur® provides out-standing homogeneity, but due toabsorption near the blue end ofthe visible spectrum, is rarelyused in refractive applications.

Optimum Transmission Ranges:

• None

Ideal Applications:

• High accuracyinterferometer mirror substrates

• Large astronomicaltelescope mirrors

• Ring-laser gyroscopeelements

• Laser resonator distancegauges

PYREX® (Corning 7740)Pyrex® is a heat-resistant, low-expansion industrial borosilicateglass. This low-cost materialprovides good transmission andexcellent thermal stability in non-critical imaging applications.

Optimum Transmission Ranges:

• 310 nm–2.6 µm

Ideal Applications:

• Non-imaging condensingsystems needing a heat resistant material

Low Expansion Materials

For more information concerning theoptical, physical and mechanical propertiesof low expansion materials, request ESCOTechMemo #One, “Optical Materials.”

PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES

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BK7 Pyrex® Zerodur® Sapphire

MaximumTemperature (Continuous, °C)

950/1000 350 230 600 2040*

Coefficient of ThermalExpansion (cm/cm • °C)

4.8 83 32.5 0.5 84

nd (index at 589.3 nm) 1.458 1.517 1.474 1.542 1.768

υd (Abbé number) 67.7 64.2 66.6 56.2 72.2

*melting point of crystalline structure

OPTICAL MATERIALS



SAPPHIRESynthetic sapphire is an an-isotropic crystalline materialcomposed of single crystalaluminum oxide (Al2O3). Escoworks with only high quality,optical grade sapphire. It isessentially 100% pure. Thevarious properties of sapphireare a function of the directionwithin the crystal with respect tothe optic axis. It has an extremelywide transmission spectrum (150nm to 6.0 µm). Its high meltingpoint, good thermal conductivityand low thermal expansionprovide excellent performancein high temperature environ-ments. The extreme hardnessof sapphire makes it difficult topolish using standard tech-niques. High optical qualityfinishes on sapphire are notalways possible. Contact Escofor more information.


• 200 nm–5.0 µm

Ideal Applications:

• With PbS, PbSe andInSb detectors.Spectral transmittancematches spectral sensitivity of detectors

• Infrared, high temper-ature, high pressure,high thermal shockenvironments

• Scratch resistantelements used in rainresistance, bar codescanning applications

OPTICAL MATERIALS

ESCO Products Inc.

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OPTICAL MATERIALS

ESCO Products Inc.

Mechanical Properties of Optical Materials

Thermal Units Fused Quartz Fused Silica BK7 Pyrex® Sapphire

Annealing Point °C 1180 1120 550 565Strain Point °C 1075 1025 624 515Maximum Temperature (Continuous) °C 1000 950 350 230 1100Maximum Temperature (Momentary) °C 1300 1200 490

0.0033 0.0033 0.0026 0.0027 0.00650.0037 0.0037Thermal Conductivity cal • cm

cm2 sec °C0.0064 0.00640.18 0.18 0.21 0.20

Specific Heat calg °C 0.25 0.25

2.7 × 10-7 2.8 × 10-7

5.9 × 10-7 5.9 × 10-7 86 × 10-7 33 × 10-7Coefficient of ThermalExpansion

cmcm °C

4.8 × 10-7 4.8 × 10-7 90.3 × 10-7

Strength/HardnessMoh Hardness 5.5–6.5 5.5–6.5 5 9Microhardness kg/cm2 9.4 × 104 9.4 × 104

Knoop Hardness (100g load) kg/mm2 605 615 520 481 1525–2000Density g/cm3 2.203 2.203Specific Gravity 2.203 2.201 2.53 2.23 3.98Compressive Strength kg/cm2 1.13 × 104 1.13 × 104 2.04 × 104

Tensile Strength kg/cm2 500 500 282 7000Torsional Strength kg/cm2 300 300 1.5 × 106

Bending Strength kg/cm2 680 680Young’s Modulus kg/cm2 7.45 × 105 7.45 × 105 8.63 × 105 7 × 106 79 × 105

Shear Modulus kg/cm2 3.2 × 105 3.2 × 105

Bulk Modulus kg/cm2 3.76 × 105 3.76 × 105

Poisson’s Ratio 0.17 0.17 0.208 0.2 0.02Electrical

250–400 250–400 480Dielectric Strength kv/cm

150–200 150–200Dielectric Constant 3.70 3.70 5.1 8.6–10.6

1 × 10-4 1 × 10-4 2.6 × 10-2

1 × 10-4 1 × 10-4Dielectric Loss Tangent4 × 10-4 4 × 10-4

1 × 1018 1 × 1018

Ω/cm 8 × 107 8 × 107 1 × 1011Resistivity1 × 106 1 × 106 1 × 106

Softening Point °C 1730 1600 715 820 2040

@ 20° C@ 200°C@ 950° C0°–100° C0°–900° C-50°–0° C0°–300° C0°–900° C

@ 20° C@ 500° C(0–1Mhz)

1 MHz

102 MHz3 × 104 MHz

@ 20° C@ 600° C@ 1000° C

All properties measured at 20° C unless otherwise specified.



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COATINGS

VV

The types of coatings that are typically usedto control the reflective characteristics ofoptical elements used in the UV, visible andNIR spectra include:

Anti-reflectiveSingle layerMultilayer, narrowbandMultilayer, broadband

ReflectiveAll-dielectric (MAX R)Metallic

Partially reflective (Beamsplitter)Filter coatings

This section discusses Anti-reflective andReflective coatings. All thin film coatingsoffered by Esco are created using vacuumdeposition techniques.

Specifications on Beamsplitter coatingscan be found on pages 47 and 49, and Filtercoatings on page 45.

Custom Coatings

It is also possible to supply other coatings ordifferent variations of the coatings describedhere. To discuss custom coating designs,please call Esco at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

Anti-reflection, or “AR” coatings are themost common type of optical coating in theworld. Applied to elements from eyeglassesand camera lenses, to components used inhigh-power laser systems, AR coatings aredesigned to minimize natural back reflec-tions that could otherwise interfere with thepreferred operation of an optical system. Tomeet the needs of a variety of users, Escoprovides a comprehensive range of ARtypes. To discuss the coating that is bestsuited to your application, please call Esco.

Reflectivity (per surface): ~1.3% for mid-visible on BK72.00% max on BK7,2.25% max on SiO2

Practical bandwidth: ~300 nmWavelength range: 200 nm to 1500 nmSubstrates: Fused Quartz/Fused Silica

(all grades)Any Optical GlassOther materials upon request

Durability: Per MIL-C-48497A

ORDER AS: MGF2PLEASE SPECIFY: Substrate material/Part number

Surface(s) to be coatedWavelength rangeAngle of incidence

Single Layer MgF2 (MGF2)The index of refraction of magnesium fluorideis nearly ideal for the task of providing mini-mum reflectance with only a single layer film.When applied at high temperatures, MgF2becomes a hard, durable coating that meetsall standard MIL requirements. It exhibitsbroadband characteristics and can be appliedon a variety of substrates for use in spectralregions from the UV to the NIR. MgF2 hasthe best performance:cost ratio of any anti-reflection coating.

Anti-reflection Coatings

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Typical MGF2 coating shown for visible spectrum



COATINGS

VV

ESCO Products Inc.

Reflectivity (per surface): <0.25% at design wavelengthPractical bandwidth: Usually 12% of the design

wavelength between 0.5% pointsWavelength range: 400 nm to 1500 nmSubstrates: Fused Quartz/Fused Silica



Variation: “V” coatings that minimizereflections at TWO wavelengthsare also possible. For moreinformation please call Esco.

ORDER AS: AR-VPLEASE SPECIFY: Substrate material/Part number

Surface(s) to be coatedDesign wavelengthAngle of incidence

Reflectivity (per surface): <1% absolute, within practicalbandwidth, <0.5% average

Practical bandwidth: ~280 nm, (420 nm–700 nm)Wavelength range: 400 nm to 1500 nmAngle of incidence: 0° ±15°Substrates: Fused Quartz/Fused Silica



ORDER AS: BBARPLEASE SPECIFY: Substrate material/Part number

Surface(s) to be coatedWavelength rangeAngle of incidence

Commonly called a “V” coating because ofits spectral shape, narrowband AR coatingsare the simplest of the multilayer coatingsand are used whenever the applicationinvolves a single wavelength. A “V” coatingusually achieves reflectivity of <0.25% atthe design wavelength.

Narrowband AR (“V”) Coating (AR-V)

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This coating provides the low reflectivity ofa “V” coating combined with the broadbandcharacteristics of a single layer coating. Thetrade-off is higher cost.

Broadband Multilayer AR Coating (BBAR)

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Typical AR-V coating shown at 632.8 nm

Typical BBAR coating shown for visible spectrum



Typically used with lasers, Max R coatingsprovide nearly complete reflection over aspecific spectral range, absorbing negligibleincident energy. These high-purity coatingsare very durable—designed to meet allstandard MIL requirements. The trade-offsfor high reflectivity (compared to metalreflectors) are: increased polarizationsensitivity and increased cost.

Maximum Reflecting Dielectric Coatings

Reflectivity: >99.5% at design wavelengthTypical bandwidth: ~20% of design wavelength at

99% pointsWavelength range: 300 nm to 3000 nmAngle of incidence: 0-45°Substrates: Fused Quartz/Fused Silica

(all grades)BK7 Optical GlassPyrex®/Zerodur®

Other materials upon requestDurability: Per MIL-C-48497A

ORDER AS: MAX R (at specified wavelength)PLEASE SPECIFY: Wavelength (narrowband)

Substrate material/Part numberSurface to be coatedDesign wavelengthAngle of incidencePolarization of incident energy

Narrowband Maximum Reflecting Coating (MAX R)

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For most mirror applications, metalliccoatings offer the best performance:costratio of any reflective coating. Many differ-ent metals can be evaporated for use asreflectors. The three most common andeffective types are listed below. In addition,several dielectric coatings are available asovercoats. These layers are used to enhancereflectivity, durability and/or longevity of theunderlying metal.

Metallic Reflectors

COATINGS

VV

ESCO Products Inc.



COATINGS

VV

ESCO Products Inc.

Aluminum-Silicon Monoxide (AL SIO)

Benefits

• General purpose Aluminum coatingfor use in the visible spectrum

• Inexpensive

Trade-offs

• Poor UV reflectance

Reflectivity: >85% average, 400 nm-800 nmWavelength range: 350 nm to 3000 nmSubstrates: Fused Quartz/Fused Silica



ORDER AS: AL SIOPLEASE SPECIFY: Substrate material/Part number

Surface to be coated

Enhanced Aluminum (AL ENH)

Benefits

• Special Aluminum coatingfor higher reflectivity in the visible spectrum.

Trade-offs

• Poor out-of-band reflectivity




ORDER AS: AL ENHPLEASE SPECIFY: Substrate material/Part number


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Aluminum-Magnesium Fluoride (AL MGF2)

Benefits

• General purpose Aluminum coatingfor use in the UV and visible spectra.

• Relatively inexpensive

Trade-offs

• Very poor durability, special care must be takenwhile handling or cleaning



Other materials upon request

ORDER AS: AL MGF2PLEASE SPECIFY: Substrate material/Part number


AluminumAl-SiO, Al-MgF2, Enhanced Aluminum

Bare aluminum provides excellent reflectivityfrom the UV to the IR. Unfortunately, it alsooxidizes rapidly and use of a dielectric over-coat is usually required to prevent degra-dation. Since no overcoat is ideal for allapplications, materials best suited to theintended application should be chosen.



Silver (AG)

Benefits

• Excellent reflectivity from the visible to the far infrared• Durable overcoat allows front surface use without risk of

silver oxidation

Trade-offs

• Cost• Poor UV reflectivity

Reflectivity: >96% average, 400 nm-1000 nm>98% absolute, 2.5 µm-12 µm

Wavelength range: 400 nm to 12 µmSubstrates: Fused Quartz/Fused Silica



ORDER AS: AGPLEASE SPECIFY: Substrate material/Part number

Surface to be coatedWavelength range

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ESCO Products Inc.

Gold (AU)

Benefits

• Excellent reflectivity from the visibleto the far infrared (best 2-12 µm)

• Low scatter surfaces

Trade-offs

• Cost• Poor UV, visible reflectivity• Poor durability. Contact Esco for details.

Reflectivity: >95% average, 650 nm-1000 nm>98% absolute, 2.5 µm-12 µm

Wavelength range: 650 nm to 12 µmSubstrates: Fused Quartz/Fused Silica


Other materials upon request

ORDER AS: AUPLEASE SPECIFY: Substrate material/Part number

Surface to be coated (cannot beused as rear surface reflector)



15

To ensure an accurate solution of these and other optical formulas,proper sign convention must be observed. The common illustrativeconvention (and the one used in this handbook) is to show light trav-eling from left to right. If this convention is used, then it follows that:

• The object distance, so, is + to a left of the lens and - to the right• The image distance, si, is + to a right of the lens and - to the left• A radius is + when its center of curvature is to the right of the

surface, and is - when its center of curvature is to the left• Lens thicknesses and indices of refraction are always positive

The transmitted, or refracted, component of a ray of light travelingfrom one optical medium to another follows a path that is describedby Snell’s Law,

where ni is the index of refraction of the incident medium, θi is theangle of incidence, nt is the index of refraction of the transmittingmedium and θt is the resulting transmission angle.

The Reflectivity, ρ of a plane wave normal to an optical material isdetermined by the material’s index of refraction, n

The percentage of light that an optical material allows to passinternally is known as its Internal Transmittance, τi.

where α is the absorption coefficient of the material and t is itsthickness. The total Transmittance, τ, is then given as

A component’s Optical Density, D, is described by the equationswhere T is the ratio of the transmitted energy to the incident energy.

To determine the Effective Focal Length, f, of a lens with a centerthickness, tc, the equation

can be used, where R1, R2 are the radii of curvature and n is the lensmaterial’s index of refraction.

If the thickness of a lens, tc, is much smaller than the effective focallength (<1:6), then, an approximation is valid.

The Back Focal Length can then be determined by using

The equation

can be used to determine the Resultant Focal Length of a lenssystem made up of multiple elements, where f1 and f2 are theeffective focal lengths of the individual lenses, d is the distancebetween them and fr is the Resultant Focal Length.

The Magnification, m of a finite conjugate system is given by

where si is the image distance and so is the object distance, bothmeasured from the lens.

The F-number of a lens, F/#, is the ratio of the focal length, f, of thelens system to the diameter, d, of its entrance pupil.

The thickness of a lens is total of the sagittal heights of each lenssurfaces plus the edge thickness. The Sagittal Height of a lenssurface, h, is given as:

where R is the radius of the surface and d is the diameter of the lens.

Sight Glass Burst Pressure, P, is given as

where M is the tensile strength of the material, t is its thickness, A isthe unsupported area and k is the safety factor (usually 10).NOTE: Too many unknown factors affect burst pressure for ESCO toguarantee the accuracy of this formula. It should be considered onlyas an approximation.

OPTICAL FORMULAS

θδ=

ni sin θi = nt sin θt

1fr

=1f1

+1f2

-d

f1 f2

m =si

so=

fso - f

=si - f

f

F #F # =fD

=1

2 NA

h = R - R2 - d 2d 22

P = 3.48 M t2

k A

ρ =n - 1n + 1

2

τi = e-αt

τ =1 - ρ 2e-αt

1 - ρ2e-2αt

1f

= (n - 1)1

R1-

1R2

+(n - 1)tcnR1R2

1f

= (n - 1)1

R1-

1R2

BFL = f 1 -n - 1 tc

nR1

D = log 1T T = 10-D



StandardBiconvex lenses are symmetrical elementswith positive focal lengths. They are designedfor 1:1 finite conjugate imaging whereaberrations such as coma, distortion andlateral chromatic exactly cancel and spher-ical aberration is at a minimum. For moreinformation concerning aberrations and otherbasic characteristics of lenses, requestESCO TechMemo #Four, “Lens Optics.”

Biconvex lenses are ideal for finiteconjugate imaging over a narrow spectralrange. For imaging parallel light (infiniteconjugate) or for collimation, plano-convexlenses should be used. For broadbandsituations where chromatic aberration wouldbe a problem, achromats should beconsidered. For improved performanceinvolving laser light, bestform lenses couldbe considered as well.

Esco manufactures biconvex lenses frommost of the optical grade materials listed inthis handbook. They are pitch polished toprovide good surface quality and excellentlow-cost imaging performance with a varietyof light sources.

BICONVEX LENSES

ESCO Products Inc.

Specifications

Focal length tolerance: ±3%Diameter tolerance: ±0.125 mmThickness tolerance: ±0.5 mmDesign wavelength: 546 nmCentration: <3'Surface quality: 60-40, scratch-digEdges: Fine ground and beveled

OPTICAL MATERIALS, pages 4–9OPTICAL COATINGS, pages 10–14

All dimensions are in mm unless otherwise specified.

f1 = f2 R1 = R2

ETCT

d•

fb

BICONVEX LENSES

S1-UV Grade Fused Silica

P/N fnom Diameter f/# CT ET EFL546 EFL250 BFL250

A1BI05005 12.7 12.7 1.0 5.3 1.5 13.7 12.6 10.7A1BI05010 25.4 12.7 2.0 3.3 1.5 26.0 23.9 22.8A1BI10010 25.4 25.4 1.0 9.0 1.5 27.1 25.1 21.7A1BI05015 38.1 12.7 3.0 2.7 1.5 38.6 35.5 34.6A1BI10015 38.1 25.4 1.5 6.3 1.5 39.3 36.1 34.0A1BI15015 38.1 38.1 1.0 13.3 2.0 40.5 37.4 32.7A1BI05020 50.8 12.7 4.0 2.4 1.5 51.2 47.1 46.3A1BI10020 50.8 25.4 2.0 5.0 1.5 51.8 47.7 45.8A1BI15020 50.8 38.1 1.3 10.1 2.0 52.6 48.5 45.0A1BI20020 50.8 50.8 1.0 17.0 2.0 53.9 49.8 43.7A1BI10030 76.2 25.4 3.0 3.8 1.5 77.0 70.8 69.4A1BI15030 76.2 38.1 2.0 7.3 2.0 77.5 71.3 68.9A1BI20030 76.2 50.8 1.5 11.5 2.0 78.2 72.1 68.1A1BI10040 101.6 25.4 4.0 3.2 1.5 102.2 94.1 92.9A1BI15040 101.6 38.1 2.7 5.9 2.0 102.6 94.5 92.5A1BI20040 101.6 50.8 2.0 9.0 2.0 103.2 95.0 91.9A1BI20060 152.4 50.8 3.0 6.6 2.0 153.6 141.3 139.1

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BICONVEX LENSES

ESCO Products Inc.

BICONVEX LENSES (Continued)

G1 Commercial Grade Fused Quartz

BK7 Optical Glass





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Custom Biconvex LensesIn addition to our standard lines of biconvexlenses, we also manufacture a variety ofcustom elements including biconcavelenses—negative focal length componentswith symmetrical concave radii of curvature.For more information on these and othercustom products or applications, pleasecontact Esco.

For information concerning themanufacturing techniques used in theproduction of optical elements, requestESCO TechMemo #Three, “Building anOptical Surface.”

Sizes:From 5.0 mm to 380.0 mm diameter

Materials:Fused Quartz/Fused Silica (all grades)Pyrex®

BK7 Optical GlassOther materials upon request

Focal Lengths:Any design greater than f/1.0 is possible.Research quantities of some custom focallengths may be available off-the-shelf.Please contact Esco for more information.

Surface Quality:Some applications may require surfacequalities better than that of commerciallyavailable products. Esco can supplybiconvex elements with surface qualitybetter than laser grade, 10-5 or surfaceaccuracies better than λ⁄10. Please inquire.

Tolerances:The dimensional tolerances shown aboveare the standard tolerances used for off-the-shelf elements. Although Esco feels thatthese tolerances are in line with the typicaluses for these parts, we can manufacturecustom products with different tolerancesupon request.

For certain OEM applications, loosertolerances may lead to a cost savings, whilemany critical applications may require muchtighter tolerances. To discuss your particularneeds, please contact Esco.

Coatings:Anti-reflection coatings that allow efficientenergy throughput are available. For moreinformation, see pages 10–11 or call Esco.

BICONVEX LENSES

ESCO Products Inc.

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19



StandardPlano-convex lenses are positive focallength elements with one spherical surfaceand one flat surface. They are designed forinfinite conjugate (parallel light) use or simpleimaging in non-critical applications.

Plano-convex lenses are ideal all-purposefocussing elements. Yet for finite conjugate

imaging with limited off-axis aberrations,biconvex lenses are often better suited. Forbroadband situations where chromaticaberrations would be a problem, or whenspherical aberrations must be reduced to aminimum, achromats should be considered.For improved performance involving laserlight, bestform lenses should be consideredas well.”

Esco manufactures plano-convex lenses frommost of the optical grade materials listed inthis handbook. They are pitch polished toprovide good surface quality and excellentlow-cost imaging performance with a varietyof light sources.

PLANO-CONVEX LENSES

ESCO Products Inc.

Specifications

Focal length tolerance: ±3%Diameter tolerance: ±0.125 mmThickness tolerance: ±0.5 mmDesign wavelength: 546 nmCentration: <3'Surface Quality: 60-40, scratch-digEdges: Fine ground and beveled



PLANO-CONVEX LENSES


R

ETCT

d•

f

fb

P/N fnom Diameter f/# CT ET EFL250 BFL250

A105010 25.4 12.7 2.0 3.3 1.5 23.9 21.7A105015 38.1 12.7 3.0 2.7 1.5 35.1 33.3A110015 38.1 25.4 1.5 6.9 1.5 35.1 30.4A105020 50.8 12.7 4.0 2.4 1.5 46.7 45.1A110020 50.8 25.4 2.0 5.3 1.5 46.7 43.2A115020 50.8 38.1 1.3 11.8 2.0 46.7 38.8A105030 76.2 12.7 6.0 2.1 1.5 70.1 68.7A110030 76.2 25.4 3.0 3.9 1.5 70.1 67.5A115030 76.2 38.1 2.0 7.6 2.0 70.1 65.0A120030 76.2 50.8 1.5 12.9 2.0 70.1 61.5A105040 101.6 12.7 8.0 1.9 1.5 93.5 92.2A110040 101.6 25.4 4.0 3.3 1.5 93.5 91.3A115040 101.6 38.1 2.7 6.1 2.0 93.5 89.4A120040 101.6 50.8 2.0 9.5 2.0 93.5 87.1A110050 127.0 25.4 5.0 2.9 1.5 116.8 114.9A115050 127.0 38.1 3.3 5.2 2.0 116.8 113.4A120050 127.0 50.8 2.5 7.8 2.0 116.8 111.6A110060 152.4 25.4 6.0 2.7 1.5 140.2 138.4A115060 152.4 38.1 4.0 4.6 2.0 140.2 137.1A120060 152.4 50.8 3.0 6.8 2.0 140.2 135.7A110070 177.8 25.4 7.0 2.5 1.5 163.6 161.9A115070 177.8 38.1 4.7 4.2 2.0 163.6 160.7A120070 177.8 50.8 3.5 6.0 2.0 163.6 159.5

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PLANO-CONVEX LENSES

ESCO Products Inc.

S1-UV Grade Fused Silica (cont.)

G1 Commercial Grade Fused Quartz


A110080 203.2 25.4 8.0 2.4 1.5 186.9 185.4A115080 203.2 38.1 5.3 4.0 2.0 186.9 184.3A120080 203.2 50.8 4.0 5.5 2.0 186.9 183.3A110100 254.0 25.4 10.0 2.2 1.5 233.7 232.2A115100 254.0 38.1 6.7 3.6 2.0 233.7 231.3A120100 254.0 50.8 5.0 4.8 2.0 233.7 230.5A110120 304.8 25.4 12.0 2.1 1.5 280.4 279.0A115120 304.8 38.1 8.0 3.3 2.0 280.4 278.2A120120 304.8 50.8 6.0 4.3 2.0 280.4 277.5


A405010 25.4 12.7 2.0 3.3 1.5 24.5 22.3A405015 38.1 12.7 3.0 2.7 1.5 35.9 34.1A410015 38.1 25.4 1.5 6.9 1.5 35.9 31.2A405020 50.8 12.7 4.0 2.4 1.5 47.9 46.2A410020 50.8 25.4 2.0 5.3 1.5 47.9 44.4A415020 50.8 38.1 1.3 11.8 2.0 47.9 39.9A405030 76.2 12.7 6.0 2.1 1.5 71.8 70.4A410030 76.2 25.4 3.0 3.9 1.5 71.8 69.2A415030 76.2 38.1 2.0 7.6 2.0 71.8 66.7A420030 76.2 50.8 1.5 12.9 2.0 71.8 63.2A405040 101.6 12.7 8.0 1.9 1.5 95.8 94.5A410040 101.6 25.4 4.0 3.3 1.5 95.8 93.6A415040 101.6 38.1 2.7 6.1 2.0 95.8 91.7A420040 101.6 50.8 2.0 9.5 2.0 95.8 89.4A410050 127.0 25.4 5.0 2.9 1.5 119.7 117.8A415050 127.0 38.1 3.3 5.2 2.0 119.7 116.2A420050 127.0 50.8 2.5 7.8 2.0 119.7 114.5A410060 152.4 25.4 6.0 2.7 1.5 143.7 141.9A415060 152.4 38.1 4.0 4.6 2.0 143.7 140.5A420060 152.4 50.8 3.0 6.8 2.0 143.7 139.1A410070 177.8 25.4 7.0 2.5 1.5 167.6 165.9A415070 177.8 38.1 4.7 4.2 2.0 167.6 164.7A420070 177.8 50.8 3.5 6.0 2.0 167.6 163.5A410080 203.2 25.4 8.0 2.4 1.5 191.5 190.0A415080 203.2 38.1 5.3 4.0 2.0 191.5 188.9A420080 203.2 50.8 4.0 5.5 2.0 191.5 187.8A410100 254.0 25.4 10.0 2.2 1.5 239.4 238.0A415100 254.0 38.1 6.7 3.6 2.0 239.4 237.0A420100 254.0 50.8 5.0 4.8 2.0 239.4 236.2A410120 304.8 25.4 12.0 2.1 1.5 287.3 285.9A415120 304.8 38.1 8.0 3.3 2.0 287.3 285.1A420120 304.8 50.8 6.0 4.3 2.0 287.3 284.4

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BK7 Optical Glass

Custom Plano-Convex LensesIn addition to our standard lines of plano-convex lenses, we also manufacture a varietyof custom elements including plano-concavelenses—negative focal length componentswith one concave surface. For more informa-tion on these and other custom products orapplications, please contact Esco at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

Sizes:From 5.0 mm to 380.0 mm diameter



Focal Lengths:Nearly any focal length is possible. Researchquantities of some focal lengths may beavailable off-the-shelf. Please contact Escofor more information.

Surface Quality:Some applications may require surfacequalities better than that of commerciallyavailable products. Esco can supply plano-convex elements with surface quality betterthan laser grade, 10-5, or surface accu-racies better than λ⁄10. Please inquire.

Tolerances:The dimensional tolerances shown aboveare the standard tolerances used for off-the-shelf elements. Although Esco feels that

these tolerances are in line with the typicaluses for these parts, we can manufacturecustom products with different tolerancesupon request.

For certain OEM applications, looser tol-erances may lead to a cost savings, whilemany critical applications may require muchtighter tolerances. To discuss your particularneeds, please contact Esco.


PLANO-CONVEX LENSES

ESCO Products Inc.


A605010 25.4 12.7 2.0 3.1 1.5 26.0 24.0A605015 38.1 12.7 3.0 2.6 1.5 38.1 36.4A610015 38.1 25.4 1.5 6.1 1.5 38.1 34.1A605020 50.8 12.7 4.0 2.3 1.5 50.8 49.3A610020 50.8 25.4 2.0 4.8 1.5 50.8 47.7A615020 50.8 38.1 1.3 10.2 2.0 50.8 44.1A605030 76.2 12.7 6.0 2.0 1.5 76.2 74.9A610030 76.2 25.4 3.0 3.6 1.5 76.2 73.8A615030 76.2 38.1 2.0 6.9 2.0 76.2 71.6A620030 76.2 50.8 1.5 11.3 2.0 76.2 68.8A605040 101.6 12.7 8.0 1.9 1.5 101.6 100.4A610040 101.6 25.4 4.0 3.1 1.5 101.6 99.6A615040 101.6 38.1 2.7 5.6 2.0 101.6 97.9A620040 101.6 50.8 2.0 8.5 2.0 101.6 96.0A610050 127.0 25.4 5.0 2.7 1.5 127.0 125.2A615050 127.0 38.1 3.3 4.8 2.0 127.0 123.8A620050 127.0 50.8 2.5 7.1 2.0 127.0 122.3A610060 152.4 25.4 6.0 2.5 1.5 152.4 150.7A615060 152.4 38.1 4.0 4.3 2.0 152.4 149.5A620060 152.4 50.8 3.0 6.2 2.0 152.4 148.3A610070 177.8 25.4 7.0 2.4 1.5 177.8 176.2A615070 177.8 38.1 4.7 4.0 2.0 177.8 175.2A620070 177.8 50.8 3.5 5.6 2.0 177.8 174.1A610080 203.2 25.4 8.0 2.3 1.5 203.2 201.7A615080 203.2 38.1 5.3 3.7 2.0 203.2 200.7A620080 203.2 50.8 4.0 5.1 2.0 203.2 199.8A610100 254.0 25.4 10.0 2.5 1.5 254.0 252.6A615100 254.0 38.1 6.7 3.4 2.0 254.0 251.8A620100 254.0 50.8 5.0 4.5 2.0 254.0 251.0A610120 304.8 25.4 12.0 2.0 1.5 304.8 303.5A615120 304.8 38.1 8.0 3.2 2.0 304.8 302.7A620120 304.8 50.8 6.0 4.1 2.0 304.8 302.1

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StandardAchromatic lenses are doublet systemsconsisting of one crown and one flintelement, cemented together along amatching curvature. They are designed tominimize spherical and chromatic aber-rations for infinite conjugate, visiblespectrum imaging applications.

These Achromats provide diffraction-limited performance over nearly their entireclear aperture. To achieve this performance,the individual lens elements are precisionground and polished to provide minimumwavefront distortion. Each surface is opti-cally centered to insure optimum alignment.

The lens design is computer optimized toinsure that chromatic and spherical aberra-tions are simultaneously minimized. Thisoptimization, combined with careful machi-ning, also limits many off-axis aberrationssuch as coma.

Esco Achromatic Lenses are suitable foruse in most high resolution imaging systemsor any application where spherical and chro-matic aberrations must be minimized. Theirperformance is superior to that of all singleelement lenses, even in monochromaticapplications.

Because achromats are asymmetricelements, they must be used in the properorientation to ensure optimum performance.A good rule of thumb is that the flattest sideshould face toward the image.

For more information concerning aberra-tions and other basic characteristics oflenses, request ESCO TechMemo #Four,“Lens Optics.”

ACHROMATIC LENSES

ESCO Products Inc.

SpecificationsFocal length tolerance: ±2% at 546 nmClear aperture: 80%Diameter tolerance: +0/-0.15 mmThickness tolerance: ±0.25 mmCentration: <3'Surface quality: 60-40, scratch-digSurface accuracy: better than 1λ over clear apertureEdges: Fine ground and beveledCoating: MGF2, Single layer MgF2


The crown and flint glasses that make upour achromats are all Grade A optical qualitymaterials. Since more than just a few glasstypes are necessary to provide a completeline of optimized designs, it is not possible

to list here the specifications of all those thatare used. If you require details about thespecific glass types used in the achromatslisted below, please contact Esco.

All standard achromatic lenses are sup-plied with MGF2 single layer MgF2 anti-reflection coatings on both outside surfaces.Total energy throughput exceeds 98% aver-age across the visible spectrum.

ACHROMATIC LENSES

P/N fnom Diameter f/# CT ET EFL588 BFL588 h588

A912025 25 12.7 2.0 5.5 4.2 25.3 22.4 2.9A912030 30 12.7 2.4 5.0 3.9 30.2 27.6 2.6A912050 50 12.7 4.0 4.5 3.8 50.9 48.8 2.1A925050 50 25.4 2.0 9.8 5.9 51.5 46.4 5.1A912075 75 12.7 6.0 5.0 4.6 76.0 73.5 2.5A925075 75 25.4 3.0 7.5 5.8 76.2 72.4 3.8A938075 75 38.1 2.0 14.1 8.8 76.8 69.6 7.2

ETCT

d

fλm

λl λm>

λs λm<

•fb

h

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Custom Achromatic LensesIn addition to our standard lines of achro-matic lenses, we are often called upon todesign and manufacture a variety of customelements including:

• negative achromats

• lenses designed for finite conjugate systems

• lenses whose designs have been opti-mized for other wavelength areas such as:

- the ultraviolet or,- the near infrared.

For more information on these and othercustom products or applications, pleasecontact Esco at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

Sizes:Over 152.4 mm diameter

Focal Lengths:Any focal length greater than about f/2.0 ispossible. Research quantities of some focal

lengths may be available off-the-shelf.Please contact Esco for more information.

Surface Quality:Some applications may require surfacequalities better than that of commerciallyavailable products. Esco can supplyelements with surface quality better thanlaser grade, 10-5 or surface accuraciesbetter than λ⁄20. To provide such precision,however, these systems often must be air-spaced rather than cemented. Pleasecontact Esco for more information.


For certain OEM applications, looser

tolerances may lead to a cost savings, whilemany critical applications may require muchtighter tolerances. To discuss your particularneeds, please contact Esco.

Coatings:Anti-reflection coatings that allow efficientenergy throughput are available. Yet becauseof the high index of the flint element, coatingsmore sophisticated than single-layer MgF2often provide only an incremental improve-ment. To discuss your particular needs,please contact Esco.

ACHROMATIC LENSES (cont.)

P/N fnom Diameter f/# CT ET EFL588 BFL588 h588

A912100 100 12.7 8.0 3.8 3.3 99.7 98.1 1.6A925100 100 25.4 4.0 7.2 5.8 100.0 96.5 3.5A938100 100 38.1 2.7 12.7 8.3 100.6 94.3 6.3A950100 100 50.8 2.0 20.5 12.5 101.4 91.1 10.3A912150 150 12.7 12.0 5.2 5.0 150.0 147.8 2.2A925150 150 25.4 6.0 6.2 5.3 150.0 147.1 2.9A938150 150 38.1 4.0 10.8 7.9 150.5 145.5 5.0A950150 150 50.8 3.0 14.3 9.1 150.8 143.7 7.1A925175 175 25.4 7.0 6.3 5.5 175.0 172.1 2.9A938175 175 38.1 4.7 10.4 7.9 175.5 170.8 4.7A950175 175 50.8 3.5 12.8 8.3 175.7 169.4 6.3A925200 200 25.4 8.0 8.1 7.2 200.1 194.7 5.4A938200 200 38.1 5.3 9.5 7.3 200.4 196.1 4.3A950200 200 50.8 4.0 11.9 8.0 200.6 194.8 5.8A925250 250 25.4 10.0 5.3 4.5 249.5 247.2 2.3A938250 250 38.1 6.7 8.8 7.1 249.9 246.1 3.8A950250 250 50.8 5.0 10.5 7.4 250.0 245.1 4.9A925500 500 25.4 20.0 6.5 6.1 499.6 496.6 3.0A938500 500 38.1 13.3 10.0 9.1 500.0 495.5 4.5A950500 500 50.8 10.0 13.0 11.9 500.4 494.7 5.7

ACHROMATIC LENSES

ESCO Products Inc.



StandardOrdinary lenses have one or more sphericalsurfaces. A curved surface on a cylindricallens, however, is shaped (as the namesuggests) like a cylinder. Instead of a focalpoint, their performance is characterized bya focal line that lies parallel to the cylindricalaxis. The lens formulas that describe thebehavior of common spherical elementsalso hold true for cylindrical lenses, but in

one dimension only. Cylindrical lenses are useful in applica-

tions areas such as optical data storageand retrieval systems for imaging lineararrays, spectroscopic instrumentation forimaging slits, and other processesinvolving scanning techniques. In addition,they are frequently used with lasers togenerate a narrow line of light that is used

for measurement or alignment.Esco manufactures a variety of standard

plano-convex cylindrical lenses. All are pitchpolished to provide good surface quality andaccuracy.

CYLINDRICAL LENSES

ESCO Products Inc.

SpecificationsFocal length tolerance: ±3%Thickness tolerance: ±0.5 mmDesign wavelength: 546 nmAxis linearity: <6'Surface quality: 60-40, scratch-digEdges: Fine ground and beveled


CYLINDRICAL LENSES


R

ETCT

d•f

fb


B110015 38.1 25.4 1.5 6.9 1.5 35.1 30.4B110020 50.8 25.4 2.0 5.3 1.5 46.7 43.2B115020 50.8 38.1 1.3 11.8 2.0 46.7 38.8B110030 76.2 25.4 3.0 3.9 1.5 70.1 67.5B115030 76.2 38.1 2.0 7.6 2.0 70.1 65.0B120030 76.2 50.8 1.5 12.9 2.0 70.1 61.5B110040 101.6 25.4 4.0 3.3 1.5 93.5 91.3B115040 101.6 38.1 2.7 6.1 2.0 93.5 89.4B120040 101.6 50.8 2.0 9.5 2.0 93.5 87.1B110060 152.4 25.4 6.0 2.7 1.5 140.2 138.4B115060 152.4 38.1 4.0 4.6 2.0 140.2 137.1B120060 152.4 50.8 3.0 6.8 2.0 140.2 135.7B110100 254.0 25.4 10.0 2.2 1.5 233.7 232.2B115100 254.0 38.1 6.7 3.6 2.0 233.7 231.3B120100 254.0 50.8 5.0 4.8 2.0 233.7 230.5

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CYLINDRICAL LENSES

ESCO Products Inc.

G1 Optical Grade Fused Quartz

BK7 Optical Glass





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All dimensions are in mm unless otherwisespecified.Custom Cylindrical LensesIn addition to our standard lines of cylindricallenses, we also manufacture a variety ofcustom elements including negative cylindricallenses and lenses made of other opticalmaterials. For more information on theseand other custom products or applications,please contact Esco at 1-800-922-ESCO(3726).

Sizes:Rectangular or round, maximum and minimumsizes vary depending on other dimensions.Please inquire.


BK7 Optical GlassOther materials upon requestFocal Lengths:Nearly any focal length is possible. Researchquantities of some focal lengths may beavailable off-the-shelf. Please contact Escofor more information.

Surface Quality:Some applications may require surfacequalities better than that of commerciallyavailable products. Esco can supply cylindricalelements with improved surface accuracy andquality. Please inquire.

Tolerances:The dimensional tolerances shown aboveare the standard tolerances used for off-the-shelf elements. Although Esco feels thatthese tolerances are in line with the typicaluses for these parts, we can manufacture

custom products with different tolerancesupon request.

For certain OEM applications, looser toler-ances may lead to a cost savings, while manycritical applications may require much tightertolerances. To discuss your particular needs,please contact Esco.


CYLINDRICAL LENSES

ESCO Products Inc.



27

StandardAn aspheric lens is a single element opticalcomponent with one aspheric convex surfaceand one plano or spherical convex surface.Characterized by f-numbers less than 1.0,aspheres provide maximum energy through-put over a limited path length. Although notdesigned for imaging applications, they areideal for use in illumination systems where itis often necessary to collect and/or focus asmuch light as possible.

Esco manufactures aspheric lenses fromhigh quality optical crown glass. They areprecision molded and felt polished to provideexcellent performance in critical condenserapplications.

ASPHERIC LENSES

Specifications

Material: Schott K5 Crown glass or equivalentnd = 1.522, υd = 59.5

Focal length tolerance: ±7%Diameter tolerance: ±0.5 mmCenter thickness

tolerance: ±0.5 mmSurface quality: 80-50, scratch-digMaximum operating

temperature: 175°C


ASPHERIC LENSES

Coatings:Anti-reflection coatings that allow efficientenergy throughput are available. Becauseof the steepness of the aspheric surface,however, multilayer coatings may not performproperly. Single layer MgF2 is recommendedfor most applications. For more information,see pages 10–11 or call Esco.

P/N fnom Diameter f/# CT

C118150 15.0 18.0 0.83 7.4C124180 18.0 24.0 0.75 10.6C134240 24.0 34.0 0.63 14.0C150355 35.5 50.0 0.71 21.1C160390 39.0 60.0 0.65 27.0

ETCT

d•

ff < d

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To insure that only minimum spherical aberra-tion is introduced by an optical element, it isnecessary to consider its shape. For eachcondition there is a preferred lens shapethat minimizes spherical aberration. In 1:1imaging applications, for example, the bestshape is a symmetric biconvex lens.

In the infinite conjugate case of focusing alaser beam to a minimum spot, the shape ofa single element lens that most effectively re-

duces spherical aberration is called bestform.The front and back radii of these lenses arechosen to be of a specific ratio. This ratio isdetermined by the proper shape factor, whichis governed by the lens material.

StandardEsco manufactures bestform lenses fromonly the highest quality optical grade mate-rials listed in this handbook. Only materials

with superior homogeneity specificationsshould be used in laser applications. Pitchpolishing provides excellent surface quality, anecessary characteristic for limiting scatter.

BESTFORM (LASER) LENSES

Specifications

Focal length tolerance: ±3%Diameter tolerance: ±0.15 mmThickness tolerance: ±0.2 mmCentration: <3'Surface quality: 20-10, scratch-digSurface accuracy: λ⁄10 or better

over 80% of clear apertureEdges: Fine ground and beveledCoating: AR-V Multilayer AR coating

at the design wavelengthavailable upon request



BESTFORM LENSES

S1-UVA Fused Silica

R1

ETCT

d

R2

f

fb •

P/N fnom Diameter λdes CT ET EFLdes BFLdesBeam

DiameterSpot

Diameter

A610510 10 5.0 325 nm 2.6 1.5 11.1 9.6 1.0 4.6 µm

A611220 20 12.7 325 nm 5.6 1.5 19.4 16.1 2.0 4.0 µm

A612510 100 25.4 325 nm 4.4 1.5 100.4 97.9 8.0 5.2 µm

A612525 250 25.4 325 nm 2.6 1.5 248.5 247.0 15.0 6.8 µm

A615011 1100 50.8 325 nm 3.1 2.0 1087.8 1086.0 45.0 9.9 µm

A650510 10 5.0 1064 nm 2.6 1.5 11.6 10.1 1.0 15.7 µm

A651220 20 12.7 1064 nm 5.6 1.5 20.1 16.8 2.0 13.5 µm

A652510 100 25.4 1064 nm 4.5 1.5 102.4 99.8 8.0 18.6 µm

A652525 250 25.4 1064 nm 2.7 1.5 248.9 247.4 15.0 23.4 µm

A655011 1100 50.8 1064 nm 3.0 2.0 1109.5 1107.8 45.0 33.4 µm

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BESTFORM (LASER) LENSES

Custom Bestform LensesIn addition to our standard lines of bestformlenses, we also manufacture a variety ofcustom designs. For more information onthese and other custom products or applica-tions, please contact Esco at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

Sizes:Over 50 mm diameter

Materials:S1-UV Fused Silica (both grades)I2-IR Fused QuartzA1 Optical Grade Fused QuartzBK7 Optical GlassOther materials upon request

Focal Lengths:Although f/#s greater than about f/1.33 arephysically possible, not a lot is gained byusing ‘fast’ bestform lenses. Since the inten-tion of this design is to minimize aberrations,focal lengths should be chosen as long aspossible to maximize the lens’ performance.For more information, please contact Esco.Research quantities of some focal lengthsmay be available off-the-shelf.

Surface Quality:Some applications may require surfacequalities better than that of commerciallyavailable products. Esco can supply bestformlenses with surface quality better than lasergrade 10-5 or surface accuracies better thanλ⁄20. Please inquire.


For certain OEM applications, loosertolerances may lead to a cost savings, whilemany critical applications may require muchtighter tolerances. To discuss your particularneeds, please contact Esco.


BK7 Optical Glass

P/N fnom Diameter λdes CT ET EFLdes BFLdesBeam

DiameterSpot

Diameter

A630510 10 5.0 633 nm 2.6 1.5 10.5 9.0 1.0 8.6 µm

A631220 20 12.7 633 nm 5.2 1.5 20.4 17.4 2.0 8.2 µm

A632510 100 25.4 633 nm 4.2 1.5 101.2 98.8 8.0 10.2 µm

A632525 250 25.4 633 nm 2.6 1.5 244.0 242.5 15.0 13.1 µm

A635011 1100 50.0 633 nm 2.9 2.0 1133.5 1131.9 45.0 20.3 µm

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StandardEsco manufactures special plano-convexlenses as replacement elements for industrialNd:YAG lasers that operate at 1.06 µm.These lenses are guaranteed to meet orexceed the performance requirements ofthe original laser equipment. They are man-ufactured from Schlieren-free fused silicaand multilayer AR coated to resist thermaldamage.

INDUSTRIAL LASER LENSES

Specifications

Material: S1-UV Grade Fused SilicaDesign wavelength: 1.06 µmFocal length tolerance: ±2%Diameter: 1.1" (27.94 mm) ±0.125 mmClear aperture: 1" (25.4 mm)Edge thickness: 1.5 mm ±0.5 mmSurface quality: 20-10, scratch-digCoating: AR-V Multilayer AR coating for

<0.25% Rper surface at 1.06 µm



Custom Industrial Laser LensesBesides our standard line of industrial laserlenses, we also manufacture custom ele-ments, designed specifically for individualapplications. To discuss your custom speci-fications or applications, please contact Escoat 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

Materials:Fused Quartz/Fused Silica (all grades)BK7 Optical GlassOther precision quality materials upon request

Focal Lengths:Nearly any focal length is possible. Researchquantities of some non-standard focal lengthsmay be available off-the-shelf. Please contactEsco for more information.

Surface Quality:Because of the high power nature of mostindustrial lasers, Esco strongly recommendsusing lenses whose surface characteristicsare conducive to scatter-free operation.


For certain OEM applications, looser tol-erances may lead to a cost savings, while

many critical applications may require muchtighter tolerances. To discuss your particularneeds, please contact Esco.

Coatings:Because of the high power nature of mostindustrial lasers, Esco strongly recommendsusing lenses with AR-V coatings to minimizethe potential for system damage due to backreflections.

INDUSTRIAL LASER LENSES

P/N fnom f/# CT

A711020 50.8 (2") 1.8 6.3A711040 101.6 (4") 3.6 3.7A711060 152.4 (6") 5.5 2.9A711080 203.2 (8") 7.3 2.6A711100 254.0 (10") 9.1 2.4A711120 304.8 (12") 10.9 2.2

ETCT

d = 1.1"•f

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Optical flats are most commonly used astest plates to evaluate the accuracy of flatoptical surfaces. Holding the precision faceof an optical flat against a test surface undermonochromatic light creates a fringe patternthat is visible through the back surface ofthe flat. This fringe pattern describes thecontour of the test surface.

Esco manufactures optical flats out of G1grade fused quartz. The low thermal expan-sion, abrasion resistance and general stabilityof this material allow continuous use with min-imum degradation over time.

Optical flats are available with either oneor two precision surfaces. The fringe patternthat is visible through an optical flat is notaffected by the accuracy of the rear surface.Some users, however, require the versatilityand extended lifetime that two precisionsurfaces offer.

OPTICAL FLATS

Specifications

Material: G1 Optical Grade Fused QuartzDiameter tolerance: ±1.0 mmThickness tolerance: ±1.0 mmParallelism: <15'Surface Quality: 60-40, scratch-digClear aperture: 90%


Larger optical flats are also available upon request

OPTICAL FLATSFlatness, One Precision Surface Flatness, Two Precision Surfaces

λ⁄20 λ⁄10 λ⁄4 λ⁄20 λ⁄10 λ⁄4Diameter Thickness (0.000001") (0.000002") (0.000005") (0.000001") (0.000002") (0.000005")25.4 (1") 12.7 (1⁄2") F101001 F101002 F101005 F201001 F201002 F20100550.8 (2") 12.7 (1⁄2") F102001 F102002 F102005 F202001 F202002 F20200576.2 (3") 15.9 (5⁄8") F103001 F103002 F103005 F203001 F203002 F203005

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WINDOWS

Specifications

Diameter tolerance: ±0.125 mmLength/Width tolerance: ±0.125 mmThickness tolerance: ±0.125 mmSurface Accuracy: ~5λ per inchSurface quality: 60-40, scratch-dig or betterParallelism: <15'Edges: Fine ground and beveled

MATERIAL: Esco manufactures commercial quality windows out of every material listed in thishandbook. To order, apply the prefixes shown below to the part numbers in the table.

PREFIXESCircular Windows Square WindowsS1-UV ..............P1 BK7 ............P9 S1-UV.........Q1 BK7 ............Q9I2-IR .................P2 G1 ..............P6 I2-IR ...........Q2 G1 ..............Q6A1.....................P3 Pyrex® ........P7 A1...............Q3 Pyrex® ........Q7

EXAMPLES1-UV window, 2" diameter, 1⁄4" thk: P1 + 20250 = P/N: P120250Pyrex® window, 4" × 4", 1⁄8" thk: Q7 + 40125 = P/N: Q740125


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Esco offers flat windows made from a widevariety of optical materials. A range ofquality and styles is available to suit nearlyevery application.

Esco Products is one of the largest American suppliers of commer-cial quality flat windows. Our standard product line is perhaps themost complete listing available. These elements are commonlyused for a variety of applications including sight glasses, instru-ment windows, beamsplitter substrates, vacuum windows, etc. Allproducts listed are available in research or large OEM quantities.For more information, please contact Esco.

Commercial Quality Flat Windows



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WINDOWS

Circular Windows

COMMERCIAL QUALITY FLAT WINDOWS

Square Windows

NOTE: To specify a Window’s material whenordering, add the appropriate Material Prefixin front of these Part Numbers. See page 32for details.

Thickness, mm (inches)Diameter 1.0 (0.04") 1.59 (1⁄16") 3.18 (1⁄8") 4.76 (3⁄16") 6.35 (1⁄4") 9.53 (3⁄8") 12.7 (1⁄2")12.7 (1⁄2") +05040 +05063 +05125 +05188 +05250 +05375 +05500

19.05 (3⁄4") +07040 +07063 +07125 +07188 +07250 +07375 +0750025.4 (1") +10040 +10063 +10125 +10188 +10250 +10375 +10500

31.75 (1 1⁄4") +12040 +12063 +12125 +12188 +12250 +12375 +12500

38.1 (1 1⁄2") +15040 +15063 +15125 +15188 +15250 +15375 +15500

44.45 (1 3⁄4") +17040 +17063 +17125 +17188 +17250 +17375 +1750050.8 (2") +20040 +20063 +20125 +20188 +20250 +20375 +20500

63.5 (2 1⁄2") +25040 +25063 +25125 +25188 +25250 +25375 +2550076.2 (3") +30040 +30063 +30125 +30188 +30250 +30375 +30500

88.9 (3 1⁄2") +35040 +35063 +35125 +35188 +35250 +35375 +35500101.6 (4") +40040 +40063 +40125 +40188 +40250 +40375 +40500127.0 (5") +50040 +50063 +50125 +50188 +50250 +50375 +50500152.4 (6") +60040 +60063 +60125 +60188 +60250 +60375 +60500

Thickness, mm (inches)Square 1.0 (0.04") 1.59 (1⁄16") 3.18 (1⁄8") 4.76 (3⁄16") 6.35 (1⁄4") 9.53 (3⁄8") 12.7 (1⁄2")25.4 (1") +10040 +10063 +10125 +10188 +10250 +10375 +10500

31.75 (1 1⁄4") +12040 +12063 +12125 +12188 +12250 +12375 +12500

38.1 (1 1⁄2") +15040 +15063 +15125 +15188 +15250 +15375 +15500

44.45 (1 3⁄4") +17040 +17063 +17125 +17188 +17250 +17375 +1750050.8 (2") +20040 +20063 +20125 +20188 +20250 +20375 +20500

63.5 (2 1⁄2") +25040 +25063 +25125 +25188 +25250 +25375 +2550076.2 (3") +30040 +30063 +30125 +30188 +30250 +30375 +30500

88.9 (3 1⁄2") +35040 +35063 +35125 +35188 +35250 +35375 +35500101.6 (4") +40040 +40063 +40125 +40188 +40250 +40375 +40500127.0 (5") +50040 +50063 +50125 +50188 +50250 +50375 +50500152.4 (6") +60040 +60063 +60125 +60188 +60250 +60375 +60500

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Precision Flat WindowsThese elements are ideal for applicationssuch as :

• Interferometer flats• Laser windows• Beamsplitter substrates• Parallel plates, etc.

WINDOWS

Specifications

Material: BK7 Optical Glass orS1-UV Fused Silica

Diameter tolerance: ±0.125 mmThickness tolerance: ±0.125 mmSurface quality: 20-10, scratch-digClear aperture: 90%Edges: Fine ground and beveled


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FLAT WINDOWS

Diameter Thickness Parallelism Flatness BK7 P/N S1-UV P/N

25.4 6.35 10' λ⁄4 E610250 E21025025.4 6.35 5" λ⁄10 E810250 E41025038.1 6.35 10' λ⁄4 E615250 E21525038.1 6.35 5" λ⁄10 E815250 E41525050.8 9.53 10' λ⁄4 E620375 E22037550.8 9.53 5" λ⁄10 E820375 E420375

Wedge WindowsThese elements are similar to the precisionflat windows described above, but have adeliberate wedge of 30' ±5'. They are idealfor applications where direct back reflec-tions would usually be a problem.

Diameter Thickness Wedge Flatness BK7 P/N S1-UV P/N

25.4 6.35 30' λ⁄4 V210250 V51025025.4 6.35 30' λ⁄10 V310250 V61025038.1 9.53 30' λ⁄4 V215375 V51537538.1 9.53 30' λ⁄10 V315375 V61537550.8 9.53 30' λ⁄4 V220375 V52037550.8 9.53 30' λ⁄10 V320375 V620375

WEDGE WINDOWS

Precision Flat and Wedge Windows

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These elements are designed for use insidelaser cavities. To perform satisfactorily, eachlaser window must be made from the high-est purity fused silica and finished to superiorquality standards.

The physical angle is within 0.5% of theactual Brewster angle for any wavelength inthe visible and near infrared spectrum.

WINDOWS

Specifications

Material: S1-UVA Schlieren-freeUV Grade Fused Silica

Diameter tolerance: ±0.125 mmThickness tolerance: ±0.125 mmSurface Accuracy: λ⁄20 over clear apertureSurface quality: 10-5, scratch-digParallelism: 1"Brewster Angle: 55° 30'Clear aperture: Central 50% of minor diameterEdges: Fine ground and beveled


BREWSTER LASER WINDOWS

Minor Axis Thickness P/N

12.0 2.0 H11200525.0 3.0 H125005

Because of its wide spectral transmissivity,extreme hardness and excellent durability,sapphire makes an ideal window materialfor many applications. Due to reduced scatterlosses and high polarization uniformity, it haseasily twice the life span of other crystalsused in high power laser applications.

Specifications

Material: Optical Grade SapphireDiameter tolerance: ±0.05 mmThickness tolerance: ±0.05 mmSurface quality: 1 micro-inch RMSSurface accuracy: ~15λ per inchClear aperture: 90%Edges: Fine ground and beveled


Thickness, mm (inches)Diameter 0.5 (0.020") 1.0 (0.040") 2.0 (0.080") 3.0 (0.125")6.35 (0.25") G102020 G102040 G102080 G1021259.53 (0.375") G103020 G103040 G103080 G10312512.7 (0.5") G105020 G105040 G105080 G10512515.88 (0.625") G106020 G106040 G106080 G10612519.05 (0.75") G107020 G107040 G107080 G10712522.23 (0.875") G108020 G108040 G108080 G10812525.4 (1") G110020 G110040 G110080 G11012528.58 (1.125") G111020 G111040 G111080 G111125

SAPPHIRE WINDOWS

θB

CA

minor axis t

d

t

Sapphire Windows

Brewster Angle Laser Window

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Custom Windows-All TypesIn addition to our standard lines of windows,we also manufacture a variety of custom ele-ments. For more information on these andother custom products or applications, pleasecontact Esco at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

Sizes:Over 24" diameter or diagonal measure.Sapphire up to 4" diameter.

Aspect Ratio:If wavefront distortion is required, it is oftennecessary to use a window whose aspectratio (diameter:thickness) is as high as pos-sible. Although all materials act differently, agood rule of thumb for λ⁄10 surface accuracyis about a 6:1 aspect ratio.

Parallelism:The specification of parallelism is not trivial.The tighter the requirement, the more costly

the window is to manufacture. If you are un-sure about your needs, please contact Escofor assistance.

Surface Quality:Some applications may require surface qual-ities better than that of commercially availableproducts. Esco can supply windows with sur-face quality better than laser grade, 10-5 orsurface accuracies better than λ⁄20. Pleaseinquire.

Materials:Esco manufactures standard and customwindows out of every material listed in thishandbook. Additional materials are availableupon request. Please contact Esco for moreinformation.

Tolerances:The dimensional tolerances shown aboveare the standard tolerances used for off-the-

shelf elements. Although Esco feels thatthese tolerances are in line with the typicaluses for these parts, we can manufacturecustom products with different tolerancesupon request.


Coatings:Esco will apply AR or beamsplitter coatingsto any window. For more information con-cerning coatings, please see pages 10–14or contact Esco.

WINDOWS



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Esco offers a special line of flat optical ele-ments for use with various laboratory tech-niques such as preparing samples for viewingunder a microscope. These parts provideoptical characteristics not found in ordinaryglass slides and cover slips. Their aboveaverage material and surface quality candramatically enhance image quality.

LABORATORY SUPPLIES

Esco provides microscope slides made froma variety of optical materials and in severaldifferent convenient sizes. This assortment,like that of our standard optical windows, isthe most comprehensive on the market.Although they possess excellent surfacequality, the aspect ratio of these elements isvery high and good surface accuracy is notachievable.

Specifications

Dimensional tolerance: ±0.125 mmThickness tolerance: ±0.125 mmSurface quality: 60-40, scratch-digClear aperture: 90%Edges: Fine ground and beveled


These ultra-thin elements are made fromhigh quality materials and provide aboveaverage optical characteristics to enhanceimage quality.

MICROSCOPE SLIDES

Size Thickness S1-UV A1 Pyrex®

25.4 × 25.4 1.0 Q310040 Q71004050.8 × 25.4 1.0 R120110 R22011076.2 × 25.4 1.0 R330110 R130110 R230110101.6 × 25.4 1.5 R340115 R140115 R240115152.4 × 25.4 2.0 R360120 R160120 R260120

Specifications

Thickness: 0.16 ±0.01 mmDimensional tolerance: ±0.125 mmSurface quality: 60-40, scratch-digClear aperture: 90%


COVER SLIPS

Diameter S1-UV A1 Pyrex®

12.0 R412000 R512000 R61200025.0 R425000 R525000 R625000

Size S1-UV A1 Pyrex®

12.0 × 12.0 R412012 R512012 R61201225.0 × 25.0 R425025 R525025 R625025

t

d d

d t

d2

d1

t

Cover Slips

Microscope Slides

Q110040R320110

Please refer to these part numbers when ordering.

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StandardEsco provides a variety of flat mirror sub-strates. Standard items are supplied frontsurface-coated with aluminum (Al) over-coated with either silicon monoxide (SiO)or magnesium fluoride (MgF2).

Al-SiO is an excellent all-purpose coatingthat provides greater than 85% averagereflectance from 350-800 nm. For broadbandultraviolet-visible applications, Al-MgF2 pro-vides greater than 85% average reflectancefrom 200–800 nm. For detailed informationconcerning the characteristics of opticalcoatings, see pages 10–14.

For higher reflectivity or in cases wherehigh laser energy requires the use of non-metallic coatings, Esco provides select off-the-shelf Laser Quality Mirrors coated withall-dielectric (MAX R) coatings for 488/514.5,532 and 633 nm. Uncoated substrates canalso be customized with a variety of MAX Rcoatings. Order as UNCOATED and add thedesired coating specifications from page 12.

MIRRORS

Precision (Laser) Quality Flat Mirrors

Specifications

Materials: Pyrex®

Surface Quality: 40-20, scratch-digDimensions: ±0.15 mmRear Surface: Fine groundEdges: Fine ground and beveled


LASER QUALITY MIRRORS

Pyrex®

Diameter Thickness SurfaceAccuracy Uncoated Al-SiO Al-MgF2

12.7 3.2 λ⁄10 D405000 D405100 D405200

25.4 6.4 λ⁄4 D310000 D310100 D31020025.4 6.4 λ⁄10 D410000 D410100 D410200

50.8 12.7 λ⁄4 D320000 D320100 D32020050.8 12.7 λ⁄10 D420000 D420100 D42020076.2 19.1 λ⁄10 D430000 D430100 D430200

101.6 25.4 λ⁄10 D440000 D440100 D440200152.4 38.1 λ⁄10 D460000 D460100 D460200

MAX R488/514.5 nm

MAX R532 nm

MAX R633 nm

D405488-0 D405532-0 D405633-012.7 3.2 λ⁄10 D405488-45 D405532-45 D405633-45

D410488-0 D410532-0 D410633-025.4 6.4 λ⁄10 D410488-45 D410532-45 D410633-45

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NOTE: The spectral performance of an all-dielectric coated mirror depends on the angleat which it is used. For your convenience,Esco provides off-the-shelf MAX R coated

mirrors at three common wavelength areas,designed for use at either 0° (normal) or 45°incidence, as indicated above by the sectionof the part number following the dash.

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Specifications

Materials: Zerodur®

Surface Quality: 20-10, scratch-digDimensions: ±0.15 mmRear Surface: Fine groundEdges: Fine ground and beveled


MIRRORS

Specifications

Material: Soda-lime Float GlassCoating: Al-SiOSurface Quality: 80-50, scratch-digDimensions: ±0.5 mmRear Surface: Commercial PolishEdges: Fine ground and beveled


Commercial Quality Flat Mirrors

Square/RectangularRound

P/N Length (L) Width (W) Thickness

D610010 25.4 25.4 6.0D610020 25.4 50.8 6.0D620030 50.8 76.2 6.0D620060 50.8 152.4 9.5D630050 76.2 127 9.5

P/N Diameter Thickness

D502500 25.0 6.0D505000 50.0 6.0D507500 75.0 6.0D510000 100.0 6.0

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ULTRA-STABLE LASER QUALITY MIRRORS

Zerodur®

Diameter Thickness SurfaceAccuracy Uncoated Al-SiO Al-MgF2

12.7 3.2 λ⁄20 D205000 D205100 D20520025.4 6.4 λ⁄20 D210000 D210100 D21020050.8 12.7 λ⁄20 D220000 D220100 D22020076.2 19.1 λ⁄20 D230000 D230100 D230200

101.6 25.4 λ⁄20 D240000 D240100 D240200152.4 38.1 λ⁄20 D260000 D260100 D260200

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Custom Mirrors-All TypesIn addition to our standard lines of mirrors,we also manufacture a variety of custom ele-ments. For more information on these andother custom products or applications, pleasecontact Esco at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

Shapes:Concave and convex spherical, ellipsoidal,flat. Square, round or custom.

Sizes:Concave, over 12" diameter. Flat, nearlyany size is possible. Please contact Escoto discuss your particular application.

Aspect Ratio:If good surface accuracy is required, it isoften necessary to use a mirror whoseaspect ratio (diameter:thickness) is as highas possible. Although all materials act differ-ently, a good rule of thumb for λ⁄10 surfaceaccuracy is about a 6:1 aspect ratio.

Surface Quality:Some applications may require surface qual-ities better than that of commercially availableproducts. Esco can supply mirrors withsurface quality better than laser grade, 10-5or surface accuracies better than λ⁄10.Please inquire.


shelf elements. Although Esco feels thatthese tolerances are in line with the typicaluses for these parts, we can manufacturecustom products with different tolerancesupon request.



Any optical glassOther materials upon request

Thermal Expansion:For thermal environments that may affectthe surface accuracy of a mirror, we suggestusing a substrate material with good thermalexpansion properties. Contact Esco todiscuss which material is best for yourapplication.

Rear Surface:For metallized front surface mirrors, such asour standard lines, an unpolished rear sur-face presents a cost savings and does notinterfere with the performance of the mirror.For dielectrically coated mirrors, however, afine ground rear surface is a source of scatterof the superfluous transmitted radiation andmay degrade the mirror or the system’s per-

formance. Back reflections from this surfacecannot only interfere with the desired wave-front, but can (in the case of high powerlasers) heat the substrate, causing deforma-tion of the reflecting surface. In these cases,Esco recommends a polished rear surfacewith an anti-reflection coating.

Coatings:Al-SiO, -MgF2Silver, GoldAll dielectric Max-ROther coatings upon request

MIRRORS



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Esco is pleased to offer Schott color filter glasses in a standardsquare 2" size. Although we stock the most common thickness foreach type, other thicknesses and sizes are available upon request.For more information concerning the transmission characteristics,properties or applications of color filter glasses, request ESCOTechMemo #Two, “Filters.” To discuss custom sizes, please contactEsco Products at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

FILTERS

Specifications

Size: 50.8 mm × 50.8 mmDimensional tolerance: ±0.25 mmSurface accuracy: <5λ per 25 mmSurface quality: 60-40, scratch-digParallelism: <10'Edges: Fine ground and beveled


SCHOTT COLOR FILTER GLASS

SchottDesignation Thickness P/N

UG 1 1.0 S284001UG 3 1.0 S284003UG 5 1.0 S284005UG 11 1.0 S284011

BG 1 1.0 S224001BG 3 1.0 S224003BG 4 1.0 S224004BG 7 1.0 S224007BG 12 1.0 S224012BG 13 1.0 S224013

BG 18 1.0 S224018BG 20 1.0 S224020BG 23 1.0 S224023BG 24A 1.0 S224024ABG 25 1.0 S224025BG 26 1.0 S224026BG 28 1.0 S224028BG 34 1.0 S224034BG 36 1.0 S224036BG 37 1.0 S224037BG 38 1.0 S224038BG 39 1.0 S224039BG 40 1.0 S224040BG 42 1.0 S224042

WG 225 1.0 S294225WG 280 1.0 S294280WG 295 1.0 S294295


WG 305 1.0 S294305WG 320 1.0 S294320

WG 345 1.0 S294345

KG 1 2.0 S254001KG 2 2.0 S254002KG 3 2.0 S254003KG 4 2.0 S254004KG 5 2.0 S254005

FG 3 1.0 S234003FG 6 1.0 S234006FG 13 2.0 S234013

GG 385 1.0 S244385GG 395 1.0 S244395GG 400 2.0 S244400GG 435 2.0 S244435GG 455 2.0 S244455GG 475 2.0 S244475GG 495 2.0 S244495GG 10 1.0 S244010

OG 515 3.0 S264515OG 530 3.0 S264530OG 550 3.0 S264550


OG 570 3.0 S264570OG 590 3.0 S264590

RG 610 3.0 S274610RG 630 3.0 S274630RG 645 3.0 S274645RG 665 3.0 S274665RG 695 3.0 S274695RG 715 3.0 S274715RG 780 3.0 S274780RG 830 3.0 S274830RG 850 3.0 S274850RG 1000 3.0 S274100RG 9 3.0 S274009

NG 1 1.0 S261001NG 3 1.0 S261003NG 4 1.0 S261004NG 5 1.0 S261005NG 9 1.0 S261009NG 10 1.0 S261010NG 11 1.0 S261011NG 12 1.0 S261012

VG 4 1.0 S281004VG 5 1.0 S281005VG 6 1.0 S281006VG 9 1.0 S281009VG 10 1.0 S281010VG 14 1.0 S281014

Color Filter Glass

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Neutral density (ND) filters are used to atten-uate incident radiation without altering itsspectral distribution. The neutral densityvalue of an ND filter is related to the trans-mittance by:

T=10-D or D=log (1/T)

If two or more filters are placed in sequence,the resultant density value is calculated fromeither the sum of the individual density valuesor the product of the transmittances. Thisholds true if no multiple reflections occurbetween elements.

ND filters are available in two types. Thefirst uses neutral density color filter glasssuch as the NG types made by Schott.

• These filters can be AR coated to preventback reflections.

• They can handle higher input energy,especially if actively cooled.

• Very accurate ND values are possible bycontrolling the thickness of the color glass.

The other type of ND filter is a glass orquartz substrate with a precision metalliccoating (Inconel) that provides uniformattenuation across a wide spectral range.Some advantages of metallic coated NDfilters include:

• Coating on quartz allows controlledattenuation in the UV.

• Coating provides attenuation with greaterlinearity over a wide spectral range.

• Can handle higher intensity light sourcesbecause part of the beam is reflectedrather than absorbed.

The film is comprised of a very hard alloymaterial that is resistant to aging under nor-mal conditions. Use at high temperaturescan cause oxidation however, and is notrecommended. Any commercial cleaningsolution can be used to clean these filters.

NOTE: Use of any of these neutral densityfilters with high power lasers or other extremelight sources can cause catastrophic failureand is not recommended.

FILTERS

Neutral Density Filters

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Custom Machined Color GlassIn addition to our standard line of Schott colorfilter glass, we also carry a range of glassesfrom other manufacturers. For more informa-tion on these as well as custom machiningof color filter glass, please contact Esco at1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

For further information concerning colorfilter glass and its applications, requestESCO TechMemo #Two, “Filters.”

Sizes:Color glass is only available in sheets up to165 mm. Maximum thickness varies withglass-type. Please contact Esco for moreinformation.

Surface Quality:Some applications may require surfacequalities better than that of commerciallyavailable products. Esco can supply colorfilter glass with surface quality better thanlaser grade, 10-5 or surface accuraciesbetter than λ⁄20. In these cases, glass typeswith excellent homogeneity should be used.For more information, please contact Esco.


For certain OEM applications, looser toler-ances may lead to a cost savings, whilemany critical applications may require muchtighter tolerances. To discuss your particularneeds, please contact Esco.



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Specifications

Size: 50.8 mm × 50.8 mmDimensional tolerance: ±0.25 mmDensity tolerance: ± 4% at 550 nmSurface accuracy: <5λ per 25 mmSurface quality: 60-40, scratch-digParallelism: <10'Edges: Fine ground and beveled

All dimensions are in mm unless otherwise specified

FILTERSNeutral Density Color Glass Filters

Neutral Density Color Glass Filters

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Specifications

Substrate materials: K5 Crown Glass and S1-UVUltraviolet Grade Fused Silica

Size: 50.8 mm × 50.8 mmThickness: 1.0 mmDensity tolerance: ±10% of density for values <0.5

and ±5% for values >0.5Dimensional tolerance: ±0.25 mmSurface accuracy: <5λ per 25 mmSurface quality: 60-40, scratch-digParallelism: <10'Edges: Fine ground and beveled

All dimensions are in mm unless otherwise specified

NominalDensity Transmission Glass Type Part

Number

0.1 79.4% NG12 S3010000.2 63.1% NG11 S3020000.3 50.1% NG11 S3030000.4 39.8% NG11 S3040000.5 31.6% NG11 S3050000.6 25.1% NG5 S3060001.0 10.0% NG5 S3100002.0 1.0% NG4 S3200003.0 0.1% NG3 S3300004.0 0.01% NG3 S340000

Set of all 10 S300000

Metallic Coated Neutral Density Filters

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Transmission (internal) measured at 550nm. For a small charge, Esco will providecurves showing the actual transmissioncharacteristics of any standard or customneutral density filter.

Neutral Density Filters: NG-1 NG-3 NG-4 NG-5 NG-9 NG-10 NG-11 NG-121.000.900.800.700.600.500.400.300.200.10

1D-110E-310E-410E-510E-6

Wavelength (nm)

Inte

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300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

NG 12

NG 11

NG 5

NG 4

NG 3

NG 9

NG 10

NG 1

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Transmission measured at 550 nm. For a small charge, Esco willprovide curves showing the actual transmission characteristics ofany standard or custom neutral density filter.

FILTERSMetallic Coated Neutral Density Filters

Custom Neutral Density FiltersIn addition to our standard lines of neutraldensity filters, we also manufacture a varietyof custom elements. For more information onthese and other custom products or applica-tions, please contact Esco at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

Sizes:Up to 165 mm for color filter glass, larger formetallic coated.NOTE: Coating thickness variations canoccur on larger substrates. This can lead tonon-linear attenuation across the face of thefilter. Please contact Esco if you are consid-ering neutral density filters larger than 50mm.



NominalDensity Transmission BK7 Fused

Quartz

0.1 79.4% S701000 S5010000.2 63.1% S702000 S5020000.3 50.1% S703000 S5030000.4 39.8% S704000 S5040000.5 31.6% S705000 S5050000.6 25.1% S706000 S5060001.0 10.0% S710000 S5100002.0 1.0% S720000 S5200003.0 0.1% S730000 S5300004.0 0.01% S740000 S540000

Set of all 10 S700000 S500000

Surface Quality:Some applications may require surfacequalities better than that of commerciallyavailable products. Esco can supply neutraldensity filters with surface quality betterthan laser grade, 10-5 or surface accuraciesbetter than λ⁄20. In these cases, materialswith excellent homogeneity should be used.For more information, please contact Esco.

Tolerances:The dimensional tolerances shown aboveare the standard tolerances used for off-the-shelf elements. Although Esco feels thatthese tolerances are in line with the typicaluses for these parts, we can manufacture

custom products with different tolerancesupon request.


Coatings:Although AR coatings cannot be used onmetallic coated ND filters, they are availablefor color filter glass models. Please seepages 10–11 for more information or contactEsco.

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100

200 300 400 500 600 700 800

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(%)

Wavelength (nm)

Typical spectral characteristics of Inconel, the metal used for both MetalCoated Neutral Density Filters and Metallic Beamsplitter Coatings

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Thin film bandpass filters are optical ele-ments that are designed to transmit a specificspectral band with high efficiency, while reject-ing, by both absorption and reflection, all un-wanted energy outside that region. The char-acteristics of the passband are controlled bymultilayer dielectric coatings. Blocking isusually achieved with a combination of colorfilter glass and specially designed metallicfilms. The bandpass and blocking elementsare laminated (epoxied) together to form asingle unit and then edge sealed to preventdegradation due to moisture.

Bandpass filters are used in any appli-cation area requiring the isolation of a narrowspectral bandwidth and a high signal-to-noiseratio. Esco supplies bandpass filters that pro-vide transmission bands from the ultravioletto the near infrared.

For further information concerningbandpass filters and how they are designed,request ESCO TechMemo #Two, “Filters.”

StandardEsco provides standard bandpass filters thatare designed for use at several commonwavelengths. All models provide out of bandblocking of better than 10-4. Two sizes areavailable: 0.5" and 1.0" diameter. Each filteris provided sealed in metal (aluminum) rings.These rings provide additional protectionagainst degradation due to water absorption,as well as a more accurate edge that canoften help in some mounting situations.

For a small charge, Esco will provideindividual curves showing the actual trans-mission characteristics of any filter.

FILTERS

Bandpass Filters

Specifications

Sizes (Clear aperture): 12.7 mm (8.1 mm) diameter25.4 mm (20.3 mm) diameter

Dimensional tolerance: +0/-0.13 mmThickness: <6.4 mmCenter wavelength 254-313 nm: ±3 nm,

tolerance: 340-1064 nm: ±2 nmBandwidth tolerance: 254-313 nm: ±2.5 nm,

340-1064 nm: ±2 nmSurface accuracy: Not applicableSurface quality: 80-50, scratch-digBlocking: Better than 10-4

from X-ray to far infraredTemperature limits: -50° C to +80°C

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NOTE: Bandpass Filters will be shipped as RING-MOUNTEDunless unmounted filters are requested at the time of the order.

RING MOUNTED



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FILTERSBANDPASS FILTERS

Wavelength(nm) Bandwidth Minimum

Transmission 12.7 mm Dia. 25.4 mm Dia.

254.0 10 17 S912540 S902540265.0 10 17 S912650 S902650280.0 10 17 S912800 S902800289.0 10 17 S912890 S902890297.0 10 17 S912970 S902970308.0 10 17 S913080 S903080313.0 10 17 S913130 S903130334.0 10 20 S913340 S903340337.1 10 20 S913371 S903371340.0 10 35 S913400 S903400350.0 10 35 S913500 S903500360.0 10 35 S913600 S903600370.0 10 35 S913700 S903700378.0 10 35 S913780 S903780380.0 10 35 S913800 S903800390.0 10 35 S913900 S903900394.0 10 35 S913940 S903940400.0 10 40 S914000 S904000405.0 10 40 S914050 S904050410.0 10 40 S914100 S904100420.0 10 40 S914200 S904200430.0 10 40 S914300 S904300435.8 10 45 S914358 S904358440.0 10 45 S914400 S904400441.6 10 45 S914416 S904416450.0 10 50 S914500 S904500457.9 10 50 S914579 S904579460.0 10 50 S914600 S904600470.0 10 50 S914700 S904700480.0 10 50 S914800 S904800488.0 10 50 S914880 S904880490.0 10 50 S914900 S904900500.0 10 50 S915000 S905000510.0 10 50 S915100 S905100514.5 10 50 S915145 S905145520.0 10 50 S915200 S905200530.0 10 50 S915300 S905300532.0 10 50 S915320 S905320540.0 10 50 S915400 S905400546.1 10 50 S915461 S905461550.0 10 50 S915500 S905500560.0 10 50 S915600 S905600570.0 10 50 S915700 S905700577.7 10 50 S915777 S905777580.0 10 50 S915800 S905800589.6 10 50 S915896 S905896590.0 10 50 S915900 S905900600.0 10 50 S916000 S906000610.0 10 50 S916100 S906100620.0 10 50 S916200 S906200630.0 10 50 S916300 S906300

Wavelength(nm) Bandwidth Minimum

Transmission 12.7 mm Dia. 25.4 mm Dia.

632.8 10 50 S916328 S906328640.0 10 50 S916400 S906400650.0 10 50 S916500 S906500656.3 10 50 S916560 S906560660.0 10 50 S916600 S906600670.0 10 50 S916700 S906700671.0 10 50 S916710 S906710680.0 10 50 S916800 S906800690.0 10 50 S916900 S906900694.3 10 50 S916943 S906943700.0 10 50 S917000 S907000710.0 10 45 S917100 S907100720.0 10 45 S917200 S907200730.0 10 45 S917300 S907300740.0 10 45 S917400 S907400750.0 10 45 S917500 S907500760.0 10 45 S917600 S907600765.0 10 45 S917650 S907650770.0 10 45 S917700 S907700780.0 10 45 S917800 S907800790.0 10 45 S917900 S907900800.0 10 45 S918000 S908000810.0 10 45 S918100 S908100820.0 10 45 S918200 S908200830.0 10 45 S918300 S908300840.0 10 45 S918400 S908400850.0 10 45 S918500 S908500852.0 10 45 S918520 S908520860.0 10 45 S918600 S908600870.0 10 45 S918700 S908700880.0 10 45 S918800 S908800890.0 10 45 S918900 S908900900.0 10 45 S919000 S909000905.0 10 45 S919050 S909050910.0 10 45 S919100 S909100920.0 10 45 S919200 S909200930.0 10 45 S919300 S909300940.0 10 45 S919400 S909400950.0 10 45 S919500 S909500960.0 10 45 S919600 S909600970.0 10 45 S919700 S909700980.0 10 45 S919800 S909800990.0 10 45 S919900 S909900

1000.0 10 45 S911000 S9010001010.0 10 45 S911010 S9010101020.0 10 45 S911020 S9010201030.0 10 45 S911030 S9010301040.0 10 45 S911040 S9010401050.0 10 45 S911050 S9010501060.0 10 45 S911060 S9010601064.0 10 45 S911064 S901064

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A beamsplitter is any optical componentthat is used to split light into, or recombinefrom, two separate beam paths. Esco pro-vides two different types of beamsplitters:plates and cubes. Each has certain advan-tages and disadvantages depending on theintended application. Please call Esco todiscuss the form that is best suited to yourapplication.

BEAMSPLITTERS

Beamsplitter PlatesFeatures:

• Compact, lighter than cubes with similar apertures• No epoxy is used, so use with higher power lasers is possible• Transmitted and reflected wavefronts easier to control• Beams travel different optical paths• R/T ratio is dependent on the state of polarization• Internal reflection from second surface produces ghost image

in reflected path• Can be built with custom wedge to divert back reflections

from beam path• Beam can be shifted angularly by controlling the wedge or,

laterally by controlling the thickness

StandardEsco manufactures general purposebeamsplitter plates for use in the visible andUV spectra. If you require elements withdifferent spectral or physical characteristics,please contact Esco.

for VisibleSubstrate material: BK7 Optical GlassCoatings

First surface: BEAMSPLITTER (All-dielectric)Angle of incidence: 45°Polarization: UnpolarizedWavelength range: 400-700 nmR/T ratio: 50/50 ±5%

Back surface: ANTI-REFLECTIONSingle layer MgF2: <1.5% R average from 400-700 nm


for UVSubstrate material: S1-UV Grade Fused SilicaCoatings

First surface: BEAMSPLITTER (Metallic)Angle of incidence: 45°Polarization: UnpolarizedWavelength range: 200-700 nmR/T ratio: 30/30 ±5% (200-400 nm)

Back surface: ANTI-REFLECTIONSingle layer MgF2: <1.5% R average from 200-400 nm

Specifications

GeneralEdge dimension tolerance: ±0.125 mmThickness tolerance: ±0.125 mmParallelism: 10'Surface quality: 60-40, scratch-digEdges: Fine ground and beveled

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Features:• Transmitted beam is neither displaced or deflected• Reflected and transmitted beams travel identical

optical path lengths• No ghost images• Less susceptible to mechanical stress than plates• R/T ratio dependent on the state of polarization• Designed for use with collimated beams• Contains cemented interface that may be susceptible

to high power• Cemented interface may introduce undesired

wavefront distortion in larger cubes

BEAMSPLITTERSBEAMSPLITTER PLATES

Size (square) Thickness SurfaceAccuracy for Visible for UV

25.4 × 25.4 1.0 3λ/25 mm 0101010 020101050.8 × 50.8 1.0 3λ/25 mm 0102020 020202025.4 × 25.4 5.0 λ⁄10 0111010 021101050.8 × 50.8 10.0 λ⁄10 0112020 0212020

Round

25.4 1.0 3λ/25 mm 0101000 020100050.8 1.0 3λ/25 mm 0102000 020200025.4 5.0 λ⁄10 0111000 021100050.8 10.0 λ⁄10 0112000 0212000

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Beamsplitter Cubes

StandardBeamsplitter cubes are constructed bycementing two right angle prisms togetherat their hypotenuses. They are suppliedwith one of the beamsplitter coatingsdescribed below applied to the hypotenuseof one of the prisms. The leg faces are un-coated, but can be AR coated upon request.Esco manufactures general purpose beam-splitter cubes for use in the visible and UVspectra. If you require elements with differentspectral or physical characteristics, pleasecontact Esco.

0

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400 500 600 700 800

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Wavelength (nm)

Tp

Tavg

Rp

TsRs

Ravg

Typical spectral characteristics of an All-Dielectric Beamsplitter Coating

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BEAMSPLITTERS

*IMPORTANT: Specify laser wavelengthwhen ordering. Call Esco for moreinformation.

L

L

L

BEAMSPLITTER CUBES

Size (mm) Flatness for Visible for UV for Laser*

15 1λ 0315015 0415015 051501520 1λ 0320020 0420020 052002015 λ⁄10 0315115 0415115 051511520 λ⁄10 0320120 0420120 052012025 1λ 0325025 0425025 052502538 1 λ 0338038 0438038 053803850 1λ 0350050 0450050 0550050

0

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400 450 500 550 600 650 700

Ref

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ance

(%)

Wavelength (nm)

Tp

Ts

Typical spectral characteristics of a Hybrid Metal-Dielectric Beamsplitter Coating

Specifications

GeneralDimensional tolerance: ±0.5 mmSurface quality: 60-40, scratch-digEdges: Fine ground and beveled

for VisiblePrism material: BK7 optical glassCoatings

Beamsplitter (Hybrid metal-dielectric)Polarization: UnpolarizedWavelength range: 400–700 nmR/T ratio: 45/45 ±5%Absorption: ~10%


for UVPrism material: S1-UV grade fused silicaCoatings

Beamsplitter (metallic)Polarization: UnpolarizedWavelength range: 200–700 nmR/T ratio: 30/30 ±5% (200-400 nm)

for LaserSubstrate material: S1-UV Grade Fused SilicaCoatings

Beamsplitter (All-dielectric)Angle of incidence: 45°Polarization: UnpolarizedWavelength range: SPECIFYR/T ratio: 45/45 ±5%

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Custom BeamsplittersIn addition to our standard beamsplitters, wealso manufacture a variety of custom ele-ments including custom plates and cubes.For more information concerning beam-splitter variations or applications, pleasecontact Esco at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

Sizes:Flat: nearly any size is possible. Size maylimit the choice of coating, however. Pleasecontact Esco to discuss your particularapplication. Cubes: up to 100.0 mm

Materials:Fused Quartz/Fused Silica (all grades)Any optical glassOther materials upon request

Surface Quality:Some applications may require surface qual-ities better than that of commercially avail-able products. Esco can supply beamsplitterswith surface quality better than laser grade,10-5 or surface accuracies better than λ⁄20.Please inquire.

Wavefront Distortion:If good wavefront distortion is required, it isnecessary to use a beamsplitter plate whoseaspect ratio (diameter:thickness) is as highas possible. Although all materials act differ-ently, a good rule of thumb for λ⁄10 surfaceaccuracy is about a 6:1 aspect ratio.

It is often difficult to achieve good wave-front distortion with large beamsplitter cubes,despite the surface accuracy of the con-stituent prisms. Many optical epoxies causestress that can adversely affect wavefront per-formance in cubes larger than about 30 mm.Please contact Esco for more information.



Coatings:Whenever specifying a custom beamsplitter,it is important to know:

• Wavelength, or wavelength range• Angle of incidence• State of polarization

Esco can provide custom beamsplittercoatings for almost any combination ofthese conditions. Three basic types ofcoatings can be used:

(1) All dielectric beamsplitter coatingsprovide good R/T characteristics withnegligible absorption. They areextremely sensitive to polarizationand angle of incidence however, andare designed for use over a narrowspectral region.

(2) Metal (Inconel) beamsplitter coatingsare not sensitive to polarization orangle of incidence. They providesteady R/T characteristics over a widespectral range but can absorb asmuch as 35% of the incident energy.

(3) Hybrid beamsplitter coatings are acombination of metal and dielectricfilms and therefore share many oftheir properties. They tend to be lessabsorptive than metal coatings andhave a wider spectral response thanan all dielectric coating. For moreinformation, please contact Esco.

Polarizing beamsplitter coatingsare narrowband coatings that sepa-rate the S and P states of the incidentlight. These coatings are extremelyangle sensitive, but highly effectivewith collimated beams.

AR coatings for the side faces ofcubes or the rear surface of plates arealways available and encouraged. Forinformation concerning availability,please see pages 10–11 or contactEsco.



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BEAMSPLITTERS



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StandardA prism is an optical element whose pur-pose is to deflect or deviate a beam of light.Literally dozens of basic prism types exist.Esco’s standard product line consists ofthree elementary shapes:

PRISMS

• Right angle prisms: Typically used to deflect beams either 90° or 180°.• Equilateral prisms: Used to spectrally disperse polychromatic light.• Laser prisms: Used to select a discrete wavelength from multi-wavelength lasers.

Right Angle Prisms

In many situations involving collimated light,prisms are superior to mirrors for deflectinglight. Prisms, because of their shape accu-racy, require less positioning than mirrors.Light is always reflected within the planeparallel to the ground face of the prism. Also,because light is reflected by total internalreflection, prisms can be used to reflect highpower laser beams that might otherwisedamage sensitive coatings.

Specifications

Commercial Laser QualityDimensional tolerance: ±0.25 mm ±0.125 mmAngle tolerance: ±10' ±30"Surface accuracy: λ⁄2 per inch λ⁄10

Surface quality: 60-40, scratch-dig 20-10, scratch-digEdges: Fine ground and beveled Fine ground and beveled


RIGHT ANGLE PRISMSCommercial Laser Quality

Size (L) BK7 S1-UV BK7 S1-UV

5.0 I405050 I105050 I405151 I105051

15.0 I415150 I115150 I415151 I115151

20.0 I420200 I120200 I420201 I120201

25.0 I425250 I125250 I425251

38.1 I438380 I138380 I438381 I138381

50.0 I450500 I150500 I450501 I150501

L = L1 = L2 = L3

L1

L2L3

45°

90°

180°

I125251

10.0 I410100 I110100 --- ---

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These elements, also called dispersionprisms, are commonly used to separatemultiple wavelengths of a polychromaticsource. The direction of the exit beam isdependent on the wavelength, the angle ofincidence and the shape of the prism. Theequilateral shape of these prisms takes fulladvantage of the dispersive properties ofthe optical materials to provide maximumseparation between wavelengths.

PRISMS

Equilateral Prisms

Specifications

Commercial Laser QualityDimensional tolerance: ±0.25 mm ±0.125 mmAngle tolerance: ±10' ±10'Surface accuracy: 1λ per inch λ⁄10

Surface quality: 60-40, scratch-dig 20-10, scratch-digEdges: Fine ground and beveled Fine ground and beveled


For visible light incident at a 60° angle ofincidence to one face of an equilateral prism,the following angular separations betweenthe h (404.7 nm) and r (706.5 nm) lines canbe realized for the materials listed below.

S1-UV 1° 5'BK7 1° 22'SF10 7° 9'

L1

L2

L3

L460°

L = L1 = L2 = L3 = L4

EQUILATERAL PRISMS

Brewster & Littrow PrismsThese prisms are used to select a particularwavelength from a multi-wavelength laser.The apex angle of a Brewster laser prism isdesigned to deviate a ray of a particularwavelength by Brewster’s angle, thus mini-mizing reflection losses when used with

linearly polarized light. Only light that travelswithin the prism parallel to the base will beperfectly transmitted. Since other wave-lengths will experience high losses, theBrewster prism can be used intracavity tosuppress their gain.

A Littrow laser prism is the result of cut-ting a Brewster prism in half. The plane ofthe cut divides the apex angle and is perpen-dicular to the base of the prism. By adding areflective coating to the new leg face, theLittrow is used like the Brewster prism, butthe output exits back toward the source.

Commercial Laser Quality

Size (L × L) BK7 SF10 S1-UV BK7 SF10 S1-UV

20 × 20 L420200 L520200 L120200 L420201 L520201 L120201

25 × 25 L425250 L525250 L125250 L425251 L525251 L125251

30 × 30 L430300 L530300 L130300 L430301 L530301 L130301

40 × 40 L440400 L540400 L140400 L440401 L540401 L140401

45 × 45 L445450 L545450 L145450 L445451 L545451 L145451

50 × 50 L450500 L550500 L150500 L450501 L550501 L150501

Laser Prisms

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PRISMS

Specifications

Material: S1-UVA, UV Grade Fused SilicaSurface accuracy: λ⁄20 over clear apertureSurface quality: 10-5, scratch-digClear aperture: Central 80% diameterDimensional tolerance: ±0.5 mmApex angle tolerance: ±5'Edges: Fine ground and beveledWidth of bevel: <0.5 mmCoatings: Uncoated, specify optional

coating on Littrow prisms


Custom PrismsIn addition to our standard lines of prisms,we are often called upon to design and man-ufacture a variety of custom elements. Formore information on custom products orapplications, please contact Esco.

Sizes:There is almost no size limitation for prismsthat we can build. There is, however, usuallya trade off between size and angularaccuracy. Please call Esco to discuss yourparticular application.

Materials:Fused Quartz/Fused Silica (all grades)Rutile (TiO2)BK7 Optical GlassOther materials upon request

Surface Quality:Some applications may require surface qual-ities better than that of commercially avail-able products. Esco can supply elementswith surface quality better than laser grade,10-5 or surface accuracies better than λ⁄20.Please contact Esco for more information.


shelf elements. Although Esco feels thesetolerances are in line with the typical usesfor these parts, we can manufacture customproducts with other tolerances upon request.


Coatings:Unless otherwise specified, all standard Escoprisms are supplied uncoated. Coatings can,however, greatly enhance a prism’s perfor-mance. To discuss your specific coatingneeds, please contact Esco.A retardation plate, or waveplate is an optical

LASER PRISMS

Type Size (L) Apex Angle Part Number

Brewster 15 68° 56' I515015Brewster 25 68° 56' I525025Littrow 15 34° 28' I615015Littrow 25 34° 28' I625025

34° 24'

V

L

Lλl λs

λl

λs+

CoatedFace

1.13 L

L

L

L

68° 56'θBθB

Each of these elements can be used to tune a variety of lasersystems efficiently. Tuning is performed by tilting the prism in thepath of the beam. The apex angle has been carefully chosen toallow maximum performance at any desired wavelength within thevisible spectrum. For assistance with these or other similar customproducts, please contact Esco at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

Littrow Prism

Brewster Prism

falco

Typewritten Text


http://www.escooptics.com/prisms/laser-prisms

falco

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falco

Typewritten Text

falco

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element that changes the polarization stateof an incident beam by causing one P -stateto lag behind the other. The phase difference,or retardation value, is not only dependent onthe thickness of the plate but on the wave-length as well. Although transparent to theentire spectrum allowed by the material, awaveplate will only perform correctly at thedesign wavelength(s). 1

RETARDATION PLATES

1⁄2 WaveplatesA 1⁄2 wave retardation plate is used toreverse the handedness of circularly polar-ized light or to produce a 180° flip of linearor elliptical light.

Ein

Eout

2θ Reverse State

1⁄4 WaveplatesA 1⁄4 waveplate will produce circularly polar-ized light when the axis is placed at 45° tothe axis of the incident linear light. Reversingthe direction of propagation will transformcircular light into linearly polarized light.

Ein

Eout

45°

LinearlyPolarized Light

CircularlyPolarized Light

Mica WaveplatesMica retarders are made from thin sheets ofmica and sealed with optical epoxy betweentwo thin plates of glass. The extraordinaryproperties of mica make it an ideal generalpurpose waveplate. Because of its inherentlyhigh absorption however, the transmittanceof these plates is roughly 70-80% and shouldbe used for low power applications only.

Crystal Quartz WaveplatesThese retardation plates are made fromSchlieren-free, natural crystal quartz.Because of the high material quality and thefact that quartz surfaces are necessarilypolished, these plates can withstand muchhigher power levels than mica plates. Toimprove their efficiency further, quartzwaveplates can be anti-reflection coated.

Crystal quartz retardation plates are avail-able as either multiple order or zero orderplates. Each has its own set of advantages.

π⁄2

Example: λ⁄4 plate

Multiple order waveplates are made from asingle piece of crystal quartz that is about1 mm thick. The phase difference of the twoorthogonal P -states passing through themis a multiple of full wave retardations plusthe designed fractional retardation. Singleelement multiple order plates permit higherinput powers than cemented or even opti-cally contacted components.

Zero order waveplates are comprised of twooptically contacted quartz plates whose opticaxes are mutually perpendicular. As lightpasses from the first plate to the second,the roles of the o- and e-waves are reversed.The result is a phase difference that is depen-dent not on the total thickness of the twoplates, but on the net difference. Becausetemperature fluctuations and non-normalincidence will affect both plates simultane-ously, their effects are also subtractive. Zeroorder plates offer the highest degree of retar-dation accuracy.

Esco’s Retardation Plates are mounted inblack anodized aluminum cells. The opticaxis is clearly marked on the face of the cell.



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SpecificationsMica Retardation Plates

Cell dimensions: 25.4 mm dia. × 10 mm thick.Clear aperture: 15 mmRetardation tolerance: <λ⁄5Wavefront distortion: <λ⁄4Parallelism: <3'

Quartz Retardation PlatesCell dimensions: 25.4 mm dia. × 10 mm thick.Clear aperture: 15 mmRetardation tolerance: <λ⁄300

Wavefront distortion: <λ⁄10

Parallelism: <1"


RETARDATION PLATES

d

t

crystal axis

CA

WAVEPLATES

Custom Retardation PlatesIn addition to our standard lines ofretardation plates, we also manufacture avariety of custom elements. For moreinformation on these and other customproducts or applications, please contactEsco at 1-800-922-ESCO (3726).

Sizes:10 mm to 75 mm diameter

Wavelengths:Since the design wavelength of a retarder isstrictly a function of its thickness, one caneasily be designed for any wavelength withinthe transmission range of the material.

In fact, all plates can be used correctly atmore than one wavelength. To check theavailability of a waveplate for use at a non-standard wavelength, or to discuss yourparticular application, please contact Esco.



Coatings:AR coatings are available for all retardationplates. See pages 10–11 for more informationor contact Esco.

Wavelength (nm) Retardation MicaMultiple Order

QuartzMultiple Order

QuartzZero Order

488.0 1⁄2 wave H314880 H414880 H514880488.0 1⁄4 wave H324880 H424880 H524880514.5 1⁄2 wave H315145 H415145 H515145514.5 1⁄4 wave H325145 H425145 H525145632.8 1⁄2 wave H316328 H416328 H516328632.8 1⁄4 wave H326328 H426328 H526328830.0 1⁄2 wave - H418300 H518300830.0 1⁄4 wave - H428300 H528300

1060.0 1⁄2 wave - H411060 H5110601060.0 1⁄4 wave - H421060 H521060

DeliveryShipping dates are approximate and are basedupon prompt receipt of all necessary information.

The Company shall not be liable for delays indelivery or failure to manufacture or deliver (1)due to causes beyond its reasonable control, or(2) due to acts of God, acts of the Purchaser,acts of civil or military authorities, priorities, fires,strikes, floods, epidemics, war, riot, delays in trans-portation or car shortages, or (3) inability due tocauses beyond its reasonable control to obtainnecessary labor, materials, components or manu-facturing facilities. In the event of any such delay,the date of delivery shall be extended for a periodequal to the time lost by reason of the delay.

In all cases, risk of loss or damage to goods intransit shall fall upon the Purchaser, whose respon-sibility it shall be to file claims with the carrier.

PaymentsEach shipment shall be considered a separateand independent transaction, and paymenttherefore shall be made accordingly. If shipmentsare delayed by the Purchaser, payments shallbecome due on the date when the Company isprepared to make shipment. If the work to beperformed hereunder is delayed by the Purchaser,payments shall be made based on the purchaseprice and the percentage of completion. Productsheld for the Purchaser shall be at the risk andexpense of the Purchaser.

If the financial condition of the Purchaser atany time does not, in the judgement of the Com-pany, justify continuance of the work to be per-formed by the Company hereunder on the termsof the payment as agreed upon, the Companymay require full or partial payment in advance orshall be entitled to cancel any order then out-standing and shall receive reimbursement for itsreasonable and proper cancellation charges, andin the event of bankruptcy or insolvency of thepurchaser or in the event any proceeding isbrought against the Purchaser, voluntary or invol-untary under the bankruptcy or any insolvencylaws, the Company shall be entitled to cancelany order then outstanding at any time during theperiod allowed for filing claims against the estateand shall receive reimbursement for its reason-able and proper cancellation charges.

Sales and Similar TaxesUnless otherwise stated herein, the Company’sprices do not include sales, use, excise or similartaxes. Consequently, in addition to the pricespecified herein, the amount of any present orfuture sales, use, excise or other similar taxapplicable to the sale or use of the equipment

hereunder shall be paid by the Purchaser, or inlieu thereof the Purchaser shall provide the Com-pany with a tax-exemption certificate acceptableto the taxing authorities.

Cancellations and ReturnsThe Purchaser may cancel his order only uponwritten notice and upon payment to the companyof the reasonable and proper cancellation charges.No returns will be accepted after 30 days from thedate of receipt of goods.

Limitation of LiabilityThe Company’s liability on any claim of any kind,including negligence, for any loss or damagearising out of, connected with, or resulting fromthis contract, or from the performance or breachthereof, or from the manufacture, sale, delivery,resale, repair or use of any product covered by orfurnished under this contract shall in no caseexceed the price allocable to the product coveredby or furnished under this contract nor exceedthe price allocable to the product or part thereofwhich gives rise to the claim. In no event shall theCompany be liable for special or consequentialdamages.

Security TitleTitle and right of possession of the products soldhereunder shall remain with the Company andsuch products shall remain personal propertyuntil all payments hereunder (including deferredpayments whether evidenced by notes or other-wise) shall have been made in full in each, andthe Purchaser agrees to do all acts necessary toperfect and maintain such right and title in theCompany.

VariationsUnless otherwise specified in writing, any variationin quantities shipped not exceeding 10% of thequantities ordered shall constitute compliance withthe order and the unit price will continue to apply.

GeneralThe Company will comply with all applicableFederal, State and local laws, and specificallyrepresents that any goods to be delivered here-under will be produced in compliance with therequirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act of1938, as amended.

An extra charge will be made for special con-tainers, but refund will be made if returned in goodcondition to the factory or other point designatedby the Company within 90 days from date oforiginal shipment, charges prepaid.

Any assignment of this order, or any rightshereunder, by the Purchaser without writtenconsent of the Company shall be void.

The provisions of any contract resulting fromthis quotation are for the benefit of the partiesthereto and not for any other person.

No waiver, alteration, or modification of any ofthe provisions hereof shall be binding unless inwriting and signed by a duly authorized represen-tative of the Company.

The product sold hereunder was not designedor manufactured for use in or with any atomicinstallation or activity. If so used, the Companydisclaims all responsibility of every kind, includingnegligence, and in addition the Purchaser shallindemnify and hold the Company harmless forany liability or damage whatsoever arising out ofthe use of the product in such a manner.

PricesThe prices in this handbook agree with correctedlist prices at the time of press, but are subject to achange without notice. All orders will be furnishedat prices in effect at the time of shipment. A mini-mum charge of $50.00 per order will be made.

Delivery TermsAll prices are F.O.B. Factory, Esco Products, Inc.,Oak Ridge, New Jersey. Shipping carrier chosenat Esco Products’ discretion unless specified onorder.

Terms of Payment — USAAll invoices are due and payable not later than30 days from date of invoice. Orders may be pre-paid by either MASTERCARD or VISA creditcards.

Terms of Payment — ForeignOrders must be pre-paid, F.O.B. Oak Ridge, NewJersey, either by wire transfer, check, MASTER-CARD or VISA, U.S. funds only. Acceptablealternative would be Irrevocable Letter of Credit,drawn on U.S. bank. For banking information,please contact Esco. A maximum of $50.00processing charge will be added to each order.All other Conditions of Sale remain the same.



56

CONDITIONS OF SALE

$

FABRICATING STANDARD AND CUSTOM OPTICAL COMPONENTS FOR OVER 40 YEARS

OPTICAL COMPONENTSStandard & Custom

• Lenses, spherical & cylindrical

• Windows, commercial & precision

• Mirrors, flat & spherical

• Filters, coated & solid glass

• Beamsplitters, plates & cubes

• Prisms, standard & custom

• Waveplates, for the UV to the IR

CUSTOM MANUFACTURINGComplete Optical Fabrication

• Cutting & Drilling

• Milling & Shaping

• Grinding & Polishing

• Measurement & Testing

• Optical Assembly

• Thin Film Coatings

• Build to MIL Specifications

OPTICAL MATERIALSfor use from the UV to the IR

• Fused Quartz & Fused Silica

• Optical Glass

• Low Expansion Materials

• Sapphire

• Color Filter Glass

• Commercial Plate Glass

• Other Materials upon request

ESCO Products, Inc.171 Oak Ridge Road • Oak Ridge, New Jersey 07438 • USA

toll free: 1-800-922-ESCO (3726) • 973-697-3700 • 973-697-3011www.escoproducts.com email: [email protected]

Copyright© 1998 by Esco Products, Incorporated. All rights reserved.

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