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The scholar-ship of discov-ery refers to the develop-ment of new knowledge and theo-ries, while the scholarship of applica-tion takes al-ready-existing theories and applies them to problems within the field to extend disciplinary knowledge. These modes of scholarship are often the center of grad-uate educa-

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SYLLABUS Learning from New Orleans: Integrated Studio and Research Methods (see 4.1.1.4.1 in cv)

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learning from new orleans ARCH 585: RESEARCH METHODS IN ARCHITECTURE ARCH 825: COMPREHENSIVE STUDIO ARCH 654: STUDIES IN URBAN AND COMMUNITY DESIGN THEORY ______________________ Fall 2010 Instructors: Harry Van Oudenallen and Arijit Sen Introduction The integrated Learning from New Orleans studio consists of a Research Methods and a studio component. In the research methods class you will learn how to analyze and make sense of information and in the studio you will apply that knowledge. Students will be introduced to research strategies that will directly inform design interventions in the studio. Hence the syllabi and D2L class sites for both courses are integrated as are the class schedules. Architectural research as taught in this course will advance evidence-based and informed implementation of design decisions and will integrate the research and design processes within a single integrated and iterative sequence. This course focuses on and distinguishes design from other forms of research and practice seen in the social sciences and the natural sciences. Design involves a humanistic understanding of social, material, cultural, political, economic and environmental circumstances of human habitation and this knowledge results in informed architectural interventions. This process will require you to look for pattern and systems that underpin the physical and social reality of what you are studying. In this case it is the Lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans. Your intervention should be able to draw from this information, and your design will be your interpretive response to the data that you gather during your study. SOTL (Scholarship of teaching and learning goals) This class follows a teaching strategy called Problem-Based-Learning (PBL) where resolving real life problems are planned into the curriculum in ways that promote higher-level cognitive learning. PBL is a teaching method that is best applied in the study of complex knowledge domains such as culture and architectural design where there is no single scientific answer or resolution. Problems based learning also allows students to apply and evaluate complex information that they encounter during research directly into their design. On completion of this class students will gain the following skills. (NAAB criteria refers to the 2004 National Architectural Accrediting Boards student performance objectives for architecture schools) 1. An ability to collect empirical data and do field work. (NAAB Criteria: collaborative skills, Critical thinking skills) 2. An awareness of ethnographic, archival, architectural, observational, and ecological data collection strategies and an

understanding of interpretive and correlational analysis. An ability to collect, analyze, synthesize and evaluate data. (NAAB Criteria: Graphic skills, writing skills; national and regional traditions, human behavior, use of precedents, human diversity, site conditions, sustainable design)

3. An ability to craft a thesis statement and produce an appropriate program of inquiry. An ability to evaluate and apply information. (NAAB Criteria: Critical thinking skills; program preparation, sustainable design, ethics)

1. The Format The central question-set. Students are asked to respond to the following questions: 1. What is social equity and social justice? What is your position on the “Rights to the City” charter?

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2. What are the various theoretical and practical approaches to social justice executed in American cities and case studies?

3. How is social justice relevant to urban case studies (New Orleans in this case). 4. How can theories of social justice be applied in studio design? How can you translate theory into practice?

2. Strategies This semester we will look at the New Orleans case study via three “systems.” These are strategies that will help us understand the situation on the ground better. These systems include a) infrastructural system, b) ecological system, c) the lived system. Students are first required to analyze and document each of these systems separately. Based on their understanding of how these systems operate and how they relate to each other, students will create a program statement that will define the focus of their subsequent project. Thus unlike other studios students will have create their own project statement. By October 10, students will have a clear idea of 1) what their project is, 2) how they approach their project, 3) and the way they will intervene.

3. Roles In addition to being designers, students will also play the role of research specialists that will allow them to focus on specific skills of information collection and knowledge domains. These roles include a) historian, b) ethnographer, c) Scribe, d) Ecologist, and e) Documenter. These roles will be further explained in class. 4. Workshops and Field Work Mark these days in your calendar. These are days when we will have special workshops and travel. September 20, 2010 MONDAY: Workshop with Nabeel Hamdi, 12:00 Noon - 5:00 PM. October 9, 2010 - October 19, 2010,: Field work trip to New Orleans 5. Required Text: Phil Steinberg and Rob Shields, What is a City: Rethinking the Urban after Hurricane Katrina, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2008). Recommended Text: Emily Talen, Design for Diversity: Exploring Socially Mixed Neighborhoods, (Architectural Press, 2008); The following books are held on reserve in the Resource Center and/or in the Library (do not buy) Ila Berman and Mona El Khafif, Urban/Build Local/Global, (California: William Stout, 2009) Eve Blau and Ivan Rupnik, Project Zagreb: Transition as Condition, Strategy, Practice, (New York: Actar D, 2007) Jeff Hou, Jeff Hou, (ed), Insurgent Public Space: Guerrilla Urbanism and The Remaking of Contemporary Cities (Kentucky: Taylor and Francis Group, 2010) Charles Waldheim, ed. The Landscape Urbanism Reader, (New York: Princeton University Press, 2006) 6. Schedule Tuesdays and Thursdays are scheduled for in class design charrettes and desk reviews. Charrettes results are due on Friday of the same week. (except the week of September 21 and October 8) Friday mornings are group workshops on research methods (except the week of September 21 and October 8) Friday afternoons are discussions and group reviews. Friday evenings are pizza and movie days (except the week of September 21 and October 8). 10. Bibliography

General Theory Henri Lefebvre, “Rights to the City.” Writings on Cities (New York: Blackwell Publishing, 1996). Margit Mayer, “Combating Social Exclusion with “Activating” Policies,” The Urban Reinventors Online Journal, Issue 3/09, 2005-2009 http://www.urbanreinventors.net/3/mayer/mayer-urbanreinventors.pdf, (accessed August, 24, 2010) http://www.urbanreinventors.net/3/wsf.pdf

New Orleans Books and Articles

All New Orleans related books are on reserve at the Golda Meir Library under New Orleans Initiative (Go to the Reserves Page) Demographic and Cultural Diversity, politics of citizenship and belonging Emily Talen, Design for Diversity: Exploring Socially Mixed Neighborhoods (UK, London:

Architectural Press, 2008)

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Emily Talen, Urban Design Reclaimed: Tools, Techniques, and Strategies for Planners (California: Amer Planning Assn, 2009)

Emily Talen, Diversity as if it Mattered, http://www.terrain.org/essays/17/talen.htm Ali Madanipour, Ali Madanipour, ed, Whose Public Space: International Case Studies in Urban

Design (Kentucky: Taylor and Francis Group, 2010) Jeff Hou, Jeff Hou, ed, Insurgent Public Space: Guerrilla Urbanism and The Remaking of

Contemporary Cities (Kentucky: Taylor and Francis Group, 2010) Nan Elin, Integral Urbanism (New York: CRC Press, 2006) Henry Jenkins, “People from that part of the world”: The Politics of Dislocation Cultural

Anthropology, Volume 21, Issue 3 (August 2006), pp 469-486 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/can.2006.21.3.469/abstract

George Lipsitz, “Learning from New Orleans: The Social Warrant of Hostile Privatism and Competitive Consumer Citizenship” Cultural Anthropology, Volume 21, Issue 3 (August 2006), pp 451-468 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/can.2006.21.3.451/abstract

Michael K. J. Fischer, “Introduction to Culture at Large Forum with George Lipsitz: Social Warrants and Rethinking American Culture” Cultural Anthropology, Volume 21, Issue 3 (August 2006), pp 447-450 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/can.2006.21.3.447/abstract

Kim Forth, “Cultural Critique in and of American Culture” Cultural Anthropology, Volume 21, Issue 3 (August 2006), pp 496-500 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/can.2006.21.3.496/abstract

Eran Ben –Joseph, The Code of the City: Standards and the Hidden Language of Place Making (MA: MIT Press, 2005)

Karen Franck and Quentin Stevens, Karen Franck and Quentin Stevens, ed, Loose Space: Possibility and Diversity in Urban Life (New York: Routledge, 2007)

Jane Jacobs, Death and Life of Great American Cities (Vintage Books, the University of Michigan, 1992)

Iain Borden, Iain Borden, Joe Kerr, Jane Rendell and Alicia Pivaro, ed, The Unknown City: Contesting Architecture and Social Space (MA: MIT Press, 2002)

Setha M Low, Plaza’s: The Politics of Public Space and Culture (Texas: University of Texas Press, 2000)

Peirce Fee Lewis, New Orleans: the Making of an Urban Landscape (Columbia College Chicago: Center for American Places, 2003)

Richard Campanella, Geographies of New Orleans: Urban Fabrics Before the Storm (Center for Louisiana Studies: University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2006)

Richard Campanella, , “Ethnic Geographies of New Orleans”, Geographies of New Orleans: Urban Fabrics Before the Storm (Center for Louisiana Studies: University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2006)

History Culture and Memory 1. Dell Upton, “The Urban Cemetery and the Urban Community: The Origin of the New Orleans

Cemetery.” in Exploring Everyday Landscapes: Perspectives in Vernacular. Architecture VII, ed. Annmarie Adams and Sally McMurry (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1997), pp.131-45.

2. Dolores Hayden, Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History (MA: MIT Press, 1997) Social Justice, Ecological and infrastructural Patterns 1. Craig E. Colten, An Unnatural Metropolis: Wresting New Orleans from Nature (Louisiana: Louisiana

State University Press, 2006) 2. Dell Upton, “The Master Street of the World: The Levee.” in Streets: Critical Perspectives on Public

Space, ed. Zeynep Celik, Diane Favro and Richard Ingersoll (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), pp. 277-88.

3. Ari Kelman, A River and Its City (CA: University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 2003) 4. Till, Karen E. In Press. “Greening the City? Artistic Re-Visions of Sustainability in Bogota” e-

misferica, 2009-2010, http://hemisphericinstitute.org/hemi/en/e-misferica-71/till (August 22, 2010). 5. All Issues, e-misférica , Hemispheric Institute of the Americas

http://hemisphericinstitute.org/hemi/en/all-issues, (August 22, 2010) 6. Gisela Canepa Koch, “The Public Sphere and Cultural Rights: Culture as Action,” Pontificia

Universidad Catolica del Peru, 2009-2010, http://hemisphericinstitute.org/hemi/en/e-misferica-62/canepa-koch, (August 22, 2010)

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7. Carol Burns and Andrea Kahn, Site Matters (New York: Routledge, 2005) 8. Georgia Daskalakis, Charles Waldheim and Jason Young, Stalking Detroit (Actar, 2001) 9. Charles Waldheim and Charles Waldheim, ed, Case: Lafayette Park Detroit (New York: Prestel, 2004) 10. Peter Shedd Reed, Groundswell: Constructing the Contemporary Landscape (New York: The Museum

of Modern Art, 2005) 11. Mohsen Mostafavi, Harvard University, Mohsen Mostafavi and Gareth Doherty, ed, Ecological

Urbanism (Lars Muller Publisher, 2010) Spatial, geographical, and architectural Patterns 1. Anita Drever, “New Orleans: a Re-emerging Latino Destination City” in Journal of Cultural

Geography, 2008, 287-303 2. Stephen Verderber, Delirious New Orleans: Manifesto for an Extraordinary American City (Austin:

University of Texas Press, 2009) 3. Richard Campanella, Time and Place in New Orleans: Past Geographies in the Present Day

(Louisiana: Pelican publishing company, 2002) 4. Richard Campanella, Marina Campanella, New Orleans Then and Now (Louisiana: Pelican publishing

company, 1999) 5. Richard Campanella, Bienville’s Dilemma: A Historical Geography of New Orleans (Center for

Louisiana Studies, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2008) 6. Richard Campanella, Geographies of New Orleans: Urban Fabrics Before the Storm (Center for

Louisiana Studies: University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2006) 7. Richard Campanella, , “Ethnic Geographies of New Orleans,” Geographies of New Orleans: Urban

Fabrics Before the Storm (Center for Louisiana Studies: University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2006) 8. Peirce Fee Lewis, New Orleans: The Making of an Urban Landscape (Urban Landscape (Columbia

college Chicago: Center for American Places, 2003) 9. Li Wei, Airriess Christopher, Chen Angela Chia-Chen, Leong Karen J, Keith Verna M, Adams Karen

L, “Surviving Katrina and its aftermath: evacuation and community mobilization by Vietnamese Americans and African Americans, Journal of Cultural Geography, October 01, 2008.

10. Dell Upton, “Grid as Design Method: The Spatial Imagination in Early New Orleans.” in Architecture –Design Methods –Inca Structures: Festschrift for Jean-Pierre Protzen, ed. Hans Dehlinger and Johanna Dehlinger (Kassel: Kassel University Press, 2009), pp. 174-81.

11. Dell Upton, “Understanding New Orleans’ Architectural Ecology,” in Rebuilding Urban Places After Disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina, ed. Eugenie L. Birch and Susan M. Wachter (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006), pp. 275-87

12. Dell Upton, “New Orleans: Domestic Social Space,” and “Philadelphia: Health, Reform, Control.” Contributions to Mark P.Leone and Neil Asher Silberman, in Invisible America: Unearthing Our Hidden History (New York: Henry Holt, 1995), pp. 136-49.

13. Ila Berman and Mona El Khafif, Urban/Build Local/Global, (California: William Stout, 009) 14. Eve Blau and Ivan Rupnik, Project Zagreb: Transition as Condition, Strategy, Practice, (New York:

Actar D, 2007) 15. Clyde Woods, ed, “In the Wake of Katrina: New Paradigms and Social Visions,” American Quarterly,

Volume 61, Number 3 (September 2009) http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_quarterly/toc/aq.61.3.html

16. Rebeca Antoine, Voices Rising: Stories from the Katrina Narrative Project, (New Orleans: The University of New Orleans Press, 2008)

17. Peter Marcuse, “From Critical Urban Theory to the Right to the City,” City 13 (June 2009), p. 185 - 197

18. All Articles, City 13 (June 2009) 19. “Cities and Diversity: Should We Want It? Can We Plan For It?” In Urban Affairs Review 41

(September 2005), p. 3-19 Websites

1. http://www.urbanreinventors.net/ 2. http://www.urbanreinventors.net/3/wsf.pdf Culture and Social Justice

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3. http://www.rochester.edu/in_visible_culture/ 4. http://www.newleftreview.org/?view=2740 Charters and City Pages 5. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/social-transformations/urban-

development/urban-policies/ 6. http://w3.bcn.es/dretscivils/0,4022,259064949_760112595_3,00.html 7. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/social-transformations/urban-

development/urban-policies/ 8. http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=3036,3377687&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL 9. http://righttothecity.eu/ 10. http://chaire-urbademo.com/welcome/index.php 11. http://www.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=584 12. http://forum.unhabitat.org/ 13. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0017/001780/178090e.pdf 14. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001461/146179M.pdf

11. Weekly Reading and Schedule

Week 1-7 Theory and Application Student will complete short week-long projects examining in details some aspects of the design and rebuilding process. These are cumulative projects that build on each other. ________________________________________________________________________Week 1 Dates: September 2, 3 (ThF): Some Readings on Social Justice Required readings to be completed by Friday Dell Upton, “Understanding New Orleans’ Architectural Ecology,” in Rebuilding Urban Places After Disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina, ed. Eugenie L. Birch and Susan M. Wachter (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006), 275-87 Phil Steinberg, “What is a City? Katrina’s Answers,” In What is a City: Rethinking the Urban after Hurricane Katrina, editors, Phil Steinberg and Rob Shields. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2008), 3-29. David Harvey, “The Rights of the City,” New Left Review 53 (September-October 2008), 23-40. www.newleftreview.org/?getpdf=NLR28702&pdflang=en ________________________________________________________________________Week 2: (Site Analysis 1) Mapping Physical Fabric Dates: September 7, 9, 10 Required readings to be completed by Friday Phil Steinberg and Rob Shields, “Part 5 Divisions and Connections.” What is a City: Rethinking the Urban after Hurricane Katrina, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2008). p. 155-185 Roger Trancik, “Three Theories of Urban Spatial Design.” In Finding Lost Space: Theories of Urban Design pp. 97-124, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1986. Emily Talen, “Chapter 5: Patterns,” Design for Diversity: Exploring Socially Mixed Neighborhoods, (Architectural Press, 2008), Friday Movie: Do the Right Thing ________________________________________________________________________Week 3: (Site Analysis 2) Mapping Infrastructure Systems Dates: September 14, 16, 17 Required readings to be completed by Friday Linda Pollak, “Constructed Ground: Questions of Scale,” In The Landscape Urbanism Reader, ed. Charles Waldheim, (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2006), p. 126-139. Phil Steinberg and Rob Shields, “Part 3 Mobilities.” What is a City: Rethinking the Urban after Hurricane Katrina, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2008). p. 95-123 Emily Talen, “Chapter 8: Connections,” Design for Diversity: Exploring Socially Mixed Neighborhoods, (Architectural Press, 2008); Friday Movie: When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts

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________________________________________________________________________Week 4: (Site Analysis 3) Mapping Lived Systems Dates: 21, 23, 24 (Note attendance for Nabeel Hamdi lecture and workshop on Monday 20th is a requirement) [Additional reading for Nabeel Hamdi Workshop: Nabeel Hamdi, “Chapter 2: A Tale of Two Paradigms,” Housing Without Houses, (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991), p. 11-37 Required readings to be completed by Friday Emily Talen,”Chapter 7: Mix,” Design for Diversity: Exploring Socially Mixed Neighborhoods, (Architectural Press, 2008); Phil Steinberg and Rob Shields, “Part 4 Memories.” What is a City: Rethinking the Urban after Hurricane Katrina, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2008), p. 125-153James Rojas, “The Enacted Environment: Examining the streets and Yards of East Los Angeles,” Everyday America: Cultural Landscape Studies after J.B. Jackson, Chris Wilson and Paul Groth (editors), (Berkeley and London: Univ. of California Press, 2003). p. 275-92. Friday Movie: Creating community: Lafayette Park ________________________________________________________________________Week 5, Mapping Ecological Systems Sept 28, 30, Oct 1 Required readings to be completed by Friday Peter Marcuse, “Study Areas, Sites, and the Geographic Approach to Public Action,” Site Matters, ed. Carol Burns and Andrea Kahn, (New York: Routledge, 2005), p. 249-280 Pierce F. Lewis, “Chapter 1: The Eccentric City” New Orleans: The Making of an Urban Landscape (Columbia College Chicago: Center for American Places, 2003) Phil Steinberg and Rob Shields, “Part 2: Materialities,” What is a City: Rethinking the Urban after Hurricane Katrina, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2008), p. 57-94 Ari Kelman, “Nature’s Highway to Market,” A River and Its City (CA: University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 2003), p. 1-18 Friday Movie: Children of Men ________________________________________________________________________Week 6, Preparation Week Dates: 5, 7, 8 October [All day Symposium on Friday. Attendance is required. No exceptions.] Required readings to be completed by Friday Joseph Sciorra, “‘We Go Where the Italians Live’: Religious Processions as Ethnic and Territorial Markers in a Multi-Ethnic Brooklyn Neighborhood,” in The Gods of the City: Religion and the Contemporary American Urban Landscape, ed. Robert A. Orsi, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999), 310-340. Till, Karen E. In Press. “Greening the City? Artistic Re-Visions of Sustainability in Bogota” e-misferica, 2009-2010, http://hemisphericinstitute.org/hemi/en/e-misferica-71/till (August 22, 2010). Setha M. Low, "Constructing Difference" in On the Plaza, (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000), p. 154-179 Nabeel Hamdi, “Chapter 7: A Tale of Two Paradigms,” Housing Without Houses, (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991), p. 11-37 Friday Movie: Be Kind Rewind ________________________________________________________________________ Week 7, NEW ORLEANS FIELD WORK October 9-18, 2010 On Site ethnography, community charrette, measurements and drafting, and design charrette Read before you go: Phil Steinberg and Rob Shields, “New Orleans’ Culture of Resistance” What is a City: Rethinking the Urban after Hurricane Katrina, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2008). p.30-55 While at New Orleans you are required to work on your projects during the day. You are also required to sign a field school protocol before leaving.

Week 8 - 13 Synthesis, Evaluation and Intervention Students will reevaluate their ideas and proposals and propose concrete and realistic solutions

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________________________________________________________________________Week 8, (Making Reports) Thick Descriptions and Orders Dates: 19, 21, 22 Required readings to be completed by Friday: Karen Franck, Quentin Stevens, “Tying Down Loose Space” Loose Space: Possibility and Diversity in Urban Life, (New York: Routledge, 2007), p. 1-34 Iain Borden and Jane Rendell, "Thick Edge: Architectural Boundaries in the Postmodern Metropolis," InterSections, New York: Routledge, 2000, pp. 221-46. Emily Talen, Diversity as if it mattered, terrain.org, http://www.terrain.org/essays/17/talen.htm Nabeel Hamdi, “Chapter 8: Building A Program,” Housing Without Houses, (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991), p. 11-37

Friday Movie: Cities for People, Density by Design, ________________________________________________________________________ Week 9: Case Studies and Precedents Dates: October 26, 28, 29 Required readings to be completed by Friday: Christopher Alexander, The Oregon Experiment, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975). N John Habraken, Supports: an Alternative to Mass Housing, ed. Jonathan Teicher,(London: Urban International Press, 1999). Renee Chow, Ch 4 “Seeing Suburban Dwelling as a Fabric,” Suburban Space: The Fabric of Dwelling. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002) Nabeel Hamdi, “Chapter 4: Flexibility and Building,” Housing Without Houses, (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991), p. 11-37 Friday Movie: TBA ________________________________________________________________________

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WORKSHOPS AND ASSIGNMENTS

Learning from New Orleans

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Assignment 1: Rights to the City Response Paper and Library search on Social Justice Assignment will be introduced in class on Thursday and reviewed on Friday 3rd.

1. Divide into groups of five. Each group will produce a detailed position paper on social justice and urban development. 2. Familiarize yourself with the “rights to the city” idea and the various charters that relate to this concept. This idea, initially developed by Henri Lefebvre, has been adopted by various national, city, and regional bodies. What is your position on this idea? 3. What are the drawbacks? Are there areas of social equity that this idea ignores? Are there contradictions within this idea? 4. How is this idea useful in the context of New Orleans? Clearly articulate your response to this question. 5. Produce an annotated bibliography. The bibliography should have scholarly articles on social justice and the city social justice and New Orleans Rights to the city charters 6. 2 other manifestos and charters that look at urban social equity from different points of views. 7. What to turn in: The report should have an introduction, a discussion that examines the relationship between social and environmental justice, urban form, urban development, and the culture of cities. You should enumerate your position on this issue, clearly documenting what that means in the way you see any development happen in New Orleans. Cite relevant scholarly and popular sources to situate your position within a larger discourse on the topic. Attach an annotated bibliography. The citation format should follow the Chicago Humanities Style. The Chicago Style details are available here: http://libweb.uoregon.edu/guides/citing/chicago.html

Assignment 2: Variations on a Figure-Ground 1. Divide into groups of five. Each group will produce one figure-ground drawing of the Lower Ninth Ward. The

figure ground should have only built and unbuilt spaces. Any streets, sidewalks and other details need to be done in a different layer or shown as overlays.

a. Identify a series of information (minimum 6 sets) other than built and unbuilt patterns that can be correlated with the figure-ground drawings. Please refer to the Trancek and Talen readings for ideas.

2. Correlate the two drawings to produce at least six narratives about place. 3. Suggest how your place-narratives provide potentials for actions and interventions that may promote social justice

and equity. Please refer to Assignment 1 in order to be consistent with your definition of social justice and environmental equity.

4. What to turn in: Minimum six figure-ground correlational maps and a narrative describing your place narrative. 5. Cite relevant scholarly and popular sources to situate your position within a larger discourse on the topic. Attach an

annotated bibliography. The citation format should follow the Chicago Humanities Style. The Chicago Style details are available here: http://libweb.uoregon.edu/guides/citing/chicago.html

Assignment 3: What is Mobility? Individual Project

1. Make sure you read this week’s readings. Based on the definitions offered by Talen, Bartling and Tiessen explain what ideologies of mobility mean. What is your position on it? (1 page)

2. Map various forms of flows and mobilities that define New Orleans’ Lower Ninth Ward. You need at least 5 different overlays.

Group Project 1. Go to Google Earth and use the time slider to go to any point in time BEFORE Katrina. Identify a 4-block

square area where you may find multiple forms of mobilities come together. You are asked to make a model of the site to show the various flows as layers. Refer to the class discussion to think of various forms of time ranging from geological to daily time before you consider the term mobility. This means that you will have to model the topography as well as daily human paths, infrastructure and ecologies. The base layer should be brown corrugated cardboard. Use other materials for subsequent layers.

2. Then, using black museum board as material, suggest an intervention that accentuates, transforms, or redefines the site. Please be sure that you know how your intervention advances the notion of social justice defined by your group.

Resources Ila Berman and Mona El Khafif, Urban/Build Local/Global, (California: William Stout, 009) Eve Blau and Ivan Rupnik, Project Zagreb: Transition as Condition, Strategy, Practice, (New York: Actar D, 2007) Peter Reed, Groundswell, (New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2005) Liat Margolis and Alexander Robinson, Living Systems, Berlin: Birkhäuser Architecture, 2007) http://www.michaelashkin.com/cities.php?p=1.1.1.2 http://www.clui.org/lotl/v31/index.html http://www.clui.org/lotl/v29/k.html

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DESIGN CHARRETTES

INFILL September 7, 2010 Charrette 1: Weekly charrettes are not about producing final and perfect design solutions. It is about suggesting what deCerteau and Blau call strategies. When you consider your response make sure you are not being very specific about a singular response but you are aware of the qualities of the site that are generative, iterative, and changeable. In order to think of a sustainable strategy you will need to understand the DNA of the site. By that term, I mean, the essential and basic structural qualities of a site and situation. You don’t know much about the people and their lives in this neighborhood. Secondary research can help you a bit. But be aware of the drawbacks and frame your response in ways that acknowledge the partial knowledge that you have. (That means your project will not assume cultural and everyday practices. And if you do, then you will bracket that information with a citation). You DO know much about the physical form of the land. You can see google maps and other forms of maps. You can see pre-Katrina building layouts on maps. You have the various cadastral and building surveys mentioned in the first week readings. So carefully examine the maps. Remember the “site” that is given to you is a general area of intervention. Since you are beginning at the urban scale you are expected to shift, modify, and locate your strategy in an urban territory that fits best. Finally, remember you are examining what INFILL condition means. Not overlap condition, not edge condition, not boundary condition, not in-between condition, not node condition. Think about this before you proceed. What you need to have for Friday:

1. A long term development strategy that shows how your infill intervention will produce, transform or facilitate future development.

2. A clear diagram of what you understand as the existing DNA of the site and how your infill interventions will change it.

3. A diagrammatic description of the design strategy and how it relates to the site and its unique conditions 4. A clear articulation of how your strategy encourages social justice and environmental equity.

thickedge September 14, 2010 Finally, remember you are examining what a thick edge condition means. If you are not sure, please read the article by Iain Borden. It is online. What you need to have for Friday:

1. What is a “thick edge” in the Lower Ninth Ward? Clearly articulate it first on paper. 2. A long term development strategy that shows how your “thick edge” intervention will produce, transform or

facilitate future development. 3. A clear diagram of what you understand as the existing DNA of the site and how your “thick edge”

interventions will change it. 4. A diagrammatic description of the design strategy and how it relates to the site and its unique conditions 5. A clear articulation of how your strategy encourages social justice and environmental equity.

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inbetween September 17, 2010 Due Friday September 24, 2010 Charrette 3:

1. Identify the best and most representative site and explain why the site displays the condition of in-between-ness. Using [analytic diagrams] explain the various conditions of in-between-ness.

2. Parts: Deconstruct the site and show the various constituent part that constitute this in-between space. 3. Using a kit of parts OR a generative section intervene in this in-between location.

Resources: Eve Blau and Ivan Rupnik, Project Zagreb: Transition as Condition, Strategy, Practice, (New York: Actar D, 2007) Mary Louise Pratt, “Arts of the Contact Zone,” Profession 91. New York: MLA, 1991. 33-40. Jan Gehl, Life Between Buildings, The Danish Architectural Press. http://www.rudi.net/pages/8741 Linda Pollak, “Constructed Ground: Questions of Scale,” In The Landscape Urbanism Reader, ed. Charles Waldheim, (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2006), p. 126-139. Precedents: Alvaro Siza, Leça Swimming Pools, Leça da Palmeira, Portugal Peter Zumthor, Thermal Baths Vals, Vals, Graubünden, Switzerland Rudolf Schindler, Lowell Beach House, California Steven Holl, Stretto House, Texas Charles Moore, Kresge College, Santa Cruz, California

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STUDENT WORK Learning from New Orleans

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SYLLABUS Imagine Devon: Multiculturalism and Design in the Urban Public Realm (see 4.1.1.4.3)

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Whose City? Whose Culture? Multiculturalism and Design in the Urban Public Realm ARCH 645 – 802 (Class # 51678)/ ARCH 855 - 801 (Class Number 51850) | TuThFr 1:30PM - 5:20PM | Instructor: Arijit Sen | Spring 2009 This course will require onsite overnight weekend trips (Sat-Sun) and day-trips to Chicago.

Course Description We often hear the term public realm used in urban design. It is often substituted with terms such as public space, public domain, community realm and the commons. Yet these terms are not the same and their conflation reflects a deep-seated ignorance. Lyn Lofland offers us a working definition, “The public realm is constituted of those areas of urban settlements in which individuals in copresence tend to be personally unknown or only categorically known to one another.” For a designer this definition creates a unique dilemma of values and representation. How can we design spaces within the public realm when the inhabitants (users) are unknown to each other and potentially do not share a common culture? Whose value, whose history, and whose identity defines design in the public realm? Who are the various individuals, groups and institutions engaged in the use, design and building of the public realm and how do we maneuver through their often conflicting ideas and demands? How do we remain sensitive to their different interests and histories? In short, this course interrogates the relevance of “multiculturalism” in the context of architectural/urban design. The studio will consider a real project on Devon Avenue, Chicago. The stretch of Devon Avenue, roughly between McCormick and Western has a complex history. Germans, Irish, Jewish and Croatians were succeeded by South Asian, Asians, and orthodox Jewish populations. What makes it more complex is that while the main shopping street is composed of immigrant stores, the adjoining residential streets are inhabited by people from other ethnicities and classes. Hence, when the North Ridge Chamber of Commerce decided to redesign the street as a public space they were confronted with a difficult question: who constitutes the public, whose history and heritage should they represent, and how can they envision a plan for growth, development, infill, and design? We will deal with the complexities of designing along Devon Avenue by studying the nature of intervention at different spatial and temporal scales. The studio includes intense reading, research and discussions on related topics. In addition to designing, students will be required to take a critical stance on social issues, develop a knowledge base on the current scholarship of social and cultural aspects of multiculturalism and urban design, and create their own design program. Required Text Selected readings and books on reserve Recommended: Sue McGlynn, Ian Bentley, Alan Alcock, Graham Smith, Paul Murrain, Responsive Environments: A Manual for Designers, (New York: Elsevier/Architectural Press, 1985) Pedagogical objectives Following learning objectives for this class are based on Benjamin Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive learning. 1

1 Benjamin S. Bloom, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain. (New York: David McKay Co Inc., 1956). David R. Krathwohl, Benjamin S. Bloom, & Bertram B. Masia, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, the Classification of Educational Goals. Handbook II: Affective Domain. (New York: David McKay Co., Inc., 1973).

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1. Application and evaluation: Application of urban design principles and evaluation of established urban design strategies

2. Analysis and Comprehension: Engage with clients and distill information for analysis during design process. Ability to comprehend and apply complex social, political and economic information.

3. Synthesis: Develop and take informed decisions based on evidence and research. 4. Synthesis and Evaluation: Gathering, distilling and evaluating data for programming. 5. Evaluation: Critical evaluation of facts, positions, and theories to inform practice and design in agile and

productive ways (under changing conditions typical of complex knowledge domains). Grading Grading is based on student’s demonstrated development and growth in the above 5 objectives and the following affective domains cited by Bloom.

1. Receiving Phenomena: Ability to carefully listen to others and transform one’s position based on willingness to listen.

2. Response and participation in the learning process: In class discussion, ability to relate to and work with clients and group members in constructive ways that can be demonstrated and documented.

3. Valuing and organizing values: Recognizes the need for balance between freedom and responsible behavior. Accepts responsibility for one’s behavior. Explains the role of systematic planning in solving problems. Accepts professional ethical standards.

4. For every missed in-studio workshop students will lose ½ grade points (i.e. if they were receiving an A in the course, their grade will become A- for one missed workshop, B+ for two, and B for three).

Project Description Our studio’s premise comes from our agreement or opposition to Stuart Mills essay on liberty published in 1859. On Liberty is available here: http://www.billstclair.com/Serendipity/on_lib.html. You don’t have to accept Mill’s position. However you will have to react to his stand. For that you need to carefully read it, mark the points you agree and disagree with (a careful reading will allow you to selectively agree/disagree) and then take your stand on it. You are doing this to develop an informed, ethical, and thoughtful position as a citizen-architect. (NCARB Category: Ethics and Professional Judgment) Studio participants are asked to plan a long term development strategy for the Devon Street area that will promote growth and sustain a multicultural community. In order to achieve that, participants will suggest sites/locations and projects that can act as catalysts for the development of the public realm and a livable (sustainable) community over a period of three decades. The proposal will integrate development of properties and buildings within the larger cultural landscape of Devon Avenue, identify strategies to develop a network of public spaces and sites that will encourage community participation, economic development and cultural development. Since this is a long term plan we neither want to force our ideas on the community, nor do we want to suggest something that is inflexible. So a central issue that frames this project is the concept of sustainable and polyvalent development that accommodates transformation and change (demographic, physical, economic and political change) over time. The semester is divided into 4 stages. Each stage has an assignment associated with it. The first stage is called Definitions and Context. During this 2-week period students examine the urban context, identify patterns and document typologies. Such patterns and types are found in the urban fabric, street façade/elevations, building form, open spaces, and in architectural details. It is also a period when students develop positions on public space, public domain, community-civic participation, and urbanism. The assignment due at the end of the initial two-week period is a glossary of issues, spatial typologies, terms, drawings and definitions that will be developed and referred later (see Joan Busquets, Bringing the Harvard Yards to the River, for example). (NCARB Category: National and Regional Traditions, Use of Precedents, Research Skills, Context of Architecture) The second stage is called Program and Plan. During this period students will engage with community leaders, city government, local residents and storeowners. They will produce a program based on their positions (now appropriately revised) from Stage 1, precedent studies, and new information gathered during this stage. The program will include project types, function and use, dimensions and square footage, temporal development vision, and ordering principle/system description. The assignment to be completed during this phase will be a long term development plan at the neighborhood and urban scale. (NCARB Category: Use of Precedents, Research Skills, Collaborative Skills, Program Preparation) The third stage, called Detailing Scenarios I and II, focuses on the development of catalyst sites and buildings and a network of public spaces that will sustain and nurture this community over time. During this period students will finalize their interventions and ideas into a design project. Note that the design process is not limited to this stage and is in fact continuous across all stages. Students may revise conclusions from Stage 1 and 2 at this point. The assignment

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completed at this stage will be a design of the street edge, public space, building façade and building details at the street scale. (NCARB Category: Site Conditions, Collaborative Skills, Human Diversity, Human Behavior, Formal Ordering Skills) The final stage, Coda, is a completion and evaluation stage where students will return to the community with their designs and test the success of their design. The final stage will also involve revisions and productions of final documents. The “exam-charrette” at the end of the semester will test the viability of your design solution by changing the background conditions. Thus in addition to an aesthetically pleasing, socially relevant, and intelligent design solution, you are asked to think of a solution that will be sustainable for the long term. (NCARB Category: Graphic Skills, Collaborative Skills, Documentation, Writing and Verbal Skills, Critical Thinking Skills)

Workshops and Readings ________________ Workshop 1: Five Tenets + Ten Tactics What are the warrants behind central theorizations of public space and public realm? How do we put these ideas into practice for this project? How can these ideas be applied in a design situation? We will discuss works of scholars such as Lyn Lofland, Hannah Arendt, Jane Jacobs, Richard Sennett, Jan Gehl, Camillo Sitte, Walter Benjamin and J. B. Jackson. Invited Participants: Christine Scott Thomson Resources: Nathan Glazer and Mark Lilla (editors), The Public Face of Architecture, (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987). Lyn H. Lofland, The Public Realm: Exploring the City's Quintessential Social Territory. (Hawthorne: Aldine de Gruyter, 1998) Charles Waldheim, The Landscape Urbanism Reader, Charles Waldheim (editor), (Princeton, Princeton Architectural Press, 2006) Quentin Stevens, “Betwixt and Between: Building Threshold, Liminality and Public Space,” In Loose Space: Possibility and Diversity in Urban Life, Karen Franck and Quentin Stevens (editors), (New York, Routledge, 2007): 73-92. Carol Burns and Andrea Kahn (editors), Site Matters, (New York: Routledge, 2005) Matthew Carmona and Steve Teisdell (editors), Urban Design Reader, (New York: Architectural Press, 2007) Jon Lang, Urban Design: A Typology of Procedures and Products, (New York: Elsevier/Architectural Press 2005). John Chase, Margaret Crawford, John Kaliski (editors), Everyday Urbanism, (New York: Monacelli Press, 1999) Roger Trancik, “Three Theories of Urban Spatial Design,” In Finding Lost Space, (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1986): 97-124 David Grahame Shane, Recombinant Urbanism: Conceptual Modeling in Architecture, Urban design, and City Theory, (NJ : Wiley-Academy, 2005) Ester Charlesworth, City Edge, (New York: Elsevier/Architectural Press, 2005) Peter Katz, The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community, (New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 1993) Peter Bosselmann, Representation of Places: Reality and Realism in City Design, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998) Kevin Lynch, Image of the City, (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1960) Sue McGlynn, Ian Bentley, Alan Alcock, Graham Smith, Paul Murrain, Responsive Environments: A Manual for Designers, (New York: Elsevier/Architectural Press, 1985) ________________ Workshop 2: Data collection techniques for project types Five Project Types: Center (civic plaza, gathering point); Thick Edge; Infill; Infrastructure; Landmark. This workshop will introduce you to site analysis and site documentation techniques useful for collecting data relevant to your project type. These methods include demographic analysis, census analysis, making sense of quantitative data, mapping and density analysis. We will also discuss how to collect, document and analyze information on formal and physical patterns, user and cultural traces, environmental and climate data. What types of information do you need to collect? How do you collect these data and how do you document them? Invited Participants: Manu Sobti, Christine Scott Thomson Resources: Ray Gindroz, Karen Levine, and Urban Design Associates, The Urban Design Handbook: Techniques and Working Methods, (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2003) Urban Design Associates, Rob Robinson, Donald K. Carter, and Barry J., Jr. Long, The Architectural Pattern Book: A Tool for Building Great Neighborhoods, (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2004) John Habraken, “Transformations of the Site,” Cambridge, Awater Press, 1983. Private edition. Second ed. 1988. John Habraken, “Cultivating the Field”: About an attitude when making architecture.” Places, Volume 9, Number 1, 1994 N. John Habraken (1987) "The Control of Complexity", Places: Vol. 4 (July 1, 1987) Article .

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http://repositories.cdlib.org/ced/places/vol4/iss2/Habraken N John Habraken (1994) "Cultivating the Field: About an Attitude When Making Architecture", Places: Vol. 9 (January 15, 1994), Article. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ced/places/vol9/iss1/NJohnHabraken ________________ Workshop 3: Research and Critical thinking on Identity, class, gender, race and ethnicity What are the major positions in the scholarship of ethnicity and multiculturalism? How do we put these ideas into practice for this project? How can these ideas be applied in a design situation? In this workshop we will discuss how to use research on race, ethnicity, identity and American multiculturalism as we design the public realm. Invited Participants: Joe Austin, A. Aneesh Resources: Kathleen Conzen, David Gerber, Ewa Morawska, George Pozzetta, "The Invention of Ethnicity: Perspectives from the U.S.A." Journal of American Ethnic History 12 (Fall, 1992): 3-41. Herbert Gans, “Symbolic Ethnicity: The Future of Ethnic Groups and Cultures in America.” In Theories of Ethnicity, pp. 436-48. Ed. Werner Sollors. New York: New York Univ. Press, 1996. Arijit Sen, “Ethnicity in the City: Reading Representations of Cultural Difference in Indian Storefronts.” In City, Space + Globalization: An International Perspective. Proceedings of an International Symposium (Ed.) Hemlata C. Dandekar. Ann Arbor, MI: College of Architecture and Urban Planning, 1998 Michael Omi, Howard Winant,. Racial Formation in the United States. NY: Routledge, 1994. ________________ Workshop 4: Programming and planning strategies This workshop focuses on programming. What is a design brief, what are the ways to frame it, and how do we collect data to produce the design brief? How do you integrate your position on public domain, urbanism, and sustainable development with the design program? Invited Participants: Judith Kenny, Bernard Perley, Greg Brewer Resources: William M. Pena and Steven A. Parshall, Problem Seeking: An Architectural Programming Primer, (New York: Wiley, 2001) ________________ Workshop 5: Diagramming Techniques ________________ Workshop 6: Interviewing and ethnographic analysis techniques in Community Design Charrettes This workshop will prepare you for the community design charrettes at Chicago. How do you participate as facilitators? What information do you document? How do you document? How do you get information from community members? What are the difficulties and pitfalls of community design charrettes? Resources: John Zeisel and John P. Eberhard, Inquiry by Design: Environment/Behavior... in Architecture, Interiors, Landscape, and Planning, (New York: W. W. Norton; 2006) David Walters, Designing Community: Charrettes, Masterplans and Form-based Codes, (New York: Elsevier/Architectural Press, 2007) David Walters and Linda Brown, Design First: Design-based Planning for Communities, (New York: Elsevier/Architectural Press, 2004) ________________ Workshop 8: Ordering and Design Methods This design workshop will introduce you to design exercises that focus on the way one can design within a complex context. How do we take into account the various scales within which we design? How can we account for the multiple agents who are involved in the design process? How do we systematically order our design? What are the design moves? Reading Resources: Thomas Thiis-Evensen, Archetypes of Urbanism: A Method for the Esthetic Design of Cities, (trans.) Scott Campbell, Universitetsforlaget, 1999 Thomas Thiis-Evensen, Archetypes in Architecture, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990) John Habraken, “Transformations of the Site,” Cambridge, Awater Press, 1983. Private edition. Second ed. 1988. John Habraken, “Cultivating the Field”: About an attitude when making architecture.” Places, Volume 9, Number 1, 1994 N. John Habraken (1987) "The Control of Complexity", Places: Vol. 4 (July 1, 1987) Article . http://repositories.cdlib.org/ced/places/vol4/iss2/Habraken

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N John Habraken (1994) "Cultivating the Field: About an Attitude When Making Architecture", Places: Vol. 9 (January 15, 1994), Article. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ced/places/vol9/iss1/NJohnHabraken

Weekly Schedule

1. Week: 1/26-1/30 Definitions and Context. Topic: Different Definitions of Public; Various Social Constituencies Assignment 1 Tuesday, January 27, 2009 Discussion on Public Realm Thursday, January 29, 2009 Site Visit: Site Walk, Data Collection and Analysis Friday, January 30, 2009 Urban Design and Data Collection Workshop 1 (Christine Scott Thompson)

Assignment 1 handed out Milestone/Results: Data collection should have started. Students need to decide on urban design strategies and get an understanding of the issues involved in the project. _____________________________________ 2. Week: 2/2-2/6 Definitions and Context. Topic: What are the physical forms of an urban community? Tuesday, February 3, 2009 In class work on Data Analysis and Documentation Thursday, February 5, 2009 Workshop 2: Demographic and topographic data analysis

AN understanding and undertaking of final results Friday, February 6, 2009 In class Workshop 3. (Joe Austin, A. Aneesh)

_____________________________________ 3. Week: 2/9-2/13 Program and Plans Topic: What is a Program? Tuesday, February 10, 2009 Workshop 4, (Judith Kenny, Bernard Perley, Greg Brewer). Introduce Assignment 2 Thursday, February 12, 2009 In class Charrette Friday, February 13, 2009 Site visit: Meeting with community leaders and select individuals (All Day and

OVERNIGHT STAY IN CHICAGO) _____________________________________ 4. Week: 2/16-2/20 Program and Plan [Long term plan, tactical maneuvers] Topic: How can we program for the community and its future Tuesday, February 17, 2009 In class work, Assignment 1 and 2 due Thursday, February 19, 2009 In class work , REVIEW of Program, Site Analysis, and Positions (@ MKE) Friday, February 20, 2009 Workshop 5: Diagramming workshop. _____________________________________ 5. Week: 2/23-2/27 Detailing Scenarios I Topic: Long term catalyst Plan, Urban fabric, public realm plan Tuesday, February 24, 2009 Final Data Analysis Drawings and Development of Design Strategies (Revisions

to Assignment 2 and Assignment 1) Due; Assignment 3 handed out. Workshop 5, Prep for Thursday Charrette

Thursday, February 26, 2009 Site Visit and Community Charrette (Return to Milwaukee) Friday, February 27, 2009 In class work _____________________________________ 6. Week: 3/2-3/6 Detailing Scenarios I [Reconfigured plans and insertions in the landscape] Topic: Making sense Tuesday, March 3, 2009 In class Charrette Thursday, March 5, 2009 In class work Friday, March 6, 2009 In class work _____________________________________ 7. Week: 3/9-3/13 Open [Network layers and Multiple Grounds, landscape scale] Topic: Detail Building Design, Ordering

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Tuesday, March 10, 2009 Assignment 3 Due, Review of Catalyst Plan and detailed building program @MKE Assignment 4 handed out. Thursday, March 12, 2009 In class Charrette Friday, March 13, 2009 In class work and transition to building phase _____________________________________ 8. Week: 3/16-3/20 S P R I N G B R E A K _____________________________________ 9. Week: 3/23-3/27 Detailing Scenarios II [Design @ neighborhood and landscape scale] Topic: Catalyst Design Tuesday, March 24, 2009 SAAPRI Charrette (Return to Milwaukee) Thursday, March 26, 2009 In class work Friday, March 27, 2009 In class work _____________________________________ 10. Week: 3/30-4/3 Detailing Scenarios Ii [Street and thick edges @ street scale] Topic: Catalyst Design Tuesday, March 31, 2009 Review of Assignment 4 ; Assignment 5 handed out Thursday, April 2, 2009 In class work Friday, April 3, 2009 In class _____________________________________ 11. Week: 4/5-4/10 Detailing Scenarios II [Support, Infill and details @ architectural Scale] Topic: Catalyst Design Tuesday, April 7, 2009 In class Charrette Thursday, April 9, 2009 In class work Friday, April 10, 2009 In class Charrette _____________________________________ 12. Week: 4/13-4/17 Detailing Scenarios II Tuesday, April 14, 2009 Assignment 5 Review; Assignment 6 handed out. Thursday, April 16, 2009 In class work Friday, April 17, 2009 In class work _____________________________________ 13. Week: 4/20-4/24 Coda Tuesday, April 21, 2009 In class work Thursday, April 23, 2009 In class work Friday, April 24, 2009 In class work _____________________________________ 14. Week: 4/27-5/1 Coda [Changing Scenarios] Tuesday, ,28, April 28, 2009 Final Review Assignment 6 @ MKE; Assignment 7 and 8 handed out Thursday, April 30, 2009 In class work on Assignment 7 (Walter Wagner Forum) Friday, May 1, 2009 In class work on Assignment 7 (Walter Wagner Forum) _____________________________________ 15. Week: 5/4-5/8 (TTH) Final Exhibit in Chicago; Assignment 8 Due Final Week Thursday May 7, 2009 Neighborhood Presentation and Charrette @ Chicago

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STUDENT WORK Imagine Devon

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01

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Arijit Sen 343

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01

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mig

rant

inha

bita

nts.1 G

erm

ans,

Irish

, Jew

-is

h an

d Cr

oatia

ns w

ere

succ

eede

d by

Sou

th A

sian

, Asi

ans,

and

Russ

ian

Jew

s. O

rtho

dox

Jew

ish

popu

latio

ns li

ve in

clo

se p

roxi

mity

to lo

w in

-co

me

Mus

lim im

mig

rant

s fr

om S

outh

Asi

a.2

Sinc

e 19

91 p

ortio

ns o

f thi

s st

reet

hav

e be

en re

nam

ed to

hon

or M

ahat

ma

Gan

dhi,

Muh

amm

ad A

li Ji

nnah

, Muj

ib-u

r-Ra

hman

, and

Gol

da M

eir.

Wha

t mak

es th

e ar

ea m

ore

com

plex

is th

at w

hile

the

mai

n sh

oppi

ng s

ectio

n is

com

pose

d of

imm

i-gr

ant s

tore

s, th

e ad

join

ing

resi

dent

ial s

tree

ts a

re in

habi

ted

by p

eopl

e of

m

ixed

raci

al, e

thni

c an

d cl

ass

back

grou

nds.

Sinc

e th

e 19

70s

the

ethn

ic

Sout

h A

sian

sto

res

alon

g th

is th

orou

ghfa

re h

ave

serv

ed c

usto

mer

s fr

om

a m

ulti-

stat

e hi

nter

land

(Illi

nois

, Ind

iana

, Wis

cons

in, a

nd N

orth

ern

Iow

a).

Bett

er k

now

n as

a re

gion

al re

tail

dest

inat

ion,

a la

rge

num

ber o

f Sou

th

Asi

an lo

w-in

com

e an

d re

cent

ly-a

rriv

ed im

mig

rant

s w

ho li

ve in

this

ne

ighb

orho

od a

re o

ften

not

men

tione

d in

com

mun

ity d

iscu

ssio

ns a

nd

scho

lars

hip.

3

The

ethn

ic la

ndsc

ape

of D

evon

ther

efor

e di

spla

ys tw

o ve

ry d

iffer

ent

kind

s of

set

tlem

ent p

atte

rns

as d

efine

d by

urb

an a

nd c

ultu

ral g

eog-

raph

ers.

On

the

one

hand

it is

par

t of a

regi

onal

net

wor

k. T

he a

bsen

-te

e la

ndlo

rds,

stor

eow

ners

and

man

y cu

stom

ers

who

live

out

side

the

neig

hbor

hood

defi

ne a

“com

mun

ity w

ithou

t pro

pinq

uity

.”4 Suc

h sp

atia

l co

nfigu

ratio

ns a

re s

tudi

ed b

y re

sear

cher

s of

sub

urba

nize

d sw

atch

es o

f So

uthe

rn C

alifo

rnia

and

sim

ilarly

dis

pers

ed s

ettle

men

t pat

tern

s.5

But,

the

abov

e de

scrip

tion

of D

evon

’s et

hnic

and

imm

igra

nt la

ndsc

ape

is p

artia

l. M

any

imm

igra

nts

live,

wor

k, a

nd w

orsh

ip in

the

neig

hbor

-ho

od. W

hile

they

are

not

men

tione

d by

the

mid

dle-

clas

s sh

oppe

rs w

ho

patr

oniz

e th

ese

stor

es,6 t

heir

stor

y is

a fa

mili

ar o

ne in

Am

eric

an c

ultu

re.

Thei

r exp

erie

nce

is th

at o

f urb

an v

illag

ers,

a te

rm c

oine

d by

Her

bert

G

ans

to s

peak

of t

he d

eniz

ens

of e

thni

c en

clav

es.7 T

his

seco

nd s

ettle

-m

ent p

atte

rn, i

n co

ntra

st to

the

form

er e

xam

ple,

is te

rrito

rially

bou

nded

. Im

mig

rant

s liv

ing

arou

nd D

evon

wal

k to

wor

k an

d liv

e in

cro

wed

apa

rt-

men

ts a

long

the

frin

ges

of th

e ne

ighb

orho

od. T

hey

may

be

igno

red

1 Adam

Lang

er, Cr

ossin

g Cali

fornia

, (New

York:

The B

erkele

y Pub

lishin

g Grou

p, Pe

nguin

Gr

oup,

2004

).

2 Fred

Kniss

and P

aul D

. Num

rich,

Sacre

d Asse

mblie

s and

Civic

Enga

geme

nt: Ho

w Re

ligion

Ma

tters

for Am

erica’

s New

est Im

migra

nts (N

ew Br

unsw

ick: R

utgers

Univ

ersity

Pres

s, 200

7).

3 Jacqu

e Day

Arch

er an

d Jam

ie W

irsbin

ski Sa

ntoro,

Imag

es of

Ameri

ca: R

oger’

s Park

. (Ch

arles

ton: A

rcadia

Publi

shing

, 200

7).

Kath

leen B

ubina

s, “Ga

ndhi

Marg:

the s

ocial

cons

tructi

on an

d prod

uctio

n of a

n eth

nic

econ

omy i

n Chic

ago”

City &

Socie

ty 17

(Dec

embe

r 200

5): 1

61-1

79Pa

dma R

anga

swam

y, Na

maste

Ameri

ca: In

dian I

mmigr

ants

in an

Ameri

can M

etrop

olis.

(Phil

adelp

hia: P

enns

ylvan

ia Sta

te Un

iversi

ty Pre

ss, 20

00).

Padm

a Ran

gasw

amy, “

Asian

India

ns in

Chica

go” a

nd “D

evon

Aven

ue: A

Worl

d Mark

et” In

Th

e New

Chica

go: A

Socia

l and

Cultu

ral An

alysis

. Mich

ael B

enne

tt, Fa

ssil D

emiss

ie, Ro

berta

Ga

rner

and K

ilijoo

ng Ki

m. Ed

itors,

(Phil

adelp

hia: Te

mple

Unive

rsity

Press,

2006

): 129

-140

; 22

1-23

0.

4 The t

erm “co

mmun

ity w

ithou

t prop

inquit

y” co

mes f

rom an

artic

le by

Melv

in W

ebbe

r. Se

e Melv

in M.

Web

ber, “

Orde

r in di

versi

ty: Co

mmun

ity w

ithou

t prop

inquit

y” Cit

ies an

d Sp

ace.

pp. 2

5–54

Edite

d by L

. Wing

o, (B

altim

ore: Jo

hns H

opkin

s Pres

s, 196

3).

5 Mich

ael D

ear a

nd St

even

Flus

ty, “P

ostm

odern

Urb

anism

,” Ann

als of

the A

ssocia

tion o

f Am

erica

n Geo

graph

ers 88

(199

8): 5

0-72

Wei

Li. “A

natom

y of a

new

ethnic

settl

emen

t: The

Chine

se Et

hnob

urb in

Los A

ngele

s,” Ur

ban S

tudies

35 (1

998)

: 470

–501

Kevin

M. D

unn,

“Reth

inking

ethn

ic co

ncen

tratio

ns: th

e cas

e of C

abram

atta,

Sydn

ey”.

Urba

n Stud

ies 35

(199

8): 5

03–2

7.W

ilbur

Zelin

sky a

nd Ba

rrett

Lee, “

Heter

oloca

lism:

an al

terna

tive m

odel

of th

e soc

iospa

tial

beha

vior o

f immi

grant

comm

unitie

s,” In

Intern

ation

al Jou

rnal o

f Pop

ulatio

n Geo

graph

y, 4

(199

8): 2

81–2

98.

6 Stude

nt int

erview

with

mem

bers

of th

e Sou

th As

ian co

mmun

ity, C

hicag

o, Fe

bruary

-Ma

rch 20

09.

7 Ethn

ic en

clave

s are

the m

ost re

searc

hed e

thnic

land

scape

s in Am

erica

.Ga

ns, H

erbert

J. Th

e Urba

n Villa

gers:

Grou

p and

Clas

s in th

e Life

of Ita

lian-

Ameri

cans

. New

Yo

rk: Fr

ee Pr

ess, 1

982.

Arijit Sen 344

portfoilio

01

Arch

itect

ural

Des

ign,

Envir

onm

enta

l Equ

ity an

d Mul

ticul

tura

lism

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 2

but t

hey

are

not i

nvis

ible

. The

sto

reow

ners

kno

w th

em a

s cu

stom

ers,

rent

ers,

and

chie

fly a

s a

sour

ce o

f che

ap la

bor.

Mus

lim w

omen

wea

ring

the

hija

b, w

orki

ng c

lass

men

wea

ring

wor

k cl

othe

s, un

acco

mpa

nied

ch

ildre

n an

d gr

oups

of t

eena

gers

col

lect

alo

ng th

e si

dew

alks

of t

his

crow

ded

and

heav

ily tr

affick

ed s

tree

t at o

dd h

ours

.8 Dur

ing

late

eve

-ni

ngs,

man

y of

the

rest

aura

nts

turn

into

mee

ting

plac

es fo

r you

ng m

en

from

this

com

mun

ity.9 B

asem

ents

of s

tore

s an

d re

stau

rant

s ge

t con

-ve

rted

into

com

mun

ity p

raye

r spa

ces

and

mak

eshi

ft m

osqu

es. T

hirt

een

perm

anen

t cen

ters

of w

orsh

ip, i

n ad

ditio

n to

the

larg

e Ja

ma

Mas

jid,

hold

regu

lar F

riday

ser

vice

s, co

mm

unity

eve

nts

and

scho

ol a

ctiv

ities

. Lo

cal J

ewis

h sc

hool

s pr

edat

e th

e So

uth

Asi

ans.

Guj

arat

i com

mun

ity h

alls

ar

e lo

cate

d on

the

uppe

r floo

rs o

f bui

ldin

gs. O

rgan

izat

ions

and

ser

vice

s ca

terin

g to

wom

en, c

hild

ren

and

fam

ilies

are

tuck

ed in

bet

wee

n th

e re

tail

stor

es a

long

the

stre

et. A

per

son

on th

e st

reet

doe

s no

t see

thes

e co

mm

unity

and

resi

dent

ser

vice

s, si

nce

he is

dis

trac

ted

by th

e ov

erpo

w-

erin

g si

gnag

e an

d st

ore

adve

rtis

emen

ts. D

evon

is m

ore

than

a s

hopp

ing

strip

. It i

s a

hom

e fo

r a v

arie

ty o

f peo

ple.

Hen

ce, w

hen

the

Nor

th R

idge

Cha

mbe

r of C

omm

erce

dec

ided

to re

de-

sign

the

stre

et a

s a

publ

ic s

pace

it w

as c

onfr

onte

d w

ith d

ifficu

lt qu

es-

tions

: who

con

stitu

tes

the

publ

ic, w

hose

his

tory

and

her

itage

sho

uld

they

repr

esen

t, an

d ho

w th

ey c

an e

nvis

ion

a pl

an fo

r gro

wth

, dev

elop

-m

ent,

infil

l, an

d de

sign

? The

“Im

agin

e D

evon

- En

visi

onin

g a

Mul

ticul

-tu

ral S

tree

t” s

tudi

o ex

plor

ed th

e po

ssib

ilitie

s an

d lim

its o

f a d

esig

ner’s

ab

ility

to b

e an

act

ivis

t cha

mpi

onin

g th

e ca

use

of s

ocia

l equ

ity d

urin

g a

futu

re d

esig

n pr

oces

s. Th

e cl

ass

grap

pled

with

the

cent

ral d

ebat

e of

w

heth

er w

e ca

n en

visi

on a

cul

ture

spe

cific

or c

ultu

re re

spon

sive

des

ign.

Arg

uing

aga

inst

the

pres

umpt

ion

that

des

ign

shou

ld b

e cu

lture

spe

-ci

fic, A

mos

Rap

opor

t refl

ects

on

the

impo

rtan

ce o

f flex

ible

and

acc

om-

mod

ativ

e de

sign

str

ateg

ies

that

allo

w d

iffer

ent g

roup

s an

d in

divi

dual

s to

mod

ify s

pace

s.10 H

e ca

utio

ns u

s th

at c

ultu

ral r

espo

nsiv

enes

s is

not

“u

nive

rsal

arc

hite

ctur

e,” a

one

-siz

e fit

s al

l nor

m o

r the

era

sure

of a

ll di

f-fe

renc

e th

at h

as b

een

the

prod

uct o

f the

mod

ern

mov

emen

t in

arch

i-te

ctur

e an

d pl

anni

ng. A

ccor

ding

to R

apop

ort,

“res

pons

ive

envi

ronm

ents

ar

e th

ose

whi

ch c

an b

e m

anip

ulat

ed a

s cu

lture

cha

nges

, i.e

. ope

n en

d-ed

, flex

ible

and

ada

ptiv

e en

viro

nmen

ts.” A

t the

sam

e tim

e, th

ere

cann

ot

be to

tal o

pen

ende

d-ne

ss s

ince

“con

tinui

ty, s

tabi

lity

and

guid

ance

are

al

so n

eces

sary

.” But

do

we

know

whi

ch p

arts

of t

he e

nviro

nmen

t nee

d to

ad

apta

ble

and

open

-end

ed? W

ho d

oes

the

man

ipul

atin

g an

d ho

w is

it

done

? The

stu

dent

s in

the

stud

io a

ddre

ssed

the

abov

e is

sues

in th

eir 1

4 w

eek

expl

orat

ion

of D

evon

Ave

nue.

The

deci

sion

to s

tudy

Dev

on A

venu

e as

a m

ultic

ultu

ral p

ublic

spa

ce c

re-

ated

add

ition

al d

ifficu

lties

. Lyn

Lofl

and

offer

s us

a w

orki

ng d

efini

tion

of

the

publ

ic re

alm

as “

cons

titut

ed o

f tho

se a

reas

of u

rban

set

tlem

ents

in

whi

ch in

divi

dual

s in

cop

rese

nce

tend

to b

e pe

rson

ally

unk

now

n or

onl

y ca

tego

rical

ly k

now

n to

one

ano

ther

.”11

For a

des

igne

r thi

s de

finiti

on

crea

tes

a un

ique

dile

mm

a of

val

ues

and

repr

esen

tatio

n. H

ow c

an w

e de

sign

spa

ces

with

in th

e pu

blic

real

m w

hen

the

inha

bita

nts

(use

rs) a

re

unkn

own

to e

ach

othe

r and

pot

entia

lly d

o no

t sha

re a

com

mon

cul

ture

? W

hose

cul

ture

? - w

as a

que

stio

n th

at b

egge

d an

ans

wer

. Who

se v

alue

, w

hose

his

tory

, and

who

se id

entit

y de

fines

des

ign

in th

e pu

blic

real

m?

Who

are

the

vario

us in

divi

dual

s, gr

oups

and

inst

itutio

ns e

ngag

ed in

the

use,

des

ign

and

build

ing

of th

e pu

blic

real

m a

nd h

ow d

o w

e m

aneu

ver

thro

ugh

thei

r oft

en c

onfli

ctin

g id

eas

and

dem

ands

? H

ow d

o w

e re

mai

n se

nsiti

ve to

thei

r diff

eren

t int

eres

ts a

nd h

isto

ries?

In s

hort

, the

rele

vanc

e an

d de

finiti

on o

f “m

ultic

ultu

ralis

m” b

ecom

es a

diffi

cult

issu

e in

the

con-

text

of a

rchi

tect

ural

/urb

an d

esig

n.

Des

ign

Stra

tegi

es fo

r Div

ersi

tyM

any

arch

itect

ural

sch

olar

s ex

amin

e di

ffere

nt w

ays

that

the

built

env

i-ro

nmen

t is

used

and

exp

erie

nced

by

vario

us s

ocia

l con

stitu

enci

es. M

ost

scho

lars

pre

sent

spe

cific

nee

ds a

nd b

ehav

ior o

f spe

cial

gro

ups

base

d on

ge

nder

, age

, eco

nom

ic, a

nd p

hysi

cal/h

ealth

cha

ract

eris

tics.12

Alth

ough

th

is in

form

atio

n is

use

ful a

nd n

eces

sary

, des

ign

stud

ents

oft

en fi

nd it

di

fficu

lt to

con

stru

ctiv

ely

inte

grat

e th

is in

form

atio

n in

to th

eir d

esig

n pr

oces

s. Su

ch k

now

ledg

e m

ay m

ake

us a

ppre

ciat

ive

of m

inor

ity p

oint

of

vie

ws,

yet m

uch

of th

is re

sear

ch te

lls u

s no

thin

g ab

out h

ow w

e ca

n m

odify

the

desi

gn p

roce

ss to

acc

omm

odat

e m

ultip

le a

nd tr

ansf

orm

ing

min

oriti

es. D

esig

n gu

idel

ines

oft

en h

elp

prod

uce

envi

ronm

enta

l cod

es

and

regu

latio

ns fo

r bur

eauc

ratic

gov

erna

nce.

Ove

r tim

e th

ey tu

rn in

to

reifi

ed p

rinci

ples

who

se g

ener

atin

g id

eas

and

reas

ons

are

lost

. If t

hat

happ

ens

then

des

ign

guid

elin

es d

o m

ore

harm

than

hel

p by

obj

ectif

y-in

g kn

owle

dge

into

rigi

d “d

os a

nd d

on’ts

” tha

t ign

ore

impo

rtan

t fac

-to

rs s

uch

as lo

cal c

onte

xts

and

circ

umst

ance

s th

at m

ay im

ply

a ne

ed to

am

end

thes

e gu

idel

ines

.

Arm

ed w

ith th

is k

now

ledg

e, a

rchi

tect

s an

d ar

chite

ctur

al s

tude

nts

are

still

una

ble

to p

redi

ct w

hat w

ill h

appe

n w

hen

the

build

ing

stoc

k in

m

arke

t-dr

iven

soc

ietie

s ch

ange

ow

ners

hip

and

func

tion.

As

econ

omie

s ch

ange

, nei

ghbo

rhoo

d co

mpo

sitio

ns tr

ansf

orm

, bui

ldin

gs a

re p

ut to

ne

w u

ses,

new

tech

nolo

gies

em

erge

, and

his

toric

al v

alue

s al

ter t

he u

s-er

s’ pe

rcep

tions

. New

mas

s pr

oduc

ed b

uild

ings

or s

pecu

lativ

e de

velo

p-m

ents

hav

e no

iden

tifiab

le u

sers

. Suc

h ci

rcum

stan

ces

mak

e it

diffi

cult

for d

esig

ners

to u

se th

eir a

mpl

e kn

owle

dge

abou

t end

-use

rs to

info

rm

thei

r des

ign

proc

ess.

The

need

of t

he h

our i

s to

dev

ise

way

s by

whi

ch

the

desi

gn c

an a

ccom

mod

ate

dive

rsity

des

pite

cha

nges

in u

se a

nd fu

nc-

tion

that

des

igne

rs c

an’t

cont

rol.

8 Ade A

stuti a

nd Su

sy Te

kuna

n, “A

Slice

of So

uth As

ia Liv

es in

Chica

go,” V

oice O

f Ame

rica,

Octob

er 1,

2007

, http

://ww

w.vo

anew

s.com

/eng

lish/

archiv

e/20

07-1

0/20

07-1

0-01

-vo

a31.c

fm, (a

ccesse

d May

6, 20

09).

Neil M

acFa

rquha

r, “ Pa

kistan

is find

U.S.

an Ea

sier F

it tha

n Brit

ain,” I

n The

New

York

Times

(Aug

ust 2

1, 20

06)

9 Marc

ia He

rman

sen h

as do

ne gr

ound

break

ing re

searc

h on h

ow De

von i

s use

d by t

he

immi

grants

who

live n

earby

. She

has a

lso st

udied

the b

asem

ent m

osqu

es an

d plac

es of

wo

rship

that

has m

ushro

omed

in th

e area

. Pers

onal

comm

unica

tions

with

Dr. H

erman

sen,

Chica

go, A

pril 2

009.

10 Am

os Ra

popo

rt, “O

n the

Cultu

ral Re

spon

siven

ess o

f Arch

itectu

re,” In

Journ

al of

Arch

itec-

tural

Educ

ation

41 (A

utumn

, 198

7): 1

0-15

.

11 Ly

n H. L

oflan

d, Th

e Pub

lic Re

alm: E

xplor

ing th

e City

’s Quin

tesse

ntial

Socia

l Terri

tory.

(Haw

thorn

e: Al

dine d

e Gruy

ter, 1

998)

: 9.

12 M

uch o

f env

ironm

ental

rese

arch h

as cr

eated

a ric

h bod

y of li

teratu

re th

at ex

amine

s how

us

ers in

habit

, perc

eive a

nd liv

e in t

he bu

ilt en

viron

ment.

The f

ollow

ing ex

ample

s are

only

a sam

pling

. In ad

dition

to re

searc

h on h

ow hu

mans

use a

nd liv

e in s

pace

rese

arch a

lso

exam

ines h

ow ar

chite

cts ca

n prod

uce a

pprop

riate

progra

ms an

d des

ign so

lution

s. Lite

ra-tur

e on p

ost-o

ccupa

ncy e

valua

tion e

valua

tes th

e suc

cess

of th

e des

igned

envir

onme

nt in

fulfill

ing th

e nee

ds an

d req

uirem

ents

of th

e use

rs aft

er oc

cupa

tion.

Irwin

Altm

an an

d A. C

hurch

man.

Wom

en an

d the

envir

onme

nt: Hu

man b

ehav

ior an

d the

en

viron

ment.

Adva

nces

in th

eory

and r

esea

rch. V

olume

13. (N

ew Yo

rk: Pl

enum

, 199

4)Irw

in Al

tman

, M. P

owell

Lawt

on, &

Joac

him F.

Woh

lwill

(Eds.)

. Elde

rly Pe

ople

and t

he

envir

onme

nt: Hu

man b

ehav

ior an

d the

envir

onme

nt. A

dvan

ces in

theo

ry an

d res

earch

. Vo

lume 1

3. (N

ew Yo

rk: Pl

enum

, 200

1)C.

M. W

erner,

I. Al

tman

, and

B. B.

Brow

n. A t

ransa

ction

al ap

proac

h to i

nterpe

rsona

l rela-

tions

: Phy

sical

envir

onme

nt, so

cial c

ontex

t, and

temp

oral q

ualiti

es. Jo

urnal

of So

cial a

nd

Perso

nal R

elatio

nship

s, 9 (1

992)

: 297

-323

.

Arijit Sen 345

portfoilio

01

Arch

itect

ural

Des

ign,

Envir

onm

enta

l Equ

ity an

d Mul

ticul

tura

lism

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 3

Rene

e Ch

ow a

nd T

hom

as H

ubka

pro

pose

two

diffe

rent

way

s to

em

bed

dive

rsity

with

in th

e de

sign

pro

cess

that

oft

en a

ccom

pani

es s

pecu

la-

tive

deve

lopm

ent.

Arc

hite

ct a

nd e

duca

tor R

enee

Cho

w s

ugge

sts

that

w

e ne

ed to

add

“cap

acity

” to

a de

sign

that

allo

ws “

the

spat

ial f

orm

of

the

sett

ing

– th

ough

its

confi

gura

tions

, dim

ensi

ons,

and

posi

tions

– to

co

ntai

n or

sug

gest

a v

arie

ty o

f use

s. Ca

paci

ty e

xten

ds th

e fu

nctio

nal

requ

irem

ents

of a

pro

gram

by

hold

ing

mul

tiple

con

figur

atio

ns o

f inh

ab-

itatio

n an

d re

ceiv

ing

mul

tiple

ass

ocia

tions

.”13 T

his

stra

tegy

allo

ws

the

form

of t

he b

uild

ing

to b

e fle

xibl

e en

ough

to a

ccom

mod

ate

func

tions

an

d us

es b

eyon

d th

ose

plan

ned

by th

e de

sign

er.14

Thi

s no

tion

of c

apac

-ity

not

onl

y ch

alle

nges

the

desi

gner

to le

arn

way

s to

em

bed

flexi

bilit

y in

th

e fo

rm a

nd p

rogr

am o

f the

bui

ldin

g bu

t als

o en

tert

ains

mul

tiple

form

s of

exp

ress

ion,

use

, and

inte

rpre

tatio

ns b

y su

bseq

uent

use

rs o

f the

bui

ld-

ings

. In

othe

r wor

ds, C

how

arg

ues

for a

n ar

chite

ctur

e th

at c

an, i

n M

iche

l de

Cer

teau

’s ph

rase

, be

“poa

ched

” by

its in

habi

tant

s.15 A

bui

ldin

g th

us

desi

gned

ens

ures

that

the

desi

gn s

uppo

rts

patt

erns

of u

se, b

ehav

ior,

and

prac

tices

with

out s

acrifi

cing

form

al a

nd te

cton

ic b

eaut

y an

d fu

nc-

tiona

lity.

Cho

w a

lso

argu

es th

at ra

ther

than

see

ing

build

ings

as

inde

-pe

nden

t obj

ects

we

shou

ld s

ee th

e bu

ilt fo

rm a

s pa

rt o

f a la

rger

bui

lt fa

bric

. A d

esig

n th

at in

tegr

ates

the

build

ing-

artif

act i

nto

a la

rger

urb

an

syst

em c

an p

oten

tially

pro

mot

e a

“gre

at d

eal o

f ind

ivid

ual v

aria

tion

in

whi

ch th

e co

llect

ive

stru

ctur

e is

stil

l hig

hly

disc

erna

ble.”

16

Thom

as H

ubka

, an

arch

itect

and

sch

olar

of t

he b

uilt

envi

ronm

ent,

pro-

vide

s an

alte

rnat

ive

answ

er th

at s

ugge

sts

that

we

lear

n fr

om o

rdin

ary

and

vern

acul

ar e

nviro

nmen

ts. H

e ar

gues

that

we

can

inco

rpor

ate

the

way

form

s ar

e ge

nera

ted

in v

erna

cula

r con

text

s to

enr

ich

the

cont

em-

pora

ry d

esig

n pr

oces

s. H

ubka

com

pare

s th

e fo

lk d

esig

n pr

oces

s to

that

of

a b

ricol

eur w

hose

“des

ign

met

hod

is c

hara

cter

ized

by

a pr

imar

y (d

e-pe

ndan

t) a

nd a

sec

onda

ry (i

ndep

ende

nt) d

esig

n co

mpo

nent

in w

hich

th

e pr

imar

y or

gro

ss a

rchi

tect

ural

arr

ange

men

t is

rigor

ousl

y st

ruct

ured

w

hile

allo

win

g th

e de

sign

er a

rang

e of

indi

vidu

al d

esig

n in

terp

reta

tions

in

the

seco

ndar

y sy

stem

.”17 H

ubka

’s al

lusi

ons

to la

ngua

ge a

nd g

ram

mar

co

me

from

his

str

uctu

ralis

t ref

eren

ces

and

sugg

est a

fram

ewor

k th

at

allo

ws

the

desi

gner

to a

ccom

mod

ate

indi

vidu

al c

reat

ive

idea

s w

ithin

a

mor

e st

ruct

ured

gra

mm

ar. T

his

is w

here

Hub

ka’s

wor

k m

eets

Cho

w’s

sugg

estio

ns.

For t

he d

esig

ner a

n in

tegr

ated

str

ateg

y ne

cess

itate

s a

rigor

ous

anal

ysis

of

ord

inar

y pl

aces

. Thi

s st

udio

pro

ject

ther

efor

e in

clud

es a

dee

p an

alys

is

of th

e fo

rmal

and

exp

erie

ntia

l ord

ers

that

exi

st in

the

vern

acul

ar a

nd

quot

idia

n en

viro

nmen

t alo

ng D

evon

Ave

nue.

John

Hab

rake

n ca

lls th

is

an a

naly

sis

of th

e th

emat

ic, o

r tra

ditio

nal,

soci

ally

em

bedd

ed e

nviro

n-m

enta

l kno

wle

dge.

Acc

ordi

ng to

Hab

rake

n, id

entif

ying

them

atic

form

s of

und

erst

andi

ng th

e en

viro

nmen

ts—

usin

g a

voca

bula

ry o

f typ

es, p

at-

tern

s, an

d sy

stem

s—ca

n in

form

our

des

ign

proc

ess.

For

a s

tudi

o de

-si

gner

this

mea

ns th

at s

he s

tudi

es th

e ev

eryd

ay la

ndsc

ape

as a

n or

dere

d en

viro

nmen

t. H

er d

esig

n re

late

s to

this

enc

ompa

ssin

g or

dere

d fa

bric

as

a ge

nera

tive

and

crea

tive

inte

rven

tion.

18 I

n or

der t

o ev

alua

te th

e su

c-ce

ss o

f the

stu

dent

wor

k in

this

stu

dio

we

will

then

nee

d to

see

if th

ey

succ

eede

d in

und

erst

andi

ng, e

xpan

ding

, and

man

ipul

atin

g th

e qu

otid

-ia

n th

emat

ic fo

rms

alon

g D

evon

.

Stud

ent R

espo

nses

The

stud

ents

resp

onde

d to

thes

e is

sues

in d

iver

se w

ays.

They

sug

gest

ed

a va

riety

of s

trat

egie

s to

pro

mot

e de

velo

pmen

t and

cha

nges

alo

ng th

e st

reet

eve

n w

hile

bei

ng s

ensi

tive

to th

e ne

eds

of th

e m

ultip

le s

ocia

l co

nstit

uenc

ies

and

stak

ehol

ders

. The

ir de

sign

s w

ere

not i

mpo

sitio

ns.

Rath

er th

ey a

ttem

pted

allo

wan

ces

for a

dapt

atio

n an

d us

e at

a g

roun

d-up

, gra

ss-r

oots

leve

l. Ce

rtai

n pe

rsis

tent

issu

es a

nd s

trat

egie

s em

erge

d.

Thes

e is

sues

are

cen

tral

to o

ur u

nder

stan

ding

the

role

of d

esig

n pr

ofes

-si

onal

s en

gage

d in

soc

ial e

quity

and

cul

tura

l sen

sitiv

ity.

It is

cle

ar th

at g

iven

the

dem

ogra

phic

het

erog

enei

ty, c

ultu

re s

peci

fic in

-te

rven

tions

will

not

sus

tain

a lo

ng te

rm d

evel

opm

ent p

lan.

Not

onl

y do

pe

ople

and

thei

r cul

ture

cha

nge

over

tim

e, th

e bu

ilt e

nviro

nmen

t too

ha

s cy

cles

of d

eath

and

rene

wal

. New

bui

ldin

gs c

ome

up in

pla

ce o

f old

di

lapi

date

d on

e. S

elec

ted

olde

r bui

ldin

gs a

re c

onse

rved

bec

ause

of t

heir

hist

oric

al v

alue

. New

imm

igra

nts

com

e in

as

imm

igra

tion

tren

ds c

hang

e an

d th

ese

grou

ps h

ave

diffe

rent

cul

tura

l val

ues.

Econ

omic

val

ues

and

busi

ness

pra

ctic

es c

hang

e ov

er ti

me.

In o

rder

to re

tain

the

open

end

ed-

ness

of t

heir

inte

rven

tions

with

out d

ilutin

g th

em in

to u

nive

rsal

ity th

e fo

llow

ing

cent

ral v

alue

s em

erge

d co

llect

ivel

y as

a w

ay to

ach

ieve

a b

al-

ance

d en

d re

sult.

The

Valu

e of

Dep

ende

ncie

s: H

iera

rchi

es o

f dec

isio

n m

akin

gTh

e po

int o

f int

erve

ntio

n an

d th

e de

sign

er’s

role

with

in a

com

plex

hie

r-ar

chy

of d

ecis

ion-

mak

ing

is a

cen

tral

issu

e th

at s

usta

ins

the

cohe

renc

e of

the

vario

us p

roje

cts

in th

is s

tudi

o. T

he h

iera

rchy

of d

ecis

ion

mak

ing

depe

nds

on g

eogr

aphi

cal s

cale

. For

inst

ance

a p

lann

er’s

deci

sion

im-

pact

s po

licy

and

tran

sfor

mat

ion

at re

gion

al, u

rban

and

sub

sidi

ary

scal

es.

An

arch

itect

’s de

cisi

on im

pact

s th

e bu

ildin

g, in

terio

rs, a

nd s

urro

undi

ngs.

The

build

ing

clie

nt h

as th

e po

wer

to tr

ansf

orm

spa

ces

with

in h

is p

rope

r-ty

, but

a s

tore

owne

r who

is le

asin

g sp

ace

has

mor

e lim

ited

cont

rol o

ver

the

inte

riors

of h

is re

ntal

spa

ce. T

hus

the

natu

re o

f int

erve

ntio

n at

eac

h of

thes

e te

lesc

opin

g le

vels

is d

iffer

ent a

nd p

rodu

ces

dist

inct

resu

lts.

Whi

le Jo

di M

asan

z id

ea o

f com

mun

ity a

gric

ultu

re h

as a

nei

ghbo

rhoo

d ap

peal

and

may

cha

nge

the

lifes

tyle

of t

he c

omm

unity

, Tom

Joy’

s de

-si

gn o

f an

inte

ract

ive

build

ing

edge

faça

de is

an

inte

rven

tion

at a

mor

e in

divi

dual

and

hum

an s

cale

. The

form

er is

a v

isio

n th

at is

sus

tain

ed b

y

13 Re

nee C

how.

Subu

rban S

pace:

The F

abric

of Dw

elling

, (Berk

eley:

Unive

rsity

of Ca

liforn

ia Pre

ss, 20

02), p

. 88.

14 Ch

ow’s a

nalys

is of d

wellin

gs co

ncen

trate

on w

ays w

e can

man

ipulat

e fou

r majo

r att

ribute

s duri

ng th

e des

ign pr

oces

s. The

se ar

e acce

ss, or

how

peop

le mo

ve th

rough

the

spac

e, cla

im, o

r how

peop

le es

tablis

h con

trol o

ver s

pace

s, dim

ensio

n, th

e arra

ngem

ent

and s

tructu

re of

the s

ize of

vario

us sp

aces,

and a

ssemb

lage,

how

the s

tructu

re an

d infr

a-str

uctur

e are

put to

geth

er. He

r work

give

s us a

n ide

a how

we c

an in

corpo

rate fl

exibi

lity

and o

pen e

nded

-nes

s into

our d

esign

as w

e orde

r the

built

form.

15 Mi

chel

de Ce

rteau

, The

Prac

tice o

f Eve

ryday

Life,

Trans

lated

by St

even

Rend

all (B

erkele

y: Un

iversi

ty of

Califo

rnia

Press,

1988

): xii.

16 Ch

ow, S

uburb

an Sp

ace,

p. 14

9. 17

Thom

as Hu

bka. “

Just

Folks

Desig

ning:

Vern

acula

r Des

igners

and t

he Ge

nerat

ion of

Form

,” Jou

rnal o

f Arch

itectu

ral Ed

ucati

on 32

(Feb

ruary

1979

), p.29

.

18 Su

ch in

terve

ntion

s can

be se

en in

the d

esign

s of “o

pen b

uildin

gs” a

nd in

the p

rojec

ts do

ne by

the F

ound

ation

for A

rchite

cts Re

searc

h (SA

R).

For a

more

susta

ined d

iscus

sion o

n suc

h a de

sign p

roces

s see

the w

ork of

N. Jo

hn

Habra

ken.

N Jo

hn Ha

brake

n. Str

uctur

e of th

e Ordi

nary:

Form

and C

ontro

l in th

e Buil

t Env

ironm

ent,

Jona

than

Teich

er (ed

itor),

(Cam

bridg

e: MI

T Pres

s, 199

8)N

John

Habra

ken,

J. Boe

kholt

, A., T

hysse

n , an

d P. J.

Dinje

ns. V

ariati

ons: T

he Sy

stema

tic

Desig

n of S

uppo

rts. (C

ambri

dge:

MIT P

ress, 1

976)

Steph

en Ke

ndall

and J

onath

an Te

icher.

Resid

entia

l Ope

n Buil

ding,

(New

York:

E &

FN Sp

on,

2000

)

Arijit Sen 346

portfoilio

01

Arch

itect

ural

Des

ign,

Envir

onm

enta

l Equ

ity an

d Mul

ticul

tura

lism

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 4

polit

icia

ns, p

lann

ers,

com

mun

ity le

ader

s an

d po

licy

mak

ers,

the

latt

er

is im

plem

ente

d by

indi

vidu

al s

tore

owne

rs. T

he fo

rmer

str

esse

s gr

oup

invo

lvem

ent w

hile

the

latt

er e

ncou

rage

s st

oreo

wne

rs to

wor

k w

ithin

lo

cal z

onin

g re

gula

tions

in o

rder

to a

ssem

ble

mod

ular

uni

ts. S

o w

hile

M

asan

z’s a

ppro

ach

tow

ards

cul

ture

cha

nge

is v

ia c

omm

unity

par

ticip

a-tio

n, Jo

y en

cour

ages

face

-to-

face

inte

ract

ion

betw

een

unre

late

d in

di-

vidu

als.

At e

ach

scal

e th

e na

ture

of a

ctiv

ist p

oliti

cs w

ill b

e ve

ry d

iffer

ent.

The

Valu

e of

Gra

in: U

nder

stan

ding

sca

leSc

ale

is th

e se

cond

issu

e th

at fr

amed

mos

t pro

ject

s. Pe

rhap

s th

e m

ost

telli

ng e

xam

ple

is th

at s

ugge

sted

by

Nic

k G

addy

. The

bui

lt en

viro

nmen

t al

ong

Dev

on h

as a

cer

tain

pat

tern

to it

. Thi

s is

aki

n to

pat

tern

s al

ong

a riv

er b

ed. T

he ri

ver b

ed h

as p

artic

ulat

e m

atte

r of s

izes

var

ying

from

a

boul

der,

a st

one,

a p

ebbl

e to

a g

rain

of s

and.

A s

imila

r div

ersi

ty o

f gra

ins

at e

very

sca

le (t

he n

eigh

borh

ood

and

urba

n fa

bric

, the

bui

ldin

g de

tails

an

d in

the

inte

rior s

cale

) allo

ws

for m

ultip

le u

ses,

inte

rpre

tatio

ns a

nd

prac

tices

. An

exam

ple

of g

rain

s al

ong

Dev

on c

an b

e re

ad in

a fi

gure

gr

ound

map

of t

he a

rea.

Thi

s m

ap s

how

s de

nsity

of b

uilt

spac

es a

nd

‘unb

uilt’

or o

pen

spac

es th

at s

omeh

ow fo

llow

a p

atte

rn d

eter

min

ed

by th

e ge

nera

tive

grid

of p

rope

rty

lines

. We

disc

over

that

whi

le th

e fo

otpr

ints

of t

he b

unga

low

s ar

e sm

all,

thos

e of

the

gara

ges

alon

g th

e al

ley

are

smal

ler.

The

foot

prin

ts o

f sto

res

alon

g D

evon

are

larg

er b

ut

narr

ower

and

dee

per.

Alth

ough

in a

map

the

build

ing

“gra

in” a

long

the

reta

il st

reet

see

ms

larg

e, in

real

ity it

is n

ot e

xper

ienc

ed th

is w

ay. O

ver

the

year

s bu

ildin

g ow

ners

hav

e re

nted

out

the

low

er fl

oors

of t

heir

build

ings

to te

nant

s, su

bdiv

idin

g an

d fu

rthe

r sub

divi

ding

the

prim

e re

al

esta

te a

long

the

grou

nd le

vel i

nto

thin

, sliv

ered

slic

es. I

f we

corr

elat

e th

is fi

ner g

rain

ed d

evel

opm

ent w

ith p

rope

rty

valu

es, c

apita

l ava

ilabl

e to

sta

rt n

ew im

mig

rant

bus

ines

ses,

econ

omic

affo

rdab

ility

, and

bus

ines

s tu

rnov

er a

cle

ar p

atte

rn e

mer

ges.

It is

a p

atte

rn th

at R

oger

Wal

ding

er

expl

ains

as

the

inve

rse

of “e

cono

my

of s

cale

s,” “I

f the

pre

vale

nce

of s

elf-

empl

oym

ent a

nd th

e im

port

ance

of s

mal

l bus

ines

s ha

ve d

eclin

ed fo

r th

e po

pula

tion

at la

rge,

they

con

tinue

to b

e po

les

of a

ttra

ctio

n fo

r im

mi-

gran

ts a

nd th

eir d

esce

ndan

ts. H

isto

rical

ly, i

mm

igra

nts

have

gra

vita

ted

tow

ard

smal

l bus

ines

s: in

turn

of t

he c

entu

ry N

ew Y

ork,

it w

as n

ot o

nly

in

the

pett

y tr

ades

of p

eddl

ing

and

huck

ster

ing

that

the

fore

ign-

born

wer

e ov

er-r

epre

sent

ed, b

ut a

lso

amon

g ‘m

anuf

actu

rers

and

offi

cial

s,’ ‘m

er-

chan

ts a

nd d

eale

rs,’ a

nd o

ther

pro

prie

tary

occ

upat

ions

. Sm

all e

nter

pris

e pl

ayed

an

impo

rtan

t rol

e in

the

econ

omic

pro

gres

s of

a v

arie

ty o

f im

mi-

gran

t gro

ups

that

impl

ante

d th

emse

lves

in b

usin

ess

then

- Je

ws,

Ital-

ians

, Gre

eks,

and

othe

rs -

and

thei

r pro

port

iona

lly h

ighe

r inv

olve

men

t in

entr

epre

neur

ial a

ctiv

ities

con

tinue

s to

diff

eren

tiate

thes

e gr

oups

from

m

uch

of th

e na

tive

popu

latio

n.”19

For

inst

ance

as

the

new

Sou

th A

sian

im

mig

rant

s co

ncen

trat

e al

ong

Dev

on A

venu

e, th

e st

ore

size

s ge

t nar

-ro

wer

and

ther

e is

qui

ck tu

rnov

er in

the

busi

ness

es. I

n ad

ditio

n si

mila

r

busi

ness

es g

ravi

tate

and

pro

duce

agg

lom

erat

ions

of s

imila

r sto

res.

Thus

on

e se

es a

clu

ster

of j

ewel

ry s

tore

s se

lling

a v

arie

ty o

f jew

elry

rang

ing

from

hig

h en

d ex

pens

ive

good

s to

che

ap h

and

mad

e tr

inke

ts. W

aldi

nger

ar

gues

that

sm

alle

r sho

ps c

reat

e co

nditi

ons

for u

pwar

d m

obili

ty. A

new

im

mig

rant

initi

ally

affo

rds

a sm

alle

r pre

mis

e, o

ver t

he y

ears

gat

hers

en

ough

cap

ital t

o gr

ow in

to la

rger

sto

res,

and

then

fina

lly d

iver

sifie

s an

d ad

ds s

tore

s an

d br

anch

es in

sub

urbi

a. S

uch

is th

e st

ory

of P

atel

Bro

ther

s, a

groc

ery

stor

e th

at s

tart

ed s

mal

l on

Dev

on (2

034

W. D

evon

Ave

nue)

in

1974

. It i

s no

w a

nat

iona

l cha

in w

ith 4

0 st

ores

in 2

0 st

ates

. Gad

dy m

oved

to

env

isio

n a

finer

gra

in o

f sm

alle

r spa

ces

that

may

be

rent

ed o

ut to

sm

alle

r ven

dors

. He

plan

ned

them

as

shor

t alle

ys p

erpe

ndic

ular

to th

e m

ain

stre

et. T

hese

spa

ces

may

be

expa

nsio

ns o

f adj

oini

ng s

tore

s, si

tes

for n

ew v

endo

rs a

nd e

mer

ging

sm

alle

r bus

ines

ses,

or a

n ar

cade

d th

or-

ough

fare

con

nect

ing

the

back

alle

ys to

Dev

on A

venu

e. In

sert

ing

this

fin

er g

rain

judi

ciou

sly

will

acc

omm

odat

e sm

all b

usin

esse

s, sp

urt g

row

th

and

allo

w a

cces

s (t

o re

sour

ces)

to a

wid

er g

roup

of i

mm

igra

nt e

ntre

pre-

neur

s.

The

Valu

e of

Pat

tern

s: P

arts

and

who

le

Patt

erns

that

pro

duce

the

built

env

ironm

ent o

ffer s

igni

fican

t way

s of

un

ders

tand

ing

the

mat

eria

l wor

ld a

roun

d us

. Pat

tern

s no

t onl

y ex

plai

n th

e lo

gic

and

stru

ctur

e of

the

who

le b

ut th

ey a

lso

help

us

unde

rsta

nd

the

hier

arch

y of

par

ts th

at a

re a

ssem

bled

in o

rder

to p

rodu

ce th

e en

-tir

ety.

Pat

tern

s ca

n be

form

al a

s Ad

rian

show

s in

her

des

ign.

She

use

s a

serie

s of

form

al a

nd a

rchi

tect

ural

ele

men

ts to

ass

embl

e an

arm

atur

e.

This

arm

atur

e al

low

s fo

r fut

ure

adap

tatio

n by

indi

vidu

als

and

grou

ps v

ia

a se

cond

ary

syst

em o

f par

ts th

at c

an b

e ch

ange

d an

d m

anip

ulat

ed. H

er

deve

lopm

ent o

f the

alle

y bo

rrow

s its

logi

c fr

om C

hris

toph

er A

lexa

nder

’s fa

mou

s es

say “

The

City

is n

ot a

Tre

e,” w

here

the

auth

or a

rgue

s fo

r a s

emi-

latt

iced

com

plex

str

uctu

re w

ith o

verla

ps a

nd c

ompl

ex s

yste

ms.20

Hab

rake

n ar

gues

that

them

atic

and

sys

tem

ic p

atte

rns

are

soci

al c

on-

trac

ts b

ecau

se th

ey a

re re

cogn

ized

and

und

erst

ood

by p

eopl

e w

ho

use

them

.21 T

hem

atic

dev

elop

men

t and

tran

sfor

mat

ion,

to H

abra

ken

is

soci

al: “

the

them

e al

low

s us

to c

onne

ct to

oth

ers.

Som

eone

els

e, re

cog-

nizi

ng th

e th

eme,

will

kno

w w

hat w

e ar

e tr

ying

to d

o. T

his

link

enab

les

us to

wor

k to

geth

er o

nce

the

them

e em

erge

s in

the

proc

ess.”

22 G

rain

an

d de

pend

ency

hie

rarc

hies

ope

rate

in c

ahoo

ts w

ith th

emat

ic p

atte

rns.

A g

ood

exam

ple

of th

e us

eful

ness

of p

atte

rns

as fr

amew

orks

for d

esig

n ca

n be

see

n in

the

desi

gn p

ropo

sal b

y Br

adle

y W

ilk. H

e ta

kes

the

para

llel

wal

ls o

f the

pre

mis

es a

long

Dev

on a

s a

poin

t of d

epar

ture

. Coi

ncid

ing

with

pro

pert

y lin

es, t

hese

wal

ls a

re li

ke c

onta

iner

s se

para

ting

the

dif-

fere

nt s

tore

s. Ye

t thr

ough

a s

erie

s of

them

atic

man

ipul

atio

ns o

f the

se

para

llel w

alls

he

succ

eeds

in p

rodu

cing

diff

eren

tiate

d zo

nes

of tr

ansi

-tio

n be

twee

n ou

tsid

e an

d in

side

. The

se la

yers

of s

pace

s pe

rpen

dicu

lar

19 Ro

ger W

alding

er, “Im

migra

nt en

terpri

se: A

critiq

ue an

d refo

rmula

tion,”

Theo

ry an

d So

ciety

15 (J

anua

ry, 19

86):2

49-2

85.

20 Ch

ristop

her A

lexan

der, “

The C

ity is

not a

Tree,”

Desig

n 206

(Feb

ruary

1966

): 46-

55.

21 N

John

Habra

ken,

“The

Contr

ol of

Comp

lexity

,” Plac

es 4 (

1987

): 3-1

5.

22 Ha

brake

n, “C

omple

xity,”

p. 6.

Arijit Sen 347

portfoilio

01

Arch

itect

ural

Des

ign,

Envir

onm

enta

l Equ

ity an

d Mul

ticul

tura

lism

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 5

to th

e st

reet

cre

ate

smal

ler s

ub-z

ones

that

bre

ak u

p th

e ex

perie

nce

of

ente

ring

the

stor

es in

to fi

ner m

omen

ts. F

or in

stan

ce, b

y cu

ttin

g in

to th

e w

alls

he

crea

tes

a co

lonn

aded

arc

ade.

Aft

er a

vis

itor p

asse

s th

e ar

cade

on

her

way

into

the

stor

e, s

he e

xper

ienc

es a

sho

rt s

pace

that

act

s as

a

tran

sitio

nal s

pace

. The

se o

verla

ppin

g la

yers

, pro

duce

d by

man

ipul

atio

n of

the

part

s (p

arty

wal

ls, i

n th

is c

ase)

are

mor

e pu

blic

nea

r the

str

eet a

nd

they

end

up

on th

e al

ley-

side

as

cont

rolle

d an

d im

pene

trab

le z

ones

. Bu

t the

re is

mor

e to

it. T

hese

sm

all p

arts

whe

n pu

t tog

ethe

r cha

nge

the

expe

rienc

e of

the

entir

e st

reet

pro

duci

ng th

e de

sign

ed e

ffect

(of p

arts

de

term

inin

g th

e w

hole

) for

the

stud

ent.

The

Valu

e of

Infr

astr

uctu

re: S

trat

egie

s an

d ta

ctic

s of

the

in-b

etw

een

Infr

astr

uctu

re h

ere

refe

rs to

the

conn

ectiv

e tis

sue,

the

spac

e in

-bet

wee

n th

at jo

ins

disp

arat

e el

emen

ts in

the

built

env

ironm

ent.

It is

the

“thi

rd-

spac

e” th

at is

oft

en ig

nore

d w

hen

we

are

blin

ded

by d

iale

ctic

al o

ppos

i-tio

ns s

uch

as in

side

/out

side

, hom

e/w

orld

, priv

ate/

publ

ic, s

tree

t/st

ore,

m

ale/

fem

ale.

Inci

dent

ally

, the

se s

pace

s ar

e al

so s

pace

s of

flow

s an

d fa

st

mov

emen

t – o

f peo

ple,

goo

ds, e

nerg

y, re

sour

ces,

com

mun

icat

ion

and

med

ia im

ages

. In

rece

nt u

rban

geo

grap

hy s

chol

arsh

ip th

e em

erge

nce

of th

e in

-bet

wee

n ca

n be

trac

ed to

Soj

a an

d Sa

ssen

, but

ant

hrop

olog

ists

w

orki

ng o

n so

cial

beh

avio

r and

com

mun

ities

hav

e de

scrib

ed th

e im

por-

tanc

e of

lim

inal

spa

ce in

the

past

.23 T

he u

niqu

e lo

catio

n of

this

spa

ce –

be

twix

t and

bet

wee

n –

allo

ws

for d

isso

nant

use

and

ado

ptio

n by

use

rs.

Beca

use

it co

nnec

ts m

ore

that

one

thin

g, th

e sp

ace

of in

fras

truc

ture

can

be

par

t of m

ore

than

one

dom

ain.

The

in-b

etw

eenn

ess

can

spaw

n ne

w

idea

s an

d hy

brid

use

s as

we

see

in A

dria

n’s

proj

ect.

Adria

n’s

proj

ect i

s a

good

exa

mpl

e of

usi

ng th

e sp

ace

in-b

etw

een

to

enco

urag

e gr

ass

root

s ac

tivis

m a

nd s

ocia

l equ

ity. S

he jo

ins

the

man

y qu

otid

ian

and

pede

stria

n sp

aces

in th

e liv

es o

f loc

al M

uslim

resi

dent

s –

the

fam

ily d

ispe

nsar

ies,

salo

ns, r

elig

ious

boo

ksto

res,

groc

ery

stor

es

carr

ying

relig

ious

ly s

anct

ione

d fo

od, m

osqu

es, r

esid

entia

l apa

rtm

ent

build

ings

, and

gre

en s

pace

s –

via

side

wal

ks a

nd b

ack

alle

ys. T

his

net-

wor

k of

alle

ys a

cts

as in

fras

truc

ture

; not

just

in th

e se

nse

of p

rovi

ding

a

serv

ice

corr

idor

but

als

o as

a c

onne

ctiv

e tis

sue

rela

ting

disp

arat

e sp

aces

w

ithin

the

hom

e-ra

nge

of lo

cal r

esid

ents

. She

rela

tes “

syst

ems

of a

ctiv

i-tie

s” to

“sys

tem

s of

set

tings

.”24

The

help

and

sup

port

of m

any

indi

vidu

als

wer

e ce

ntra

l to

the

succ

ess

of th

is s

tudi

o an

d m

y st

uden

ts a

nd I

than

k th

em fo

r the

ir he

lp. S

peci

al

than

ks to

Mar

ibet

h Br

ewer

, Gre

g Br

ewer

, Irv

ing

Loun

dy, D

orot

hie

Shah

, A

mie

Zan

der,

Mar

cia

Her

man

sen,

Tau

sif M

alik

, Sad

rudd

in N

oora

ni, L

or-

rain

e Sw

anso

n, R

ose

Pow

ers,

and

othe

r com

mun

ity m

embe

rs fo

r the

ir su

ppor

t and

hel

p. T

he g

ener

ous

supp

ort o

f Cha

ir Ke

vin

Fors

eth

and

Ass

ista

nt D

ean

Stev

e H

eidt

hel

ped

us m

ake

mul

tiple

trip

s to

Chi

cago

. W

e th

ank

the

follo

win

g st

uden

ts a

nd fa

culty

at t

he S

choo

l of A

rchi

tec-

ture

and

Pla

nnin

g w

ho re

view

ed th

e pr

ojec

ts a

nd s

pend

tim

e w

ith u

s as

con

sulta

nts:

Cai

tlin

Boyl

e, C

hris

Cor

neliu

s, N

atha

n Cu

rrie

r Gro

h, S

arah

D

ieric

x, C

assi

e H

ibbe

rt, J

udith

Ken

ny, I

saac

Men

yoli,

Ber

nard

Per

ley,

Br

ian

Pete

rson

, Kya

ti Ra

thod

, Am

eya

Redk

ar, C

hris

tine

Scot

t Tho

mso

n,

Man

u So

bti,

Kyle

Tal

bott

, NJ U

naka

, Jeff

Wel

ch, J

erry

Wie

sman

, Lar

ry

Witz

ling,

and

Mau

reen

Zel

l.

We

are

grat

eful

.

23 Ed

ward

W. So

ja, Th

irdsp

ace:

Journe

ys to

Los A

ngele

s and

Othe

r Rea

l-and

-Imag

ined

Places

, (New

York:

Wile

y-Bla

ckwe

ll, 19

96).

Homi

Bhab

ha, T

he Lo

catio

n of C

ulture

, (New

York:

Routl

edge

, 200

4).

Saski

a Sas

sen,

Territo

ry, Au

thorit

y, Righ

ts: Fr

om M

ediev

al to

Globa

l Asse

mblag

es, (P

rinc-

eton:

Princ

eton U

nivers

ity Pr

ess, 2

008)

Fredri

k Bart

h, Eth

nic Gr

oups

and B

ound

aries,

(Lon

g Grov

e: W

avela

nd Pr

ess, 1

988 e

d.)Vic

tor Tu

rner,

Dram

as, F

ields

, and

Meta

phors

: Sym

bolic

Actio

n in H

uman

Socie

ty, (It

haca

: Co

rnell

Univ

ersity

Pres

s, 197

5).

Jeff W

eintra

ub an

d Kris

han K

umar,

Publi

c and

Priva

te in

Thou

ght a

nd Pr

actic

e: Pe

rspec

tives

on a

Gran

d Dich

otomy

, (Chic

ago:

Unive

rsity

of Ch

icago

Pres

s, 199

7).

Arjun

Appa

durai

, “Glob

al Eth

nosca

pes:

Notes

and Q

uerie

s for

a Tran

snati

onal

Anth

ropol-

ogy,”

in Re

captu

ring A

nthrop

ology

: Work

ing in

the P

resen

t. Edit

ed by

Rich

ard G.

Fox.

(San

ta Fe

: Sch

ool o

f Ame

rican

Rese

arch P

ress, 1

991)

: 191

-210

.

24 Th

e sys

tems o

f acti

vities

and s

ystem

s of s

etting

s are

discu

ssed i

n deta

il by A

mos

Rapo

port

in th

e foll

owing

artic

le.Am

os Ra

popo

rt, “S

ystem

s of A

ctivit

ies an

d Sys

tems o

f Sett

ings,”

In Do

mesti

c Arch

itectu

re an

d the

Use o

f Spa

ce: An

Inter

discip

linar

y Cros

s-Cult

ural S

tudy.

Edite

d by S

usan

Kent.

(Ca

mbrid

ge, U

K: Ca

mbrid

ge U

nivers

ity Pr

ess, 1

990)

: 9-2

0.

Arijit Sen 348

portfoilio

Arijit Sen 349

portfoilio

02

Susta

inab

le Ag

ricul

ture

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 1

The

aver

age

food

item

trav

els

1,50

0 m

iles

to o

ur p

late

. With

the

risin

g co

sts

of fu

el, t

his

curr

ent m

odel

is in

effici

ent w

hen

we

can

prod

uce

food

in

our

ow

n ba

ckya

rds.

Beh

ind

the

row

s of

his

toric

al b

unga

low

hou

ses

and

apar

tmen

ts in

the

Dev

on A

venu

e ne

ighb

orho

od li

es a

real

m o

f clu

t-te

red

serv

ice

spac

e th

at p

rovi

des

an o

ppor

tuni

ty fo

r sus

tain

able

food

pr

oduc

tion.

By

grow

ing

thei

r ow

n fo

od in

thei

r ow

n ba

ck y

ards

mem

-be

rs o

f the

Dev

on A

venu

e ne

ighb

orho

od w

ill b

ridge

cul

tura

l and

age

bo

unda

ries,

build

a s

tron

g ne

ighb

orho

od, a

nd li

ve a

hea

lthy

sust

aina

ble

lifes

tyle

.

My

end

visi

on fo

r Dev

on A

venu

e is

an

urba

n ag

ricul

ture

bui

ldin

g on

D

evon

Ave

nue

that

can

pro

vide

the

com

mun

ity w

ith s

usta

inab

le fo

od

all y

ear r

ound

. H

owev

er, t

he p

roje

ct d

etai

led

here

dem

onst

rate

s th

e po

ssib

ilitie

s of

an

inte

rmed

iate

com

mun

ity g

arde

n ph

ase

that

will

spu

r th

e in

tere

st fo

r an

urba

n ag

ricul

ture

bui

ldin

g.

Sust

aina

ble

Agr

icul

ture

: Br

inging

loca

l food

prod

uctio

n to D

evon

Aven

ueby

Jodi

Masa

nz

Figu

re 2.

Bung

alows

and b

ack a

lleys

Prop

osal

: Pro

gres

sive

use

of a

lley

spac

es fo

r loc

al u

r-ba

n ag

ricu

ltur

e th

at e

ncou

rage

s co

mm

unit

y in

tera

ctio

n an

d he

alth

y lif

esty

les

for a

ll lo

cal r

esid

ents

.

Conc

ept:

Com

mun

ity

orga

niza

tion

and

soci

al e

quit

y

Visi

on: C

omm

unit

y en

gage

men

t in

gras

sroo

ts a

ctiv

-is

m e

stab

lishe

s co

mm

unit

y ga

rden

s an

d de

velo

ps in

to a

su

stai

nabl

e fo

od p

rodu

ctio

n an

d di

stri

buti

on s

yste

m fo

r lo

cal r

esid

ents

.

Figu

re 1.

Fina

l visi

on of

an ur

ban a

gricu

lture

build

ing an

d a fa

rmer

s mar

ket o

n Dev

on Av

enue

Arijit Sen 350

portfoilio

02

Susta

inab

le Ag

ricul

ture

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 2

Figu

re 4.

The c

urre

nt sc

hools

and g

reen

spac

e on D

evon

Aven

ue

2009

Dev

on A

venu

e

Bris

k Ac

adem

y-Ye

shiv

as B

risk

Han

na S

acks

Bai

s Ya

akov

Hig

h Sc

hool

Luba

vitc

h G

irls

Hig

h Sc

hool

Jew

ish

Child

and

Fa

mily

Ser

vice

sID

A C

row

n Je

w-

ish

Acad

emy

Kesh

et H

igh

Scho

ol T

rans

ition

Luba

vitc

h M

esiv

ta o

f Chi

cago

Haj

irah

Educ

atio

n Pr

ogra

m

Eagl

es W

ings

Urb

an A

cade

my

Stua

rt G

Fer

st S

choo

l

Bnos

Rab

bein

u H

igh

Scho

ol

Wes

tern

Ave

nue

Calif

orni

a Av

enue

Boon

e El

emen

tary

Sch

ool

N

Figu

re 3.

Resid

ents

of di

ffere

nt cu

lture

s wor

king t

oget

her in

the g

arde

n

Arijit Sen 351

portfoilio

02

Susta

inab

le Ag

ricul

ture

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 3

Figu

re 5.

A se

ries o

f diag

ram

s sho

ws ho

w ba

ckya

rd ga

rden

s in a

sam

ple bl

ock c

ould

grow

over

tim

e, sta

rt ble

nding

toge

ther,

and e

vent

ually

take

over

the a

lley c

orrid

or of

neigh

borh

ood b

locks

.

Sam

ple

Bloc

k

Rockwell Street

Maplewood Avenue

Rockwell Street

Maplewood Avenue

Rockwell Street

Maplewood Avenue

Indo

or F

arm

ers

Mar

ket

PHAS

E 1PH

ASE 2

PHAS

E 3

Dev

on A

venu

e

= Ex

istin

g Bu

ildin

g

= A

rea

for F

arm

er’s

Mar

ket

= G

arde

ns

= St

ruct

ure

= N

ew D

rivew

ays

Arijit Sen 352

portfoilio

02

Susta

inab

le Ag

ricul

ture

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 4

Soci

al E

quit

y an

d Ec

onom

ic D

evel

opm

ent

Acco

rdin

g to

the

Am

eric

an C

omm

unity

Gar

dene

rs A

ssoc

iatio

n, a

com

-m

unity

gar

den

can:

Im

prov

e th

e qu

ality

of l

ife fo

r peo

ple

in th

e ga

rden

, pr

ovid

e a

cata

lyst

for n

eigh

borh

ood

and

com

mun

ity d

evel

opm

ent,

stim

ulat

e so

cial

inte

ract

ion,

enc

oura

ge s

elf-r

elia

nce,

bea

utify

nei

ghbo

r-ho

ods,

prod

uce

nutr

itiou

s fo

ods,

redu

ce fa

mily

food

bud

gets

, con

serv

e re

sour

ces,

redu

ce c

rime,

pre

serv

e gr

eens

pace

, cre

ate

inco

me

oppo

rtu-

nitie

s an

d ec

onom

ic d

evel

opm

ent,

prov

ide

oppo

rtun

ities

for i

nter

gen-

erat

iona

l and

cro

ss-c

ultu

ral o

ppor

tuni

ties,

and

crea

te o

ppor

tuni

ties

for

recr

eatio

n, e

xerc

ise,

ther

apy,

and

edu

catio

n.

With

a fa

rmer

s m

arke

t, th

e ne

ighb

orho

ods

of D

evon

Ave

nue

wou

ld

have

an

incr

ease

d ec

onom

ic in

tere

st in

Dev

on A

venu

e, a

nd lo

cally

gr

own

food

wou

ld p

rovi

de a

hea

lthy

stab

le s

ourc

e of

food

for t

he c

om-

mun

ity. B

y pr

ovid

ing

indi

vidu

als

and

fam

ilies

the

econ

omic

adv

anta

ge

of g

row

ing,

sel

ling

and

cons

umin

g fo

od, w

e ca

n de

cent

raliz

e an

d di

s-tr

ibut

e w

ealth

eve

nly

in th

is n

eigh

borh

ood.

We

can

also

pro

vide

equ

al

oppo

rtun

ities

of d

evel

opm

ent,

grow

th a

nd w

ellb

eing

to a

vas

t cro

ss

sect

ion

of lo

cal r

esid

ents

.

Ther

e ar

e tw

o or

derin

g el

emen

ts th

at d

icta

te in

terv

entio

ns in

this

are

a - p

rope

rty

lines

and

city

pro

pert

y (t

he a

lleyw

ays)

. Be

caus

e th

is is

an

exis

ting

resi

dent

ial n

eigh

borh

ood,

and

ther

e ar

e ex

istin

g pr

oper

ty li

nes

whi

ch s

houl

d be

resp

ecte

d to

mai

ntai

n pr

ivat

e ow

ners

hip

right

s. In

ad

ditio

n to

thes

e ex

istin

g bo

unda

ries,

expa

nded

alle

ys p

rovi

de a

gre

at

pote

ntia

l for

nei

ghbo

rhoo

d de

velo

pmen

t. T

his

expa

nded

alle

yway

be

com

es th

e he

art o

f the

com

mun

ity g

arde

n w

hile

the

prop

erty

line

s be

com

e a

tran

sitio

n zo

ne b

etw

een

the

neig

hbor

s as

wel

l as

a fo

rm o

f ac

cess

ont

o th

e ga

rden

.Fi

gure

8. St

ay at

hom

e mom

wor

king w

ith ki

ds in

gard

en

Figu

re 6.

Form

of th

e dev

elopm

ent

Exis

ting

Boun

darie

s:1.

The

alle

y2.

Pro

pert

y lin

es

1.

2.

Expa

nd th

e A

lley

by 1

0ft.

on e

ach

side

Priv

acy

Gra

dien

t:

Com

mun

ity

Tran

sitio

n

Publ

ic

Publ

ic/P

rivat

e

Hou

ses

Figu

re 7.

A co

mpa

rison

betw

een w

hat y

ou ca

n gro

w an

d how

muc

h stru

cture

is

need

ed to

grow

it. E

vent

ually

, eve

ryth

ing ca

n be g

rown

in on

e stru

cture

Products Structure

2009

2014

2024

2034

2044

2069

Arijit Sen 353

portfoilio

02

Susta

inab

le Ag

ricul

ture

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 5

APRIL

JULY

OCTOBER

APRIL

JULY

OCTOBER

Bene

fit: I

mpr

oved

Eco

logi

cal B

alan

ce

Wat

er: B

ased

on

the

slop

e of

the

land

wat

er c

an b

e dr

aine

d in

to ra

in b

ar-

rels

and

then

pum

ped

up to

irrig

ate

the

gard

en w

hen

ther

e is

litt

le ra

in.

Win

d: W

ind

pow

er g

ener

ator

can

be

plac

ed a

t key

poi

nts

in th

e st

ruc-

ture

to g

ener

ate

pow

er to

pum

p w

ater

for i

rrig

atio

n an

d pr

ovid

e ni

ght

secu

rity

light

ing.

Sun:

The

firs

t ste

p to

war

ds c

reat

ing

a co

mm

unity

gar

den

in th

e bl

ocks

of

Dev

on A

venu

e is

to id

entif

y th

e ar

eas

that

get

the

mos

t con

sist

ent s

un

expo

sure

dur

ing

Chic

ago’

s gr

owin

g se

ason

(Apr

il-O

ctob

er).

This

dia

gram

sh

ows

the

diffe

renc

e be

twee

n th

e ex

istin

g ga

rage

s in

the

back

yar

ds

and

wha

t wou

ld h

appe

n if

the

gara

ges

wer

e ta

ken

away

. As

you

can

see,

w

hen

the

shad

ow s

tudi

es a

re o

verla

id, r

emov

ing

the

gara

ges

wou

ld

reve

al a

long

spi

ne o

f con

sist

ent g

row

ing

area

.Fi

gure

10. A

shad

ow st

udy w

ithou

t gar

ages

Figu

re 9.

A sh

adow

stud

y with

gara

ges

Arijit Sen 354

portfoilio

02

Susta

inab

le Ag

ricul

ture

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 6

Bene

fit: C

ircu

lati

on a

nd A

dded

Acc

essi

bilit

y

Pede

stria

n Ac

cess

:Th

e ga

rden

itse

lf ca

n pr

ovid

e m

ultip

le fo

rms

of c

ircul

atio

n: fi

rst,

the

path

aro

und

the

gard

en w

here

all

neig

hbor

s ca

n w

alk

arou

nd;

sec-

ond,

the

wal

kway

up

to a

nd a

cros

s th

e ga

rden

; thi

rd, t

he p

aths

with

in

the

gard

ens;

and

four

th, t

he s

tone

pat

hs w

ithin

the

gard

en b

eds.

The

ga

rden

bed

s ca

n al

so b

e di

vide

d up

alo

ng th

ese

lines

to c

reat

e la

rger

or

sm

alle

r plo

ts.

Figu

re 11

. Circ

ulatio

n thr

ough

the g

arde

n

Figu

re 12

. Pot

entia

l par

king s

ites

Add

an a

dditi

onal

8 s

pace

s at

the

nort

h en

d of

the

bloc

k

Use

the

new

par

king

ram

pSh

are

a dr

ivew

ay b

etw

een

two

hous

es

Mov

e ga

rage

s to

att

ach

to th

e ho

uses

Prim

ary

Circ

ulat

ion

Sec

onda

ry C

ircul

atio

nTe

rtia

ry C

ircul

atio

n4t

h C

ircul

atio

n

Bicy

cle

and

Skat

eboa

rd A

cces

s:

Car A

cces

s:Pa

rkin

g ca

n ei

ther

be

dive

rted

to a

new

sid

e pa

rkin

g lo

t at t

he e

nd o

f th

e bl

ock,

the

park

ing

ram

p, o

r, th

e ga

rage

s ca

n be

mov

ed to

the

back

of

the

hous

es.

= Ci

ty o

f Chi

cago

reco

mm

ende

d tr

avel

rout

es

= St

udy

bloc

k in

rela

tions

hip

to tr

avel

rout

es

Arijit Sen 355

portfoilio

02

Susta

inab

le Ag

ricul

ture

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 7

Bene

fit: A

dded

Com

mun

ity

Inte

ract

ions

To g

et th

e co

mm

unity

inte

rest

ed in

sus

tain

able

gar

deni

ng w

e w

ould

beg

in w

ith th

e sc

hool

child

ren

and

inte

grat

e ed

ucat

ion

with

a c

omm

unity

gar

den

in e

xist

ing

gree

n sp

ace.

As

kids

le

arn

how

to g

arde

n an

d th

e be

nefit

s of

eat

ing

fres

h, lo

cally

gr

own

food

, the

y w

ill b

ring

that

kno

wle

dge

back

to th

eir

hom

es.

Fam

ilies

will

beg

in g

arde

ning

in th

eir o

wn

gard

ens.

Th

is u

ses

the

sam

e m

odel

as

recy

clin

g in

the

1980

’s. A

s ci

tizen

s be

com

e co

mfo

rtab

le w

ith g

arde

ning

thei

r gar

dens

can

gro

w

to p

rodu

ce e

ven

mor

e fo

od. E

vent

ually

, nei

ghbo

rs’ g

arde

ns c

an

run

toge

ther

and

nei

ghbo

rs c

an b

e re

spon

sibl

e fo

r gar

deni

ng

them

toge

ther

.

A fa

rmer

s m

arke

t wou

ld s

tart

on

Dev

on A

venu

e an

d gr

ow a

s lo

cal g

arde

ning

gro

ws.

Ove

r tim

e th

e pr

oduc

tion,

dis

trib

utio

n an

d co

nsum

ptio

n pr

oces

ses

can

be c

onso

lidat

ed a

t the

blo

ck

and

stre

et le

vel c

reat

ing

new

pub

lic s

pace

s, co

mm

unity

re-

sour

ces

and

urba

n pr

ojec

ts.

The

mai

n ga

rden

spi

ne ta

kes

over

the

old

gara

ges

and

is

cros

sed

by th

e pr

oper

ty li

nes.

Thes

e po

ints

bec

ome

whe

re

peop

le e

nter

and

exi

t the

gar

den.

The

pat

h go

ing

arou

nd th

e ga

rden

bec

omes

and

inte

rmed

iary

zon

e be

twee

n th

e ga

rden

an

d pr

ivat

e pr

oper

ty th

at h

as b

ench

es, p

oten

tial g

row

ing

ter-

race

s, or

pra

irie

gras

s.

Figu

re 14

. A pl

an vi

ew sh

owing

the g

arde

n str

uctu

re in

the b

acky

ards

.

Figu

re 17

. In th

e wint

er th

e gar

den c

an be

cov-

ered

to be

com

e a ye

ar ro

und g

reen

hous

e

Figu

re 15

. The

mor

ning s

unris

e ove

r the

gard

en.

Figu

re 16

. Walk

ing al

ong t

he pa

th du

ring t

he da

y

Figu

re 13

. Neig

hbor

s wor

king i

n the

gard

en

Arijit Sen 356

portfoilio

02

Susta

inab

le Ag

ricul

ture

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 8

Conc

lusi

on: A

dded

flex

ibili

ty a

nd A

dapt

ive

Reus

e

For t

he g

arde

n st

ruct

ure

to b

e su

cces

sful

it n

eeds

to b

e ve

rsat

ile a

nd

flexi

ble.

Ins

tead

of b

eing

one

long

str

uctu

re if

can

be

a m

odul

ar s

yste

m

that

can

be

hook

ed to

geth

er o

r sta

nd a

lone

and

acc

omm

odat

e m

any

diffe

rent

func

tions

.

Onc

e th

e m

odul

e is

pla

ced

in e

ach

bloc

k, it

can

be

adju

sted

to th

e na

ture

and

cha

ract

er o

f tha

t blo

ck. T

his

will

sus

tain

and

em

phas

ize

the

uniq

ue v

ertic

al g

rain

see

n in

thes

e bl

ocks

.

Form

of t

he g

arde

n tr

uss:

A tr

uss

syst

em is

the

mai

n st

ruct

ure

of th

e ga

rden

. The

form

of t

he tr

uss

syst

em re

sults

from

impo

sing

the

figur

es o

f the

two

mai

n bu

ildin

g ty

pes

in th

e ne

ighb

orho

od –

the

hous

e an

d th

e ap

artm

ent.

The

str

uctu

ral

mem

bers

are

then

add

ed a

nd in

timat

e sp

ace

carv

ed o

ut.

Diff

eren

t str

at-

egie

s ca

n be

em

ploy

ed in

the

mod

ule

such

as

carv

ing

into

the

grou

nd

spac

e or

exp

andi

ng it

.

CARV

ED

iffer

ent p

arts

of t

he m

odul

es g

roun

d ca

n be

car

ved

out t

o ex

tend

per

sona

l pro

pert

y

ExTE

ND

The

gard

en s

truc

ture

and

the

grou

nd s

ur-

face

can

be

exte

nded

into

oth

er z

ones

to

crea

te m

ore

room

for m

ultip

le p

upos

es, e

i-th

er fo

r mor

e ga

rden

spa

ce o

r a p

atio

n et

c.

Play

grou

nds

can

be lo

cate

d as

nec

essa

ry to

re

spon

d to

diff

eren

t age

gro

ups

Inte

rstit

ial r

elig

ious

spa

ces

can

be c

reat

ed

by e

xten

ding

cer

tain

bay

s

Figu

re 18

. For

m of

the t

russ

1. T

he b

asic

form

of t

he a

part

men

ts in

th

e ne

ighb

orho

od2.

The

bas

ic fo

rm o

f the

hou

ses

in th

e ne

ighb

orho

od3.

The

form

s of

the

hous

es a

nd a

part

-m

ents

impo

sed

on e

ach

othe

r and

str

uc-

tura

l mem

bers

add

es

4. S

truc

tura

l mem

bers

are

ext

ende

d, a

ngle

d, o

r dro

pped

to c

reat

e m

ore

intim

ate

spac

es

Figu

re 19

. Exa

mple

s of h

ow th

e tru

ss ca

n be c

hang

ed to

ac

com

mod

ate s

pecifi

c use

s

Arijit Sen 357

portfoilio

03

Laye

rs: T

he Fr

amew

ork o

f Int

erac

tion

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 1

The

built

env

ironm

ent i

s m

ade

up o

f var

ious

link

ing,

ove

rlapp

ing,

and

la

yerin

g sp

aces

. Pu

blic

spa

ces

are

ofte

n as

soci

ated

with

larg

e ou

tdoo

r sq

uare

s an

d po

ints

of c

omm

unity

inte

ract

ion.

Dev

on A

venu

e co

ntai

ns

the

char

acte

ristic

s of

a p

ublic

zon

e w

hen

vario

us a

ctiv

ities

and

cul

ture

s co

exis

t on

the

stre

et.

Priv

ate

spac

es, s

uch

as th

e al

ley

syst

em b

ehin

d th

e sh

ops

and

the

hom

es in

the

neig

hbor

hood

, con

tras

t the

se p

ublic

sp

aces

. Be

twee

n th

ese

extr

emes

of p

ublic

and

priv

ate

are

inte

rmed

iate

an

d la

yere

d zo

nes,

such

as:

med

ians

, cur

b ed

ges,

side

wal

k, fr

ont y

ards

, fr

ont p

orch

es, e

ntry

way

s, ho

mes

, bac

kyar

ds, a

nd a

lleyw

ays.

The

se

grad

ient

spa

ces

give

use

rs in

form

atio

n ab

out t

heir

posi

tion

in th

e bu

ilt

envi

ronm

ent a

nd in

form

wha

t act

ivite

s ar

e ap

prop

riate

in w

hich

spa

ces.

The

stru

ctur

al fr

amew

ork

of p

ublic

and

priv

ate

on D

evon

sho

uld

be

enha

nced

by

incr

easi

ng th

e ca

paci

ty fo

r int

erm

edia

te s

pace

s th

roug

h pl

anne

d de

velo

pmen

t on

the

stre

et.

Laye

ring

: The

Fram

ewor

k of In

tera

ction

by Br

adley

Wilk

Prop

osal

: A s

erie

s of

bui

ldin

g co

des

and

regu

lati

on fo

r de

velo

pmen

t to

enha

nce

publ

ic s

pace

.

Conc

ept:

Phy

sica

l str

uctu

re a

nd v

ersa

tile

spac

e

Visi

on: U

niqu

e ph

ysic

al in

fras

truc

ture

cre

ates

zon

es

betw

een

publ

ic a

nd p

riva

te s

pace

s to

enc

oura

ge v

ibra

nt

mul

ti-u

se a

ctiv

ity.

Arijit Sen 358

portfoilio

03

Laye

rs: T

he Fr

amew

ork o

f Int

erac

tion

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 2

The

idea

of p

ublic

and

priv

ate

spac

es c

an b

e in

terp

rete

d at

the

city

sca

le

as w

ell a

s th

e ne

ighb

orho

od s

cale

. D

evon

Ave

nue

is s

ituat

ed w

ithin

the

com

plex

tran

sit n

etw

ork

of C

hica

go.

Spee

d is

one

way

to c

ateg

oriz

e pu

blic

to p

rivat

e gr

adie

nts

in th

e tr

ansi

t sys

tem

.

Free

way

s an

d Ex

pres

sway

s, sh

own

in o

rang

e in

Imag

e 1,

can

be

cons

id-

ered

the

mos

t pub

lic b

ecau

se th

ey a

re u

sed

by a

larg

e ra

nge

of in

divi

du-

als.

Rela

ting

to s

peed

, tra

vel o

n th

ese

stre

ets

is th

e fa

stes

t and

has

the

few

est s

tops

. Thi

s fo

cus

on fa

st a

nd d

irect

trav

el c

reat

es a

dis

conn

ect

betw

een

user

s an

d th

e bu

ilt e

nviro

nmen

t out

side

of t

heir

cars

.

Seco

ndar

y St

reet

s, sh

own

in b

lack

on

Imag

e 2,

offe

r mor

e co

nnec

tion

to

vario

us s

ectio

ns o

f the

city

. In

man

y w

ays,

they

are

“sem

i-pub

lic” s

pace

of

the

tran

sit g

radi

ent;

whi

le d

river

s tr

avel

at h

igh

spee

ds, t

here

are

tr

affic

light

s th

at c

reat

e pa

uses

and

enc

oura

ge v

isua

l con

nect

ion

to th

e ou

tsid

e.

Nei

ghbo

rhoo

d St

reet

s, sh

own

in o

rang

e in

Imag

e 5

(sec

onda

ry s

tree

ts

are

blac

k), a

re m

ore

expe

rient

ial.

The

low

er s

peed

lim

it an

d in

crea

sed

occu

rren

ce o

f sto

p si

gns

crea

te a

pow

erfu

l con

nect

ion

with

the

sur-

roun

ding

s. T

his

laye

r is

the

sem

i-priv

ate

laye

r in

the

grad

ient

.

Alle

yway

s, sh

own

in Im

age

6 in

ora

nge,

are

the

mos

t priv

ate

in th

e tr

an-

sit n

etw

ork.

The

y ar

e us

ed p

rimar

ily fo

r ser

vice

by

loca

l res

iden

ts a

nd

can

be c

onsi

dere

d th

e “b

ack

door

” cor

ridor

. Fo

ot tr

affic

and

slow

veh

icu-

lar s

peed

s in

alle

ys m

ake

them

sha

rply

con

tras

t the

exp

ress

way

s.

Mas

s tr

ansi

t is

a m

ajor

com

pone

nt to

the

tran

sit s

yste

m. E

ach

colo

r in

Imag

e 3

is a

diff

eren

t lin

e of

the

L. T

he L

sys

tem

has

mix

ed c

hara

cter

-is

tics

of th

e pr

evio

us s

tree

ts.

It pa

sses

ove

r the

city

and

und

erne

ath

it,

crea

ting

a di

scon

nect

whi

le in

mot

ion,

yet

faci

litat

ing

conn

ectio

n w

hile

st

oppe

d.

Alth

ough

eac

h la

yers

of t

rans

it is

diff

eren

t, th

ey a

ll lin

k in

to th

e bu

ilt fa

b-ric

of t

he C

ity o

f Chi

cago

, Im

age

4. T

he s

yste

m a

nd it

s co

mpo

nent

s off

er

insi

ght t

hat t

rans

fers

to th

e sm

alle

r sca

le o

f a s

tree

tsca

pe a

nd b

uild

ing

desi

gn.

Imag

e 1. F

reew

ay an

d Exp

ressw

ay

Imag

e 2. S

econ

dary

Stre

ets

Imag

e 3. “

L” Sy

stem

Imag

e 4. C

ombin

ation

Imag

e 5. N

eighb

orho

od St

reet

s

Imag

e 6. A

lleyw

ays

Laye

rs of

Tran

sit

Arijit Sen 359

portfoilio

03

Laye

rs: T

he Fr

amew

ork o

f Int

erac

tion

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 3

The

follo

win

g ar

e a

varie

ty o

f cha

nges

that

thro

ugh

the

next

40

year

s w

ould

dra

stic

ally

rest

ruct

ure

Dev

on in

to a

pla

ce o

f gre

ater

inte

ract

ion.

Phas

e 1:

The

firs

t ste

p is

for t

he n

orth

ern

curb

edg

e to

be

exte

nded

fu

rthe

r int

o th

e st

reet

allo

win

g fo

r gre

ater

ped

estr

ian

traffi

c. I

n ad

ditio

n,

rest

rictio

ns o

n si

dew

alks

wou

ld b

e lif

ted,

they

wou

ld a

llow

for s

hop-

keep

ers

to in

habi

t str

eets

cape

dire

ctly

in fr

ont o

f bus

ines

s. B

ecau

se o

f th

ese

actio

ns D

evon

Ave

. wou

ld b

e tu

rned

into

a o

ne-w

ay h

eadi

ng e

ast.

Phas

e 2:

At t

his

stag

e, k

ey a

reas

of i

nfill

are

iden

tified

. The

se a

reas

are

pl

ots

that

hav

e sp

ecifi

c ch

arac

teris

tics

that

cou

ld b

enefi

cial

ly re

-tie

the

stre

et w

all t

oget

her.

Site

s th

at m

ake

phys

ical

and

psy

chol

ogic

al g

es-

ture

s to

the

neig

hbor

hood

beh

ind

Dev

on A

venu

e co

uld

be im

port

ant,

such

as

site

s th

at li

nk to

alle

ys o

r rec

onne

ct s

ides

tree

ts.

Phas

e 3:

In

the

final

sta

ge, a

str

uctu

ral f

ram

ewor

k w

ill b

e pl

aced

on

the

new

ly d

esig

nate

d si

dew

alk

spac

e cr

eate

d in

Pha

se 1

. Thi

s fr

amew

ork

crea

tes

a gr

adie

nt fo

r bic

ycle

tran

spor

tatio

n, p

edes

tria

n tr

affic,

and

pos

-si

ble

vend

or s

pace

s. T

his

elem

ent w

ill u

nite

the

stre

et a

nd th

e fu

ture

co

nnec

ting

node

s id

enifi

ed in

Pha

se 2

.

Phas

e 3: S

treet

Sect

ion

1. 2. 3.

Phas

e 2: S

treet

Sect

ion

Phas

e 1: S

treet

Sect

ion

Exist

ing:

Stre

et Se

ctio

n

Exist

ing

Neigh

borh

ood I

mple

men

tatio

n

Arijit Sen 360

portfoilio

03

Laye

rs: T

he Fr

amew

ork o

f Int

erac

tion

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 4

Phas

e 1:

Orig

inal

His

toric

al L

ayer

: The

bui

ldin

g st

ock

on a

nd s

urro

und-

ing

Dev

on A

venu

e ha

s st

ood

the

test

of t

ime.

In m

any

case

s, th

e be

arin

g w

alls

not

onl

y se

rve

a st

ruct

ural

pur

pose

, but

they

als

o cr

eate

a h

ighe

r de

nsity

of s

hops

. By

kee

ping

this

tim

e-te

sted

ele

men

t as

an a

rmat

ure,

th

e de

sign

will

mai

ntai

n a

high

leve

l of s

tree

t act

ivity

by

cont

inui

ng to

ho

use

man

y en

trep

rene

urs.

Phas

e 2:

Ini

tial C

arvi

ng In

to E

xist

ing

Stru

ctur

e: T

he s

tree

t wal

l alo

ng

Dev

on is

mon

oton

ous.

The

wal

ls th

at a

re p

erpe

ndic

ular

to D

evon

will

be

car

ved

into

to c

reat

e ba

lcon

ies,

prov

idin

g a

laye

r of p

rivac

y be

twee

n D

evon

and

the

neig

hbor

hod.

It c

an a

lso

be u

sed

as a

mee

ting

spac

e.

The

sam

e ca

rvin

g on

the

back

of t

he w

all w

ill c

onne

ct th

e ba

ck o

f the

bu

ildin

g to

the

neig

hbor

hood

.

Phas

e 3:

Str

uctu

ral F

ram

ewor

k Ex

tend

ing

Out

: In

the

prev

ious

pha

se,

a th

resh

old

was

cre

ated

via

cut

ting

away

the

stru

ctur

e. I

n Ph

ase

3,

the

stru

ctur

e w

ill b

e ex

ende

d ou

t int

o th

e en

larg

ed s

idew

alk.

Thi

s w

ill

enga

ge th

e sh

oppe

r and

com

pens

ate

the

squa

re fo

otag

e th

at w

as lo

st

from

the

addi

tion

of th

e ba

lcon

y in

Pha

se 2

. It

will

als

o cr

eate

ano

ther

th

resh

old

betw

een

the

neig

hbor

hood

and

Dev

on A

venu

e.

Phas

e 4:

Ext

ensi

ve C

arvi

ng in

to O

rigin

al S

truc

ture

: N

ow th

at a

var

iety

of

thre

shol

ds h

ave

been

cre

ated

, the

nex

t ste

p is

to c

arve

into

the

exis

t-in

g pe

rpen

dicu

lar w

alls

for t

he fu

ture

clie

nts.

The

pre

viou

s st

ages

are

th

e sa

me

rega

rdle

ss o

f bui

ldin

g us

age,

but

this

sta

ge w

ill d

epen

d on

the

typo

logi

cal u

se o

f the

bui

ldin

g an

d th

e cl

ient

. In

spe

cific

des

ign,

circ

ula-

tion

is p

lace

d bo

th in

the

fron

t and

the

back

to s

usta

in m

ovem

ent.

Phas

e 5:

Thr

esho

lds P

aral

lel t

o St

reet

are

Impl

emen

ted:

The

spa

ces

have

alre

ady

been

defi

ned

in m

any

way

s by

the

stru

ctur

e, b

ut in

this

ph

ase

they

will

be

expr

esse

d fu

rthe

r thr

ough

a v

arie

ty o

f pla

nes

run-

ning

par

alle

l with

Dev

on.

Elem

ents

suc

h as

sto

refr

ont w

indo

ws,

stal

l pa

rtiti

on w

alls

, and

the

back

enc

losu

re s

yste

m w

ill p

lay

a ro

le in

defi

ning

th

ese

priv

acy

thre

shol

ds.

Phas

e 6:

Ver

tical

Str

uctu

re: O

nce

the

horiz

onta

l lay

erin

g be

twee

n D

e-vo

n Av

enue

and

the

stre

ets

is c

ompl

ete,

floo

r sla

bs w

ill in

fill t

he s

truc

-tu

re v

ertic

ally

. Thi

s st

ep w

ill b

uild

upo

n th

e pr

evio

us s

truc

tura

l pha

ses.

A

t spa

ces

whe

re h

igh

leve

ls o

f ver

tical

circ

ulat

ion

occu

r, fo

or s

labs

will

be

ope

ned

to c

reat

e a

mez

zani

ne.

In a

dditi

on, t

he fl

oor s

lab

will

ext

end

with

the

stru

ctur

e ou

t int

o th

e si

dew

alk,

cre

atin

g an

arc

ade.

1.2.

3.4.

5.6.

Arch

itectu

ral Im

plem

enta

tion

Arijit Sen 361

portfoilio

03

Laye

rs: T

he Fr

amew

ork o

f Int

erac

tion

- Im

agine

Devo

n Pa

ge 5

Alth

ough

som

e st

reet

par

king

will

be

lost

in w

iden

ing

the

side

wal

k,

ther

e ar

e m

ultip

le w

ays

to c

ompe

nsat

e w

ith n

ew s

pace

s. T

he d

iagr

ams

to th

e rig

ht s

how

thre

e ex

ampl

es.

Imag

e 7

show

s va

cant

lots

nor

th o

f D

evon

Ave

nue

that

cou

ld b

ecom

e pa

rkin

g lo

ts a

nd th

e es

timat

ed n

um-

ber o

f spa

ces

crea

ted.

Imag

e 8

show

s ho

w a

rear

alle

y co

uld

be w

iden

ed

to a

ccom

odat

e pa

ralle

l par

king

. Im

age

9 sh

ows

plac

es w

here

low

rise

pa

rkin

g st

ruct

ures

cou

ld b

e bu

ilt.

Ove

rlapp

ing

laye

rs o

f spa

ce a

nd c

ultu

res

crea

te v

ibra

nt, m

ultic

ultu

ral

plac

es. T

he p

ublic

and

priv

ate

spac

es o

n D

evon

Ave

nue

shou

ld fa

cilit

ate

futu

re tr

ansf

orm

atio

ns a

t var

ious

nei

ghbo

rhoo

d, s

tree

t, an

d bu

ildin

g sc

ales

. Thi

s pr

opos

al p

rovi

des

flexi

ble

mul

tiuse

spa

ces

thro

ugh

uniq

ue

phys

ical

inte

rven

tions

.

Imag

e 7. A

dditi

onal

Park

ing Lo

ts

Imag

e 8. P

arall

el Pa

rking

on W

idene

d Alle

y

Imag

e 9. P

arall

el Pa

rking

on W

idene

d Alle

y

Arijit Sen 362

portfoilio

04

Mul

ticul

tura

lism

, Mar

ket a

nd th

e Ind

ividu

al -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

1

A m

ultic

ultu

ral e

nviro

nmen

t res

ults

from

the

coex

iste

nce

of m

any

cul-

ture

s, et

hnic

ities

and

idea

ls in

a g

iven

env

ironm

ent.

Div

ersi

ty le

ads

to a

gr

eat v

arie

ty o

f cul

tura

l nor

ms

and

offer

s ric

h op

port

unity

for a

var

iety

of

beh

avio

rs a

nd a

ttitu

des.

Alth

ough

man

y di

scou

rses

of c

ultu

ral p

rac-

tices

refe

r to

gene

raliz

ed g

roup

s, in

divi

dual

s ar

e th

e ba

sic

carr

iers

and

pe

rfor

mer

s of

cul

ture

. It

is th

e co

llect

ive

of in

divi

dual

s, w

ith th

eir o

wn

cultu

ral i

deal

s an

d pr

actic

es, t

hat m

ake

a m

ultic

ultu

ral s

pace

. Thi

s de

-si

gn fo

cuse

s on

the

indi

vidu

al a

nd e

ncou

rage

s hi

m to

inte

ract

with

his

su

rrou

ndin

gs. T

his

will

ulti

mat

ely

impr

ove

the

inte

ract

ions

bet

wee

n th

e cu

lture

and

div

ersi

ty o

f Dev

on A

venu

e.

Mul

ticul

tura

lism

, Mar

ket &

the I

ndiv

idua

lTh

e Alle

y as a

Rede

sign S

trate

gyby

Kelly

Adria

n

Prop

osal

: Red

evel

opm

ent o

f exi

stin

g al

leys

and

mar

-gi

nal s

pace

s to

pro

vide

add

itio

nal s

ocia

l and

eco

nom

ic

oppo

rtun

itie

s fo

r all

neig

hbor

hood

resi

dent

s.

Conc

ept:

Soc

ial e

quit

y an

d ur

ban

char

acte

r

Visi

on: R

eusi

ng e

xist

ing

infr

astr

uctu

re m

akes

soc

ial,

cul-

tura

l, an

d ec

onom

ic re

sour

ces

avai

labl

e to

a w

ider

cro

ss

sect

ion

of n

eigh

borh

ood

resi

dent

s.

Arijit Sen 363

portfoilio

04

Mul

ticul

tura

lism

, Mar

ket a

nd th

e Ind

ividu

al -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

2

DEVO

N AV

ENUE

: SPA

CES A

ND U

SERS

Thes

e di

agra

ms

and

anal

ysis

of D

evon

Ave

nue

show

s th

at th

ere

is a

str

uc-

ture

of s

tree

ts a

nd p

ublic

spa

ces.

The

se s

tree

ts a

re p

lann

ed in

to th

e ur

ban

fabr

ic o

f Dev

on b

y th

e go

vern

men

t and

its

inst

itutio

ns.

Mic

hael

de

Cer-

teau

cal

ls th

ese

spac

es “s

trat

egic

” int

erve

ntio

ns, b

ecau

se th

ey h

ave

been

im

plem

ente

d by

the

gove

rnm

ent a

nd v

ario

us p

lann

ing

com

mitt

ees.

De

Cert

eau

argu

es th

at p

eopl

e of

ten

use

spac

es in

a d

iffer

ent w

ay th

an th

e “s

trat

egic

” sys

tem

enc

oura

ges

them

to d

o. “

Tact

ics”

are

the

way

s th

at

indi

vidu

als

crea

te s

pace

for t

hem

selv

es in

env

ironm

ents

defi

ned

by “s

trat

-eg

ies”.

It i

s in

thes

e sp

aces

that

peo

ple

are

no lo

nger

con

fined

to b

ehav

-io

ral n

orm

s. T

his

desi

gn p

rovi

des

oppo

rtun

ity fo

r “ta

ctic

al” i

nter

vent

ions

th

roug

hout

the

Dev

on A

venu

e ar

ea.

Arijit Sen 364

portfoilio

04

Mul

ticul

tura

lism

, Mar

ket a

nd th

e Ind

ividu

al -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

3

Arijit Sen 365

portfoilio

04

Mul

ticul

tura

lism

, Mar

ket a

nd th

e Ind

ividu

al -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

4

This

pro

ject

will

evo

lve

over

tim

e. I

n th

e fir

st y

ears

a s

erie

s of

indi

vidu

al

spac

es w

ill b

e de

velo

ped

with

in in

divi

dual

bac

kyar

ds. T

hese

spa

ces

may

be

com

e ga

rden

s or

fam

ily g

athe

ring

spac

es.

Even

tual

ly s

ome

of th

ese

spac

es w

ill b

egin

to m

erge

and

eve

ntua

lly c

onne

ct.

As

they

con

nect

, a

path

sys

tem

will

beg

in to

link

thes

e la

rger

spa

ces.

By

the

end

of th

is 6

0 ye

ar ti

me

perio

d, a

net

wor

k of

pat

hs w

ill li

nk th

e no

rthe

rn a

nd s

outh

ern

neig

hbor

hood

s to

and

acr

oss

Dev

on A

venu

e. I

t is

on th

ese

path

s th

at

the

cultu

re o

f Dev

on’s

mar

ketp

lace

will

spi

ll in

to th

e ne

ighb

orho

ods.

A V

isio

n fo

r the

Fut

ure

60 Ye

ar Pl

an

Figu

re X.

and o

ption

al im

age d

escri

ption

Figu

re X.

and o

ption

al im

age d

escri

ption

A VI

SION

FOR

THE F

UTUR

E: 6

0 YEA

R PL

AN

This

pro

ject

will

evo

lve

over

tim

e. I

n th

e fir

st y

ears

a s

erie

s of

indi

vidu

al

spac

es w

ill b

e de

velo

ped

with

in in

divi

dual

bac

kyar

ds. T

hese

spa

ces

may

be

com

e ga

rden

s or

fam

ily g

athe

ring

spac

es.

Even

tual

ly s

ome

of th

ese

spac

es w

ill b

egin

to m

erge

and

eve

ntua

lly c

onne

ct.

As

they

con

nect

, a

path

sys

tem

will

beg

in to

link

thes

e la

rger

spa

ces.

By

the

end

of th

is 6

0 ye

ar ti

me

perio

d, a

net

wor

k of

pat

hs w

ill li

nk th

e no

rthe

rn a

nd s

outh

ern

neig

hbor

hood

s to

and

acr

oss

Dev

on A

venu

e. I

t is

on th

ese

path

s th

at

the

cultu

re o

f Dev

on’s

mar

ketp

lace

will

spi

ll in

to th

e ne

ighb

orho

ods.

Arijit Sen 366

portfoilio

04

Mul

ticul

tura

lism

, Mar

ket a

nd th

e Ind

ividu

al -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

5

Arijit Sen 367

portfoilio

04

Mul

ticul

tura

lism

, Mar

ket a

nd th

e Ind

ividu

al -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

6

Arijit Sen 368

portfoilio

04

Mul

ticul

tura

lism

, Mar

ket a

nd th

e Ind

ividu

al -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

7

SPAT

IAL D

EFIN

ITIO

N

Varie

ty

This

des

ign

will

impl

emen

t sev

eral

type

s of

spa

ce.

Acco

rdin

g to

Be

rnar

d Ts

chum

i a v

arie

ty o

f spa

ces

cont

ribut

es to

the

over

all q

ualit

y of

any

giv

en s

pace

. Fo

r exa

mpl

e, s

ome

spac

es e

nclo

se th

e oc

cupa

nt,

whi

le o

ther

s ar

e ve

ry o

pen.

Spa

tial v

arie

ty p

rovi

des

the

indi

vidu

al

with

opp

ortu

nitie

s of

cou

ntle

ss a

ctiv

ities

and

pot

entia

l int

erac

tions

. Fo

ur s

patia

l var

iatio

ns h

ave

been

est

ablis

hed

to o

ffer t

he in

divi

dual

di

ffere

nt e

xper

ienc

es. T

hese

spa

tial v

arie

ties

incl

ude:

join

t, lin

ear,

noda

l and

con

tain

ed.

Arch

itect

ural

Elem

ents

Ano

ther

laye

r of v

arie

ty is

est

ablis

hed

with

four

arc

hite

ctur

al e

le-

men

ts:

plan

ar, i

nfill

and

land

scap

e. T

hese

ele

men

ts la

yer o

nto

the

exis

ting

“str

ateg

y” th

at M

icha

el d

e Ce

rtea

u re

fers

to. T

he p

lana

r el

emen

ts (t

ilt-u

p co

ncre

te p

anel

s) re

spon

d to

the

perm

anen

ce o

f th

e ex

istin

g ur

ban

fabr

ic. T

hey

may

mar

k th

e ed

ge o

f exi

stin

g bu

ild-

ings

or e

xtru

d to

defi

ne s

pace

bey

ond

the

build

ings

. It

is th

e lig

ht,

woo

den

infil

l tha

t pro

vide

s op

port

uniti

es fo

r “ta

ctic

al” i

nter

vent

ions

. Th

is in

fill c

an s

uppo

rt c

ount

less

act

iviti

es, b

ut o

ne im

port

ant u

se w

ill

be th

e in

sert

ion

of m

arke

t sta

lls.

Som

e of

the

alle

ys ju

st o

ff D

evon

w

ill b

ecom

e ex

tens

ions

of t

his

mul

ticul

tura

l mar

ket p

lace

. The

third

el

emen

t of l

ands

cape

is th

e fin

al to

uch

that

will

impr

ove

the

num

ber

of g

reen

spa

ces

arou

nd D

evon

Ave

nue.

Arijit Sen 369

portfoilio

04

Mul

ticul

tura

lism

, Mar

ket a

nd th

e Ind

ividu

al -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

8

DESI

GN: T

HE EX

PERI

ENCE

The

ethn

ic m

arke

tpla

ce o

f Dev

on A

venu

e is

its

defin

ing

elem

ent.

Thi

s de

sign

pro

pose

s a

seco

nd, c

ompl

imen

tary

mar

ket t

ype.

The

mar

ket

of D

evon

is fo

rmal

ly a

rran

ged

and

is a

n in

terio

r spa

ce. T

he n

eigh

bor-

hood

mar

kets

will

be

far m

ore

casu

al.

As

they

are

onl

y us

ed a

t var

ious

tim

es o

f day

, the

y ar

e te

mpo

rary

. The

y w

ill a

lso

be m

ore

inte

ract

ive,

du

e to

thei

r int

imat

e sc

ale.

The

mar

ket s

talls

may

be

open

to o

utsi

de

vend

ors;

how

ever

the

inte

ntio

n is

that

the

indi

vidu

al h

omeo

wne

rs/

tena

nts

begi

n to

con

trib

ute

to th

is e

xpan

ded

mar

ket.

Indi

vidu

al p

rop-

ertie

s w

ill b

ecom

e pl

aces

of p

rodu

ctio

n an

d se

lling

of g

oods

. With

in

the

impl

emen

ted

arch

itect

ural

ele

men

ts th

e ne

ighb

orho

ods

will

pa

rtak

e in

an

exch

ange

of l

abor

and

goo

ds, b

ut fu

rthe

r, an

exc

hang

e of

cul

ture

s an

d tr

aditi

ons.

The

refo

re, t

his

proj

ect u

ses

the

mar

ket a

s a

mea

ns to

reac

h ou

t to

the

indi

vidu

al p

erso

n as

a p

ossi

bilit

y of

com

mu-

nity

con

nect

ion

and

invo

lvem

ent

Arijit Sen 370

portfoilio

04

Mul

ticul

tura

lism

, Mar

ket a

nd th

e Ind

ividu

al -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

9

Arijit Sen 371

portfoilio

04

Mul

ticul

tura

lism

, Mar

ket a

nd th

e Ind

ividu

al -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

10

CONC

LUSI

ON: T

HE IN

DIVI

DUAL

AND

HIS

POS

SIBI

LITI

ES

The

indi

vidu

al is

the

key

elem

ent i

n th

is d

esig

n. T

here

are

diff

eren

t typ

es

of p

eopl

e an

d th

ese

diffe

rent

type

s w

ill s

urel

y us

e th

ese

spac

es in

diff

er-

ent w

ays.

Wom

en a

nd c

hild

ren

for e

xam

ple

may

use

this

spa

ce a

s an

op-

port

unity

to e

scap

e th

eir d

aily

rout

ine.

It w

ould

offe

r the

chi

ldre

n a

spac

e to

run

and

play

and

inte

ract

with

oth

er c

hild

ren,

whi

le w

omen

wou

ld b

e ab

le to

eng

age

in in

timat

e co

nver

satio

ns w

ith o

ther

s. T

his

is o

nly

a sm

all

exam

ple

of h

ow th

ey m

ight

use

this

spa

ce. T

his

desi

gn h

as a

leve

l of fl

ex-

ibili

ty th

at w

ill a

ccom

mod

ate

seve

ral g

roup

s an

d cu

lture

s.

Arijit Sen 372

portfoilio

06

Adap

tive I

nter

actio

ns -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

1

Mul

ticul

tura

lism

is a

pro

cess

; an

exch

ange

of i

deas

that

ove

r tim

e di

f-fe

rent

iate

s on

e gr

oup

from

ano

ther

. Fre

drik

Bar

th a

sser

ts th

at e

thni

c gr

oups

are

not

nec

essa

rily

base

d on

sha

red

prac

tices

, but

are

form

ed o

n th

e ba

sis

of c

ultu

ral d

iffer

ence

s. “I

t is

the

ever

yday

act

ions

, cho

ices

, situ

-at

ions

and

con

ditio

ns in

whi

ch e

ach

indi

vidu

al fi

nds

him

self

or h

erse

lf,

and

with

whi

ch th

ey c

hoos

e to

iden

tify,

whi

ch m

akes

a d

iffer

ence

in

how

eth

nic

grou

ps a

re m

ade

up.”1 T

his

idea

of b

ound

ary

mai

nten

ance

, th

roug

h ev

ery

day

soci

al in

tera

ctio

n is

how

I un

ders

tand

Dev

on A

venu

e ca

me

to b

e su

ch a

cul

tura

lly d

iver

se p

lace

. My

desi

gn e

xplo

res

the

rela

-tio

nshi

p of

thes

e bo

unda

ries

in th

e so

cial

and

phy

sica

l env

ironm

ent b

y cr

eatin

g in

tera

ctio

n pl

aces

that

enc

oura

ge th

e pr

oces

s of

mul

ticul

tura

l-is

m to

con

tinue

on

this

alre

ady

dive

rse

com

mer

cial

str

eet.

Ada

ptiv

e In

tera

ctio

ns

Mult

icultu

ralis

m an

d Bou

ndar

y Main

tena

nce

by To

m Jo

y

Figu

re X.

and o

ption

al im

age d

escri

ption

Figu

re i.

Tran

sver

se El

emen

ts

Prop

osal

: To

erec

t eas

ily a

dapt

able

, mod

ular

wal

ls o

n th

e si

dew

alk

that

will

eng

age

stre

et-u

sers

and

enc

oura

ge

soci

al u

ses

of th

e st

reet

.

Conc

ept:

Stre

et fu

rnitu

re a

nd fa

cade

dev

elop

men

t

Visi

on: A

mpl

ified

sen

se o

f pla

ce a

nd in

crea

sed

oppo

rtu-

niti

es fo

r soc

ial i

nter

acti

on th

roug

h st

rate

gica

lly p

lace

d,

adap

tabl

e st

reet

furn

itur

e.

Arijit Sen 373

portfoilio

06

Adap

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nter

actio

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Imag

ine De

von

Page

2

Boun

darie

s an

d ed

ges

are

ever

ywhe

re. T

hey

are

the

city

lim

its, t

he a

rea

of o

ur n

eigh

borh

oods

, the

doo

rs to

our

hom

es -

they

are

the

boun

darie

s of

our

live

s. Ed

ges

are

both

phy

sica

l thi

ngs

like

river

s an

d w

alls

, but

they

ar

e al

so p

erce

ptua

l thi

ngs

like

the

way

we

defin

e ou

r nei

ghbo

rhoo

ds o

r ou

r cul

tura

l ide

ntiti

es.

On

Dev

on A

venu

e an

d in

the

Wes

t Rog

ers

neig

hbor

hood

we

can

find

man

y ex

ampl

es o

f the

se ty

pes

of e

dges

. Thr

ough

out t

ime

Dev

on A

ve-

nue

has

been

and

con

tinue

s to

be

a no

rthe

rn e

dge

of th

e ci

ty (F

igur

e 1)

. It

is a

lso

curr

ently

the

edge

bet

wee

n se

vera

l cou

nty

tow

nshi

ps a

nd c

ity

neig

hbor

hood

s (F

igur

e 2)

. In

the

com

mun

ity im

med

iate

ly s

urro

undi

ng

Dev

on A

venu

e be

twee

n Ca

lifor

nia

and

Wes

tern

, the

str

eet c

lear

ly d

istin

-gu

ishe

s be

twee

n re

side

ntia

l and

com

mer

cial

land

use

(Fig

ure

3).

Figu

re 1.

City

of Ch

icago

Gro

wth o

ver T

ime

Figu

re 2.

Edge

s: Cit

y, To

wnsh

ips, N

eighb

orho

od

Edge

s and

Boun

darie

s

Arijit Sen 374

portfoilio

06

Adap

tive I

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actio

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Imag

ine De

von

Page

3

Figu

re 3.

Dev

on as

a co

mm

ercia

l bou

ndar

y sep

arat

ing th

e neig

hbor

hood

s to t

he no

rth an

d sou

th

Arijit Sen 375

portfoilio

06

Adap

tive I

nter

actio

ns -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

4

Besi

des

actin

g as

a p

hysi

cal e

dge,

Dev

on A

venu

e ca

n be

see

n by

man

y w

ho li

ve th

ere

as a

per

cept

ual e

dge.

Acc

ordi

ng to

one

resi

dent

, Dev

on is

th

e ed

ge th

at fo

rms

betw

een

rent

al p

rope

rtie

s to

the

sout

h an

d ow

ner

occu

pied

pro

pert

ies

to th

e no

rth

(Fig

ure

5). A

men

tal m

ap o

f our

nei

gh-

borh

ood

can

help

us

clas

sify

are

as a

nd e

ven

peop

le in

to g

roup

s an

d ca

n pl

ay a

role

in d

efini

ng w

here

we

go a

nd w

ho w

e as

soci

ate

with

.

Urb

an p

lann

er K

evin

Lyn

ch e

xpla

ins

that

, “ed

ges

may

be

barr

iers

, mor

e or

less

pen

etra

ble,

whi

ch c

lose

one

regi

on o

ff fr

om th

e ot

her;

or th

ey

may

be

seam

s, lin

es a

long

whi

ch tw

o re

gion

s ar

e re

late

d an

d jo

ined

to

geth

er.”2 D

evon

Ave

nue

can

be s

een

as e

xhib

iting

bot

h of

thes

e ed

ge

type

s - a

hyb

rid o

f edg

e qu

aliti

es (F

igur

e 3)

. The

str

eet i

s no

t exa

ctly

a

divi

ding

line

in th

e ci

ty o

r com

mun

ity, b

ut it

is a

lso

not f

ully

a s

eam

or a

n el

emen

t tha

t con

nect

s tw

o ar

eas.

Cate

goriz

ing

Dev

on in

thes

e lim

ited

term

s of

bou

ndar

y an

d se

am is

far t

oo s

impl

istic

. Ins

tead

we

can

imag

-in

e D

evon

as

havi

ng a

mor

e po

rous

, am

bigu

ous

edge

. Fi

gure

5. A

Resid

ent’s

Men

tal M

ap

Figu

re 4.

Arijit Sen 376

portfoilio

06

Adap

tive I

nter

actio

ns -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

5

Diff

eren

t cul

ture

s, w

hich

are

defi

ned

by e

dges

or d

iffer

ence

s, ar

e al

so

diffi

cult

to fi

t int

o ca

tego

ries

and

esse

ntia

lize.

Muc

h lik

e th

e ph

ysic

al

Dev

on, t

hese

soc

ial b

ound

arie

s ca

n be

see

n as

less

of a

cle

arly

defi

ned

line

and

mor

e as

a tr

ansi

tiona

l spa

ce. A

s st

ated

ear

lier,

mul

ticul

tura

lism

is

a p

roce

ss, a

nd th

is p

roce

ss o

ccur

s at

the

edge

– th

e sp

ace

of c

ultu

ral

diffe

renc

e.

Acco

rdin

g to

Hom

i Bha

bha

in h

is b

ook

The

Loca

tion

of C

ultu

re, “

[T]h

e bo

rder

line

enga

gem

ents

of c

ultu

ral d

iffer

ence

may

as

ofte

n be

con

sen-

sual

as

confl

ictu

al; t

hey

may

con

foun

d ou

r defi

nitio

ns o

f tra

ditio

n an

d m

oder

nity

; rea

lign

the

cust

omar

y bo

unda

ries

betw

een

the

priv

ate

and

the

publ

ic, h

igh

and

low

; and

cha

lleng

e no

rmat

ive

expe

ctat

ions

of d

e-ve

lopm

ent a

nd p

rogr

ess.”

3 Mar

y Lo

uise

Pra

tt, a

lso

iden

tifies

this

are

a of

cu

ltura

l neg

otia

tion

as “c

onta

ct z

ones

” or “

soci

al s

pace

s w

here

cul

ture

s, m

eet,

clas

h, a

nd g

rapp

le w

ith e

ach

othe

r.”4 (F

igur

es 6

& 7

)

Thes

e tw

o id

eas

of b

orde

rline

eng

agem

ents

and

con

tact

zon

es h

elp

il-lu

stra

te th

e no

tion

that

mul

ticul

tura

lism

and

eth

nic

iden

tity

is b

ased

on

soci

al in

tera

ctio

n an

d pa

rtic

ular

ly w

here

ther

e ex

ists

som

e di

ffere

nces

be

twee

n gr

oups

and

a d

esire

to a

rtic

ulat

e an

d ne

gotia

te th

ose

diffe

r-en

ces.

They

furt

her p

oint

out

that

the

edge

of d

iffer

ence

bet

wee

n tw

o gr

oups

or i

ndiv

idua

ls is

not

a h

ard

line,

but

a p

orou

s ed

ge a

nd th

roug

h so

cial

inte

ract

ion

and

nego

tiatio

n be

com

es a

zon

e of

ove

rlap

or a

tran

si-

tiona

l spa

ce.

Figu

re 6.

Phys

ical c

onta

ct zo

ne

Figu

re 7.

The s

pace

of cu

ltura

l diff

eren

ce

Arijit Sen 377

portfoilio

06

Adap

tive I

nter

actio

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Imag

ine De

von

Page

6

One

of t

he m

ost i

mpo

rtan

t asp

ects

of D

evon

Ave

nue

is it

s gr

ain.

We

can

disc

over

wha

t giv

es D

evon

its

char

acte

r by

aski

ng th

e qu

estio

n: W

hat

mak

es D

evon

Ave

nue

the

likab

le, m

emor

able

, gre

at s

tree

t tha

t it h

as b

e-co

me?

Am

os R

apop

ort e

xpla

ins,

“…th

at m

any

envi

ronm

ents

in d

iffer

ent

area

s, er

as, a

nd c

ultu

res

that

tend

to b

e lik

ed a

nd p

refe

rred

by

pede

stri-

ans

have

one

thin

g in

com

mon

: the

y al

l see

m to

be

perc

eptu

ally

inte

r-es

ting,

com

plex

, and

rich

.”5 Dev

on is

cer

tain

ly in

tere

stin

g, c

ompl

ex a

nd

rich,

and

its

char

acte

r is

ultim

atel

y de

rived

by

the

amou

nt o

f ele

men

ts

that

pop

ulat

e th

e st

reet

edg

e, li

ke s

igna

ge, e

ntry

way

s, an

d w

indo

ws

(Fig

ure

8). T

hese

ele

men

ts a

dded

ove

r tim

e cr

eate

the

tight

gra

in o

f the

st

reet

that

is h

uman

ly s

cale

d an

d in

dica

tive

of a

long

his

tory

of h

uman

ad

apta

tion

and

inte

ract

ion

with

the

phys

ical

pla

ce (F

igur

e 9)

.Fi

gure

8. gr

ain st

udies

Grain

Arijit Sen 378

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06

Adap

tive I

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actio

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Imag

ine De

von

Page

7

Figu

re 9.

Build

ing an

d sto

re di

vision

s: ad

ditive

grain

over

tim

e

Arijit Sen 379

portfoilio

06

Adap

tive I

nter

actio

ns -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

8

So th

e ph

ysic

al s

tree

t is

not o

nly

a m

anife

stat

ion

of a

n ad

ditiv

e, h

isto

ri-ca

l gra

in, b

ut a

cul

tura

l gra

in a

s w

ell.

One

Sou

th A

sian

resi

dent

reca

lls

his

impr

essi

ons

of th

e st

reet

upo

n se

eing

it fo

r the

firs

t tim

e as

fam

iliar

. “I

t loo

ks li

ke In

dia,”

he

excl

aim

ed. T

his

idea

of f

amili

arity

and

cul

tura

l di

ffere

nces

in th

e ph

ysic

al e

nviro

nmen

t can

als

o be

repr

esen

ted

in a

n an

alys

is o

f Litt

le In

dia

in S

inga

pore

(Fig

ure

10).

As

we

can

see,

the

grai

n or

the

scal

e of

ele

men

ts, b

oth

vert

ical

ly a

nd h

oriz

onta

lly a

re d

esig

ned

arou

nd h

uman

mov

emen

t and

inte

ract

ion.

The

sca

le o

f the

bui

ldin

gs,

shop

s, an

d en

tryw

ays

are

“des

igne

d” fo

r the

ped

estr

ian

- to

enha

nce

and

enco

urag

e so

cial

and

com

mer

cial

inte

ract

ions

in m

uch

the

sam

e w

ay a

s D

evon

(Fig

ures

11

& 12

).

Thes

e ob

serv

atio

ns o

f gra

in, c

ompl

exity

and

rich

ness

are

att

ribut

es th

at

I int

end

to u

se in

my

inte

rven

tion.

By

prov

idin

g a

fram

ewor

k, o

r a w

ay to

ad

d, s

ubtr

act a

nd c

hang

e th

e se

nse

of g

rain

and

stim

ulat

ion

on D

evon

th

e st

reet

can

bec

ome

the

plac

e th

at it

s’ us

ers

mak

e it.

Figu

re 10

. Exa

mple

of gr

ain

Figu

re 12

. Dev

on Av

enue

, Chic

ago

Figu

re 11

. Litt

le In

dia, S

ingap

ore

Arijit Sen 380

portfoilio

06

Adap

tive I

nter

actio

ns -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

9

Sinc

e m

ultic

ultu

ralis

m is

a p

roce

ss –

som

ethi

ng th

at is

alw

ays

beco

m-

ing

– th

ere

need

s to

be

an in

here

nt s

ense

of fl

exib

ility

or a

dapt

abili

ty in

th

e de

sign

inte

rven

tion.

The

idea

of a

dapt

abili

ty is

als

o im

port

ant t

o th

e pr

ojec

t bec

ause

we

are

look

ing

tow

ard

the

futu

re o

f the

are

a an

d an

a-ly

zing

our

des

igns

thro

ugh

a si

xty

year

per

iod.

The

se c

onst

rain

ts le

d m

e to

impl

emen

t an

elem

enta

l wal

l-sch

eme.

Rat

her t

han

desi

gn o

ne s

pace

th

at is

lim

ited

in fl

exib

ility

, it b

ecam

e ev

iden

t tha

t in

orde

r to

desi

gn fo

r ad

apta

bilit

y th

e pr

ojec

t nee

ds to

be

a sy

stem

of i

ndiv

idua

l ele

men

ts

that

can

be

chan

ged

and

man

ipul

ated

inde

pend

ently

of o

ne a

noth

er to

pr

oduc

e m

ultiv

alen

t res

ults

(Fig

ure

13).

The

cons

truc

tion

and

mob

ility

of t

hese

ele

men

ts a

re a

lso

cruc

ial f

ac-

tors

in th

e de

sign

. In

orde

r for

ada

ptab

ility

to h

appe

n at

a s

ocia

l lev

el,

the

phys

ical

env

ironm

ent h

as to

be

adap

tabl

e. T

he c

ompo

nent

s of

the

wal

l are

des

igne

d to

mov

e, c

hang

e si

ze a

nd s

hape

in o

rder

to fi

t a w

ide

varie

ty o

f situ

atio

ns a

nd s

izes

of g

roup

s (F

igur

es 1

4 &

15).

In o

ne d

ay th

e w

all e

lem

ents

can

sup

port

an

outd

oor m

arke

t, a

plac

e to

pau

se o

r rel

ax,

a w

ay to

adv

ertis

e an

d a

plac

e to

pla

y (F

igur

e 16

). Fi

gure

13. In

depe

nden

t ada

ptab

ility l

eads

to m

ore o

utco

mes

Adap

tabil

ity

Arijit Sen 381

portfoilio

06

Adap

tive I

nter

actio

ns -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

10

Figu

re 15

. Pop

ulatio

n of e

lemen

ts cre

ate d

iffer

ent s

ize ga

ther

ing sp

aces

base

d on s

ocial

dista

nces

Figu

re 14

. Inte

racti

on an

d kine

tic ad

apta

bility

Arijit Sen 382

portfoilio

06

Adap

tive I

nter

actio

ns -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

11

cove

ring

benc

h

bike

rack

adve

rtis

e

bus

shel

ter

clim

bing

wal

l

food

car

t

grafi

tti

light

ing

light

ing

disp

lay

mai

l box

plan

ter

gam

es

scul

ptur

e

poin

t of s

ale

tabl

e

wat

er fe

atur

e

tras

h bi

n

post

ing

kios

k

park

ing

met

er

shel

f

func

tion

al

pers

onal

izat

ion

com

mer

ce

stre

et s

tuff

art/

expr

essi

on

recr

eati

on

draw

ing

perf

orm

Figu

re 13

. Bra

insto

rm of

scen

arios

and a

ctivit

ies

Arijit Sen 383

portfoilio

06

Adap

tive I

nter

actio

ns -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

12

A. D

efine

an

Edge

B. F

orm

an

Arc

ade

C. C

reat

e a

Thre

shol

dD

. For

m a

Gat

eway

E. F

ram

e a

View

F. E

nhan

ce th

e G

rain

G. D

raw

InH

. Obs

cure

a V

iew

I. Re

plac

e a

Faca

deJ.

Cre

ate

Nod

esK.

Cre

ate

a Sp

ace

STRE

ET S

IDEW

ALK

B

UILD

ING

Figu

re 17

. Arch

itectu

ral m

orph

ology

or in

stalla

tion s

cena

riosArijit Sen 384

portfoilio

06

Adap

tive I

nter

actio

ns -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

13

The

cons

truc

tion

of th

e w

all i

s al

so im

port

ant f

or a

dapt

abili

ty to

hap

pen

over

a lo

nger

cou

rse

of ti

me.

Sin

ce th

e w

hole

is m

ade

up o

f a s

erie

s of

sm

all i

nter

lock

ing

part

s, th

e w

alls

can

be

cons

truc

ted

and

deco

nstr

uct-

ed e

asily

by

hand

and

can

take

on

a nu

mbe

r of d

iffer

ent f

orm

s.Fi

gure

18. C

onstr

uctio

n asse

mbly

12

34

STEE

L STA

CKIN

GW

OOD

INSE

RTHI

NGE

VERT

ICAL/

HORI

ZONT

AL

EXPA

NSIO

N

Arijit Sen 385

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06

Adap

tive I

nter

actio

ns -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

14

Phas

e 01

: M

y de

sign

is in

tend

ed to

be

impl

emen

ted

toda

y. S

ince

the

Dev

on n

eigh

borh

ood

is th

e st

artin

g po

int f

or m

any

Sout

h A

sian

imm

i-gr

ants

, it i

s lo

gica

l to

begi

n by

dra

win

g at

tent

ion

to b

asic

, inf

rast

ruct

ural

co

mm

unity

ser

vice

ope

ratio

ns li

ke h

ealth

, fina

ncia

l and

com

mun

ity

mee

ting

cent

ers.

The

wal

l ele

men

ts c

an h

elp

call-

out o

r mar

k th

ese

core

ce

nter

s of

com

mun

ity a

nd h

elp

enha

nce

thei

r ser

vice

s an

d be

com

e m

ore

visi

ble

in th

e ne

ighb

orho

od. T

hese

cen

ters

bec

ome

outw

ardl

y an

d vi

sual

ly li

nked

to o

ne a

noth

er a

nd c

an s

ubse

quen

tly s

erve

as

a m

odel

to

link

othe

r pro

gram

mat

ic p

lace

s to

eac

h ot

her a

s th

e pr

ojec

t dev

elop

s.

Phas

e 02

: A

fter

thes

e el

emen

ts h

ave

popu

late

d so

mew

hat m

ore

thro

ugho

ut th

e st

reet

, a la

rger

pat

tern

beg

ins

to e

mer

ge. A

reas

whe

re

larg

er g

roup

s of

peo

ple

are

likel

y to

con

greg

ate

such

as

stre

et c

orne

rs

and

inte

rsec

tions

hav

e la

rger

dim

ensi

ons

and

the

elem

ents

spr

ead

fart

her a

part

. Tow

ards

the

mid

dle

of th

e bl

ock

for i

nsta

nce,

the

elem

ents

de

nsify

allo

win

g fo

r a c

ontin

uum

of s

patia

l dim

ensi

ons,

each

pro

vidi

ng

a m

ore

priv

ate

and

pers

onal

gat

herin

g sp

ace.

Phas

e 03

: A

s th

e in

terv

entio

n el

emen

ts in

crea

se th

e gr

ain

of D

evon

to

an o

ptim

al p

oint

, the

y se

rve

to fo

rm th

e id

entit

y of

the

plac

e. It

is th

e ph

ysic

al e

lem

ent t

hat c

reat

es th

e “f

eel”

of th

e ne

ighb

orho

od a

nd th

e fu

nctio

nal e

lem

ent t

hat a

llow

s pe

rson

aliz

atio

n at

all

leve

ls. P

eopl

e be

gin

to id

entif

y w

ith th

e el

emen

ts a

nd it

sha

pes

thei

r mem

orie

s of

the

stre

et

expe

rienc

e.

Imple

men

tatio

n/Tim

eline

Arijit Sen 386

portfoilio

1 Fredri

k Bart

h, Eth

nic Gr

oups

and B

ound

aries

(Univ

ersity

of Vi

rginia

, 196

9).

2 Kevin

Lync

h, Th

e Ima

ge of

the C

ity (M

IT Pre

ss, 19

60).

3 Homi

Bhab

ha, T

he Lo

catio

n of C

ulture

(Rou

tledg

e, 20

04)

4 Mary

-Lou

ise Pr

att, “

Arts

of th

e Con

tact Z

one.”

Profe

ssion

91 (1

991)

: 33-

40.

5 Amos

Rapo

port,

Histo

ry an

d Prec

eden

t in En

viron

menta

l Desi

gn (U

niv. o

f Cali

fornia

: Ple

num

Press,

1990

)

06

Adap

tive I

nter

actio

ns -

Imag

ine De

von

Page

15

The

inte

ntio

ns o

f my

desi

gn in

terv

entio

n ar

e ba

sed

on th

e id

ea th

at

mul

ticul

tura

lism

and

soc

ial s

truc

ture

in g

ener

al a

re th

e w

ork

of p

erso

nal,

itera

tive,

inte

ract

iona

l pro

cess

es. I

t is

inte

nded

to g

ive

full

cont

rol t

o th

e pa

rtic

ipan

ts o

f the

str

eet:

the

stor

e ow

ners

, the

resi

dent

s, th

e sh

oppe

rs;

ever

yone

can

impa

ct th

e ph

ysic

al p

lace

in a

read

ily a

cces

sibl

e w

ay.

The

inte

ract

ion

that

take

s pl

ace

with

the

phys

ical

env

ironm

ent t

hen

nur-

ture

s an

d en

cour

ages

inte

ract

ion

at a

soc

ial l

evel

, whi

ch in

-tur

n he

lps

fost

er a

mul

ticul

tura

l pla

ce. T

he w

all e

lem

ents

pro

vide

a n

eutr

al, m

al-

leab

le fr

amew

ork

that

bec

omes

a c

onta

ct z

one

in w

hich

a w

ide

varie

ty

of in

divi

dual

s an

d gr

oups

can

use

to c

omm

unic

ate.

It is

par

tially

dep

en-

dent

on

the

com

mer

cial

act

ivity

on

Dev

on A

venu

e, b

ut th

at h

as b

een

Dev

on’s

natu

re fa

r lon

ger t

han

it ha

s be

en a

ny o

ne c

ultu

re’s

dom

ain.

Putt

ing

the

cont

rol i

n th

e ha

nds

of th

e pe

ople

who

use

Dev

on A

venu

e is

a

mai

n st

rate

gy, b

ut it

doe

s no

t det

erm

ine

wha

t Dev

on w

ill b

ecom

e. T

he

desi

gn p

roje

ct d

oes

not g

uara

ntee

a c

erta

in s

ocia

l out

com

e; it

can

onl

y he

lp to

pro

vide

peo

ple

with

the

tool

s to

cre

ate.

Conc

lusion

Arijit Sen 387

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Arijit Sen 388

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Arijit Sen 389

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Arijit Sen 390

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portfoilio

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portfoilio

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DESIGN STUDIO

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Assignment: Developing concepts and Graphic Representation Tool: Non-linear textual analysis, graphic designObjectives: Conceptual development, textual analysis, non-linear perception, graphic presentation, hierarchy. Understand-ing, analyzing, and using context information during the design process. Students read a poem or prose in a non-linear way using a technique called fish-hook techniques. They then analyze an advertisement of their choice and present their design information using the advertising format. Duration: 4 daysBall State Student: Keith Guerin

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, SPRING 2004

Read the poemRead the action words sequentially (ignore the rest of the text)Determine the experience and/or feelings (it could be a series of concatenated experiences) that that prose/poetry expresses. Consider a rectangular plane whose height is the same as your height and width is ½ the dimension of your body when you extend your arms out (finger tip to finger tip when your arms are extended out / 2).Using this plane as a basic module and scale, recreate a series of spaces to walk through. The experience of walking through these spaces should reflect the experience(s) that you identified in the prose/poetry given to you. You may divide and add to the basic module to create different planar forms and spaces.

Choose an attractive advertisement from a magazine. Analyze the advertisement (examples will be shown in class) and study how information is communicated to the viewer through text, graphics, and layout. Base on this advertisement; create a magazine page presentation of your project.

original advertisement

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16ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, FALL 2003

Second Year First Semester Architectural Design, Ball State University, Fall 2003Project 1The first architectural project for students enrolled at Ball State University’s Department of Architecture, this semester deals with principles and fundamentals of design. Using a kit of parts made of orthogonal planes, students explored human scale and haptic design principles.Students constructed a sequence of spaces to move through using a kit of part module.

Tool: Kit of Parts; orthogonal planar forms based on personal dimensionsObjectives: Experiential Explorations; human scale, proportions, ordering access, form, and dimensions, sequential movement through space.

Duration: 4 weeksBall State Students (clockwise from top): Elizabeth McCarty, Jenny Lyn Almazan, karli Molter, Robert Beach

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Assignment: ICMA Precedent Study Model and Heliodon Light StudiesTadao Aando, Chrch of Light PrecedentBall State Students: Keith Guerin, Mike Schulte

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, SPRING 2004

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18ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, SPRING 2004

Assignment: ICMALight Study in Charcoal (right); Sketchup Model of Design InteriorsBall State Student: Keith Guerin, Mike Schulte

Mike Schulte

1. Howdidthestructureorderlight?My structure ordered light by using thin openings to create sharp light patterns. These crisp light patterns enter the main commons space and reflect off the shinny floor to create a warm glow within the space. The sharp light patterns also help to define the space because they hit multiple surfaces at the same time. This allows visitors to visualize the boundaries of the space by the bends in the light patterns.

2. Whatwerethedetailsthatallowedyoutomodulateandexperimentwithvariouslightconditionswithinyourbuilding?The openings in the roof in my study model had to be moved further back in my final design because the light patterns were intersecting with the clerestory light patterns. The clerestory also allowed me to modulate the light with its height. The large ribbon window at the end of the commons space also allowed me to experiment with various light conditions. The shinny floor seemed the most effective way to provide a warm glow of light without interrupting the main crisp light patterns.

3. Explainhowtheorderoflightinformsyourconceptandaffectstheresultantdesign.The order of light informs my concept because the light patterns that enter the space travel across the main corridor. Since the commons space is my main artery of circulation, all cir-culation branches off of that main path. The light travels in this same fashion by going across the space from west to east.

4. ExplainhowyourprecedentANDresearch(readings)informedandaffectedyourorderoflight.At first, I wanted to create a wedge at the end of my building to allow the light to enter in as a crisp pattern. The way the building had to sit on the site did not allow this possibility, so I turned to a clerestory to create these patterns in the commons area. I liked the idea of defining the space with how the light bounces off surfaces in the Church of Light. I also liked the play of light idea and tried to use that in my commons space since this is a very active building. Therefore, I tried to use these ideas in my design.

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, SPRING 2004

Assignment: ICMAFinal Design and Study ModelsBall State Student: Keith Guerin

1 2 3

4

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20ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, SPRING 2004

Assignment: ICMAFinal ProjectBall State Student: Keith Guerin

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, FALL 2003

Assignment: Placemaking using Structure and TectonicsTool: Precedent designs with particular section and structural sys-tem. Objectives: Understanding, analyzing, and transforming given struc-ture to particular exigencies. Students study, model, and creatively analyze works of architects in order to appreciate and use tectonic and structures during the design process. Duration: 7 weeksBall State Students: Muncie Setting

Student:ElizabethMcCartyPrecedent: Ball Eastaway House, Glen Murcutt, Architect

Student:JennyL.AlmazanPrecedent: University of Ulm, Otto Stiedle, Archi-tect

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22ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, SPRING 2002

Second Architecture Studio in the Second Year sequence:Assignment: Complex site issues. Student Center between 2 existing building in campusTool: Concept development, graphic thinking, formal analysis, ordering systems, site analysis. Objectives: Understanding, analyzing, and using context information during the design process. Duration: 6 weeksBall State Student: Jeremy Richmond(top); Kayo Takumyo (opposite page)

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, SPRING 2002

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24ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, SPRING 2002

Assignment: Architectural competition -- Architecture Museum in Columbus, IndianaSponsored by Indiana Concrete Masonry Association Concept development, graphic presentation skills, model-makingObjectives: Evaluating design, critical analysis, conceptual thinking, and design skills acquired during this year sequenceDuration: 7 weeks

Ball State Student: Jeremy Richmond (top); Jessica Fogle (opposite)

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INDIANACENTERFORARCHITECTURE(ICA)Columbus,In.

BackgroundSince the1940s the Cummins Foundations in Columbus, In. has promoted high quality archi-tecture in public buildings. As a result of this continuing process, the Cummins Foundation has amassed a large collection of architectural documents relating to the development of Columbus during the last century. These docu-ments are primarily drawings and models, but also photos, correspondence, programs and contracts that contribute to the understanding of the various facets of architectural profession and its connection to society. The ICA missionThe proposed Indiana Center for Architecture (ICA) is a place to preserve and exhibit this wealth of materials; it is also a study center devoted to the art of architecture of America. It is founded on the concern that architecture, as part of the social and natural environment, is a public concern.The siteThe site is in the center of Columbus, on Frank-lin St., immediately north of the Visitors Center. The site is currently used for surface parking.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, SPRING 2002

The

func

tions

of

the

ICA

can

be lo

osel

y gr

oupe

d in

to t

hree

ar

eas:

pub

lic e

xhib

ition

s, s

tudy

cen

ter,

and

adm

inis

trat

ion.

An

outd

oor

publ

ic a

rea

(the

“ga

rden

”) is

inte

gral

to

the

desi

gn.

Pro

gram

Entr

ance

lobb

y

50

0 C

oat

stor

age

15

0Re

cept

ion

hall

80

0Re

stro

oms

400

Audi

toriu

m

11

00

Book

shop

500

Perm

anen

t ex

hibi

tions

40

00Te

mpo

rary

exh

ibiti

ons

18

00Sc

hola

r of

fices

600

Stud

y Ce

nter

dire

ctor

20

0Li

brar

y

10

00Ar

chiv

es

10

00M

odel

s st

orag

e

1200

Com

mon

loun

ge,

50

0Se

min

ar r

oom

250

Clas

s ro

om

45

0M

edia

roo

m

50

0Re

cept

ion

area

200

Rest

room

s

80

Load

ing

dock

400

Offi

ces

900

Woo

dsho

p

800

Phot

ogra

phy

faci

litie

s 80

0Ex

hibi

tion

rece

ivin

g 60

0G

ener

al s

tora

ge

10

0St

aff

rest

room

s

15

0Ja

nito

rs c

lose

t

100

Mee

ting

room

300

Tota

l net

floo

r ar

ea

21,2

30

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Assignment: Movement and TransitionTool: Axis and GridObjectives: Ordering vertical movement through space, human scale, transparency and views, ordering light and form. Students explored vertical movement through space with a focus on the “human-gaze” as a conceptual idea.Duration: 4 weeksBSU Students: Stefanie Helfrich (top); Michael Perso (opposite page)

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, Fall 2002

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, Fall 2002

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Assignment: Social Practices and Spatial formTool: Structure of site and buildingObjectives: Environment and behavior, ordering horizontal access, materials, structure, light, form, and access. Integrating user’s point of view into the concept. Students collaborated with an art student as a potential client interested in constructing a workspace/studio. Duration: 4 weeksBall State Students: Stefanie Helfrich (top); Michael Perso (opposite page)

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, Fall 2002

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, Fall 2002

Assignment: Social Practices and Spatial formTool: Structure of site and buildingObjectives: Environment and behavior, ordering horizontal access, materials, structure, light, form, and access. Integrating user’s point of view into the concept. Students collaborated with an art student as a potential client interested in constructing a workspace/studio. Duration: 4 weeksBall State Students: Michael Perso

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30ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, Fall 2002

Assignment:PhysicalandSocialContext;Placemaking,Quebec City, CanadaTool: Ordering systems, site analysis, form, access, light, structure, dimensions, and privacies. Objectives: Understanding, analyzing, and using context information during the design process. Students designed a complex communal living space on a complex site. The first integration of social, physical, and cultural issues during the design process. Duration: 7 weeksBall State Students: Stefanie Helfrich

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, Fall 2002

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32ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO SEQUENCE UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BALL STATE UNIVERSITY, Fall 2002

Assignment:PhysicalandSocialContext;Placemaking,Quebec City, CanadaTool: Ordering systems, site analysis, form, access, light, structure, dimensions, and privacies. Objectives: Understanding, analyzing, and using context information during the design process. Students designed a complex communal living space on a complex site. The first integration of social, physical, and cultural issues during the design process. Duration: 7 weeksBall State Students: Michael Perso

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33 1996-1997

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orde

rsFUNDAMENTALS OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, U. C. BERKELEY, FALL 1996, SPRING 1997

Arch 100A: Fundamentals of Architectural Design, University of California, BerkeleyPosition: Instructor

Arch 100 A is part of a yearlong sequence of stu-dios that introduce architectural design to under-graduates majoring in Architecture. The intention of this course is to develop an understanding of the basic principles in the discipline of architecture that influence the forms of buildings. Students explore the relationship between building form and,

1. Orders and use: how and why the various systems that make buildings are orga-nized and how we experience them.

2. Assemblage: the bringing together of material and spatial elements to achieve desired actions and expressions.

3. Settings: the relationship between the context and the form of the building; how the reading of the landscape - urban and natural influences the building form.

Project 1: Orders

Students: (Middle and Bottom) Amy Chan (material system: CMU Block), Spring 1996(Top) Sean Kakigi (material system: tilt up concrete), Spring 1996Students explored the issues involved in ordering architecture as they designed an outdoor exhibition pavilion. The material systems were limited to tilt-up units or concrete masonry units.

Goal: To emphasize an iterative learning process where students constantly evaluate their intentions by divid-ing larger projects into smaller assignments and by encouraging students to keep an introspective log of their ideas and intentions as part of class-work.

I broke up the project into a series of smaller exercises. These exercises helped students examine in detail the order of space, order of materials, order of dimensions, order of light, and the order of access in their design.

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ordersFUNDAMENTALS OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, U. C. BERKELEY, FALL 1996, SPRING 1997

During the course of this studio I encouraged stu-dents to critically examine written and built works of architects, historians, and architectural critics, often bringing in monographs and slides in class for discus-sion. These precedents became points of compari-son and important lessons against which they tested their own design ideas and propositions.

Project 2: AssemblageStudents: (L) Anita Lee (Case Study: Newton Library, Patkau Architects), Spring 1997(Far R) Sean Kakigi (Case Study: Lovell Beach House. Rudolf Schindler), Spring 1996

In this project students researched how architects used material systems and struc-tural systems in their design to respond to the program and environment. They adapted the tectonic qualities of the mate-rial, design, and construction systems from given case studies to design an exhibition center on a sloping site. Case studies included University of Ulm by Otto Steidle, UNESCO laboratory, Building Workshop by Renzo Piano, Lovell Beach House by Rudolf Schindler, Newton Library by Patkau Architects, Kimball Art Museum by Louis Kahn, Ball-Eastaway House and Studio by Glenn Murcutt, and Villa Baizeau by Le Corbusier.

I encouraged students to begin their design process using sectional draw-ings instead of a plan to emphasize the vertical spatial relationships in a building. The case study generated a series of sections that became the starting point for further design ex-plorations, changes, modifications, and interventions to suit the unique needs of the site and program.

patkau architects, newton library

pre

cede

nts

Lovell Beach House. Rudolf Schindler

precedent sections design

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36FUNDAMENTALS OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, U. C. BERKELEY, FALL 1996, SPRING 1997

Project 3: SettingsThe final project was the design of a youth hostel. We chose two complementary sites for design considerations. One was a sloping site in a valley between the rolling hills of Berkeley; the other was a flat urban block in San Francisco. One half of the students worked on the urban site and the other half worked on the forested hilly landscape. Students investigated the unique qualities of the particular site and examined place making within these limiting contexts.

How is a site transformed if it is already claimed as pub-lic or private? What are the formal elements of the site that need to be considered? How are they ordered? What are the differences and simi-larities in building in differ-ent sites? How is an existing landscape transformed?

Methods:I emphasized the experiential nature of design through walk-through exercises developed from my own work on movement notations (See design projects, p. 7). In short class exercises and sub-assignments Students drew extensive site sketches as part of these assignments. They visualized the site as a node within a larger spatial network. They divided the site into a back-ground, foreground, and middle ground, as in a painting. In the urban plot I worked with the students to facilitate their explora-tion into the relationship between buildings, streets, and urban divisions. I encouraged students to think of spatial relationship through sections and scale models.

George used a series of study models to examine the building, construction systems, the street, and site. He combined these exercises to focus on a sequential spatial experience of walking through the building by developing a series of parallel frames. He connected these frames by using horizontal surfaces to carve out the interior spaces. Rudolf Schindler’s Lowell Beach House (that he examined for an earlier project) influ-enced his design.

Students: (R) George Huang (San Francisco South Park urban setting), Spring 1997(L) Kevan Ho (San Francisco South Park urban setting, Fall 1997}

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37FUNDAMENTALS OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN UNDERGRADUATE STUDIO. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, U. C. BERKELEY, FALL 1996, SPRING 1997

Eugene adapted my movement notation charts (p. 7, design section) to explore the experiential nature of the site.

the experiential

Students: (R, Top, and Bottom) Sean Kakiji (U. C. Botanical Gardens, Berkeley Hills setting),Spring 1996(L) Eugene Wong (U. C. Botanical Gardens, Berkeley Hills setting),Spring 1996

I designed a series of short exer-cises for the students to explore the experiential nature of the site (see previous page).

Sean used these exercises to explore the relationship between the building, site, and the landscape. His build-ing was an extension of the street, connecting the inhabitation spaces to the larger urban landscape. The central hallway worked as an indoor street with private and public spaces arranged on both sides. At various points the dimensions and light con-ditions in the indoor street changed. Double height overlooks, private nich-es, and fenestrations determined by drawing sight lines into the outdoors, turned this interior corridor into a very complex and livable space.

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381994-2003

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39HIGH SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE STUDIOACADEMIC TALENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, U. C. BERKELEY, SUMMER 2001

experientialGoal: Teaching Introduc-tory Architectural StudioThe following examples are from a summer studio that I independently designed and taught for the Academic Talent Development Project (ATDP), University of California, Berke-ley. This class is a University outreach program for talented high school children. The ex-ceptional quality of the projects speaks for the unprecedented success of this studio. The superior quality of these projects comes out of an intensive process that includes drawing, modeling, research, and a rather exhausting set of smaller assignments that lead to the final project.

Goal: Emphasizing the ProcessOrdering ExperienceI emphasize the investigation and design the experiential nature of the built environment in my studio. Students com-plete short assignments and projects exploring how humans experience and remember places. One of these assignments involves a mapping project where students map the experiential properties of public spaces in the campus.

The students are required to redesign the narrow public courtyard space in front of their studio to “encour-aging learning through social interaction.” Instead of a fixed program this objective allows students to explore multiple possibilities and solutions.

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rmHIGH SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE STUDIOACADEMIC TALENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, U. C. BERKELEY, SUMMER 2001

Goal: Clarity of Intention The learning process gains from the clarity of one’s intentions and point of view. In a design studio I encourage students to develop a clear set of intentions to generate design decisions and define the final product.

Learning from PrecedenceI encourage students to see how architectural design relates to a larger context and how the designer works within a system of precedents and knowledge generated through accretion, synthesis, and critical adaptation. Every summer, I choose to highlight the design process of a core group of 5-6 architects – how they use form, access, light, materials, structure, site, and notions of privacy to order architectural space. During my lectures I concentrate on examples from this core group and show students slides and pictures of representative work done by them. The intention is not to learn through duplication but to see these examples as practical and real applications of concepts. Students evaluate how the architectural intentions of these architects responded to social, political, environmental, and economic necessities. In projects displayed here students adapted the use of sequential frames variously used by Rudolf Schindler and Steven Holl. Their iterative exploration of ordering space, done through models and short assignments focusing on various ordering principles, helped them clarify their intentions. They adapted the system of sequential frames to find innovative solutions.Students: Benjamin Chang, 2001; Crystal Chau, 2001; Kyle Checchi, 2001

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41HIGH SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE STUDIOACADEMIC TALENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, U. C. BERKELEY, SUMMER 2001

Goal: Exploring formal principlesProcess: Ordering formBecause of their inexperience I start the summer studio students with a kit of parts – a set of rectangular planes they can use as architectural surfaces. I gradually encourage them to experiment with forms and solutions to go beyond the limitations of the kit. Students use sections and models to ex-plore relationship between various spaces in their designs (in addition to the plan). The above examples show how students successfully explored more complex forms and layouts after beginning with the kit of parts. The final product is in the right hand column.Students: Zaneta Balantac, 2001; Jim Leng, 2001; Emma Fraijo, 2001

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42HIGH SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE STUDIOACADEMIC TALENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, U. C. BERKELEY, SUMMER 2003

Goal: Teaching Introductory Architectural StudioThe following examples are from a summer studio that I independently designed and taught for the Academic Talent De-velopment Project (ATDP), University of California, Berkeley. This class is a University outreach program for talented high school children. The exceptional quality of the projects speaks for the unprecedented success of this studio. The superior quality of these projects comes out of an intensive process that includes drawing, modeling, research, and a rather exhausting set of smaller assignments that lead to the final project.

Goal: Emphasizing the ProcessOrdering ExperienceI emphasize the investigation and design the experiential nature of the built environment in my studio. Students complete short assign-ments and projects exploring form, color, and spatial ordering.

Students: Jacqueline Lau, Doug-las Mill, and Bonnie Hodul (top), Dickson Tse (middle), Michele Ma (bottom)

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HIGH SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE STUDIOACADEMIC TALENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, U. C. BERKELEY, SUMMER 2003

Goal: Clarity of Intention The learning process gains from the clarity of one’s intentions and point of view. I encourage the high school students to develop a clear set of intentions to generate design decisions and define the final product.

Learning from PrecedenceI encourage students to see how architectural design relates to a larger context and how the designer works within a system of precedents and knowledge generated through accretion, synthesis, and critical adaptation. Every summer, I choose to highlight the design process of a core group of 5-6 architects – how they use form, access, light, mate-rials, structure, site, and notions of privacy to order architectural space. During my lectures I concen-trate on examples from this core group and show students slides and pictures of representative work done by them. The intention is not to learn through duplication but to see these examples as practical and real applications of concepts. Students evaluate how the architectural intentions of these architects responded to social, political, environmental, and economic necessities. In projects displayed here stu-dents understood the design of Louis Kahn through modeling and analysis. Students: Jennifer Lee (right top)Disckson Tse (right middle)Clara, Justine, Renata, and Sam (right bottom)Annie Book (bottom)

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44HIGH SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE STUDIOACADEMIC TALENT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, U. C. BERKELEY, SUMMER 2003

Goal: Exploring formal principlesProcess: Ordering formBecause of their inexperience I start the summer studio students with a kit of parts – a set of rectangular planes they can use as architectural surfaces. I gradually encourage them to experiment with forms and solutions to go beyond the limitations of the kit. Students use sections and models to explore relationship between various spaces in their designs (in addition to the plan). The above examples show how students successfully explored more complex forms and layouts after beginning with the kit of parts. The final product is in the right hand column.Students: Annie Book, (top left); Jennifer Lee, Annie Book, SelenaO’Conner (left middle); Jennifer Lee (right bottom); Julia Voorhees, Jian Chen, Ye Li (top right), Julia Voorhees (middle right), Jain Chen (bottom right).

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